Begin nu met het leren van deze les

BBC - 6 Minute English (YouTube), Learn to talk about names in 6 minutes! - YouTube

Learn to talk about names in 6 minutes! - YouTube

Dan: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.

I'm Dan and joining me today is Neil. Hi Neil.

Neil: Hi there, Dan.

Dan: You're a married man, Neil. When you were wed,

did your wife change her family name?

Neil: Yes she did.

Dan: Was that her choice?

Neil: Oh yes. She didn't like her old name,

so for her it was a win-win. How about you?

Dan: Well, my wife wanted to keep her surname,

but was forced to adopt mine

because that was the law where we got married.

Neil: Would you have thought about taking her name?

Dan: That's what we're talking about in this

6 Minute English. A husband taking a wife's

name after marriage. All that,

six related words and our quiz question.

Neil: OK. Let's have the question.

Dan: In which country has it been forbidden

since 1789 for a citizen to change their name

legally, even after marriage?

Is it a) Japan, b) France or c) Turkey

Neil: I'm going to go for b) France

Dan: And we'll see if you're right later.

Now, traditionally in the UK,

when a man and a woman get married,

the woman takes the man's family name.

And this replaces her maiden name.

Neil: A maiden name is the surname a woman had

before she was married. This all dates

back to the Norman invasion of England, back in 1066.

They introduced the idea that when

a woman married a man, she became his property.

As a result of this, she took his name.

Dan: These days, many women elect to keep

their maiden name upon marriage or combine it

with their new husband's in some way, sometimes

by making the name double-barrelled.

Neil: A double-barrelled name is two names.

that are connected by a hyphen, such as Jones-Smith

Dan: However, a growing number of couples

in western culture are doing it differently.

When they get married,

the husband elects to take the wife's surname.

Neil: In a BBC article about surnames and marriage,

Rory Dearlove, formerly Rory Cook,

talks about why he decided to take his wife's surname.

He said that he wasn't really attached

to his name anyway.

To him it didn't make any difference.

Dan: Well, he's not alone.

A recent study of 2000 UK adults by Opinium,

a strategic insight agency, suggested that one in ten

millennial men, currently between 18 and 34 years old,

fall into this category.

Neil: Charlie Shaw, a Tibetan Buddhist meditation

instructor, who took his wife's name when they

married last year, said that it was an opportunity

to acknowledge the unseen patriarchal

bias and sexism in our society.

Dan: Patriarchal means 'controlled by men'

and a bias is the unfair support or opposition

to a person, thing or idea.

Neil: Many traditional societies were patriarchal.

But modern UK society is less like that.

Everyone is meant to be equal.

Dan: Ah yes, but that's the unseen part.

And there's the social view of things too.

Rachel Robnett, a researcher at the University of

Nevada surveyed a number of people

in the US and UK, and found that the husbands of

of women who keep their maiden names are viewed

as 'feminine', while the women are believed to

'wear the trousers'.

Neil: If you 'wear the trousers' in a relationship,

it means you 'have the control

and make the decisions for both people'.

Dan: I wondered about that,

so I went out into London

and asked people what they thought

about a man who took his wife's name

when they got married. Here's what they said.

Woman: I don't think it's a bad idea at all.

My dad's 55 and he took my mother's surname.

If people want to do it,

then all the power to them.

Man: It's each to their own really.

It doesn't hurt anybody. And it's no different from

a woman taking a man's name.

Woman: The only reason I think that anybody

should take someone else's surname

if just for the creation of a family unit.

But if it's just out of principle, I don't agree.

Dan: It seems that the people I talked to

are comfortable with the idea.

Neil: Yes. Most said that people are free

to do what they want. One woman even mentioned

the creation of a family unit.

Dan: A unit is a group of people living

or working together. A typical family unit would be

two parents and some children.

Well, that answers that question.

People don't seem to mind who takes who's name.

Neil: Speaking of questions.

How about our quiz question?

Dan: I asked you in which country

it's been forbidden since 1789

for a citizen to change their name legally,

even after marriage?

a) Japan, b) France or c) Turkey

Neil: And I said b) France

Dan: And you were spot on as usual, Neil.

Neil: Let's take a look at the vocabulary, shall we?

Dan: First we had maiden name.

This is a woman's family name before she is married.

My mother refused to give up her maiden name

to my father when she got married.

Neil: Then we had double-barrelled.

A double-barrelled name is two names

that are joined by a hyphen.

Can you think of any famous examples?

Dan: Well, there's the Duchess of Cornwall

Camilla Parker-Bowles for one.

She's married to Prince Charles -

next in line to the English throne.

Then we had patriarchal.

If something is patriarchal,

it is controlled by men.

The feminine equivalent is matriarchal,

controlled by women.

Neil: Then we had bias. A bias is unfair support

or opposition to a person, thing or idea.

Dan: Many fans are biased in favour

of their football team.

Then we had wear the trousers.

If you wear the trousers, you have the control

and make the decisions for both people.

Do you wear the trousers in your marriage, Neil?

Neil: Oh, we both wear the trousers in my marriage,

thank you Dan. Then we had unit.

A unit is a group of people living or working

together. Like the BBC Learning English team... or unit!

Dan: And that's the end of this 6 Minute English.

Don't forget to check out our Facebook, Twitter,

Instagram and YouTube pages.

And we'll see you next time. Bye!

Neil: Bye!

Learn to talk about names in 6 minutes! - YouTube Lerne in 6 Minuten, über Namen zu sprechen! - YouTube Aprende a hablar de nombres en 6 minutos - YouTube Apprenez à parler des noms en 6 minutes ! - YouTube 6分間で名前について学ぼう- YouTube 6분 만에 이름에 대해 이야기하는 법을 배워보세요! - 유튜브 Naucz się mówić o imionach w 6 minut! - YouTube Aprender a falar sobre nomes em 6 minutos! - YouTube Научитесь говорить об именах за 6 минут! - YouTube İsimler hakkında konuşmayı 6 dakikada öğrenin! - YouTube Навчіться говорити про імена за 6 хвилин! - YouTube 在 6 分钟内学会谈论名字！- 视频 6 分鐘學會談名字！ - Youtube

Dan: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English.

I'm Dan and joining me today is Neil. Hi Neil. |||beigetreten||||||

Neil: Hi there, Dan. 尼尔：嗨，丹。

Dan: You're a married man, Neil. When you were wed, ||||||Als|||verheiratet |||||||||got married |||||||||żonaty |||||||||casado دن: تو مرد متاهلی هستی، نیل. وقتی ازدواج کردی، Dan : Vous êtes un homme marié, Neil. Quand tu étais marié,

did your wife change her family name? آیا همسر شما نام خانوادگی خود را تغییر داده است؟ Czy twoja żona zmieniła nazwisko?

Neil: Yes she did.

Dan: Was that her choice? دن: این انتخاب او بود؟ 丹：这是她的选择吗？

Neil: Oh yes. She didn't like her old name,

so for her it was a win-win. How about you? بنابراین برای او این یک برد-برد بود. در مورد شما چطور؟ więc dla niej była to wygrana-wygrana. A ty?

Dan: Well, my wife wanted to keep her surname, ||||||||Nachname ||||||||sobrenome دن: خب، همسرم می خواست نام خانوادگی خود را حفظ کند، Dan : Eh bien, ma femme voulait garder son nom de famille,

but was forced to adopt mine ||gezwungen||| ||mas foi forçado a adotar o meu||adotar| mais a été forcé d'adopter le mien ale został zmuszony do przyjęcia mojego 但被迫采用我的

because that was the law where we got married. 因为这是我们结婚地的法律。

Neil: Would you have thought about taking her name? ||||pensado||pegando|| نیل: آیا به این فکر می کردی که نام او را ببری؟ Neil : Auriez-vous pensé à prendre son nom ? 尼尔：你会考虑用她的名字吗？

Dan: That's what we're talking about in this

6 Minute English. A husband taking a wife's 6 دقیقه انگلیسی شوهر گرفتن زن 6分钟英语。丈夫带走妻子的

name after marriage. All that, ||Name nach Heirat|| ||casamento||

six related words and our quiz question. شش کلمه مرتبط و سوال مسابقه ما.

Neil: OK. Let's have the question.

Dan: In which country has it been forbidden |||país||||proibido Dan : Dans quel pays est-ce interdit ?

since 1789 for a citizen to change their name |||Bürger|||| depuis 1789 pour qu'un citoyen change de nom

legally, even after marriage? legalmente||| légalement, même après le mariage ? legalnie, nawet po ślubie?

Is it a) Japan, b) France or c) Turkey

Neil: I'm going to go for b) France

Dan: And we'll see if you're right later.

Now, traditionally in the UK, |tradicionalmente|||

when a man and a woman get married, wenn||Mann||||heiraten| kiedy mężczyzna i kobieta biorą ślub,

the woman takes the man's family name.

And this replaces her maiden name. ||ersetzt||Mädchenname| ||||unmarried surname| ||substitui||de solteira| Et cela remplace son nom de jeune fille. I to zastępuje jej nazwisko panieńskie. 这取代了她的娘家姓。

Neil: A maiden name is the surname a woman had ||de solteira||||sobrenome||| Neil : Un nom de jeune fille est le nom de famille qu'une femme avait

before she was married. This all dates avant qu'elle ne soit mariée. Tout cela date

back to the Norman invasion of England, back in 1066. |||Norman people||||| |||normando||||| retour à l'invasion normande de l'Angleterre, en 1066.

They introduced the idea that when |einführte|||| Wprowadzili pomysł, że kiedy

a woman married a man, she became his property. |||||sie|||Eigentum ||||||tornou-se||

As a result of this, she took his name.

Dan: These days, many women elect to keep |||||wählen|| |||||optam|| Dan : Ces jours-ci, beaucoup de femmes choisissent de garder 丹：如今，许多女性选择保留

their maiden name upon marriage or combine it |||bei|||kombinieren| ||||||hyphenate| |||ao se casar|casamento||| leur nom de jeune fille lors du mariage ou le combiner 结婚时的婚前姓氏或将其合并

with their new husband's in some way, sometimes avec leur nouveau mari d'une manière ou d'une autre, parfois 有时以某种方式与他们的新丈夫

by making the name double-barrelled. ||||doppelt-barreliert|doppelnamig gemacht |||||hyphenated or combined |||||deixando o nome duplo-barrelled. en rendant le nom à double canon. 通过使名称具有双重含义。

Neil: A double-barrelled name is two names. |||doppelnamig|||| 尼尔：双管名字是两个名字。

that are connected by a hyphen, such as Jones-Smith |||||Bindestrich|||| |||||hyphenated name|||| |||||hífen|||| qui sont reliés par un trait d'union, comme Jones-Smith

Dan: However, a growing number of couples ||||||partners |||um número crescente|||casais 丹：然而，越来越多的夫妻

in western culture are doing it differently. |ocidental|||||

When they get married,

the husband elects to take the wife's surname. ||wählt aus||||| ||chooses||||| ||wybiera||||| ||escolhe||||| le mari choisit de prendre le nom de famille de la femme. mąż decyduje się przyjąć nazwisko żony.

Neil: In a BBC article about surnames and marriage,

Rory Dearlove, formerly Rory Cook, ||ehemals|| |Beloved or cherished||| ||anteriormente||

talks about why he decided to take his wife's surname. درباره اینکه چرا تصمیم گرفت نام خانوادگی همسرش را بگیرد صحبت می کند.

He said that he wasn't really attached ||||||verbunden ||||||ligado Dia mengatakan bahwa dia tidak benar-benar terikat 他说他并没有真正依恋

to his name anyway. |||de qualquer forma به هر حال به نام او

To him it didn't make any difference. Для него это не имело никакого значения. 对他来说这并没有什么区别。

Dan: Well, he's not alone.

A recent study of 2000 UK adults by Opinium, |eine aktuelle||||||Opinium |||||||research company |||||||Opinium Nedávná studie společnosti Opinium, které se zúčastnilo 2000 dospělých ve Velké Británii, مطالعه اخیر روی 2000 بزرگسال بریتانیایی توسط Opinium، Opinium 最近对 2000 名英国成年人进行了一项研究，

a strategic insight agency, suggested that one in ten |strategisch|Erkenntnis|||||| ||strategic understanding|||||| ||agência de insights|||||| strategická agentura, naznačila, že každý desátý une agence d'analyse stratégique, a suggéré qu'un sur dix 一家战略洞察机构表示，十分之一

millennial men, currently between 18 and 34 years old, Millennials|||||| young adult|||||| milenialowy|||||| milleniais|||||| muži v miléniu, kterým je v současné době 18 až 34 let, les hommes du millénaire, actuellement âgés de 18 à 34 ans, tysiącletnich mężczyzn, obecnie w wieku od 18 do 34 lat,

fall into this category. |dentro de|| spadají do této kategorie. 都属于这一类。

Neil: Charlie Shaw, a Tibetan Buddhist meditation ||||tibetana|budista tibetana|meditação Neil：Charlie Shaw，藏传佛教冥想

instructor, who took his wife's name when they instruktor, który przyjął nazwisko swojej żony, kiedy razem

married last year, said that it was an opportunity ||||||||Gelegenheit ożenił się w zeszłym roku, powiedział, że była to okazja

to acknowledge the unseen patriarchal |anerkennen||unsichtbar|patriarchalisch ||||male-dominated system ||||patriarchalny |reconhecer|o|reconhecer o patriarcado invisível|patriarcal reconnaître le patriarcat invisible 承认看不见的父权制

bias and sexism in our society. viés||sexismo|||

Dan: Patriarchal means 'controlled by men' |Patriarcal|significa|||

and a bias is the unfair support or opposition ||Voreingenommenheit||||||Opposition ||Unfair preference|||||| ||viés injusto|||injusto|apoio injusto|| et un parti pris est le soutien ou l'opposition injuste

to a person, thing or idea.

Neil: Many traditional societies were patriarchal. Neil: Mnoho tradičních společností bylo patriarchálních.

But modern UK society is less like that. |||moderne britische Gesellschaft|||| |||||menos assim|| Moderní britská společnost je však taková méně. Ale współczesne społeczeństwo brytyjskie jest mniej podobne. 但现代英国社会已不再如此。

Everyone is meant to be equal. ||gemeint||| ||intended||| Todos||||| Všichni si mají být rovni. Tout le monde est censé être égal. 每个人都应该是平等的。

Dan: Ah yes, but that's the unseen part. ||||||parte invisível| Dan: Ach ano, ale to je ta neviditelná část. 丹：啊，是的，但那是看不见的部分。

And there's the social view of things too. A je tu také sociální pohled na věc. 此外，还有社会观点。

Rachel Robnett, a researcher at the University of |Rachel Robnett|||||| |||pesquisadora|||| Rachel Robnettová, výzkumná pracovnice na University of

Nevada surveyed a number of people |befragte|||| |przesłuchała|||| |entrevistou|||| Nevada provedla průzkum u řady lidí Le Nevada a interrogé un certain nombre de personnes

in the US and UK, and found that the husbands of v USA a ve Velké Británii a zjistili, že manželé

of women who keep their maiden names are viewed |||behalten||||| ||||||||perceived |||||mulheres que mantêm seus sobrenomes de solteiras||| žen, které si ponechávají dívčí příjmení. des femmes qui gardent leur nom de jeune fille sont vues

as 'feminine', while the women are believed to |weiblich|während||||| |feminina|||||consideradas| jako "ženské", zatímco ženy jsou považovány za "ženské". comme "féminin", alors que les femmes sont censées sebagai 'feminin', sedangkan para wanita dipercayai 被认为是“女性化的”，而女性则被认为

'wear the trousers'. ||mandar (usar as calças) "nosit kalhoty". ‘穿上裤子’。

Neil: If you 'wear the trousers' in a relationship, Neil : Si vous "portez le pantalon" dans une relation,

it means you 'have the control |significa||||

and make the decisions for both people'.

Dan: I wondered about that, ||wunderte mich|| Dan: To mě zajímalo, Dan : Je me suis posé la question, 丹：我对此很好奇，

so I went out into London |ich|||| tak jsem se vydal do Londýna alors je suis allé à Londres 所以我去了伦敦

and asked people what they thought

about a man who took his wife's name 关于一个男人取了妻子的姓氏

when they got married. Here's what they said.

Woman: I don't think it's a bad idea at all. 女人：我认为这根本不是一个坏主意。

My dad's 55 and he took my mother's surname. Mon père a 55 ans et il a pris le nom de famille de ma mère. 我爸爸55岁了，他随了我妈妈的姓。

If people want to do it, Si les gens veulent le faire,

then all the power to them. ||die|||ihnen pak jim přeji hodně sil. alors tout le pouvoir à eux. 那么所有的权力都归于他们。

Man: It's each to their own really. |||||jeder wie er will|wirklich Muž: Každý si to přebere sám. Homme : C'est vraiment chacun son truc. 男人：其实，每个人都有自己的想法。

It doesn't hurt anybody. And it's no different from |||ninguém||||| Nikomu to neublíží. A nijak se neliší od

a woman taking a man's name.

Woman: The only reason I think that anybody Žena: Jediný důvod, proč si myslím, že někdo 女性女: 私が思う唯一の理由は

should take someone else's surname by si měl vzít příjmení někoho jiného devrait prendre le nom de famille de quelqu'un d'autre 他人の姓を名乗るべきだ应该取别人的姓氏

if just for the creation of a family unit. i kdyby jen kvůli vytvoření rodinné jednotky. 如果只是为了建立一个家庭单位。

But if it's just out of principle, I don't agree. |Aber wenn|||aus Prinzip||||| ||||||princípio||| Ale pokud je to jen z principu, nesouhlasím. 但如果只是出于原则，我不同意。

Dan: It seems that the people I talked to Dan: Zdá se, že lidé, se kterými jsem mluvil.

are comfortable with the idea. jsou s touto myšlenkou spokojeni.

Neil: Yes. Most said that people are free Neil: Ano. Většina lidí říká, že jsou svobodní.

to do what they want. One woman even mentioned ||||||||erwähnte ||||||||brought up dělat, co chtějí. Jedna žena dokonce zmínila. faire ce qu'ils veulent. Une femme a même mentionné

the creation of a family unit. |Gründung einer Familie|||| vytvoření rodinné jednotky.

Dan: A unit is a group of people living Dan: Jednotka je skupina lidí, kteří žijí

or working together. A typical family unit would be

two parents and some children.

Well, that answers that question. To je odpověď na tuto otázku.

People don't seem to mind who takes who's name. |nicht|||sich kümmern|||| Zdá se, že lidem nevadí, kdo si vezme čí jméno. Es scheint niemanden zu kümmern, wer wessen Namen annimmt. Les gens ne semblent pas se soucier de qui prend le nom de qui.

Neil: Speaking of questions. Neil: Když už mluvíme o otázkách. Neil: Wenn wir schon von Fragen sprechen.

How about our quiz question? Wie wäre es mit unserer Quizfrage?

Dan: I asked you in which country Dan: Pytałem, w którym kraju

it's been forbidden since 1789 ||proibido| je to zakázáno od roku 1789.

for a citizen to change their name legally, pro občana, aby si mohl legálně změnit jméno, aby obywatel mógł legalnie zmienić nazwisko,

even after marriage? i po svatbě?

a) Japan, b) France or c) Turkey

Neil: And I said b) France

Dan: And you were spot on as usual, Neil. ||du|||||| Dan: A jako obvykle jsi měl pravdu, Neile. Dan : Et tu étais sur place comme d'habitude, Neil. ダン：そして、いつものように的確だったね、ニール。 Дэн: И ты, как всегда, попал в точку, Нил. 丹：尼尔，你和往常一样表现得很好。

Neil: Let's take a look at the vocabulary, shall we? Neil: Podívejme se na slovní zásobu, ano?

Dan: First we had maiden name.

This is a woman's family name before she is married.

My mother refused to give up her maiden name Meine|||||||| Ma mère a refusé de donner son nom de jeune fille

to my father when she got married. à mon père quand elle s'est mariée.

Neil: Then we had double-barrelled. |||||de dois canos Neil : Ensuite, nous avons eu un double coup.

A double-barrelled name is two names

that are joined by a hyphen. ||verbunden|||Bindestrich |||||connected by hyphen

Can you think of any famous examples?

Dan: Well, there's the Duchess of Cornwall ||||Herzogin von Cornwall|| ||||noblewoman||British title ||||duquesa||

Camilla Parker-Bowles for one. Duchess of Cornwall||married surname||

She's married to Prince Charles -

next in line to the English throne. ||||||Thron

Then we had patriarchal. |||male-dominated

If something is patriarchal,

it is controlled by men.

The feminine equivalent is matriarchal, ||äquivalent||matriarchal ||counterpart||female-led society ||||matriarcal

controlled by women.

Neil: Then we had bias. A bias is unfair support ||||unfair preference||||| ||||viés injusto||||| Neil: Pak jsme měli předsudky. Předpojatost je nespravedlivá podpora Neil : Ensuite, nous avions un parti pris. Un parti pris est un soutien injuste Нил: Тогда у нас было предубеждение. Предвзятость - это несправедливая поддержка

or opposition to a person, thing or idea. |Opposition|||||| nebo odpor k osobě, věci či myšlence. 人、物、考えに対する反対。

Dan: Many fans are biased in favour ||||||supporting ||fãs||parciais||favor Dan: Mnoho fanoušků je zaujatých ve prospěch Dan : de nombreux fans sont partisans ダン：多くのファンは賛成に偏っている

of their football team. jejich fotbalového týmu.

Then we had wear the trousers.

If you wear the trousers, you have the control ||tragen||||||

and make the decisions for both people.

Do you wear the trousers in your marriage, Neil?

Neil: Oh, we both wear the trousers in my marriage, 尼尔：哦，在我的婚姻中，我们双方都占主导地位，

thank you Dan. Then we had unit. Děkuji, Dane. Pak jsme měli jednotku.

A unit is a group of people living or working Jednotka je skupina lidí, kteří žijí nebo pracují.

together. Like the BBC Learning English team... or unit! as one|||||||| společně. Jako tým BBC Learning English... nebo jednotka!

Dan: And that's the end of this 6 Minute English.

Don't forget to check out our Facebook, Twitter,

Instagram and YouTube pages. Instagram i YouTube.

And we'll see you next time. Bye!

Neil: Bye!