×

We gebruiken cookies om LingQ beter te maken. Als u de website bezoekt, gaat u akkoord met onze cookiebeleid.

image

Steve's Cafe, The Importance of Reading History

The Importance of Reading History

Hi there, Steve Kaufmann here.

Today, I want to talk a little bit about history. First of all, if you like this channel please subscribe to it. I remind you that the transcripts, the audio and the video are available at LingQ as lessons. Because I know that many of you who watch these videos are not native speakers, I think my sort of rambling style where I don't write things down ahead of time and very often haven't really planned what I'm going to say makes it much like a conversation and I think conversations are, in fact, the easiest kinds of material to use for language study. Once we've gone beyond the beginner, brain dead, boring learner stuff and we want to get into authentic material, then a natural conversation is easier than more formal text. Getting to history now, I love reading about history.

In fact, there were some questions. Stephen Fisher asked: Are there any history books you would recommend or novels. There were also some other comments. When I referred to ‘liberté, égalité, fraternité', freedom, equality and fraternity of the French Revolution, one person said that all these revolutions were very bloody and scary and as a citizen of a former communist country he is scared of socialist revolutions. It all has to do with history… I love reading about history, I think history gives us a perspective.

We think we live in a violent time, so in terms of reading I would recommend Steven Pinker's book The Better Angels of Our Nature where he clearly documents that society has become less and less violent literally over the last 500 years and it's continuing to become less and less violent, despite the occasional flare ups and spikes such as our two World Wars in the twentieth century. It's interesting that very often this reduction in violence also seems to correspond to a reduction in religiosity, certainly in some of the books I've been reading recently here for Stephen Fisher's benefit.

For example, I read a very interesting book which described the life of Frederick the Great of Prussia and Bach. First of all, through the seventeenth century, that is the sixteen hundreds, Europe went through a period of tremendous violence largely caused by religion, or so it might appear on the surface. Then when you read the life of Frederick the Great, who was not at all religious, he was inspired by this sense of glory and was going to expand the boundaries of Prussia.

He was someone who was picked on by his father and his father was somewhat militaristic, so he was militaristic. So there's this desire for glory as a motive for violence, which is somewhat less today but still exists and we'll get that. For example, right now I'm reading a book that covers the year 1848, which was the year of all these revolutions in Europe and describes France in 1848.

The masses in France were very militaristic, they wanted a war. They were hankering back to the days when France conquered all these countries in Europe spreading the revolution and so forth. The revolutionary masses of France, even in 1848, 35 years after Napoleon had been defeated, were hankering for this past, this sort of nostalgia for glory. Also, I read a book quite recently on the Teutonic Knights and the sort of crusading by mostly German, but Western European (call them crusaders) into the Baltic to convert the Latvians and the Lithuanians to Christianity.

It's obvious when you read the wars and the battles at that time in history there was a lot of deceit, deception, lying, violence and the armies would just lay waste to the countryside. This was was the pattern right throughout, until very recently, that the armies would live off the countryside and kill, rape and loot at will. Today, of course, we see this violence in the Islamic government.

We see Russians streaming into Ukraine to fight. They're not sure, fight for the Orthodox Church, for Russia, against Obama, whatever. They want to go there to fight, so at some level there is this desire. Whether it be call them Russian jihadists, the jihadists in the Middle East or those militaristic French revolutionaries in 1848, at some level people want to fight for some strange reason; a certain percentage of them. It's also leaders.

To some extent, Bush's war on Iraq happened because he had the power to go in there. He has all these toys, this army, this force and so if people have power they're likely to use it. So, again, the more we read of history I question how much George Bush knew. Maybe he did, maybe he didn't, I don't know. You hear some of the statements from people who are aspiring leaders. Like Trump, you really question how much he reads. I saw a statement from one of his advisors on foreign affairs called Page, who apparently said that Ukraine is like Quebec or something. Ukraine, part of Russia, is like Quebec, part of Canada, there is absolutely nothing similar between those situations, so I'm worried. Another example of sort of relative ignorance was when Putin, as I mentioned in my previous video, announces to his vast television audience in Russia that Süddeutsche Zeitung, which released the Panama Papers which implicated Putin as well as a whole bunch of other people, was owned by either the CIA or Goldman Sachs.

He subsequently disavowed the statement and said that he was misled by his press secretary. I ask myself, how can you have an environment (A) where the press secretary would say this to his president and (B) where the president wouldn't immediately say this is absolute nonsense? It all comes back to this idea that it's not necessarily just history, but I think it is important for people to read, to read widely to get a sense of proportion of what is likely historical behavior on the part of people and what is likely to be the reaction.

I, therefore, like reading on history. I read in different languages like Frederick the Great, as I said. I also was able to listen to a description of his life in Italian on [Insert Italian]. All I can say is read widely, Stephen Fisher. If there are things happening in the Balkans, I'll read up on the Balkans.

I'll find books on that subject. I've read some histories of Ukraine. For example, I just happen to have it handy, The Gates of Europe. When I listen to a lot of my [Insert Polish], of course you get a sense of the involvement of Poland with Lithuania and Ukraine. Go wherever your interest takes you. When I was learning Chinese, I read a lot of Chinese history. When I first got involved with French when I was only 18 years old, I was totally immersed in French history. There are so many books on history and if they can do them through language so much the better.

So just follow your interests and, of course, nowadays you can Google it, find it, download it onto your Kindle and away you go. So thank you for listening and just another ramble.

Remember, you'll be able to find this as a lesson, if you're learning English, at LingQ. You can check for the (l-i-n-k) link on how to get to our (L-i-n-g-Q) LingQ lesson. Thank you, bye-bye.

Learn languages from TV shows, movies, news, articles and more! Try LingQ for FREE

The Importance of Reading History Die Bedeutung des Lesens von Geschichte The Importance of Reading History La importancia de leer historia L'importance de la lecture de l'histoire L'importanza di leggere la storia 歴史を読むことの重要性 역사 읽기의 중요성 Istorijos skaitymo svarba Znaczenie czytania historii A importância da leitura da história Важность чтения истории Vikten av att läsa historia Tarih Okumanın Önemi 阅读历史的重要性 閱讀歷史的重要性

Hi there, Steve Kaufmann here. こんにちは、スティーブ・カウフマンです。

Today, I want to talk a little bit about history. ||||||a little|a little|| 今日は歴史について少しお話したいと思います。 First of all, if you like this channel please subscribe to it. First|||||||channel|||| まず、このチャンネルが気に入ったらチャンネル登録をお願いします。 I remind you that the transcripts, the audio and the video are available at LingQ as lessons. |||||transcripts|||||||available|||| |상기시키다||||||||||||||| Te|||||||||||||||| トランスクリプト、オーディオ、ビデオはレッスンとしてLingQで入手できます。 Because I know that many of you who watch these videos are not native speakers, I think my sort of rambling style where I don’t write things down ahead of time and very often haven’t really planned what I’m going to say makes it much like a conversation and I think conversations are, in fact, the easiest kinds of material to use for language study. ||||||||||||||||||||闲聊|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||many||||||||||||||kind||disorganized speaking|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||잡담하는|스타일|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||가장 쉬운|||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||wędrowny|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||yo|||||divagante||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||pienso que|||||el||||||||| Comme je sais que beaucoup d'entre vous qui regardez ces vidéos ne sont pas des locuteurs natifs, je pense que mon style décousu, où je n'écris rien à l'avance et où je n'ai souvent pas vraiment planifié ce que je vais dire, ressemble beaucoup à une conversation et je pense que les conversations sont, en fait, le type de matériel le plus facile à utiliser pour l'étude de la langue. これらのビデオを見ている人の多くはネイティブスピーカーではないことを知っているので、事前に物事を書き留めておらず、私が言うことを実際に計画していないという私の種類のとりとめのないスタイルだと思いますそれは会話によく似ており、実際、会話は語学学習に使用するのに最も簡単な種類の資料だと思います。 Ponieważ wiem, że wielu z was, którzy oglądają te filmy, nie jest rodzimymi użytkownikami języka, myślę, że mój gawędziarski styl, w którym nie zapisuję rzeczy z wyprzedzeniem i bardzo często nie zaplanowałem tego, co chcę powiedzieć, sprawia, że przypomina to rozmowę, a myślę, że rozmowy są w rzeczywistości najłatwiejszym rodzajem materiału do wykorzystania w nauce języka. Once we’ve gone beyond the beginner, brain dead, boring learner stuff and we want to get into authentic material, then a natural conversation is easier than more formal text. |||||||||||||||||真实的||||||||||| Once|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Una vez||||||cerebro|||||||||||||||||||||| Une fois que l'on a dépassé le stade du débutant, de l'écervelé, de l'apprenant ennuyeux et que l'on veut aborder des sujets authentiques, une conversation naturelle est plus facile qu'un texte plus formel. 初心者、脳死、退屈な学習者のものを超えて、本物の資料に取り掛かりたいと思ったら、自然な会話はより正式なテキストよりも簡単です。 Gdy już przekroczymy poziom początkującego, bezmyślnego, nudnego ucznia i chcemy przejść do autentycznych materiałów, naturalna rozmowa jest łatwiejsza niż bardziej formalny tekst. Getting to history now, I love reading about history. Przechodząc do|||||||| Pasando a|||||||| Pour en venir à l'histoire, j'adore lire sur l'histoire. 今、歴史にたどり着き、私は歴史について読むのが大好きです。 Przechodząc do historii, uwielbiam czytać o historii.

In fact, there were some questions. ||hubo|||preguntas W rzeczywistości były pewne pytania. Stephen Fisher asked: Are there any history books you would recommend or novels. |费舍尔||||||||||| |어부|||||||||추천할||소설 |Stephen Fisher||||||||||| There were also some other comments. When I referred to ‘liberté, égalité, fraternité', freedom, equality and fraternity of the French Revolution, one person said that all these revolutions were very bloody and scary and as a citizen of a former communist country he is scared of socialist revolutions. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||革命 ||언급한|||||||||||||||||||혁명들|||||||||||||공산주의자||||||사회주의자| ||||||||||||||||||||||||sangrientas||aterradoras||||||||||||||| Lorsque j'ai évoqué la liberté, l'égalité, la fraternité de la Révolution française, une personne a déclaré que toutes ces révolutions étaient très sanglantes et effrayantes et qu'en tant que citoyen d'un ancien pays communiste, elle avait peur des révolutions socialistes. Quando ho fatto riferimento a "liberté, égalité, fraternité", libertà, uguaglianza e fraternità della Rivoluzione francese, una persona ha detto che tutte queste rivoluzioni sono state molto sanguinose e spaventose e che, come cittadino di un ex Paese comunista, ha paura delle rivoluzioni socialiste. フランス革命の「自由、平等、友愛」、自由、平等、友愛について言及したとき、ある人は、これらの革命はすべて非常に血まみれで恐ろしいものであり、かつての共産主義国の市民として社会主義革命を恐れていると述べました。 Kiedy odniosłem się do "liberté, égalité, fraternité", wolności, równości i braterstwa rewolucji francuskiej, jedna osoba powiedziała, że wszystkie te rewolucje były bardzo krwawe i przerażające, a jako obywatel byłego kraju komunistycznego boi się rewolucji socjalistycznych. It all has to do with history… Todo|||||| それはすべて歴史と関係があります… Wszystko to ma związek z historią... I love reading about history, I think history gives us a perspective. |||||||||||视角 ||||||||provides|||

We think we live in a violent time, so in terms of reading I would recommend Steven Pinker’s book The Better Angels of Our Nature where he clearly documents that society has become less and less violent literally over the last 500 years and it’s continuing to become less and less violent, despite the occasional flare ups and spikes such as our two World Wars in the twentieth century. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||记录||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||Steven Pinker||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||스티븐|핑커의||||천사들|||||||문서|||||||||||||||||||||||||가끔의|폭발|||급증||||||전쟁|||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||a pesar de|||brotes de violencia|||picos|||||||||| ||||||||||||||||Steven Pinker|Pinker'a|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||wybuchy||||||||||||| We think we live in a violent time, so in terms of reading I would recommend Steven Pinker's book The Better Angels of Our Nature where he clearly documents that society has become less and less violent literally over the last 500 years and it's continuing to become less and less violent, despite the occasional flare ups and spikes such as our two World Wars in the twentieth century. Nous pensons que nous vivons à une époque violente. Pour ce qui est de la lecture, je recommanderais le livre de Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature, qui montre clairement que la société est devenue de moins en moins violente au cours des 500 dernières années et qu'elle continue à le devenir, malgré des poussées et des pics occasionnels tels que les deux guerres mondiales du vingtième siècle. 私たちは暴力的な時代に生きていると思うので、読むという観点から、スティーブン・ピンカーの本「私たちの自然のより良い天使」をお勧めします。 20世紀の2回の世界大戦のように時折フレアアップやスパイクが発生したにもかかわらず、暴力は少なくなりました。 Uważamy, że żyjemy w gwałtownych czasach, więc jeśli chodzi o czytanie, poleciłbym książkę Stevena Pinkera "Lepsze anioły naszej natury", w której jasno udokumentował, że społeczeństwo stało się coraz mniej i mniej gwałtowne dosłownie w ciągu ostatnich 500 lat i nadal staje się coraz mniej i mniej gwałtowne, pomimo sporadycznych wybuchów i wzrostów, takich jak nasze dwie wojny światowe w dwudziestym wieku. It’s interesting that very often this reduction in violence also seems to correspond to a reduction in religiosity, certainly in some of the books I’ve been reading recently here for Stephen Fisher’s benefit. |||||||||||||||||宗教性||||||||||||||| ||||||감소||||||상응하다|||||종교성||||||||||||||피셔의|이익 ||||||redukcja|||||||||||religijność||||||||||||||| 興味深いことに、この暴力の減少は、宗教の減少にも対応しているように思われます。確かに、スティーブン・フィッシャーの利益のために最近ここで読んだ本のいくつかではそうです。 흥미로운 점은 이러한 폭력성의 감소가 종교성의 감소와도 일치하는 경우가 많다는 점인데, 최근 제가 읽은 스티븐 피셔의 몇몇 책에서 이러한 현상이 두드러졌습니다. Ciekawe, że bardzo często to zmniejszenie przemocy wydaje się również odpowiadać na zmniejszenie religijności, z pewnością w niektórych książkach, które ostatnio czytałem dla korzyści Stephena Fishera.

For example, I read a very interesting book which described the life of Frederick the Great of Prussia and Bach. |||||||||||||||el Grande||||Bach Par exemple, j'ai lu un livre très intéressant qui décrivait la vie de Frédéric le Grand de Prusse et de Bach. たとえば、フリードリヒ大王とバッハの生涯を描いた非常に興味深い本を読みました。 예를 들어 프로이센의 프레드릭 대제와 바흐의 삶을 다룬 매우 흥미로운 책을 읽은 적이 있습니다. Na przykład przeczytałem bardzo interesującą książkę, która opisywała życie Fryderyka Wielkiego Pruskiego i Bacha. First of all, through the seventeenth century, that is the sixteen hundreds, Europe went through a period of tremendous violence largely caused by religion, or so it might appear on the surface. |||||열일곱 번째|||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||parece ser|||superficie |||||siedemnastego|||||||||||||||||||||||||| Innanzitutto, nel corso del XVII secolo, cioè nel Cinquecento, l'Europa ha attraversato un periodo di tremenda violenza causata in gran parte dalla religione, o almeno così potrebbe sembrare in apparenza. まず第一に、17世紀、つまり1600年を通して、ヨーロッパは主に宗教によって引き起こされた途方もない暴力の時代を経験しました。 우선, 17세기, 즉 16세기까지 유럽은 표면적으로는 종교로 인한 엄청난 폭력의 시기를 겪었습니다. Przede wszystkim, przez siedemnasty wiek, czyli 1600-ty, Europa przeszła przez okres ogromnej przemocy, w dużej mierze spowodowanej religią, albo przynajmniej tak to może wyglądać na powierzchni. Then when you read the life of Frederick the Great, who was not at all religious, he was inspired by this sense of glory and was going to expand the boundaries of Prussia. |||||||||大帝||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||영광|||||||경계|| |||||||||||||||||||||||gloria|||||||fronteras de Prusia|| それから、まったく宗教的ではなかったフリードリヒ大王の人生を読んだとき、彼はこの栄光の感覚に触発され、プロイセンの境界を拡大しようとしていました。 종교적 신념이 전혀 없었던 프레드릭 대제의 생애를 읽다 보면, 그는 이 영광스러움에 영감을 받아 프로이센의 경계를 넓히려고 했습니다. Kiedy jednak czytasz życie Fryderyka Wielkiego, który wcale nie był religijny, był inspirowany tym poczuciem chwały i zamierzał rozszerzyć granice Prus.

He was someone who was picked on by his father and his father was somewhat militaristic, so he was militaristic. |||||||||||||||군국주의적인|||| Él|||||acosado|||||||||algo|militarista|||| Era uno che veniva preso in giro da suo padre e suo padre era un po' militarista, quindi era militarista. 彼は彼の父に選ばれた人であり、彼の父は幾分軍国主義的だったので、彼は軍国主義的でした。 그는 아버지에게 괴롭힘을 당한 사람이었고, 아버지는 다소 군사주의적이어서 군사주의자였습니다. Był kimś, kogo dręczył jego ojciec, a jego ojciec był w pewnym sensie militarystyczny, więc on też był militarystyczny. So there’s this desire for glory as a motive for violence, which is somewhat less today but still exists and we’ll get that. ||||||||동기||||||||||존재한다|||| ||||||||motyw|||||||||||||| Il y a donc ce désir de gloire comme motif de violence, qui est un peu moins présent aujourd'hui, mais qui existe toujours, et nous y reviendrons. ですから、暴力の動機としての栄光へのこの欲求があります。それは今日ではやや少なくなっていますが、まだ存在しており、私たちはそれを得るでしょう。 따라서 폭력의 동기로서의 영광에 대한 욕망은 오늘날에는 다소 줄어들었지만 여전히 존재하며 우리는 그것을 이해하게 될 것입니다. Tak więc istnieje to pragnienie chwały jako motyw przemocy, które jest dzisiaj nieco mniejsze, ale wciąż istnieje, a my do tego dojdziemy. For example, right now I’m reading a book that covers the year 1848, which was the year of all these revolutions in Europe and describes France in 1848. |||||||||涉及|||||||||||||||| |||||||||다루는|||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||todas estas|||||||| たとえば、今私は1848年をカバーする本を読んでいます。これは、ヨーロッパにおけるこれらすべての革命の年であり、1848年のフランスについて説明しています。 예를 들어, 지금 저는 유럽에서 혁명이 일어난 해인 1848년을 다룬 책을 읽고 있는데, 1848년의 프랑스에 대해 설명하고 있습니다. Na przykład, właśnie teraz czytam książkę, która opisuje rok 1848, który był rokiem wszystkich tych rewolucji w Europie i opisuje Francję w 1848 roku.

The masses in France were very militaristic, they wanted a war. |대중||||||||| |las masas||||||||| フランスの大衆は非常に軍国主義的で、彼らは戦争を望んでいました。 프랑스의 대중은 매우 군사주의적이었고 전쟁을 원했습니다. Masy we Francji były bardzo militarystyczne, chciały wojny. They were hankering back to the days when France conquered all these countries in Europe spreading the revolution and so forth. ||갈망하는 마음|||||||정복한||||||||||| ||tęsknili|||||||||||||||||| ||anhelaban volver a|||||||conquistó||||||propagando|||||y demás cosas Ils avaient la nostalgie de l'époque où la France avait conquis tous ces pays d'Europe en propageant la révolution, etc. Si è tornati indietro ai tempi in cui la Francia conquistava tutti i Paesi europei diffondendo la rivoluzione e così via. 彼らは、フランスがヨーロッパのこれらすべての国を征服し、革命を広めた時代などに思いを馳せていました。 그들은 프랑스가 유럽의 모든 국가를 정복하고 혁명을 전파하던 시절로 돌아가기를 갈망하고 있었습니다. Tęsknili za czasami, gdy Francja podbiła wszystkie kraje w Europie, szerząc rewolucję i tak dalej. The revolutionary masses of France, even in 1848, 35 years after Napoleon had been defeated, were hankering for this past, this sort of nostalgia for glory. |혁명적인||||||||나폴레옹|||패배한|||||||||향수|| ||||||||||||||pragnęły||||||||| ||Las masas revolucionarias||||||||||derrotado||||||||||| ナポレオンが敗北してから35年後の1848年でさえ、フランスの革命大衆はこの過去、この種の栄光への郷愁を切望していました。 나폴레옹이 패배한 지 35년이 지난 1848년에도 프랑스의 혁명 대중은 과거, 즉 영광에 대한 향수를 갈망하고 있었습니다. Rewolucyjne masy Francji, nawet w 1848 roku, 35 lat po pokonaniu Napoleona, tęskniły za przeszłością, za nostalgią za chwałą. Also, I read a book quite recently on the Teutonic Knights and the sort of crusading by mostly German, but Western European (call them crusaders) into the Baltic to convert the Latvians and the Lithuanians to Christianity. |||||||||||||||||||||Western European||||||||||||||| |||||||||투르크|기사단|||||십자군 활동|||||||||십자군|||발트해||개종시키다||라트비아인들|||리투아니아인들||기독교 |||||||||zakonu krzyżackiego||||||krucjaty||||||||||||||nawrócić||Łotysze|||Litwini|| ||||libro|||||Teutónico|Caballeros Teutónicos|||||campañas militares religiosas|||||||||cruzados|||Báltico||||Letones|||Lituanos||cristianismo Par ailleurs, j'ai lu récemment un livre sur les chevaliers teutoniques et sur les croisades menées par des Allemands, pour la plupart, mais aussi par des Européens de l'Ouest, dans la Baltique pour convertir les Lettons et les Lituaniens au christianisme. また、私はごく最近、ドイツ騎士団と、主にドイツ人による十字軍のような本を読みましたが、ラトビア人とリトアニア人をキリスト教に改宗させるために西ヨーロッパ人(十字軍と呼びます)をバルト海に送り込みました。 또한 최근에 튜턴 기사단과 대부분 독일인이지만 서유럽인(십자군이라고 부릅니다)이 라트비아인과 리투아니아 인을 기독교로 개종시키기 위해 발트해로 들어간 일종의 십자군 전쟁에 관한 책을 읽은 적이 있습니다. Czytałem też niedawno książkę o Krzyżakach i krucjatach prowadzonych przez głównie niemieckich, ale zachodnioeuropejskich (nazwijmy ich krzyżowcami) na Bałtyku w celu nawrócenia Łotyszy i Litwinów na chrześcijaństwo.

It’s obvious when you read the wars and the battles at that time in history there was a lot of deceit, deception, lying, violence and the armies would just lay waste to the countryside. |||||||||전투들|||||||||||속임수|속임수|||||군대들||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||oszustwo|oszustwo|||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||engaño|engaño||||||||devastar|devastar||| Il est évident que lorsque vous lisez les guerres et les batailles de cette époque de l'histoire, il y avait beaucoup de tromperie, de mensonge, de violence et les armées ne faisaient que dévaster les campagnes. È ovvio che quando si leggono le guerre e le battaglie di quel periodo storico c'erano molti inganni, menzogne, violenze e gli eserciti si limitavano a devastare le campagne. 歴史の中で当時の戦争や戦いを読んだとき、多くの欺瞞、欺瞞、嘘、暴力があり、軍隊はただ田舎に浪費することは明らかです。 역사에서 당시의 전쟁과 전투를 읽어보면 속임수, 기만, 거짓말, 폭력이 많았고 군대는 시골을 폐허로 만들었음을 알 수 있습니다. Jest oczywiste, że kiedy czytasz o wojnach i bitwach w tamtym czasie w historii, było dużo oszustw, zwodzenia, kłamstw, przemocy, a armie po prostu niszczyły wieś. This was was the pattern right throughout, until very recently, that the armies would live off the countryside and kill, rape and loot at will. ||||||||||||||||||||||약탈하다|| ||||||||||||||||||||||grabić|| ||||patrón||||||||||||||||||saquearon|| Jusqu'à une date très récente, les armées vivaient de la campagne et tuaient, violaient et pillaient à volonté. これは、ごく最近まで、軍隊が田舎に住み、自由に殺し、レイプし、略奪するというパターンでした。 최근까지 군대가 시골에서 살면서 마음대로 살인과 강간, 약탈을 일삼는 것이 바로 이런 패턴이었습니다. To był schemat przez cały czas, aż do bardzo niedawna, że armie żyły z zasobów wiejskich i zabijały, gwałciły i plądrowały według własnej woli. Today, of course, we see this violence in the Islamic government. |||||||||이슬람의| もちろん、今日、私たちはイスラム政府でこの暴力を目にしています。 Dziś, oczywiście, widzimy tę przemoc w rządzie islamskim.

We see Russians streaming into Ukraine to fight. |||흐르는|||| |||napływających|||| |||afluir|||| Nous voyons des Russes affluer en Ukraine pour se battre. 私たちはロシア人が戦うためにウクライナに流れ込んでいるのを見ます。 러시아인들이 우크라이나로 몰려들어 전투를 벌이고 있습니다. Widzimy Rosjan płynących do Ukrainy, by walczyć. They’re not sure, fight for the Orthodox Church, for Russia, against Obama, whatever. |||||||东正教会||||| |||||||||||Obamą| Ils ne sont pas sûrs, ils se battent pour l'Église orthodoxe, pour la Russie, contre Obama, etc. 彼らは確かではありません、正教会のために、ロシアのために、オバマに対して、何でも戦ってください。 그들은 정교회, 러시아, 오바마 등을 위해 싸우는지 잘 모르겠습니다. Nie są pewni, walczą za Kościół prawosławny, za Rosję, przeciwko Obamie, cokolwiek. They want to go there to fight, so at some level there is this desire. Ils veulent y aller pour se battre, donc à un certain niveau, il y a ce désir. 彼らは戦うためにそこに行きたいので、あるレベルでこの欲求があります。 Chcą tam walczyć, więc na pewnym poziomie istnieje takie pragnienie. Whether it be call them Russian jihadists, the jihadists in the Middle East or those militaristic French revolutionaries in 1848, at some level people want to fight for some strange reason; a certain percentage of them. ||||||||지하드 전사|||||||||혁명가들||||||||||||||||| ||||||dżihadyści|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 彼らをロシアのジハード主義者、中東のジハード主義者、または1848年の軍国主義のフランス革命家と呼んでも、あるレベルでは人々は何らかの奇妙な理由で戦いたいと思っています。それらの特定の割合。 러시아 지하디스트, 중동의 지하디스트, 1848년 군국주의 프랑스 혁명가 등 어느 정도 수준에서 사람들은 어떤 이상한 이유로든 싸우고 싶어 합니다. Niezależnie od tego, czy nazywamy ich rosyjskimi dżihadystami, dżihadystami na Bliskim Wschodzie, czy tymi militarystycznymi francuskimi rewolucjonistami w 1848 roku, na pewnym poziomie ludzie chcą walczyć z jakiegoś dziwnego powodu; pewien procent z nich. It’s also leaders. ||los líderes リーダーでもあります。 To także liderzy.

To some extent, Bush’s war on Iraq happened because he had the power to go in there. To|||||||||||||||| |||부시의||||||||||||| ||||||Irak|||||||||| |||wojna Busha||||||||||||| ある程度、ブッシュのイラク戦争は、彼がそこに入る力を持っていたために起こった。 부시의 이라크 전쟁은 어느 정도는 그가 이라크에 들어갈 힘이 있었기 때문에 일어났습니다. Do pewnego stopnia wojna Busha z Irakiem miała miejsce, ponieważ miał on władzę, by tam wkroczyć. He has all these toys, this army, this force and so if people have power they’re likely to use it. ||||||||||||||||probablemente usarán||| ||||zabawki||||||||||||||| Il dispose de tous ces jouets, de cette armée, de cette force, et si les gens ont du pouvoir, ils sont susceptibles de l'utiliser. 彼はこれらすべてのおもちゃ、この軍隊、この力を持っているので、人々が力を持っているなら、彼らはそれを使うでしょう。 그는 이 모든 장난감, 군대, 힘을 가지고 있기 때문에 사람들이 힘을 가지고 있다면 그것을 사용할 가능성이 높습니다. Ma te wszystkie zabawki, tę armię, tę siłę, więc jeśli ludzie mają władzę, prawdopodobnie jej użyją. So, again, the more we read of history I question how much George Bush knew. ですから、繰り返しになりますが、私たちが歴史を読むほど、ジョージ・ブッシュがどれだけ知っていたか疑問に思います。 그래서 다시 한 번 역사를 읽을수록 조지 부시가 얼마나 많은 것을 알고 있었는지 의문이 듭니다. Więc znowu, im więcej czytamy historii, tym bardziej zastanawiam się, ile George Bush wiedział. Maybe he did, maybe he didn’t, I don’t know. Może wiedział, może nie wiedział, nie wiem. You hear some of the statements from people who are aspiring leaders. |||||발언|||||열망하는| ||||||||||aspirujących| |||||declaraciones|||||aspirantes a| Vous entendez certaines déclarations de personnes qui aspirent à devenir des leaders. あなたは、リーダーを志す人々からの声明のいくつかを聞きます。 리더를 꿈꾸는 사람들의 이야기를 들어보세요. Słyszy się niektóre z wypowiedzi ludzi, którzy aspirują do bycia przywódcami. Like Trump, you really question how much he reads. ||||||||읽는지 ||||||||czyta Comme Trump, on se demande vraiment s'il lit beaucoup. Come per Trump, c'è da chiedersi quanto legga. トランプのように、あなたは本当に彼がどれだけ読んでいるか疑問に思います。 Podobnie jak Trump, naprawdę zastanawiasz się, ile czyta. I saw a statement from one of his advisors on foreign affairs called Page, who apparently said that Ukraine is like Quebec or something. |||우크라이나는 퀘벡|||||고문|||외교|||||||||||| |||declaración|||||asesores||asuntos exteriores|asuntos exteriores|||||||||||| 私は彼の外交顧問の一人であるページと呼ばれる声明を見ました。彼は明らかにウクライナはケベックか何かのようだと言っていました。 페이지라는 그의 외교 문제 고문 중 한 명이 우크라이나는 퀘벡 같은 곳이라고 말한 것을 보았습니다. Widziałem wypowiedź jednego z jego doradców ds. zagranicznych, Page'a, który najwyraźniej powiedział, że Ukraina jest jak Quebec czy coś w tym rodzaju. Ukraine, part of Russia, is like Quebec, part of Canada, there is absolutely nothing similar between those situations, so I’m worried. ||||||||||||||||||así que|| L'Ukraine, qui fait partie de la Russie, est comme le Québec, qui fait partie du Canada, il n'y a absolument rien de semblable entre ces deux situations, et je suis donc inquiet. ロシアの一部であるウクライナは、カナダの一部であるケベックのようなものであり、これらの状況の間にはまったく同じようなものはないので、私は心配しています。 러시아의 일부인 우크라이나는 캐나다의 일부인 퀘벡과 비슷한 상황이 전혀 없기 때문에 걱정이 됩니다. Ukraina, część Rosji, jest jak Quebec, część Kanady, nie ma między nimi absolutnie nic podobnego, więc się martwię. Another example of sort of relative ignorance was when Putin, as I mentioned in my previous video, announces to his vast television audience in Russia that Süddeutsche Zeitung, which released the Panama Papers which implicated Putin as well as a whole bunch of other people, was owned by either the CIA or Goldman Sachs. |||||||||||||||||발표한다|||||||||슈피겔|신문|||||||연루된||||||||||||||||CIA||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||publicó||||||||||||un montón|||||propiedad de||||||| ある種の相対的な無知の別の例は、前のビデオで述べたように、プーチンがロシアの彼の広大なテレビ視聴者に、プーチンと他の多くの人々を巻き込んだパナマ文書を発表したSüddeutscheZeitungがCIAまたはゴールドマンサックスのいずれかが所有しています。 상대적 무지의 또 다른 예는 이전 동영상에서 언급했듯이 푸틴이 러시아의 방대한 텔레비전 시청자들에게 푸틴과 다른 많은 사람들이 연루된 파나마 페이퍼를 공개한 쥐트도이체 차이퉁이 CIA나 골드만삭스가 소유하고 있다고 발표했을 때입니다. Innym przykładem względnej ignorancji było to, że Putin, jak wspomniałem w moim poprzednim filmie, ogłosił swojej ogromnej publiczności telewizyjnej w Rosji, że Süddeutsche Zeitung, który opublikował Panama Papers, które wplątały Putina, a także całą grupę innych osób, był własnością CIA lub Goldman Sachs. Другой пример относительного невежества - это когда Путин, как я упоминал в своем предыдущем видео, объявляет своей огромной телеаудитории в России, что Süddeutsche Zeitung, выпустившая Панамские документы, в которых фигурируют Путин, а также целый ряд других людей, были принадлежит ЦРУ или Goldman Sachs.

He subsequently disavowed the statement and said that he was misled by his press secretary. |그 후|부인했다||||||||오해하게 했다||||언론 비서 ||zdementował||||||||wprowadzony w błąd|||| ||desautorizó||||||||engañado|||| その後、彼は声明を否定し、彼の記者秘書に惑わされたと述べた。 이후 그는 이 발언을 부인하며 자신의 공보 비서에게 오해를 받았다고 말했습니다. Następnie zdementował to oświadczenie i powiedział, że został wprowadzony w błąd przez swojego sekretarza prasowego. I ask myself, how can you have an environment (A) where the press secretary would say this to his president and (B) where the president wouldn’t immediately say this is absolute nonsense? ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||절대적인| ||||||||entorno|||||||||||||||||||||||disparate absoluto Je me demande comment on peut avoir un environnement (A) où l'attaché de presse dit cela à son président et (B) où le président ne dit pas immédiatement que c'est un non-sens absolu. (A)報道官が大統領にこれを言うだろう、そして(B)大統領がこれが絶対にナンセンスだとすぐに言わないような環境をどうやって作ることができるだろうか? 어떻게 (A) 공보실장이 대통령에게 이런 말을 할 수 있는 환경이 있고, (B) 대통령이 즉시 말도 안 되는 소리라고 말하지 않을 수 있는 환경이 있을 수 있을까요? Zadaję sobie pytanie, jak można mieć środowisko (A), w którym sekretarz prasowy powiedziałby to swojemu prezydentowi i (B), w którym prezydent nie powiedziałby natychmiast, że to absolutny nonsens? It all comes back to this idea that it’s not necessarily just history, but I think it is important for people to read, to read widely to get a sense of proportion of what is likely historical behavior on the part of people and what is likely to be the reaction. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||역사적인|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||ampliamente||||||||||||comportamiento histórico||||||||||||| Tout cela nous ramène à l'idée qu'il ne s'agit pas nécessairement d'histoire, mais je pense qu'il est important que les gens lisent, qu'ils lisent beaucoup pour avoir une idée de la proportion de ce qui est susceptible d'être un comportement historique de la part des gens et de ce qui est susceptible d'être la réaction. それは必ずしも歴史だけではないという考えに帰着しますが、人々が読むこと、広く読むことは、人々の歴史的行動の可能性と可能性のあるものの比率を理解するために重要だと思います反応になります。 이 모든 것이 꼭 역사만이 아니라는 생각으로 돌아와서, 사람들이 읽고 널리 읽어서 사람들의 역사적 행동과 반응에 대한 비율을 파악하는 것이 중요하다고 생각합니다. Wszystko wraca do idei, że to niekoniecznie tylko historia, ale myślę, że ważne jest, aby ludzie czytali, czytali szeroko, aby mieć poczucie proporcji tego, co jest prawdopodobnym historycznym zachowaniem ze strony ludzi i jaka może być reakcja.

I, therefore, like reading on history. C'est pourquoi j'aime lire sur l'histoire. 그래서 저는 역사를 읽는 것을 좋아합니다. Dlatego lubię czytać o historii. I read in different languages like Frederick the Great, as I said. 앞서 말했듯이 저는 프레드릭 대왕처럼 다양한 언어로 책을 읽었습니다. Czytam w różnych językach, jak Fryderyk Wielki, jak już powiedziałem. I also was able to listen to a description of his life in Italian on [Insert Italian]. また、[イタリア語を挿入]で彼のイタリア語での生活の説明を聞くことができました。 또한 [이탈리아어 삽입]에서 그의 삶에 대한 설명을 이탈리아어로 들을 수 있었습니다. Udało mi się również wysłuchać opisu jego życia w języku włoskim na [Insert Italian]. All I can say is read widely, Stephen Fisher. スティーブン・フィッシャー、私が言えることは広く読まれていることだけです。 제가 말씀드릴 수 있는 것은 널리 읽으라는 것뿐입니다, 스티븐 피셔. Wszystko, co mogę powiedzieć, to czytać szeroko, Stephen Fisher. If there are things happening in the Balkans, I’ll read up on the Balkans. |||||||발칸||||||발칸 バルカン半島で何かが起こっているなら、私はバルカン半島について読みます。 발칸반도에서 무슨 일이 일어나고 있다면 발칸반도에 대해 읽어보겠습니다. Jeśli coś dzieje się na Bałkanach, poczytam o Bałkanach.

I’ll find books on that subject. そのテーマに関する本を見つけます。 I’ve read some histories of Ukraine. |||역사들|| |||historie|| 우크라이나의 역사를 읽었습니다. For example, I just happen to have it handy, The Gates of Europe. ||||||||편리한|||| ||||||||pod ręką|||| ||||||||a la mano|||| Par exemple, il se trouve que je l'ai à portée de main, Les portes de l'Europe. たとえば、私はたまたまそれを手元に置いています、The GatesofEurope。 예를 들어, 저에게는 '유럽의 문'이라는 편리한 앱이 있습니다. Na przykład, tak się składa, że mam ją pod ręką, The Gates of Europe. When I listen to a lot of my [Insert Polish], of course you get a sense of the involvement of Poland with Lithuania and Ukraine. |||||||||폴란드어|||||||||관여||||리투아니아|| ||||||||||||||||||||||Litwa|| [ポーランド語を挿入]をたくさん聞くと、もちろんポーランドがリトアニアやウクライナに関与していることがわかります。 제 [폴란드어 삽입]을 많이 들으면 당연히 폴란드가 리투아니아, 우크라이나에 관여하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있습니다. Kiedy słucham wielu moich [Insert Polish], oczywiście masz poczucie zaangażowania Polski w Litwę i Ukrainę. Go wherever your interest takes you. Allez là où votre intérêt vous porte. あなたの興味があなたを連れて行くところならどこへでも行きなさい。 관심 있는 곳이면 어디든 가세요. Idź tam, gdzie zaprowadzą cię twoje zainteresowania. When I was learning Chinese, I read a lot of Chinese history. 중국어를 배울 때 중국 역사를 많이 읽었습니다. When I first got involved with French when I was only 18 years old, I was totally immersed in French history. ||||||||||||||||몰입한||| 18歳のときに初めてフランス人と関わったとき、私は完全にフランスの歴史に没頭していました。 18살에 프랑스어를 처음 접했을 때 저는 프랑스 역사에 완전히 빠져들었습니다. There are so many books on history and if they can do them through language so much the better. 역사에 관한 책은 정말 많은데, 언어를 통해 이를 전달할 수 있다면 더할 나위 없이 좋겠죠. Jest tak wiele książek na temat historii, a jeśli mogą to zrobić za pomocą języka, tym lepiej.

So just follow your interests and, of course, nowadays you can Google it, find it, download it onto your Kindle and away you go. |||||||||||구글||||||||킨들|||| |||||||||||||||||||Kindle|||| ||||||||hoy en día|||||||||en, a, hacia||Kindle|||| 관심 분야를 따라가다 보면 물론 요즘은 구글에서 검색해서 찾아서 Kindle에 다운로드하면 됩니다. Wystarczy więc podążać za swoimi zainteresowaniami i oczywiście w dzisiejszych czasach można je wygooglować, znaleźć, pobrać na Kindle'a i gotowe. So thank you for listening and just another ramble. ||||||||잡담 ||||||||gawędzenie ||||||||divagación だから、聞いてくれてありがとう。 Dziękuję więc za wysłuchanie i jeszcze raz dziękuję.

Remember, you’ll be able to find this as a lesson, if you’re learning English, at LingQ. Recuerda||||||||||||||en| 영어를 배우고 있다면 LingQ에서 레슨으로 찾을 수 있다는 것을 기억하세요. You can check for the (l-i-n-k) link on how to get to our (L-i-n-g-Q) LingQ lesson. |||||링크|||링크||||||||||||링크|| (LingQ)LingQレッスンへのアクセス方法については、(リンク)リンクを確認してください。 링큐 레슨으로 이동하는 방법은 (l-i-n-k) 링크에서 확인할 수 있습니다. Możesz sprawdzić link (l-i-n-k), jak dostać się do naszej lekcji (L-i-n-g-Q) LingQ. Thank you, bye-bye. Merci, au revoir.