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TedEd EDUCATOR TALKS, Licking bees and pulping trees: The reign of a wasp queen - Kenny Coogan

Licking bees and pulping trees: The reign of a wasp queen - Kenny Coogan

As the April sun rises on a pile of firewood,

something royal stirs inside.

This wasp queen is one of thousands who mated in late autumn

and hibernated through the winter.

Now she emerges into the spring air to begin her reign.

Most of her sisters weren't so lucky.

While hibernating in compost piles and underground burrows,

many sleeping queens were eaten by spiders.

Warm winters caused by climate change led other queens to emerge early,

only to find there was no available food.

And some queens that survived the winter fell victim to the threats of spring,

such as carnivorous plants, birds, and manmade pesticides.

Our queen is the lone survivor of her old hive, and now,

she must become the foundress of a new one.

But first, breakfast.

The queen heads for a citrus grove full of honeybee hives.

The bees can be dangerous if provoked,

but right now they're paralyzed by the morning cold.

Their hairy bodies are dripping with sugar water from an earlier feeding,

and the resourceful queen licks them for a morning snack.

Newly energized, our queen searches for a safe nesting area.

This tree hollow, safe from rain, wind, and predators, is ideal.

She chews the surrounding wood and plant fibers

to make a paper-like pulp.

Then she builds around 50 brood cells that comprise the beginning of her nest.

Using sperm stored from last fall,

the queen lays a fertilized egg into each cell,

producing as many as 12 in 20 minutes.

Within a week, these will hatch into female larva.

But until then, the queen must hunt down smaller insects to feed her brood,

all while expanding the hive, laying eggs, and defending against intruders.

Fortunately, our queen is well prepared.

Unlike bees, wasps can sting as many times as they need to.

With such a busy schedule, the queen barely has time to feed herself.

Luckily, she doesn't have to.

When she feeds an insect to her grubs,

they digest the bug into a sugary substance that sustains their mother.

By the end of July, these first larva have matured into adult workers,

ready to take on foraging, building, and defense.

The queen can now lay eggs full-time,

sustaining herself on her worker's spoils and their unfertilized eggs.

Although each worker only lives for roughly 3 weeks,

the queen's continuous egg-laying swells their ranks.

In just one summer, the nest reaches the size of a basketball,

supporting thousands of workers.

Such a large population needs to eat,

and the nearby garden provides a veritable buffet.

As the swarm descends, alarmed humans try to swat them.

They even fight back with pesticides that purposefully poison wasps,

and inadvertently impact a wide-range of local wildlife.

But the wasps are actually vital to this ecosystem.

Sitting at the top of the local invertebrate food chain,

these insects keep spiders, mites, and centipedes, in check.

Wasps consume crop-eating insects,

making them particularly helpful for farms and gardens.

They even pollinate fruits and vegetables,

and help winemakers by biting into their grapes

and jump-starting fermentation.

This feast continues until autumn, when the foundress changes course.

She begins grooming some eggs into a new generation of queens,

while also laying unfertilized eggs

that will mature into reproductive males called drones.

This new crop of queens and males requires more food.

But with summer over, the usual sources run dry,

and the foraging wasps start taking more aggressive risks.

By September, the hive's organization deteriorates.

Hungry workers no longer clean the nest and various scavengers move in.

Just when it seems the hive can no longer sustain itself,

the fertile queens and their drones depart in a massive swarm.

As the days grow colder, the workers starve,

and our queen reaches the end of her lifespan.

But above, a swarm of reproductive wasps has successfully mated.

The males die off shortly after,

but the newly fertilized queens are ready to find shelter for their long sleep.

And this wood pile looks like the perfect place to spend the winter.

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Licking bees and pulping trees: The reign of a wasp queen - Kenny Coogan |||Zerkleinern|Bäume||||||||Coogan Consuming nectar|bees||Crushing into pulp||||||Insect with sting||Kenny|Author's surname Lamber|||triturando||||||vespa||| Bienen lecken und Bäume zermalmen: Die Herrschaft einer Wespenkönigin - Kenny Coogan Lamiendo abejas y despulpando árboles: El reinado de una reina avispa - Kenny Coogan Abeilles à lécher et arbres à dépulper : Le règne d'une reine guêpe - Kenny Coogan ミツバチを舐め、木をすりつぶす:スズメバチ女王蜂の治世 - ケニー・クーガン 벌을 핥고 나무를 펄프화합니다: 말벌 여왕의 통치 - 케니 쿠건 Lizanie pszczół i ścinanie drzew: Rządy królowej os - Kenny Coogan Abelhas lambedoras e árvores despolpadoras: O reinado de uma rainha das vespas - Kenny Coogan Лижущие пчелы и целлюлозные деревья: Правление королевы ос - Кенни Куган Arıları yalamak ve ağaçları kesmek: Bir eşek arısı kraliçesinin saltanatı - Kenny Coogan Бджоли, що лижуть, і дерева, що валять: Правління осиної королеви - Кенні Куган 舔蜜蜂,刨树木:黄蜂女王的统治 - Kenny Coogan

As the April sun rises on a pile of firewood, |||||||||Brennholz |||||||||stack of logs |||||||||lenha Enquanto o sol de abril nasce em uma pilha de lenha, Коли квітневе сонце сходить над купою дров,

something royal stirs inside. ||rührt| ||stirs| |real|move-se|dentro de algo real se agita por dentro. щось королівське ворушиться всередині.

This wasp queen is one of thousands who mated in late autumn ||||||||paarte||| ||||||||engaged in reproduction||late|fall |vespa|rainha||||||acasalou-se||| Ta królowa os jest jedną z tysięcy, które łączyły się w pary późną jesienią Esta rainha da vespa é uma das milhares que acasalaram no final do outono Ця осина королева - одна з тисяч, які спарювалися пізньої осені

and hibernated through the winter. |und überwintert||| |slept through winter||| |hibernou||| e hibernou durante o inverno.

Now she emerges into the spring air to begin her reign. |||||springtime|||||rule Agora ela emerge no ar da primavera para começar seu reinado. Şimdi saltanatına başlamak için bahar havasına çıkıyor. Тепер вона з'являється у весняному повітрі, щоб розпочати своє правління.

Most of her sisters weren't so lucky.

While hibernating in compost piles and underground burrows, |||compostage|tas||| |dormant or inactive||compost||||tunnels |hibernando||montes de composto|||subterrâneas|túneis subterrâneos Enquanto hibernava em pilhas de composto e tocas subterrâneas, Зимують у компостних купах і підземних норах,

many sleeping queens were eaten by spiders. ||||consumed|| ||as rainhas||||aranhas muitas rainhas adormecidas foram comidas por aranhas. багатьох сплячих королев з'їли павуки.

Warm winters caused by climate change led other queens to emerge early, ||||climate change||||||| ||||||levou||||| Invernos quentes causados pela mudança climática levaram outras rainhas a emergir mais cedo, Теплі зими, спричинені зміною клімату, призвели до того, що інші матки з'явилися раніше,

only to find there was no available food. ||||||disponible| apenas para descobrir que não havia comida disponível. Ama hiç yiyecek olmadığını gördük.

And some queens that survived the winter fell victim to the threats of spring, ||female monarchs||||||||||| |||||||||||ameaças|| E algumas rainhas que sobreviveram ao inverno foram vítimas das ameaças da primavera, Ve kışın hayatta kalan bazı kraliçeler, baharın tehditlerine kurban gitti. А деякі матки, що пережили зиму, стали жертвами весняних загроз,

such as carnivorous plants, birds, and manmade pesticides. ||fleischfressend||||| ||Meat-eating|||||chemical pest control ||carnívoras||||sintéticos| como plantas carnívoras, pássaros e pesticidas feitos pelo homem. такі як хижі рослини, птахи та штучні пестициди.

Our queen is the lone survivor of her old hive, and now, |||||||||ruche|| |queen bee||||||||social structure|| |||||sobrevivente||||colmeia|| Nossa rainha é a única sobrevivente de sua antiga colméia, e agora, Наша королева - єдина, хто вижив у своєму старому вулику, і зараз,

she must become the foundress of a new one. ||||fondatrice|||| ||||Gründerin|||| ||||female founder|||| ||||fundadora|||| ela deve se tornar a fundadora de um novo. вона має стати засновницею нового.

But first, breakfast. Mas primeiro, café da manhã.

The queen heads for a citrus grove full of honeybee hives. |||||||||Honigbienen| ||||||small orchard|||bee species|hives ||dirige-se|||citrus grove|pomar de citrinos|cheia de||abelhas-mestras|colmeias de abelhas A rainha dirige-se a um pomar de frutas cítricas cheio de colméias de abelhas. Kraliçe bal arısı kovanlarıyla dolu bir narenciye bahçesine yönelir. Королева прямує до цитрусового гаю, повного бджолиних вуликів.

The bees can be dangerous if provoked, ||||||angered ||||||provocadas As abelhas podem ser perigosas se provocadas, Бджоли можуть бути небезпечними, якщо їх спровокувати,

but right now they're paralyzed by the morning cold. ||||unable to move|||| mas agora eles estão paralisados pelo frio da manhã.

Their hairy bodies are dripping with sugar water from an earlier feeding, ||||covered in|||||||feeding session |peludas|corpos peludos||pingando||||||| Seus corpos peludos estão pingando água com açúcar de uma alimentação anterior, Tüylü vücutlarından daha önceki beslenmelerinden dolayı şekerli su damlıyor, З їхніх волохатих тіл капає цукрова вода від попереднього годування,

and the resourceful queen licks them for a morning snack. ||engenhosa||lambe||||| e a engenhosa rainha os lambe para um lanche matinal. ve becerikli kraliçe sabah atıştırması için onları yalıyor. а винахідлива королева лиже їх на ранковий перекус.

Newly energized, our queen searches for a safe nesting area. |full of energy||queen bee|||||building a nest| |energizada recentemente|||||||local de nidificação| Recém-energizada, nossa rainha busca uma área de nidificação segura.

This tree hollow, safe from rain, wind, and predators, is ideal. ||oco||||vento|||| Esta árvore oca, protegida da chuva, vento e predadores, é ideal. Це дупло дерева, захищене від дощу, вітру та хижаків, є ідеальним.

She chews the surrounding wood and plant fibers |mâche|||||| |gnaws on||||||plant materials |mastiga||as fibras|||| Ela mastiga a madeira circundante e as fibras vegetais Etrafındaki odun ve bitki liflerini çiğniyor Вона пережовує навколишню деревину та рослинні волокна

to make a paper-like pulp. |||||pulpe semblable à |||||fibrous slurry |||||polpa para fazer uma polpa parecida com papel. kağıt benzeri bir hamur yapmak için. щоб отримати целюлозу, схожу на папір.

Then she builds around 50 brood cells that comprise the beginning of her nest. ||||de couvée|||||||| ||||egg chambers|||||||| ||||células de cria|||formam parte||||| Em seguida, ela constrói cerca de 50 células de cria que constituem o início de seu ninho. Daha sonra yuvasının başlangıcını oluşturan yaklaşık 50 kuluçka hücresi inşa eder. Потім вона будує близько 50 виводкових комірок, які складають початок її гнізда.

Using sperm stored from last fall, |sperm|||| ||armazenado||| Usando esperma armazenado desde o outono passado, Geçen sonbahardan saklanan spermleri kullanıyorum, Використовуючи сперму, збережену з минулої осені,

the queen lays a fertilized egg into each cell, ||lays||impregnated|||| ||deposita||fertilizado|||| a rainha põe um ovo fertilizado em cada célula, Kraliçe her hücreye döllenmiş bir yumurta bırakır, королева відкладає запліднене яйце в кожну клітину,

producing as many as 12 in 20 minutes. produzindo até 12 em 20 minutos. 20 dakikada 12 tane üretiyor. виробляючи цілих 12 за 20 хвилин.

Within a week, these will hatch into female larva. |||||emerge from eggs|||immature insects dentro de|||||eclodirão|||larvas fêmeas Dentro de uma semana, eles eclodirão em larvas femininas. Bir hafta içinde bunlar yumurtadan çıkarak dişi larvalara dönüşecektir. За тиждень з них вилупляться личинки-самки.

But until then, the queen must hunt down smaller insects to feed her brood, |||||||||||||progéniture ||||||procurar por|||||||ninhada de larvas Mas até então, a rainha deve caçar insetos menores para alimentar sua ninhada, Ancak o zamana kadar kraliçe, yavrularını beslemek için daha küçük böcekleri avlamak zorundadır, Але до того часу королева повинна полювати на дрібних комах, щоб прогодувати свій виводок,

all while expanding the hive, laying eggs, and defending against intruders. ||||bee colony|||||| ||||colmeia|pondo|||||invasores tudo isso enquanto expande a colmeia, põe ovos e se defende contra intrusos. Tüm bunları kovanı genişletirken, yumurtlarken ve davetsiz misafirlere karşı savunurken yapar. розширюючи вулик, відкладаючи яйця та захищаючись від зловмисників.

Fortunately, our queen is well prepared. Heureusement||||| luckily||||| Felizmente, nossa rainha está bem preparada. Neyse ki kraliçemiz iyi hazırlanmış.

Unlike bees, wasps can sting as many times as they need to. ||stinging insects||||||||| ||vespas||picam||||||| Ao contrário das abelhas, as vespas podem picar quantas vezes forem necessárias. На відміну від бджіл, оси можуть жалити стільки разів, скільки їм потрібно.

With such a busy schedule, the queen barely has time to feed herself. ||||agenda ocupada|||malmente||||| Com uma agenda tão ocupada, a rainha mal tem tempo para se alimentar. Bu kadar yoğun bir programda kraliçenin kendini besleyecek zamanı bile olmuyor.

Luckily, she doesn't have to. Fortunately|||| Felizmente, ela não precisa. Neyse ki buna gerek yok.

When she feeds an insect to her grubs, |||||||larves ||gives food to|||||larvae |||||||Larven |||||||larvas Cuando alimenta a sus larvas con un insecto, Quando ela alimenta suas larvas com um inseto, Kurtçuklarını bir böcekle beslediğinde, Коли вона годує комаху своїми личинками,

they digest the bug into a sugary substance that sustains their mother. |||||||||nourrit|| |||||||||keeps alive|| |||inseto||||||sustenta|| eles digerem o inseto em uma substância açucarada que sustenta sua mãe. Böceği sindirerek annelerini besleyen şekerli bir maddeye dönüştürürler. вони перетравлюють жука на цукристу речовину, яка підтримує їхню матір.

By the end of July, these first larva have matured into adult workers, No final de julho, essas primeiras larvas amadureceram e se tornaram operárias adultas, Temmuz ayının sonunda bu ilk larvalar olgunlaşarak yetişkin işçilere dönüşür, До кінця липня ці перші личинки перетворилися на дорослих робочих особин,

ready to take on foraging, building, and defense. ||||la recherche de nourriture||| ||||coleta de alimentos||| pronto para buscar forrageamento, construção e defesa. готові добувати їжу, будувати та захищати.

The queen can now lay eggs full-time, ||||botar ovos||| A rainha agora pode botar ovos em tempo integral,

sustaining herself on her worker's spoils and their unfertilized eggs. ||||Arbeiter||||unbefruchtet| ||||worker's|plundered resources|||not fertilized eggs| sustentando-se|||||despojos dos trabalhadores|||não fertilizados| sustentando-se com os despojos de seu trabalhador e seus ovos não fertilizados. живиться здобиччю своїх робітників та їхніми незаплідненими яйцями.

Although each worker only lives for roughly 3 weeks, ||||||aproximadamente| Embora cada trabalhador viva apenas cerca de 3 semanas, Хоча кожен працівник живе лише близько 3 тижнів,

the queen's continuous egg-laying swells their ranks. |queen's||||||numbers |||||aumenta||as fileiras a postura contínua da rainha aumenta suas fileiras. безперервне відкладання яєць королевою збільшує їхні ряди.

In just one summer, the nest reaches the size of a basketball, |||||||||||basketball size ||||||atinge||||| Em apenas um verão, o ninho atinge o tamanho de uma bola de basquete,

supporting thousands of workers. |||employees apoiando milhares de trabalhadores. підтримуючи тисячі робітників.

Such a large population needs to eat, Uma população tão grande precisa comer,

and the nearby garden provides a veritable buffet. ||||||true, genuine|feast of options ||||||verdadeira variedade| e o jardim próximo oferece um verdadeiro buffet. а в сусідньому саду - справжній "шведський стіл".

As the swarm descends, alarmed humans try to swat them. ||||||||frapper| |||comes down|alarmed||||hit at| ||enxame|desce|||||afugentar| Enquanto o enxame desce, humanos alarmados tentam golpeá-los. Sürü aşağı inerken, telaşlanan insanlar onları kovalamaya çalışır. Коли рій спускається, стривожені люди намагаються їх відганяти.

They even fight back with pesticides that purposefully poison wasps, |||||||délibérément|| |||||||with deliberate intent|| |||||||intencionalmente||as vespas Eles até lutam com pesticidas que propositalmente envenenam vespas, Hatta eşek arılarını kasıtlı olarak zehirleyen böcek ilaçlarıyla bile savaşıyorlar, Вони навіть дають відсіч пестицидами, які цілеспрямовано отруюють ос,

and inadvertently impact a wide-range of local wildlife. |unintentionally||||||| e, inadvertidamente, impactar uma ampla gama de vida selvagem local. і ненавмисно впливають на широкий спектр місцевої дикої природи.

But the wasps are actually vital to this ecosystem. ||<the wasps>|||||| Pero las avispas son realmente vitales para este ecosistema. Mas as vespas são realmente vitais para este ecossistema. Але оси насправді життєво важливі для цієї екосистеми.

Sitting at the top of the local invertebrate food chain, |||||||Wirbellose Tiere|| |||||||spineless animal|| |||||||invertebrado|| Sentado no topo da cadeia alimentar local de invertebrados, Сидить на вершині місцевого харчового ланцюга безхребетних,

these insects keep spiders, mites, and centipedes, in check. ||||Milben||Tausendfüßler|| ||||tiny arachnids||multi-legged arthropods|| ||||ácaros||centopédias|| esses insetos mantêm aranhas, ácaros e centopéias sob controle. Bu böcekler örümcekleri, akarları ve kırkayakları kontrol altında tutar. Ці комахи тримають під контролем павуків, кліщів та багатоніжок.

Wasps consume crop-eating insects, ||a colheita|| As vespas consomem insetos comedores de plantações, Yaban arıları mahsul yiyen böcekleri tüketir, Оси поїдають комах, що харчуються рослинами,

making them particularly helpful for farms and gardens. |||||agricultural operations|| tornando-os particularmente úteis para fazendas e jardins. Bu da onları özellikle çiftlikler ve bahçeler için yararlı kılıyor. що робить їх особливо корисними для фермерських господарств і садів.

They even pollinate fruits and vegetables, ||polinizam||| Eles até polinizam frutas e vegetais, Вони навіть запилюють фрукти та овочі,

and help winemakers by biting into their grapes ||les vignerons||||| ||grape growers||||| ||os vinicultores||mordendo||| e ajudar os produtores de vinho mordendo suas uvas і допомагають виноробам, кусаючи їхній виноград

and jump-starting fermentation. e o início da fermentação. ve fermantasyonu hızlandırır. і запускає ферментацію.

This feast continues until autumn, when the foundress changes course. |fête||||||fondatrice|| |festa|||||||| Esta festa continua até o outono, quando a fundadora muda de rumo. Це свято триває до осені, коли засновниця змінює курс.

She begins grooming some eggs into a new generation of queens, ||preparação das|||||||| Ella comienza a preparar algunos huevos para formar una nueva generación de reinas, Ela começa a preparar alguns ovos para formar uma nova geração de rainhas, Вона починає виховувати з яєць нове покоління маток,

while also laying unfertilized eggs ||pondant|| ||pondo|não fertilizados| enquanto também põe ovos não fertilizados одночасно відкладаючи незапліднені яйця

that will mature into reproductive males called drones. |||||||drones reprodutivos que irá amadurecer em machos reprodutivos chamados zangões. які перетворяться на репродуктивних самців, що називаються трутнями.

This new crop of queens and males requires more food. ||colheita||||||| Esta nova safra de rainhas e machos requer mais comida. Новому поколінню маток і самців потрібно більше їжі.

But with summer over, the usual sources run dry, ||||||||become depleted Mas com o fim do verão, as fontes usuais secam, Але з настанням літа звичні джерела вичерпуються,

and the foraging wasps start taking more aggressive risks. |||ハチ||||| ||a busca|||||| e as vespas forrageiras começam a correr riscos mais agressivos. і оси-фуражири починають більш агресивно ризикувати.

By September, the hive's organization deteriorates. |||des Stocks|| |||the colony's||falls apart |||||se deteriora Em setembro, a organização da colmeia se deteriora. До вересня організація вулика погіршується.

Hungry workers no longer clean the nest and various scavengers move in. os trabalhadores famintos||||||o ninho|||os decompositores|| Trabalhadores famintos não limpam mais o ninho e vários necrófagos entram. Голодні робітники більше не прибирають гніздо, і туди заселяються різні падальщики.

Just when it seems the hive can no longer sustain itself, |||||colmeia||||| Bem quando parece que a colmeia não consegue mais se sustentar,

the fertile queens and their drones depart in a massive swarm. ||||||leave|||| ||||||||||enxame massivo as férteis rainhas e seus drones partem em um enorme enxame. плідні матки та їхні трутні вилітають величезним роєм.

As the days grow colder, the workers starve, |||||||passam fome Conforme os dias ficam mais frios, os trabalhadores morrem de fome,

and our queen reaches the end of her lifespan. ||||||||durée de vie ||||||||life expectancy |||alcança|||||vida útil e nossa rainha chega ao fim de sua vida.

But above, a swarm of reproductive wasps has successfully mated. |||||||||s'accoupler |||um enxame||||||acasalado Mas acima, um enxame de vespas reprodutivas acasalou-se com sucesso.

The males die off shortly after, ||||pouco depois| Os machos morrem logo depois,

but the newly fertilized queens are ready to find shelter for their long sleep. |||||||||abrigo|||| mas as rainhas recém-fertilizadas estão prontas para encontrar abrigo para seu longo sono. але щойно запліднені матки вже готові знайти притулок для довгого сну.

And this wood pile looks like the perfect place to spend the winter. ||wooden|||||||||| E esta pilha de madeira parece o lugar perfeito para passar o inverno. І ця купа деревини виглядає як ідеальне місце для зимівлі.