Julian Treasure: 5 ways to listen better Julian Treasure: 5 Wege zum besseren Zuhören Julian Treasure: 5 maneras de escuchar mejor Julian Treasure : 5 façons de mieux écouter ジュリアン・トレジャー：上手に聴くための5つの方法 줄리안 트레저: 더 잘 듣는 5가지 방법 Julian Treasure: 5 būdai, kaip geriau klausytis Julian Treasure: 5 maneiras de ouvir melhor Джулиан Трежер: 5 способов слушать лучше Julian Treasure: Daha iyi dinlemenin 5 yolu Скарб Джуліана: 5 способів краще слухати 朱利安-宝藏：更好地倾听的 5 种方法 朱利安-宝藏：更好地倾听的 5 种方法

0:11

We are losing our listening. We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening, but we’re not very good at it. We retain just 25 percent of what we hear. |удерживаем|||||| |保持する|||||| Now not you, not this talk, but that is generally true. Let’s define listening as making meaning from sound. |определим|слушание||||| It’s a mental process, and it’s a process of extraction. |||||||||抽出 这是一个心理过程，也是一个提取的过程。

0:34

We use some pretty cool techniques to do this. One of them is pattern recognition. ||||распознавание шаб| (Crowd Noise) So in a cocktail party like this, if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention," some of you just sat up. |||||коктейльной||||||||Сара|||||||| We recognize patterns to distinguish noise from signal, and especially our name. ||||区別する||||||| Differencing is another technique we use. разностное вычисление||другой||| If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes, you would literally cease to hear it. |||||||||||||||||перестанете||| |||||||||||||||||聞こえなくなる||| Si dejara este ruido rosa durante más de un par de minutos, literalmente dejarías de escucharlo. Если бы я оставил этот розовый шум включенным более чем на пару минут, вы бы буквально перестали его слышать. We listen to differences, we discount sounds that remain the same. |||||pomijamy||||| Escuchamos las diferencias, descartamos los sonidos que siguen siendo los mismos. Мы слушаем различия, а звуки, которые остаются неизменными, отбрасываем.

1:03

And then there is a whole range of filters. Y luego hay toda una gama de filtros. These filters take us from all sound down to what we pay attention to. Estos filtros nos llevan desde todos los sonidos hasta aquello a lo que prestamos atención. Most people are entirely unconscious of these filters. ||||неосознанны||| ||||無意識||| But they actually create our reality in a way, because they tell us what we’re paying attention to right now. Pero en realidad crean nuestra realidad de alguna manera, porque nos dicen a qué estamos prestando atención en este momento. 但它们实际上以某种方式创造了我们的现实，因为它们告诉我们现在正在关注什么。 Give you one example of that: Intention is very important in sound, in listening. When I married my wife, I promised her that I would listen to her every day as if for the first time. Cuando me casé con mi esposa, le prometí que la escucharía todos los días como si fuera la primera vez. Now that’s something I fall short of on a daily basis. ||||||||||основе ||||nie spełniam|||||| Eso es algo que me falta a diario. 现在这是我每天都做不到的事情。 (Laughter) But it’s a great intention to have in a relationship. (Risas) Pero es una gran intención tener una relación. （笑声）但是建立一段关系是一个伟大的意图。

1:40

But that’s not all. Pero eso no es todo. Sound places us in space and in time. El sonido nos sitúa en el espacio y en el tiempo. If you close your eyes right now in this room, you’re aware of the size of the room from the reverberation and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces. ||||||||||||||||||||реверация||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||echoing sound reflections||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||残響|||反響|||||| Si cierras los ojos ahora mismo en esta habitación, eres consciente del tamaño de la habitación por la reverberación y el rebote del sonido en las superficies. 如果你现在在这个房间里闭上眼睛，你就会从混响和声音从表面的弹跳中意识到房间的大小。 And you’re aware of how many people are around you because of the micro-noises you’re receiving. Y eres consciente de cuántas personas hay a tu alrededor debido a los microruidos que estás recibiendo. And sound places us in time as well, because sound always has time embedded in it. |||||||||||||contained within it|| |||||||||||||埋め込ま|| Y el sonido también nos sitúa en el tiempo, porque el sonido siempre lleva incrustado el tiempo. In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way that we experience the flow of time from past to future. De hecho, sugeriría que nuestra escucha es la forma principal en que experimentamos el flujo del tiempo del pasado al futuro. На самом деле, я бы предположил, что наше слушание - это основной способ, с помощью которого мы ощущаем течение времени из прошлого в будущее. 事实上，我认为我们的聆听是我们体验从过去到未来的时间流动的主要方式。 So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote. |Звучность||||||| |Resonance and significance||||||| |音響性||||||| Entonces, "La sonoridad es tiempo y significado", una gran cita. 2:14

I said at the beginning, we’re losing our listening. Dije al principio, estamos perdiendo nuestra capacidad de escuchar. Why did I say that? Well there are a lot of reasons for this. First of all, we invented ways of recording -- first writing, then audio recording and now video recording as well. ||||изобрели|||||||||||||| The premium on accurate and careful listening has simply disappeared. |||||||||исчезла |znaczenie|||||||| Secondly, the world is now so noisy, (Noise) with this cacophony going on visually and auditorily, it’s just hard to listen; it’s tiring to listen. |||||||||||||визуально||аудиально||||||||| ||||||||||chaotic noise|||||through hearing||||||||| ||||||||||騒音|||||聴覚的に|||||||疲れる|| Many people take refuge in headphones, but they turn big, public spaces like this, shared soundscapes, into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles. |||убежище||||||||||||звуковые ланд||||||||звуковые пузы |||||||||||||||shared audio environments|||||||| |||避難所|||||||||||||||||||| In this scenario, nobody’s listening to anybody.

2:58

We’re becoming impatient. ||イライラしている We don’t want oratory anymore, we want sound bites. ||||||||краткие выска |||lengthy speeches||||| |||演説||||| And the art of conversation is being replaced -- dangerously, I think -- by personal broadcasting. I don’t know how much listening there is in this conversation, which is sadly very common, especially in the U.K. |||||||||||||к сожалению||||||| Я не знаю, насколько можно слушать этот разговор, который, к сожалению, очень распространен, особенно в Великобритании. We’re becoming desensitized. ||недостаточно чувствительными ||emotionally numb ||鈍感になって ||odczuleni Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines in order to get our attention. Чтобы привлечь наше внимание, средства массовой информации вынуждены кричать на нас подобными заголовками. And that means it’s harder for us to pay attention to the quiet, the subtle, the understated. ||||||||||||||||сдержанный ||||||||||||||nuanced||not obvious А это значит, что нам труднее обращать внимание на тихое, тонкое, недосказанное.

3:31

This is a serious problem that we’re losing our listening. This is not trivial. |||些細な Because listening is our access to understanding. Ведь умение слушать - это наш путь к пониманию. Conscious listening always creates understanding. And only without conscious listening can these things happen -- a world where we don’t listen to each other at all, is a very scary place indeed. So I’d like to share with you five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you, to improve your own conscious listening. Would you like that?

4:03

(Audience: Yes.) Good.

4:05

The first one is silence. Just three minutes a day of silence is a wonderful exercise to reset your ears and to recalibrate so that you can hear the quiet again. ||||||||||||перезагрузить|||||перенастроить|||||||| If you can’t get absolute silence, go for quiet, that’s absolutely fine.

4:20

Second, I call this the mixer. |||||миксер (1) (Noise) So even if you’re in a noisy environment like this -- and we all spend a lot of time in places like this -- listen in the coffee bar to how many channels of sound can I hear? How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to? You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake. |||||||||||||озере How many birds am I hearing? Where are they? Where are those ripples? |||волны |||Small waves |||波紋 |||falowaniem It’s a great exercise for improving the quality of your listening. |||練習|||||||

4:48

Third, this exercise I call savoring, and this is a beautiful exercise. |||||enjoying fully|||||| |||||味わう|||||| It’s about enjoying mundane sounds. |||ordinary everyday sounds| |||日常的な| This, for example, is my tumble dryer. ||||||сушилка для белья |||||clothes drying machine| |||||乾燥機|乾燥機 |||||suszarka do ub| Вот, например, моя сушильная машина. (Dryer) It’s a waltz. |||вальс |||Easy task |||ワルツ One, two, three. One, two, three. One, two, three. I love it. Or just try this one on for size. (Coffee grinder) Wow! |コーヒーグ| So mundane sounds can be really interesting if you pay attention. |przyziemne||||||||| I call that the hidden choir. ||||隠れた合|合唱団 Я называю это скрытым хором. It’s around us all the time.

5:23

The next exercise is probably the most important of all of these, if you just take one thing away. This is listening positions -- the idea that you can move your listening position to what’s appropriate to what you’re listening to. ||リスニング|||||||||||||||||| Это позиции прослушивания - идея о том, что вы можете изменить свою позицию прослушивания так, чтобы она соответствовала тому, что вы слушаете. This is playing with those filters. Do you remember, I gave you those filters at the beginning. It’s starting to play with them as levers, to get conscious about them and to move to different places. |||||||tools for change||||||||||| |||||||てこ||||||||||| |||||||dźwignie||||||||||| These are just some of the listening positions, or scales of listening positions, that you can use. There are many. Have fun with that. It’s very exciting.

5:54

And finally, an acronym. |||Abbreviated initial letters |||頭字語 You can use this in listening, in communication. If you’re in any one of those roles -- and I think that probably is everybody who’s listening to this talk -- the acronym is RASA, which is the Sanskrit word for juice or essence. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||санскритское слово|||||суть |||||||||||||||||||||||Juice or essence||||juice or essence||||| Если вы находитесь в одной из этих ролей - а я думаю, что это, вероятно, все, кто слушает эту статью, - то аббревиатура RASA означает "сок" или "сущность" на санскрите. And RASA stands for Receive, which means pay attention to the person; Appreciate, making little noises like "hmm," "oh," "okay"; Summarize, the word "so" is very important in communication; and Ask, ask questions afterward. ||||||||||||||||||||подвести итог||||||||||||| 6:26

Now sound is my passion, it’s my life. I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen. That’s too much to ask from most people. But I believe that every human being needs to listen consciously in order to live fully -- connected in space and in time to the physical world around us, connected in understanding to each other, not to mention spiritually connected, because every spiritual path I know of has listening and contemplation at its heart. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||размышление||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||deep reflection|||

6:53

That’s why we need to teach listening in our schools as a skill. Why is it not taught? It’s crazy. And if we can teach listening in our schools, we can take our listening off that slippery slope to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time -- or at least capable of doing it. |||||||||||||||||скользкий склон|||||||||||||||||||||||||||способны||| ||||||||||||||||unstable or risky||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||śliskiej|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||

7:15

Now I don’t know how to do that, but this is TED, and I think the TED community is capable of anything. So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other, take this mission out and let’s get listening taught in schools, and transform the world in one generation to a conscious listening world -- a world of connection, a world of understanding and a world of peace.

7:36

Thank you for listening to me today.