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English LingQ Podcast 1.0, One hundred and forty one: World Financial Crisis

One hundred and forty one: World Financial Crisis

Mark: Hello and welcome to the EnglishLingQ Podcast. Mark here with Steve. Hi Steve.

Steve: Hi Mark.

Mark: I'm trying to remember who asked us to talk about this topic, but we were asked to talk about the world financial crisis; I guess it's very timely.

Steve: I think it's a good idea to talk about things that are topical of interest. So, again, one of our themes is if you can listen to or read content that's of interest to you you're going to learn a lot better than if the content is of no interest. So what can we say? Today the U.S. Congress voted down the most recent Bush proposal for a bailout, a massive injection of government financing to bail out the financial sector. I gather that there's a lot of feeling out there that the clever people on Wall Street who created this mess should pay for it themselves somehow, but I guess the problem is that if the government doesn't bail out some of these financial institutions that there isn't enough money around to keep our financial system going and that could cause a major economic recession.

Mark: And I guess not just an economic recession in the States, but it's a global issue. Even today we saw after that announcement that a number of European banks had to be rescued by their own governments, bought out or propped up. I don't know exactly what happened there, but they had the same problem that they've been having in the States where the government in the States…either the government or with the help of government other companies have stepped in and taken over and propped up failing investment banks.

Steve: But I think the underlying…people say, how could this happen? I think the underlying problem is a five-letter word called “greed”, g-r-e-e-d “greed”.

Mark: Yes.

Steve: People like to perhaps make out that this is an American problem, but there were lots of foreign banks who knew exactly what was going on. Even foreign investors; I heard that the Norwegian Pension Fund and I know there were pension funds here in Canada who bought what they should have realized were very risky, you know, credit instruments simply because they had a high yield.

Mark: Well, I think because it's probably harder and harder to find high-yielding safe investments given the low interest rate environment that we've had for a long time. Obviously, I think it's a situation where those investment bankers are sort of far enough removed from the original lender, the guys who actually loans the money to essentially the people that can't pay, the unworthy customers, but then all those subprime loans get bundled together and sold off to one guy who then sells them off to another guy. By the time they get to the investment banker he probably thinks that somehow it's been turned from something that's really kind of risky into something not risky by the time it gets to him and, obviously, at some point they didn't do their research.

Steve: Well that's the point.

Mark: And they just kind of…it's almost like I'll hold my nose and everybody says it's not risky, so maybe it's not risky. Okay, I'm fine.

Steve: But therefore they didn't do their job.

Mark: Absolutely.

Steve: So there's no excuse. But if we go right back to the beginning, the first step in all of this -- and I think there has been a desire in the United States even going back to the Clinton years – is to make, you know, home ownership more accessible to people who don't have a lot of money. And so, again, I haven't…we did a bit of research on this, but I don't know when this all started. But, insofar as the subprime loan is concerned, what the practice was was that people who would not normally qualify for a housing loan were given a housing loan. What's more, even people who would qualify for a housing loan, I've heard from personal experience, they were encouraged to borrow more than the value of their house. So they were given what was called “adjustable rate mortgages” so that they would only pay one or two percent for the first two years and then they would have to pay the full interest rate in subsequent years. And so here you have them being encouraged to borrow more than they need. They can't even afford to pay for their house let alone something more than what their house is worth. But, of course, in the United States we've had a period of ever-increasing housing prices; from the year 2000 to the year 2006 housing prices rose by 80%. So they would be told by the lender, you know, don't be a fool. This is easy money. You can borrow more. You can borrow it at these low interest rates. The value of your house will go up so you'll be able to pay for it.

Mark: Right.

Steve: And so that's kind of where it started.

Mark: And from the lender's perspective, well, even if these people can't make their payments I'll still have the house. The house will increase in value. My capital should be safe. Which is fine as long as prices keep going up, but, obviously, as we've seen in the States in the last two years, prices have come off significantly and so people are left owing more money than their houses are worth, at which point they walk away. So that's, obviously, one of the problems, but I guess a bigger problem is these products, whatever they're called, the subprime investment…

Steve: Well, I don't remember the…

Mark: I don't know the official term for the package that they promote to the investment bankers, but all of a sudden people realize that these aren't worth very much and they have to write them off at a certain rate. For that reason…I can't remember exactly why, but because they're not worth much, they can't sell them and then it affects their balance sheet and their stock price.

Steve: Well that's right. The two things that I've been able to identify is, one, this derivative and I think that's a word that's come up a lot is “derivative”.

Mark: Right.

Steve: These are very sophisticated sort of instruments of financing where you can bet on a hedge. It's all about hoping that the worst doesn't happen.

Mark: Right.

Steve: And so this one instrument is called a “Credit Default Swap” derivative, a CDS.

Mark: Right.

Steve: And I don't fully understand it, but it seems to be that if you have a bunch of loans and you go to an investor and you say, here, you can pay me X amount of money and you will earn all these premiums and everything is going to be fine. However, if some of my loans default then you have to cover me. And so as long as there's only a few loans that default…

Mark: Right.

Steve: I presume the return on those is quite high so that the banks are happy.

Mark: Right.

Steve: But when you start getting a decline in the housing market and we go back to the guy we talked about who can't even afford to buy a house and has now taken on 20% more loan than his house is worth at a subsidized interest rate and all of a sudden has to pay the interest rate and he defaults and more and more of them default. So all of a sudden we don't just have one or two loans defaulting, we've got lots of loans defaulting. And for some reason that I don't fully understand this Credit Default Swap has greatly sort of exacerbated the problem. Warren Buffett…

Mark: The Credit Default, is that not just a name for that type of investment product? Like in the case that we're discussing it was the subprime mortgages. That's a type of whatever you called it…

Steve: Right.

Mark: Credit...whatever it was.

Steve: The Credit Default Swap is a derivative.

Mark: It's a derivative, but the subprime loans is one type of Credit Default Swap. Like if you had credit card…

Steve: The subprime loan, per se, is not a Credit Default Swap.

Mark: No, but that's…

Steve: It gets packaged into this range of loans…

Mark: Right.

Steve: …which an investor bets…

Mark: Right.

Steve: …that a high percentage of them are not going to default and he'll walk away with the interest.

Mark: Right.

Steve: So it's a very speculative thing.

Mark: All I'm saying is that this Credit Default Swap product will focus on real estate, well, mortgages…

Steve: Right.

Mark: …or there'll be one that deals with credit card debt or some other kind of debt and so investors buy these hoping, as you say, nothing bad will happen.

Steve: Right.

Mark: But I guess the tipping point was when housing prices started to decline significantly.

Steve: Right.

Mark: So all of this stuff was predicated on the belief that the housing prices will always go up.

Steve: Things can always improve or can only improve.

Mark: Can only improve.

Steve: But it's interesting that Warren Buffett, who's one of the richest men in the world and who made all his own money by simply being smart…

Mark: …in investments.

Steve: And who, by the way, was turned down by the Harvard Business School and he calls that a turning point in his life.

Mark: Right.

Steve: He went to Columbia instead, but he identified like four or five years ago that all of these derivates and particularly these Credit Default Swaps, he called them “weapons of financial destruction.”

Mark: Mass destruction.

Steve: He said there would be very severe consequences and he stayed completely away from them. He is now busy buying financial institutions because there is the point of view that, in fact, things are not as bad as they are presented and there are some accounting regulations that force the banks to put a value on some of their assets, which is perhaps today's market value, but which doesn't reflect the real potential value of those and so he's betting that he can select those banks that are okay.

Mark: And insurance companies because the insurance companies were big into this stuff too.

Steve: Right.

And one of his quotes, which I think is really neat, is he says “Life is like a snowball. If you want to grow the important thing is to find wet snow and a really long hill.” In other words, you accumulate your wealth gradually. There is no sudden, strike it rich, high return, no risk. There is no high return with no risk.

Mark: Right.

Steve: So he prefers to find wet snow and a really long hill. Find good companies, invest in them and stay there.

Mark: Exactly.

Steve: Whereas I think a lot of these fancy financial instruments that people were speculating on is more like a snowball that falls over a cliff and you hope there's a soft landing down there, you know.

Mark: Yeah, no, it's certainly a problem that's affecting global financial markets and the global economy. Well, I mean depending on who you listen to or who you hear speak it's either, hopefully, going to fix itself soon or could go on for quite a while and continue to get worse. You know the stock markets today took a big tumble after that announcement in the U.S. Congress where they did not pass that rescue package. I mean who knows; maybe something else will come along.

Steve: My guess is that they will pass a package.

Mark: I'm sure they will, yeah.

Steve: I think too, I'm always one…perhaps I'm a bit optimistic by nature, but I think some of the good that will come from this is that I think there has been far too much speculative activity in the United States. Even a homebuyer, an individual, who buys a home that he can't afford and takes a loan on that he can't repay because the interest is low and because he hopes the house is going to go up in value, he's a speculator.

Mark: Absolutely.

Steve: He's just a speculator throughout the whole package. I think the United States has been addicted to credit; individuals who are heavily in debt through their credit card. Of course, people push products at them and push financing at them and these people are speculators. I think what has to happen is, hopefully, people will step back and say, everyone has to try to live within their means. You don't need a bigger house have a smaller house, ride a bicycle. You know you can live your life quite happily without having all these goodies.

Mark: I think it's also important to mention that it's not just the United States…

Steve: No.

Mark: …that's been living beyond their means. Certainly here in Canada it would be similar.

Steve: Similar and in Britain.

Mark: And in Britain and I don't know about Europe or Asia, but I mean once real estate prices start coming off here and they will, then we're going to see similar problems here, I have to believe. You know a few years ago, you know, I can't remember who said it, but the quote was something like when your barber is talking about investing in something that's the time to get out.

Steve: Yeah.

Mark: I know here people were buying second homes, investment properties; have been buying, you know, for the last five-six years as investments.

Steve: Right.

Mark: Like everybody. Not just a few people, but everybody's talking about trying to buy a second home…

Steve: Flip a home.

Mark: …flip a home, buy a condo downtown. I mean I don't know this for a fact, but, anecdotally, apparently a lot of the apartments downtown in downtown Vancouver are owned by either absentee owner, speculative, second apartments. They're vacant, you can't rent, all those kinds of things. I mean it can't go on forever.

Steve: No.

But, you know, to put all of this in perspective, the reason I mention the United States is because they are such a huge market. So that by them being addicted to credit and addicted to buying things -- we in Canada too, but we're 10% of the United States -- this has spawned tremendous wealth in other places like the Middle East for oil, like China and other countries that produce consumer products that the Americans want.

Mark: Right.

Steve: So these countries now end up hanging onto these dollars and hoping that the addicted American consumer will continue buying these things so that they can continue running their factories.

Mark: Right.

Steve: But the positive side is that there is a lot of wealth in the world. There is a lot of wealth in China, in India, in Taiwan and now increasingly in places like Brazil and Russia. There is a lot of wealth and we have had a lot of technological innovation, a lot of new products. In many ways I think…like the Internet has brought tremendous benefit to a lot of people; education, entertainment, access to information, ability to communicate with friends and so forth.

Mark: Most importantly language learning.

Steve: And language learning on LingQ. Hey, absolutely, absolutely. So I'm positive about the world in general and I think the world has become closer-knit. If people will only learn to speak each other's languages using LingQ they'll like each other better and at the same time they've got to stop this speculative, greedy, type of behavior.

Mark: Well and I think…I agree with you, I think they'll pass some kind of bill in the States. But, I guess from another perspective, I guess a lot of people are thinking maybe let everything crash and let all those people find themselves out of a job. Maybe that will bring the financial system back stronger rather than to just prop it up and let those people continue to come up with new investment strategies.

Steve: Well you know it's so difficult. It's so difficult because you say, okay, the people who are deciding our fate are politicians and when you look at some of the motives here where the Republicans say they voted against it because the Democrats, in urging people to vote for the bill, accused the Republicans of having, you know, spoiled the economy, blah-blah-blah.

Mark: Right.

Steve: So they took this opportunity of this, supposedly, you know, very strategically-important vote as an opportunity to bash the other political party.

Mark: Right, yeah.

Steve: I mean I'm sure that the Republicans did the same back at them.

Mark: Right.

Steve: So the other thing is, of course, human beings are pretty imperfect creatures.

Mark: Yup.

Steve: We love to bash the politicians; they're no better or worse than the rest of us. Yeah, hopefully we can find a way, a practical way to resolve this. And you say to yourself, okay, well if you don't trust the politicians who are you going to trust the experts? Well presumably the experts were running our financial system.

Mark: Right.

Steve: So, you know. I have ranted long enough about experts in language teaching and how we feel that there's a better way with LingQ. So, hopefully, a combination of common sense and experts and fear will lead us towards…

Mark: Yeah.

Steve: We'll know better in a week from now.

Mark: Yeah we will, for sure; although, I think all of this stuff can continue on for quite a while. Maybe we'll be talking about it again in another few months.

Steve: Well you know before you shut us down there Mark, the point is here you are… you and I have talked about this financial situation, we're not experts, we don't understand it very well…

Mark: No.

Steve: …but we were able to use some of the terminology.

M; Right.

Steve: So that, hopefully, that helps people in their English language learning.

Mark: Exactly.

Steve: We look forward to hearing more requests for subjects that we can talk about.

Mark: That was Maryann, by the way, who asked for that.

Steve: Thank you Maryann.

Mark: Thanks Maryann for your feedback. And anyone else out there, if you'd like to hear more about a specific subject just let us know; come onto LingQ and post it on the EnglishLingQ Forum. Okay, we'll talk to you later.

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One hundred and forty one: World Financial Crisis Einhunderteinundvierzig: Weltfinanzkrise Ciento cuarenta y uno Crisis financiera mundial 141年世界金融危機 Sto czterdzieści jeden: Światowy kryzys finansowy Cento e quarenta e um: Crise financeira mundial Сто сорок один: Мировой финансовый кризис Yüz kırk bir: Dünya Finansal Krizi 1401:世界金融危机

Mark: Hello and welcome to the EnglishLingQ Podcast. Mark here with Steve. Hi Steve.

Steve:    Hi Mark.

Mark:    I’m trying to remember who asked us to talk about this topic, but we were asked to talk about the world financial crisis; I guess it’s very timely. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||oportuno Mark: Estoy intentando recordar quién nos pidió que habláramos de este tema, pero nos pidieron que habláramos de la crisis financiera mundial; supongo que es muy oportuno.

Steve:    I think it’s a good idea to talk about things that are topical of interest. |||||||||||||of current interest|| |||||||||||||de actualidad|| So, again, one of our themes is if you can listen to or read content that’s of interest to you you’re going to learn a lot better than if the content is of no interest. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||içerik|||| |||||temas principales||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Dolayısıyla, yine temalarımızdan biri, ilginizi çeken bir içeriği dinleyebilir veya okuyabilirseniz, içeriğin ilginizi çekmemesine kıyasla çok daha iyi öğreneceğinizdir. So what can we say? Today the U.S. Congress voted down the most recent Bush proposal for a bailout, a massive injection of government financing to bail out the financial sector. Kongre||||||||||kurtarma paketi|||finansman enjeksiyonu||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||救済する|||| ||||||Bush|propuesta|||rescate financiero|||inyección masiva|||||Rescate financiero|rechazó||| El Congreso rechazó la última propuesta de rescate de Bush, una inyección masiva de financiación pública para rescatar al sector financiero. Kongre, Bush'un finans sektörünü kurtarmak için devlet tarafından büyük miktarda finansman sağlanmasını öngören en son kurtarma önerisini oylayarak reddetti. I gather that there’s a lot of feeling out there that the clever people on Wall Street who created this mess should pay for it themselves somehow, but I guess the problem is that if the government doesn’t bail out some of these financial institutions that there isn’t enough money around to keep our financial system going and that could cause a major economic recession. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||büyük ekonomik durgunluk ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||recesión económica Tengo entendido que hay mucha gente que opina que los listos de Wall Street que han creado este lío deberían pagar por ello de alguna manera, pero supongo que el problema es que si el gobierno no rescata a algunas de estas instituciones financieras no habrá suficiente dinero para mantener nuestro sistema financiero en marcha y eso podría causar una recesión económica importante. Anladığım kadarıyla Wall Street'te bu karmaşayı yaratan zeki insanların bir şekilde bunun bedelini ödemesi gerektiğine dair pek çok düşünce var, ancak sanırım sorun şu ki, eğer hükümet bu finansal kurumlardan bazılarını kurtarmazsa, finansal sistemimizi devam ettirmek için yeterli para kalmaz ve bu da büyük bir ekonomik durgunluğa neden olabilir.

Mark:    And I guess not just an economic recession in the States, but it’s a global issue. Even today we saw after that announcement that a number of European banks had to be rescued by their own governments, bought out or propped up. ||||||duyuru||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||apuntaladas| Incluso hoy hemos visto, tras ese anuncio, que varios bancos europeos han tenido que ser rescatados por sus propios gobiernos, comprados o apuntalados. Bugün bile bu açıklamanın ardından bir dizi Avrupa bankasının kendi hükümetleri tarafından kurtarılması, satın alınması ya da desteklenmesi gerektiğini gördük. I don’t know exactly what happened there, but they had the same problem that they’ve been having in the States where the government in the States…either the government or with the help of government other companies have stepped in and taken over and propped up failing investment banks. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||devraldı||||||| No sé exactamente lo que pasó allí, pero tenían el mismo problema que han estado teniendo en los Estados donde el gobierno en los Estados ... ya sea el gobierno o con la ayuda del gobierno otras empresas han intervenido y asumido y apuntalado los bancos de inversión en quiebra. Orada tam olarak ne olduğunu bilmiyorum ama Amerika'da hükümetin ya da hükümetin yardımıyla diğer şirketlerin devreye girip batan yatırım bankalarını devraldığı ve desteklediği Amerika'da yaşadıkları sorunun aynısını yaşadılar.

Steve:    But I think the underlying…people say, how could this happen? |||||temel|||||| |||||subyacente|||||| I think the underlying problem is a five-letter word called “greed”, g-r-e-e-d “greed”. |||fundamental||||||||avarice|||||| |||||||||||avaricia||||||

Mark:    Yes.

Steve:    People like to perhaps make out that this is an American problem, but there were lots of foreign banks who knew exactly what was going on. ||||perhaps|||||||||||||||||||||| Steve: A la gente le gusta quizás hacer creer que se trata de un problema estadounidense, pero había muchos bancos extranjeros que sabían exactamente lo que estaba pasando. Steve: İnsanlar belki de bunun bir Amerikan sorunu olduğunu söylemekten hoşlanıyorlar, ancak neler olup bittiğini tam olarak bilen çok sayıda yabancı banka vardı. Even foreign investors; I heard that the Norwegian Pension Fund and I know there were pension funds here in Canada who bought what they should have realized were very risky, you know, credit instruments simply because they had a high yield. |||||||||||||||pension funds|||||||||||||||||||||||||return ||investitori||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||getiri |||||||noruego||||||||fondo de pensiones|||||||||||||||||||||||||rendimiento alto Incluso los inversores extranjeros; he oído que el Fondo de Pensiones Noruego y sé que había fondos de pensiones aquí en Canadá que compraron lo que deberían haberse dado cuenta de que eran instrumentos de crédito muy arriesgados, ya sabes, simplemente porque tenían un alto rendimiento. Yabancı yatırımcılar bile; Norveç Emeklilik Fonu'nun ve Kanada'daki emeklilik fonlarının çok riskli olduğunu fark etmeleri gereken kredi araçlarını sadece yüksek getirisi olduğu için satın aldıklarını duydum.

Mark:    Well, I think because it’s probably harder and harder to find high-yielding safe investments given the low interest rate environment that we’ve had for a long time. |||||||||||||profitable||||||||||||||| ||||||||ve|||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||高利回りの||||||||||||||| Mark: Sanırım uzun süredir yaşadığımız düşük faiz ortamı nedeniyle yüksek getirili güvenli yatırımlar bulmak giderek zorlaşıyor. Obviously, I think it’s a situation where those investment bankers are sort of far enough removed from the original lender, the guys who actually loans the money to essentially the people that can’t pay, the unworthy customers, but then all those subprime loans get bundled together and sold off to one guy who then sells them off to another guy. |||||||||investment bankers||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||subprime loans|||grouped together||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||uzaklaştırılmış||||kredi veren||||||||||||||||||||||alt kredi|||paketlenmiş||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||サブプライム|||||||||||||||||| |||||||||banqueros de inversión||||lejos de||||||prestamista original|||||préstamos|||||||||||indignos de crédito||||||de alto riesgo|||agrupados juntos||||||||||||||| Obviamente, creo que es una situación en la que los banqueros de inversión son una especie de lo suficientemente lejos del prestamista original, los tipos que realmente presta el dinero a la gente esencialmente que no pueden pagar, los clientes indignos, pero luego todos los préstamos de alto riesgo se agrupan y se venden a un tipo que luego los vende a otro tipo. Açıkçası, bence bu yatırım bankacılarının asıl borç verenden, yani aslında parayı ödeyemeyen insanlara, değersiz müşterilere borç verenlerden yeterince uzak olduğu bir durum, ancak daha sonra tüm bu subprime krediler bir araya getirilip bir adama satılıyor ve o da bunları başka bir adama satıyor. By the time they get to the investment banker he probably thinks that somehow it’s been turned from something that’s really kind of risky into something not risky by the time it gets to him and, obviously, at some point they didn’t do their research. Cuando llegan al banquero de inversiones, probablemente piensa que, de alguna manera, ha pasado de ser algo realmente arriesgado a ser algo no arriesgado cuando llega a sus manos y, obviamente, en algún momento no hicieron su investigación. Yatırım bankacısına ulaştıklarında muhtemelen bir şekilde gerçekten riskli bir şeyden riskli olmayan bir şeye dönüştüğünü ve belli ki bir noktada araştırmalarını yapmadıklarını düşünüyor.

Steve:    Well that’s the point.

Mark:    And they just kind of…it’s almost like I’ll hold my nose and everybody says it’s not risky, so maybe it’s not risky. Okay, I’m fine.

Steve:    But therefore they didn’t do their job.

Mark:    Absolutely.

Steve:    So there’s no excuse. But if we go right back to the beginning, the first step in all of this -- and I think there has been a desire in the United States even going back to the Clinton years – is to make, you know, home ownership more accessible to people who don’t have a lot of money. ||||doğru|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Pero si volvemos al principio, el primer paso en todo esto -y creo que ha habido un deseo en Estados Unidos que se remonta incluso a los años de Clinton- es hacer que la propiedad de la vivienda sea más accesible para las personas que no tienen mucho dinero. Ancak en başa dönecek olursak, tüm bunların ilk adımı - ve bence Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde Clinton yıllarına kadar uzanan bir arzu var - çok parası olmayan insanlar için ev sahibi olmayı daha erişilebilir hale getirmektir. And so, again, I haven’t…we did a bit of research on this, but I don’t know when this all started. Ve yine, ben... bu konuda biraz araştırma yaptık, ama tüm bunların ne zaman başladığını bilmiyorum. But, insofar as the subprime loan is concerned, what the practice was was that people who would not normally qualify for a housing loan were given a housing loan. |olduğu ölçüde||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Pero, en lo que respecta a los préstamos de alto riesgo, la práctica consistía en conceder un préstamo a personas que normalmente no cumplirían los requisitos para obtener un préstamo para la vivienda. Ancak, subprime kredi söz konusu olduğunda, uygulama normalde konut kredisi almaya uygun olmayan kişilere konut kredisi verilmesiydi. What’s more, even people who would qualify for a housing loan, I’ve heard from personal experience, they were encouraged to borrow more than the value of their house. ||||||||||||||||||||ödünç almak|more|||||| ||||||||||||||||||||pedir prestado||||||| Dahası, konut kredisi almaya hak kazanan insanların bile, kişisel deneyimlerime dayanarak söylüyorum, evlerinin değerinden daha fazla borç almaya teşvik edildiklerini duydum. So they were given what was called “adjustable rate mortgages” so that they would only pay one or two percent for the first two years and then they would have to pay the full interest rate in subsequent years. |||||||||mortgages||||||||||||||||||||||||||||following years| |||||||||mutui||||||||||||||||||||||||||||sonraki| |||||||調整可能な||住宅ローン||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||hipotecas de tasa ajustable||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Bu yüzden onlara "ayarlanabilir faizli ipotek" adı verilen krediler verildi, böylece ilk iki yıl için sadece yüzde bir veya iki ödeyecekler ve sonraki yıllarda tam faiz oranını ödemek zorunda kalacaklardı. And so here you have them being encouraged to borrow more than they need. They can’t even afford to pay for their house let alone something more than what their house is worth. |yapamazlar||||||||||||||||| Bırakın evlerinin değerinden fazlasını, evlerinin parasını bile ödeyemiyorlar. But, of course, in the United States we’ve had a period of ever-increasing housing prices; from the year 2000 to the year 2006 housing prices rose by 80%. ||||||||||||||||||||||||aumentaron| Pero, por supuesto, en Estados Unidos hemos tenido un periodo de aumento constante de los precios de la vivienda; desde el año 2000 hasta el año 2006 los precios de la vivienda subieron un 80%. So they would be told by the lender, you know, don’t be a fool. |||||||lender||||||fool This is easy money. You can borrow more. You can borrow it at these low interest rates. The value of your house will go up so you’ll be able to pay for it.

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    And so that’s kind of where it started.

Mark:    And from the lender’s perspective, well, even if these people can’t make their payments I’ll still have the house. ||||lender's||||||||||||||| ||||kredinin verenin||||||||||||||| ||||貸し手の||||||||||||||| The house will increase in value. My capital should be safe. |sermaye||| Which is fine as long as prices keep going up, but, obviously, as we’ve seen in the States in the last two years, prices have come off significantly and so people are left owing more money than their houses are worth, at which point they walk away. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||bajado significativamente|||||||debido a||||||||||||| Lo cual está bien mientras los precios sigan subiendo, pero, obviamente, como hemos visto en Estados Unidos en los dos últimos años, los precios han bajado significativamente y, por tanto, la gente debe más dinero del que valen sus casas, momento en el que se marchan. Fiyatlar artmaya devam ettiği sürece sorun yok, ancak son iki yılda Amerika'da gördüğümüz gibi, fiyatlar önemli ölçüde düştü ve bu nedenle insanlar evlerinin değerinden daha fazla borçlu kaldılar ve bu noktada çekip gidiyorlar. So that’s, obviously, one of the problems, but I guess a bigger problem is these products, whatever they’re called, the subprime investment…

Steve:    Well, I don’t remember the…

Mark:    I don’t know the official term for the package that they promote to the investment bankers, but all of a sudden people realize that these aren’t worth very much and they have to write them off at a certain rate. |||||||||paket|||tanıtmak|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Mark: Yatırım bankacılarına tanıttıkları paketin resmi terimini bilmiyorum, ancak insanlar birdenbire bunların çok değerli olmadığını ve belirli bir oranda yazmaları gerektiğini fark ettiler. For that reason…I can’t remember exactly why, but because they’re not worth much, they can’t sell them and then it affects their balance sheet and their stock price. Por eso... no recuerdo exactamente por qué, pero como no valen mucho, no pueden venderlos y entonces afecta a su balance y a la cotización de sus acciones.

Steve:    Well that’s right. The two things that I’ve been able to identify is, one, this derivative and I think that’s a word that’s come up a lot is “derivative”. ||||||||||||türev||||||||||||| Las dos cosas que he podido identificar son, una, este derivado y creo que es una palabra que ha salido mucho es "derivado".

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    These are very sophisticated sort of instruments of financing where you can bet on a hedge. ||||||||||||||||hedge ||||||||||||||||hedge aracıları ||||||||||||||||cobertura financiera Steve: Se trata de instrumentos de financiación muy sofisticados en los que se puede apostar por una cobertura. It’s all about hoping that the worst doesn’t happen. ||about||||||

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    And so this one instrument is called a “Credit Default Swap” derivative, a CDS. |||||||||||exchange agreement||| |||||||called|||||derivato|| Steve: Bu araca "Kredi Temerrüt Takası" türevi, yani CDS deniyor.

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    And I don’t fully understand it, but it seems to be that if you have a bunch of loans and you go to an investor and you say, here, you can pay me X amount of money and you will earn all these premiums and everything is going to be fine. |||||||||||||||||||krediler|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||プレミアム||||||| Steve: Tam olarak anlamıyorum ama öyle görünüyor ki, bir sürü krediniz varsa ve bir yatırımcıya gidip, işte bana X miktarda para ödeyebilirsiniz ve tüm bu primleri kazanacaksınız ve her şey yoluna girecek diyorsunuz. However, if some of my loans default then you have to cover me. ||||||temerrüde düşerse|||||| Sin embargo, si algunos de mis préstamos no se pagan, tendrán que cubrirme. Ancak, kredilerimden bazıları temerrüde düşerse, o zaman beni karşılamak zorundasınız. And so as long as there’s only a few loans that default… Temerrüde düşen sadece birkaç kredi olduğu sürece.

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    I presume the return on those is quite high so that the banks are happy. Steve: Supongo que el rendimiento de estos es bastante alto para que los bancos estén contentos. Steve: Bankalar mutlu olsun diye bunların getirisinin oldukça yüksek olduğunu tahmin ediyorum.

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    But when you start getting a decline in the housing market and we go back to the guy we talked about who can’t even afford to buy a house and has now taken on 20% more loan than his house is worth at a subsidized interest rate and all of a sudden has to pay the interest rate and he defaults and more and more of them default. |||||||düşüş|||konut|||||||||||||||||||konut|||||||||||||||sübvanse edilmiş||||||||||||||||temerrüde düşer|||||||temerrüde düşme ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||subvencionado||||||||||||||||incumplimientos de pagos||||||| Steve: Pero cuando empieza a decaer el mercado inmobiliario y volvemos al tipo del que hablábamos que ni siquiera puede permitirse comprar una casa y ahora ha tomado un préstamo un 20% mayor de lo que vale su casa a un tipo de interés subvencionado y de repente tiene que pagar el tipo de interés y entra en mora y cada vez más de ellos entran en mora. Steve: Ama konut piyasasında bir düşüş başladığında ve ev almaya bile gücü yetmeyen ve sübvanse edilmiş bir faiz oranıyla evinin değerinden %20 daha fazla kredi alan ve aniden faiz oranını ödemek zorunda kalan ve temerrüde düşen ve giderek daha fazlası temerrüde düşen adam hakkında konuştuğumuz adama geri dönüyoruz. So all of a sudden we don’t just have one or two loans defaulting, we’ve got lots of loans defaulting. |||||||||||||||||||デフォルトしている And for some reason that I don’t fully understand this Credit Default Swap has greatly sort of exacerbated the problem. |||||||||||||||||worsened|| |||||||||||||||||ha aggravato|| |||||||||||||||||agravado|| Ve tam olarak anlayamadığım bir nedenden dolayı bu Kredi Temerrüt Takası sorunu büyük ölçüde şiddetlendirdi. Warren Buffett… Warren Buffett.

Mark:    The Credit Default, is that not just a name for that type of investment product? Mark: Kredi Temerrüdü, bu sadece bu tür bir yatırım ürününün adı değil mi? Like in the case that we’re discussing it was the subprime mortgages. ||||||||||subprime|home loans ||||||||||yüksek riskli| |||||||||||hipotecas subprime Tartıştığımız vakada olduğu gibi, bu subprime mortgage kredileriydi. That’s a type of whatever you called it…

Steve:    Right.

Mark:    Credit...whatever it was.

Steve:    The Credit Default Swap is a derivative. Steve: Kredi Temerrüt Takası bir türevdir.

Mark:    It’s a derivative, but the subprime loans is one type of Credit Default Swap. Mark: Bu bir türevdir, ancak subprime kredileri bir tür Kredi Temerrüt Takasıdır. Like if you had credit card…

Steve:    The subprime loan, per se, is not a Credit Default Swap. |||||en sí mismo|||||| Steve: El préstamo subprime, per se, no es un Credit Default Swap. Steve: Subprime kredisi kendi başına bir Kredi Temerrüt Takası değildir.

Mark:    No, but that’s…

Steve:    It gets packaged into this range of loans… Steve: Bu kredi yelpazesi içinde paketleniyor...

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    …which an investor bets…

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    …that a high percentage of them are not going to default and he’ll walk away with the interest. Steve: ...yüksek bir yüzdesinin temerrüde düşmeyeceğini ve faiziyle birlikte çekip gideceğini düşünüyor.

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    So it’s a very speculative thing. |||||推測的な|

Mark:    All I’m saying is that this Credit Default Swap product will focus on real estate, well, mortgages… |||||||||||||||property market|| |||||||||||||||||ipotekler

Steve:    Right.

Mark:    …or there’ll be one that deals with credit card debt or some other kind of debt and so investors buy these hoping, as you say, nothing bad will happen. Mark: ...ya da kredi kartı borcu veya başka bir tür borçla ilgilenen bir tane olacak ve böylece yatırımcılar, dediğiniz gibi, kötü bir şey olmayacağını umarak bunları satın alacaklar.

Steve:    Right.

Mark:    But I guess the tipping point was when housing prices started to decline significantly. |||||punto de inflexión||||||||| Mark: Ama sanırım kırılma noktası konut fiyatlarının önemli ölçüde düşmeye başlaması oldu.

Steve:    Right.

Mark:    So all of this stuff was predicated on the belief that the housing prices will always go up.

Steve:    Things can always improve or can only improve.

Mark:    Can only improve.

Steve:    But it’s interesting that Warren Buffett, who’s one of the richest men in the world and who made all his own money by simply being smart…

Mark:    …in investments.

Steve:    And who, by the way, was turned down by the Harvard Business School and he calls that a turning point in his life. Steve: Y que, por cierto, fue rechazado por la Harvard Business School y él llama a eso un punto de inflexión en su vida. Steve: Bu arada Harvard İşletme Okulu tarafından geri çevrilmiş ve bunu hayatında bir dönüm noktası olarak nitelendiriyor.

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    He went to Columbia instead, but he identified like four or five years ago that all of these derivates and particularly these Credit Default Swaps, he called them “weapons of financial destruction.” |||||||||||||||||||türevler||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||派生商品||||||スワップ||||||| |||||||||||||||||||derivados financieros||||||||||armas financieras||| Steve: Onun yerine Columbia'ya gitti ama dört ya da beş yıl kadar önce tüm bu türevleri ve özellikle de Kredi Temerrüt Takaslarını tespit etti ve bunlara "finansal yıkım silahları" adını verdi.

Mark:    Mass destruction. Kitle imha.

Steve:    He said there would be very severe consequences and he stayed completely away from them. He is now busy buying financial institutions because there is the point of view that, in fact, things are not as bad as they are presented and there are some accounting regulations that force the banks to put a value on some of their assets, which is perhaps today’s market value, but which doesn’t reflect the real potential value of those and so he’s betting that he can select those banks that are okay. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||la contabilità||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Ahora está ocupado comprando instituciones financieras porque existe el punto de vista de que, de hecho, las cosas no están tan mal como se presentan y hay algunas normativas contables que obligan a los bancos a poner un valor a algunos de sus activos, que quizás sea el valor de mercado actual, pero que no refleja el valor potencial real de los mismos y por eso apuesta a que puede seleccionar aquellos bancos que están bien. Şu anda finansal kurumları satın almakla meşgul çünkü aslında işlerin gösterildiği kadar kötü olmadığı ve bankaları bazı varlıklarına belki de bugünkü piyasa değeri olan ancak bunların gerçek potansiyel değerini yansıtmayan bir değer biçmeye zorlayan bazı muhasebe düzenlemeleri olduğu görüşü var ve bu nedenle iyi olan bankaları seçebileceğine dair bahse giriyor.

Mark:    And insurance companies because the insurance companies were big into this stuff too.

Steve:    Right.

And one of his quotes, which I think is really neat, is he says “Life is like a snowball. ||||||||||neat|||||||| Ve bence gerçekten harika olan sözlerinden biri de "Hayat bir kartopu gibidir. If you want to grow the important thing is to find wet snow and a really long hill.”  In other words, you accumulate your wealth gradually. ||||||||||||||||||||||||resources| Si quieres crecer lo importante es encontrar nieve húmeda y una colina muy larga". En otras palabras, acumulas tu riqueza poco a poco. Büyümek istiyorsanız önemli olan ıslak kar ve gerçekten uzun bir tepe bulmaktır." Başka bir deyişle, servetinizi kademeli olarak biriktirirsiniz. There is no sudden, strike it rich, high return, no risk. ||||golpe de suerte|||||| No existe el súbito, hazte rico, alta rentabilidad, ningún riesgo. Aniden zengin olmak yok, yüksek getiri var, risk yok. There is no high return with no risk.

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    So he prefers to find wet snow and a really long hill. Find good companies, invest in them and stay there.

Mark:    Exactly.

Steve:    Whereas I think a lot of these fancy financial instruments that people were speculating on is more like a snowball that falls over a cliff and you hope there’s a soft landing down there, you know. ||||||||||||||especulando sobre|||||||||||||||||||||| Steve: Oysa bence insanların üzerinde spekülasyon yaptığı bu süslü finansal araçların çoğu, uçurumdan düşen bir kartopuna benziyor ve orada yumuşak bir iniş olmasını umuyorsunuz, bilirsiniz.

Mark:    Yeah, no, it’s certainly a problem that’s affecting global financial markets and the global economy. Mark: Evet, hayır, bu kesinlikle küresel finans piyasalarını ve küresel ekonomiyi etkileyen bir sorun. Well, I mean depending on who you listen to or who you hear speak it’s either, hopefully, going to fix itself soon or could go on for quite a while and continue to get worse. |||||||||||||||||||||||||su||||||||| Yani kimi dinlediğinize ya da kimin konuştuğunu duyduğunuza bağlı olarak, umarım yakında düzelir ya da bir süre daha devam edip daha da kötüleşebilir. You know the stock markets today took a big tumble after that announcement in the U.S. |||||||||düşmek||||||| |||||||||caída fuerte||||||| Los mercados bursátiles han sufrido una gran caída tras el anuncio de EE.UU. ABD'deki açıklamanın ardından bugün borsaların büyük bir düşüş yaşadığını biliyorsunuz. Congress where they did not pass that rescue package. I mean who knows; maybe something else will come along.

Steve:    My guess is that they will pass a package.

Mark:    I’m sure they will, yeah.

Steve:    I think too, I’m always one…perhaps I’m a bit optimistic by nature, but I think some of the good that will come from this is that I think there has been far too much speculative activity in the United States. Even a homebuyer, an individual, who buys a home that he can’t afford and takes a loan on that he can’t repay because the interest is low and because he hopes the house is going to go up in value, he’s a speculator. ||konut alıcısı|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||投機家 ||comprador de vivienda|||||||||||||||||||reembolsar|||||||||||||||||||||

Mark:    Absolutely.

Steve:    He’s just a speculator throughout the whole package. I think the United States has been addicted to credit; individuals who are heavily in debt through their credit card. Of course, people push products at them and push financing at them and these people are speculators. |||||||||financing||||||| ||||||||||||||||投機家 I think what has to happen is, hopefully, people will step back and say, everyone has to try to live within their means. You don’t need a bigger house have a smaller house, ride a bicycle. No necesitas una casa más grande ten una casa más pequeña, monta en bicicleta. You know you can live your life quite happily without having all these goodies. |||||||||||||cosas buenas

Mark:    I think it’s also important to mention that it’s not just the United States… |||||||bahsetmek||||||| Mark: Bence sadece Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin değil...

Steve:    No.

Mark:    …that’s been living beyond their means. ||||||means Mark: ...que ha estado viviendo por encima de sus posibilidades. Certainly here in Canada it would be similar.

Steve:    Similar and in Britain.

Mark:    And in Britain and I don’t know about Europe or Asia, but I mean once real estate prices start coming off here and they will, then we’re going to see similar problems here, I have to believe. ||||||||about|Europe|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Mark: İngiltere'de ve Avrupa ya da Asya'yı bilmiyorum ama burada emlak fiyatları düşmeye başladığında ve düşecek, o zaman burada da benzer sorunlar göreceğimize inanmak zorundayım. You know a few years ago, you know, I can’t remember who said it, but the quote was something like when your barber is talking about investing in something that’s the time to get out. ||||||||||hatırlıyorum||||||||||||||||||||||||out Hace unos años, ya sabes, no recuerdo quién lo dijo, pero la cita era algo así como cuando tu barbero está hablando de invertir en algo que es el momento de salir. Birkaç yıl önce kimin söylediğini hatırlamıyorum ama şöyle bir söz vardı: Berberiniz bir şeye yatırım yapmaktan bahsediyorsa, o yatırımdan çıkmanın tam zamanıdır.

Steve:    Yeah.

Mark:    I know here people were buying second homes, investment properties; have been buying, you know, for the last five-six years as investments.

Steve:    Right.

Mark:    Like everybody. Not just a few people, but everybody’s talking about trying to buy a second home…

Steve:    Flip a home. |Voltear|| Voltear una casa.

Mark:    …flip a home, buy a condo downtown. ||||||daire| |||||||el centro I mean I don’t know this for a fact, but, anecdotally, apparently a lot of the apartments downtown in downtown Vancouver are owned by either absentee owner, speculative, second apartments. |||||||||||||||||||||||||uzaktan sahip|||| ||||||||||||||||アパート|||||||||不在の|||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||propietario ausente|||| Quiero decir que no lo sé a ciencia cierta, pero, anecdóticamente, al parecer muchos de los apartamentos en el centro de Vancouver son propiedad de un propietario ausente, especulativo, segundos apartamentos. They’re vacant, you can’t rent, all those kinds of things. |boş|||||||| |vacíos|||||||| I mean it can’t go on forever.

Steve:    No.

But, you know, to put all of this in perspective, the reason I mention the United States is because they are such a huge market. So that by them being addicted to credit and addicted to buying things -- we in Canada too, but we’re 10% of the United States -- this has spawned tremendous wealth in other places like the Middle East for oil, like China and other countries that produce consumer products that the Americans want. ||||||||||||şeyler||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||ha generado|||||||||||||||||||||||| Así que al ser adictos al crédito y adictos a comprar cosas - nosotros en Canadá también, pero somos el 10% de Estados Unidos - esto ha generado una tremenda riqueza en otros lugares como Oriente Medio para el petróleo, como China y otros países que producen productos de consumo que los estadounidenses quieren. Böylece kredi bağımlısı ve bir şeyler satın alma bağımlısı olmaları - biz de Kanada'dayız ama ABD'nin %10'u kadarız - petrol için Orta Doğu, Çin ve Amerikalıların istediği tüketim ürünlerini üreten diğer ülkeler gibi diğer yerlerde muazzam bir zenginlik yarattı.

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    So these countries now end up hanging onto these dollars and hoping that the addicted American consumer will continue buying these things so that they can continue running their factories. Steve: Así que estos países ahora terminan aferrándose a estos dólares y esperando que el adicto consumidor estadounidense siga comprando estas cosas para que puedan seguir funcionando sus fábricas.

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    But the positive side is that there is a lot of wealth in the world. There is a lot of wealth in China, in India, in Taiwan and now increasingly in places like Brazil and Russia. There is a lot of wealth and we have had a lot of technological innovation, a lot of new products. In many ways I think…like the Internet has brought tremendous benefit to a lot of people; education, entertainment, access to information, ability to communicate with friends and so forth.

Mark:    Most importantly language learning.

Steve:    And language learning on LingQ. Hey, absolutely, absolutely. So I’m positive about the world in general and I think the world has become closer-knit. ||||||||||||||||close-knit Así que soy positivo sobre el mundo en general y creo que el mundo se ha unido más. If people will only learn to speak each other’s languages using LingQ they’ll like each other better and at the same time they’ve got to stop this speculative, greedy, type of behavior. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||codicioso|||

Mark:    Well and I think…I agree with you, I think they’ll pass some kind of bill in the States. ||||||||||düşünmek||||||bill||| Mark: Bueno y creo... estoy de acuerdo contigo, creo que aprobarán algún tipo de ley en Estados Unidos. Mark: Bence de... Size katılıyorum, bence Amerika'da bir tür yasa çıkaracaklar. But, I guess from another perspective, I guess a lot of people are thinking maybe let everything crash and let all those people find themselves out of a job. Pero, desde otro punto de vista, supongo que mucha gente está pensando en dejar que todo se derrumbe y que toda esa gente se quede sin trabajo. Ancak, başka bir bakış açısıyla, sanırım pek çok insan her şeyin çökmesine ve tüm bu insanların kendilerini işsiz bulmasına izin vermeyi düşünüyor. Maybe that will bring the financial system back stronger rather than to just prop it up and let those people continue to come up with new investment strategies. |||||||||||||support|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||apuntalar||||||||||||||estrategias de inversión Belki de bu, finansal sistemi desteklemek ve bu insanların yeni yatırım stratejileri geliştirmeye devam etmelerine izin vermek yerine daha güçlü bir hale getirecektir.

Steve:    Well you know it’s so difficult. It’s so difficult because you say, okay, the people who are deciding our fate are politicians and when you look at some of the motives here where the Republicans say they voted against it because the Democrats, in urging people to vote for the bill, accused the Republicans of having, you know, spoiled the economy, blah-blah-blah. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Democratic Party||encouraging||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||motives||||||||||||||teşvik etme||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||destino|||||||||||||||||||||||Demócratas||instando a||||||proyecto de ley||||||||arruinado||||| Es tan difícil porque dices, vale, la gente que está decidiendo nuestro destino son políticos y cuando miras algunos de los motivos aquí donde los republicanos dicen que votaron en contra porque los demócratas, al instar a la gente a votar a favor del proyecto de ley, acusaron a los republicanos de haber, ya sabes, estropeado la economía, bla, bla, bla. Bu çok zor çünkü diyorsunuz ki, tamam, kaderimize karar verenler politikacılar ve buradaki bazı gerekçelere baktığınızda Cumhuriyetçiler karşı oy kullandıklarını söylüyorlar çünkü Demokratlar insanları tasarıya oy vermeye çağırırken Cumhuriyetçileri ekonomiyi bozmakla falan filan suçluyorlardı.

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    So they took this opportunity of this, supposedly, you know, very strategically-important vote as an opportunity to bash the other political party. ||||||||sözde|||||||||||vurmak|||| |||||||||||||||||||criticar|||| Steve: Así que aprovecharon la oportunidad de esta votación, supuestamente muy importante estratégicamente, para atacar al otro partido político. Steve: Yani bu fırsatı, yani stratejik açıdan çok önemli olan bu oylamayı, diğer siyasi partiye saldırmak için bir fırsat olarak kullandılar.

Mark:    Right, yeah.

Steve:    I mean I’m sure that the Republicans did the same back at them. Steve: Quiero decir que estoy seguro de que los republicanos hicieron lo mismo con ellos. Steve: Yani eminim Cumhuriyetçiler de onlara aynısını yapmıştır.

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    So the other thing is, of course, human beings are pretty imperfect creatures. Steve: Diğer bir husus da şu: Elbette insanlar oldukça kusurlu yaratıklardır.

Mark:    Yup.

Steve:    We love to bash the politicians; they’re no better or worse than the rest of us. ||||criticar|||||||||||| Steve: Nos encanta machacar a los políticos; no son ni mejores ni peores que el resto de nosotros. Steve: Politikacıları eleştirmeye bayılıyoruz; onlar da bizden daha iyi ya da daha kötü değiller. Yeah, hopefully we can find a way, a practical way to resolve this. And you say to yourself, okay, well if you don’t trust the politicians who are you going to trust the experts? Ve kendi kendinize diyorsunuz ki, tamam, eğer politikacılara güvenmiyorsanız uzmanlara kime güveneceksiniz? Well presumably the experts were running our financial system.

Mark:    Right.

Steve:    So, you know. I have ranted long enough about experts in language teaching and how we feel that there’s a better way with LingQ. ||söylenip durdum|||||||||||||||||| ||愚痴った|||||||||||||||||| ||despotricado|||||||||||||||||| Ya he despotricado bastante sobre los expertos en la enseñanza de idiomas y sobre cómo creemos que hay una forma mejor con LingQ. Dil öğretimindeki uzmanlar ve LingQ ile nasıl daha iyi bir yol olduğunu düşündüğümüz hakkında yeterince uzun konuştum. So, hopefully, a combination of common sense and experts and fear will lead us towards… ||||||||||miedo|||| Umarım, sağduyu, uzmanlar ve korkunun bir araya gelmesi bizi...

Mark:    Yeah.

Steve:    We’ll know better in a week from now. Steve: Bir hafta sonra daha iyi anlayacağız.

Mark:    Yeah we will, for sure; although, I think all of this stuff can continue on for quite a while. Mark: Evet, kesinlikle yapacağız; ancak bence tüm bu şeyler bir süre daha devam edebilir. Maybe we’ll be talking about it again in another few months.

Steve:    Well you know before you shut us down there Mark, the point is here you are… you and I have talked about this financial situation, we’re not experts, we don’t understand it very well… Steve: Bizi orada kapatmadan önce biliyorsun Mark, mesele şu ki buradasın... sen ve ben bu finansal durum hakkında konuştuk, uzman değiliz, çok iyi anlamıyoruz...

Mark:    No.

Steve:    …but we were able to use some of the terminology.

M;    Right.

Steve:    So that, hopefully, that helps people in their English language learning.

Mark:    Exactly.

Steve:    We look forward to hearing more requests for subjects that we can talk about.

Mark:    That was Maryann, by the way, who asked for that. |||マリアン|||||||

Steve:    Thank you Maryann.

Mark:    Thanks Maryann for your feedback. And anyone else out there, if you’d like to hear more about a specific subject just let us know; come onto LingQ and post it on the EnglishLingQ Forum. ||||||||||||||||||||a través de|||||||| Okay, we’ll talk to you later.