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E-Books (english-e-reader), Climate Change (1-4) (2)

Climate Change (1-4) (2)

Many people already know about the polar bear and the problems it now has in its habitat, the Arctic. The Arctic ice is melting. This makes catching seals to eat very difficult for polar bears, because they walk on the ice to do this.

Polar bears are not the only animals at risk from the warming of the Earth. All over the world, there are other animals that could become extinct because of climate change. Many others will find life much more difficult. Many of Australia's animals have lost their habitats because of climate change. These animals include the yellow-footed rock wallaby, the golden-shouldered parrot and Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo.

Many of our medicines, and all the plants and animals we use for food, come from the natural world. In the future, we may not have the large numbers of different animals and plants that we see on Earth today. This will make the world a poorer and sadder place for the people living on Earth in the future.

The effects on companies and communities

Some companies and communities are already seeing the bad effects of climate change and extreme weather.

People buy insurance to protect their homes if something bad happens. But it is going to become more difficult for these companies to give insurance against floods, for example. When floods happen more often, the cost of insurance increases. Insurance companies will find it more and more difficult to protect these homes because it costs so much money.

Food and water companies are also seeing the effects of droughts, floods and other extreme weather, and these effects are increasing. In 2011, there was an extreme drought in Texas, in the United States of America. Many farms could not grow food, or grass for cows, because there was no rain. The farmers lost billions of dollars because they had no food to sell.

Other companies make electricity using the water moving in rivers. But when there are lower amounts of water in these rivers, they cannot make the electricity they need. This has been a big problem for many communities in Brazil.

All of these things can make the price of insurance, food, water and energy go up. Doing nothing to stop climate change now may make prices higher for companies and for people in the future.

Many companies are now trying to stop climate change and the warming of the Earth. They are trying to find ways that the world can grow and develop without putting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Together, companies are working towards a future that makes money, but does not damage the Earth.

Finding ways to live in our warmer world and to stop the temperature increasing could mean more jobs and a better future for communities.

CHAPTER FOUR

Climate change, then and now

Climate change in the past

The Earth's climate has always changed, and this has had a huge effect on life on Earth.

Over millions of years, the climate has changed many times. It has been very, very cold, with lots of snow and ice everywhere. It has also been very, very hot, with forests of trees growing in the Arctic and Antarctica.

For the past 2.6 million years, the Earth has always had some ice in the Arctic and Antarctica. But the climate has changed in a pattern - sometimes warmer and sometimes colder. This pattern comes from the natural changes in the way the Earth moves around the Sun.

There have been many "Ice Ages" in the Earth's past. At these times, there was a large amount of ice over North America, Europe and Asia. The amount of ice was last at its largest about 22,000 years ago. At this time, the sea levels across the Earth were about 130 metres lower than they are today. There were fewer people in the world then, and scientists think that there were only about 130,000 people living in Europe.

Between the Ice Ages, the Earth was warmer, and there was not as much ice. At these times, the sea levels were higher, and there were different plants and animals living on the Earth.

At the end of the last Ice Age, there were fast and extreme changes in the climate that, together with people killing animals to eat, may be the reason why the woolly mammoth became extinct.

Climate change today

Many scientists study the climate and climate change. Their studies show that people are the biggest cause of climate change today. Many of the things that people do increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and it is these gases that are making the temperature of the Earth increase.

More greenhouses gases in the atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and others - mean more of the energy we get from the Sun cannot leave the Earth. This makes the Earth warmer.

Plants and animals take carbon (C) from the atmosphere. These plants and animals then die, and their bodies go into the ground. Over millions of years, the bodies of plants and animals can become fossil fuels. People then burn these fossil fuels in their homes, in factories, and in cars, buses and planes. When we burn fossil fuels, the carbon inside them is put back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

People do many other things that put greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Cutting down trees in forests (deforestation), growing food and keeping animals on farms, and making things in factories all increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere.

Across the world, levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are over 45 percent higher than in 1750. In 1750, there were about 280 parts per million. But, in June 2016, even at the Halley Research Station in Antarctica there were high levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere - over 400 parts per million.

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Climate Change (1-4) (2) Klimawandel (1-4) (2) Cambio climático (1-4) (2) Changement climatique (1-4) (2) 気候変動 (1-4) (2) 기후 변화(1-4) (2) Zmiana klimatu (1-4) (2) Alterações climáticas (1-4) (2) İklim Değişikliği (1-4) (2) Зміна клімату (1-4) (2) 气候变化 (1-4) (2)

Many people already know about the polar bear and the problems it now has in its habitat, the Arctic. 많은 사람들이 북극곰과 북극곰의 서식지인 북극에서 현재 겪고 있는 문제에 대해 이미 알고 있습니다. Многие люди уже знают о белом медведе и проблемах, с которыми он столкнулся в своей среде обитания, в Арктике. The Arctic ice is melting. This makes catching seals to eat very difficult for polar bears, because they walk on the ice to do this. ||capturar|focas||||||||||||||||

Polar bears are not the only animals at risk from the warming of the Earth. All over the world, there are other animals that could become extinct because of climate change. Many others will find life much more difficult. Many of Australia's animals have lost their habitats because of climate change. ||da Austrália||||||||| These animals include the yellow-footed rock wallaby, the golden-shouldered parrot and Lumholtz's tree-kangaroo. |||||||||||||de Lumholtz||

Many of our medicines, and all the plants and animals we use for food, come from the natural world. 우리가 사용하는 많은 의약품과 식품으로 사용하는 모든 식물과 동물은 자연계에서 얻습니다. In the future, we may not have the large numbers of different animals and plants that we see on Earth today. 미래에는 오늘날 지구에서 볼 수 있는 다양한 동식물의 수가 많지 않을 수도 있습니다. This will make the world a poorer and sadder place for the people living on Earth in the future. ||||||||mais triste|||||||||| 이것은 미래에 지구에 사는 사람들에게 세상을 더 가난하고 슬픈 곳으로 만들 것입니다.

The effects on companies and communities

Some companies and communities are already seeing the bad effects of climate change and extreme weather. 일부 기업과 지역사회는 이미 기후 변화와 기상이변으로 인한 악영향을 체감하고 있습니다.

People buy insurance to protect their homes if something bad happens. ||seguro|||||||| But it is going to become more difficult for these companies to give insurance against floods, for example. When floods happen more often, the cost of insurance increases. ||||||||seguro| Insurance companies will find it more and more difficult to protect these homes because it costs so much money. 보험 회사는 비용이 너무 많이 들기 때문에 이러한 주택을 보호하는 것이 점점 더 어려워질 것입니다.

Food and water companies are also seeing the effects of droughts, floods and other extreme weather, and these effects are increasing. 식품 및 식수 기업들도 가뭄, 홍수 및 기타 기상이변의 영향을 받고 있으며, 이러한 영향은 점점 더 커지고 있습니다. In 2011, there was an extreme drought in Texas, in the United States of America. |||||seca|||||||| Many farms could not grow food, or grass for cows, because there was no rain. The farmers lost billions of dollars because they had no food to sell.

Other companies make electricity using the water moving in rivers. But when there are lower amounts of water in these rivers, they cannot make the electricity they need. This has been a big problem for many communities in Brazil.

All of these things can make the price of insurance, food, water and energy go up. Doing nothing to stop climate change now may make prices higher for companies and for people in the future. 지금 기후 변화를 막기 위해 아무것도 하지 않으면 미래에는 기업과 사람들의 물가가 더 높아질 수 있습니다.

Many companies are now trying to stop climate change and the warming of the Earth. They are trying to find ways that the world can grow and develop without putting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Together, companies are working towards a future that makes money, but does not damage the Earth. 기업들은 함께 돈을 벌면서도 지구를 훼손하지 않는 미래를 위해 노력하고 있습니다.

Finding ways to live in our warmer world and to stop the temperature increasing could mean more jobs and a better future for communities. 더 따뜻한 세상에서 살 수 있는 방법을 찾고 기온 상승을 막는다면 더 많은 일자리와 지역사회의 더 나은 미래를 기대할 수 있습니다.

CHAPTER FOUR

Climate change, then and now

Climate change in the past

The Earth's climate has always changed, and this has had a huge effect on life on Earth. 지구의 기후는 항상 변화해 왔으며, 이는 지구의 생명체에 큰 영향을 미쳤습니다.

Over millions of years, the climate has changed many times. It has been very, very cold, with lots of snow and ice everywhere. It has also been very, very hot, with forests of trees growing in the Arctic and Antarctica.

For the past 2.6 million years, the Earth has always had some ice in the Arctic and Antarctica. But the climate has changed in a pattern - sometimes warmer and sometimes colder. This pattern comes from the natural changes in the way the Earth moves around the Sun. 이 패턴은 지구가 태양 주위를 이동하는 방식의 자연스러운 변화에서 비롯됩니다.

There have been many "Ice Ages" in the Earth's past. 지구의 과거에는 많은 '빙하기'가 있었습니다. At these times, there was a large amount of ice over North America, Europe and Asia. The amount of ice was last at its largest about 22,000 years ago. 얼음의 양이 가장 많았던 시기는 약 22,000년 전이었습니다. At this time, the sea levels across the Earth were about 130 metres lower than they are today. 당시 지구 전체의 해수면은 지금보다 약 130미터 정도 낮았습니다. There were fewer people in the world then, and scientists think that there were only about 130,000 people living in Europe.

Between the Ice Ages, the Earth was warmer, and there was not as much ice. 빙하기 사이에는 지구가 더 따뜻했고 얼음이 많지 않았습니다. At these times, the sea levels were higher, and there were different plants and animals living on the Earth.

At the end of the last Ice Age, there were fast and extreme changes in the climate that, together with people killing animals to eat, may be the reason why the woolly mammoth became extinct. 마지막 빙하기 말기에는 기후가 급격하고 극단적으로 변화했는데, 이는 사람들이 동물을 잡아먹는 것과 함께 양털 매머드가 멸종한 이유일 수 있습니다.

Climate change today

Many scientists study the climate and climate change. Their studies show that people are the biggest cause of climate change today. Many of the things that people do increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and it is these gases that are making the temperature of the Earth increase.

More greenhouses gases in the atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and others - mean more of the energy we get from the Sun cannot leave the Earth. |||||||||||óxido nitroso||||||||||||||||||| 대기 중 이산화탄소(CO2), 메탄(CH4), 아산화질소(N2O) 등 온실 가스가 많을수록 태양으로부터 얻는 에너지가 지구를 떠나지 못한다는 뜻입니다. This makes the Earth warmer.

Plants and animals take carbon (C) from the atmosphere. These plants and animals then die, and their bodies go into the ground. 그런 다음 이 식물과 동물은 죽고 시체는 땅속으로 들어갑니다. Over millions of years, the bodies of plants and animals can become fossil fuels. People then burn these fossil fuels in their homes, in factories, and in cars, buses and planes. When we burn fossil fuels, the carbon inside them is put back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

People do many other things that put greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Cutting down trees in forests (deforestation), growing food and keeping animals on farms, and making things in factories all increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere.

Across the world, levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are over 45 percent higher than in 1750. In 1750, there were about 280 parts per million. 1750년에는 약 280만 분의 1이 있었습니다. But, in June 2016, even at the Halley Research Station in Antarctica there were high levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere - over 400 parts per million. ||||||Halley|||||||||||||||||| 하지만 2016년 6월, 남극의 핼리 연구기지에서도 대기 중 이산화탄소 농도가 400ppm이 넘는 높은 수치를 기록했습니다.