×

Używamy ciasteczek, aby ulepszyć LingQ. Odwiedzając stronę wyrażasz zgodę na nasze polityka Cookie.


image

•TED TALKS•, Kelly McGonigal: How to make stress your friend

Kelly McGonigal: How to make stress your friend

I have a confession to make, but first, I want you to make a little confession to me.

In the past year, I want you to just raise your hand if you've experienced relatively little stress.

Anyone? How about a moderate amount of stress?

Who has experienced a lot of stress?

Yeah. Me too. But that is not my confession.

My confession is this: I am a health psychologist, and my mission is to help people be happier and healthier. But I fear that something I've been teaching for the last 10 years is doing more harm than good, and it has to do with stress.For years I've been telling people, stress makes you sick. It increases the risk of everything from the common cold to cardiovascular disease. Basically, I've turned stress into the enemy. But I have changed my mind about stress, and today, I want to change yours. Let me start with the study that made me rethink my whole approach to stress.

This study tracked 30,000 adults in the United States for eight years, and they started by asking people, "How much stress have you experienced in the last year? " They also asked, "Do you believe that stress is harmful for your health? " And then they used public death records to find out who died. (Laughter)

Okay.

Some bad news first. People who experienced a lot of stress in the previous year had a 43 percent increased risk of dying. But that was only true for the people who also believed that stress is harmful for your health. (Laughter) People who experienced a lot of stress but did not view stress as harmful were no more likely to die. In fact, they had the lowest risk of dying of anyone in the study, including people who had relatively little stress. Now the researchers estimated that over the eight years they were tracking deaths, 182,000 Americans died prematurely, not from stress, but from the belief that stress is bad for you.

(Laughter) That is over 20,000 deaths a year. Now, if that estimate is correct, that would make believing stress is bad for you the 15th largest cause of death in the United States last year, killing more people than skin cancer, HIV/AIDS and homicide. (Laughter)

You can see why this study freaked me out.

Here I've been spending so much energy telling people stress is bad for your health. So this study got me wondering: Can changing how you think about stress make you healthier?

And here the science says yes. When you change your mind about stress, you can change your body's response to stress. Now to explain how this works, I want you all to pretend that you are participants in a study designed to stress you out.

It's called the social stress test. You come into the laboratory,and you're told you have to give a five-minute impromptu speech on your personal weaknesses to a panel of expert evaluators sitting right in front of you, and to make sure you feel the pressure, there are bright lights and a camera in your face, kind of like this. And the evaluators have been trained to give you discouraging, non-verbal feedback like this. (Laughter)

Now that you're sufficiently demoralized, time for part two: a math test.

And unbeknownst to you, the experimenter has been trained to harass you during it. Now we're going to all do this together. It's going to be fun. For me. Okay.

I want you all to count backwards from 996 in increments of seven. You're going to do this out loud as fast as you can, starting with 996. Go! Audience: (Counting) Go faster. Faster please. You're going too slow. Stop. Stop, stop, stop. That guy made a mistake. We are going to have to start all over again. (Laughter) You're not very good at this, are you?Okay, so you get the idea. Now, if you were actually in this study, you'd probably be a little stressed out. Your heart might be pounding, you might be breathing faster, maybe breaking out into a sweat. And normally, we interpret these physical changes as anxiety or signs that we aren't coping very well with the pressure. But what if you viewed them instead as signs that your body was energized, was preparing you to meet this challenge?

Now that is exactly what participants were told in a study conducted at Harvard University. Before they went through the social stress test, they were taught to rethink their stress response as helpful. That pounding heart is preparing you for action. If you're breathing faster, it's no problem. It's getting more oxygen to your brain. And participants who learned to view the stress response as helpful for their performance, well, they were less stressed out, less anxious, more confident, but the most fascinating finding to me was how their physical stress response changed. Now, in a typical stress response,your heart rate goes up, and your blood vessels constrict like this. And this is one of the reasons that chronic stress is sometimes associated with cardiovascular disease. It's not really healthy to be in this state all the time. But in the study, when participants viewed their stress response as helpful, their blood vessels stayed relaxed like this. Their heart was still pounding, but this is a much healthier cardiovascular profile. It actually looks a lot like what happens in moments of joy and courage. Over a lifetime of stressful experiences, this one biological change could be the difference between a stress-induced heart attack at age 50and living well into your 90s. And this is really what the new science of stress reveals, that how you think about stress matters. So my goal as a health psychologist has changed.

I no longer want to get rid of your stress.I want to make you better at stress. And we just did a little intervention. If you raised your hand and said you'd had a lot of stress in the last year, we could have saved your life,because hopefully the next time your heart is pounding from stress, you're going to remember this talk and you're going to think to yourself, this is my body helping me rise to this challenge. And when you view stress in that way, your body believes you, and your stress response becomes healthier. Now I said I have over a decade of demonizing stress to redeem myself from, so we are going to do one more intervention.

I want to tell you about one of the most under-appreciated aspects of the stress response, and the idea is this: Stress makes you social. To understand this side of stress, we need to talk about a hormone, oxytocin, and I know oxytocin has already gotten as much hype as a hormone can get.

It even has its own cute nickname, the cuddle hormone, because it's released when you hug someone. But this is a very small part of what oxytocin is involved in. Oxytocin is a neuro-hormone. It fine-tunes your brain's social instincts. It primes you to do things that strengthen close relationships.Oxytocin makes you crave physical contact with your friends and family. It enhances your empathy. It even makes you more willing to help and support the people you care about.Some people have even suggested we should snort oxytocin to become more compassionate and caring. But here's what most people don't understand about oxytocin.It's a stress hormone. Your pituitary gland pumps this stuff out as part of the stress response. It's as much a part of your stress response as the adrenaline that makes your heart pound. And when oxytocin is released in the stress response, it is motivating you to seek support. Your biological stress response is nudging you to tell someone how you feel instead of bottling it up. Your stress response wants to make sure you notice when someone else in your life is struggling so that you can support each other. When life is difficult, your stress response wants you to be surrounded by people who care about you. Okay, so how is knowing this side of stress going to make you healthier?

Well, oxytocin doesn't only act on your brain. It also acts on your body, and one of its main roles in your body is to protect your cardiovascular system from the effects of stress. It's a natural anti-inflammatory. It also helps your blood vessels stay relaxed during stress. But my favorite effect on the body is actually on the heart. Your heart has receptors for this hormone, and oxytocin helps heart cells regenerate and heal from any stress-induced damage. This stress hormone strengthens your heart, and the cool thing is that all of these physical benefits of oxytocin are enhanced by social contact and social support, so when you reach out to others under stress, either to seek support or to help someone else, you release more of this hormone, your stress response becomes healthier, and you actually recover faster from stress. I find this amazing, that your stress response has a built-in mechanism for stress resilience, and that mechanism is human connection. I want to finish by telling you about one more study.

And listen up, because this study could also save a life. This study tracked about 1,000 adults in the United States, and they ranged in age from 34 to 93, and they started the study by asking, "How much stress have you experienced in the last year? " They also asked, "How much time have you spent helping out friends, neighbors, people in your community? " And then they used public records for the next five years to find out who died. Okay, so the bad news first: For every major stressful life experience, like financial difficulties or family crisis, that increased the risk of dying by 30 percent.

But -- and I hope you are expecting a but by now -- but that wasn't true for everyone. People who spent time caring for others showed absolutely no stress-related increase in dying. Zero. Caring created resilience. And so we see once again that the harmful effects of stress on your health are not inevitable. How you think and how you act can transform your experience of stress. When you choose to view your stress response as helpful, you create the biology of courage. And when you choose to connect with others under stress, you can create resilience. Now I wouldn't necessarily ask for more stressful experiences in my life, but this science has given me a whole new appreciation for stress. Stress gives us access to our hearts. The compassionate heart that finds joy and meaning in connecting with others, and yes, your pounding physical heart, working so hard to give you strength and energy, and when you choose to view stress in this way, you're not just getting better at stress, you're actually making a pretty profound statement. You're saying that you can trust yourself to handle life's challenges, and you're remembering that you don't have to face them alone. Thank you.

(Applause)

Chris Anderson: This is kind of amazing, what you're telling us.

It seems amazing to me that a belief about stress can make so much difference to someone's life expectancy. How would that extend to advice, like, if someone is making a lifestyle choice between, say, a stressful job and a non-stressful job, does it matter which way they go? It's equally wise to go for the stressful job so long as you believe that you can handle it, in some sense? Kelly McGonigal: Yeah, and one thing we know for certain is that chasing meaning is better for your health than trying to avoid discomfort.

And so I would say that's really the best way to make decisions, is go after what it is that creates meaning in your life and then trust yourself to handle the stress that follows. CA: Thank you so much, Kelly.

It's pretty cool. KM: Thank you. (Applause)

Kelly McGonigal: How to make stress your friend Kelly McGonigal: Psychologist, Speaker|McGonigal: Stress expert|||||| |McGonigal|||||| |||||estrés|| Kelly McGonigal: Wie man Stress zu seinem Freund macht Kelly McGonigal: Πώς να κάνετε το άγχος φίλο σας Kelly McGonigal: Cómo convertir el estrés en tu amigo Kelly McGonigal : Comment faire du stress votre ami ケリー・マクゴニガル:友達にストレスを与える方法 켈리 맥고니걸: 스트레스를 친구로 만드는 방법 Kelly McGonigal: kaip stresą paversti savo draugu Kelly McGonigal: Hoe je van stress je vriend maakt Kelly McGonigal: Jak uczynić stres swoim przyjacielem Kelly McGonigal: Como fazer do stress seu amigo Келли МакГонигал: Как сделать стресс своим другом Kelly McGonigal: Stresi nasıl arkadaşınız haline getirebilirsiniz? Келлі Макгонігал: Як зробити стрес своїм другом 凯利麦格尼格尔:如何让压力成为你的朋友

I have a confession to make, but first, I want you to make a little confession to me. ich|||Geständnis|||||||||||||| |||admission of truth|||||||||||||| |||confesión||hacer|||||||hacer|||confesión|| Я должен сделать признание, но сначала я хочу, чтобы вы сделали небольшое признание мне.

In the past year, I want you to just raise your hand |||||||||to raise|| |||||||||levantar|| Ich möchte, dass Sie im vergangenen Jahr die Hand heben En el último año, quiero que levante la mano В прошлом году я хочу, чтобы вы просто подняли руку if you’ve experienced relatively little stress. |||comparatively little|| |||||stress ||experimentado||| wenn Sie relativ wenig Stress erlebt haben.

Anyone? ¿Alguien? How about a moderate amount of stress? ||||||stress |||Moderado||| Wie wäre es mit einem moderaten Maß an Stress?

Who has experienced a lot of stress? ||experienced|||| Wer hat viel Stress erlebt?

Yeah. Ага. Me too. Я тоже. But that is not my confession. |||||statement

My confession is this: I am a health psychologist, and my mission is to help people be happier and healthier. |||||||||||goal||||||||more physically well |confessione||||||salute||||mission|||||||| |||||||salud|psicólogo de salud|||misión||||||más felices||más saludables My confession is this: I am a health psychologist, and my mission is to help people be happier and healthier. 저는 건강 심리학자이며, 사람들이 더 행복하고 건강해질 수 있도록 돕는 것이 저의 사명입니다. But I fear that something I’ve been teaching for the last 10 years is doing more harm than good, and it has to do with stress.For years I’ve been telling people, stress makes you sick. ||||||||||||||||||||||||压力|||||||||| |||||||||||||||damage or injury||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||harmful effect||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||harm|||e|||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||está causando||daño|||||||||||||||||||enfermo/a Но я боюсь, что то, чему я учу последние 10 лет, приносит больше вреда, чем пользы, и это связано со стрессом. Годами я говорил людям, что от стресса тошнит. It increases the risk of everything from the common cold to cardiovascular disease. |||||||||||heart and blood| |aumenta||riesgo||||||||cardiovascular| Es erhöht das Risiko von Erkältungskrankheiten bis hin zu Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Это увеличивает риск всего, от простуды до сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. 它会增加从普通感冒到心血管疾病等各种疾病的风险。 Basically, I’ve turned stress into the enemy. ||||||enemigo Im Grunde habe ich mir den Stress zum Feind gemacht. 기본적으로 저는 스트레스를 적으로 만들었습니다. В принципе, я превратил стресс в противника. But I have changed my mind about stress, and today, I want to change yours. 하지만 저는 스트레스에 대한 생각을 바꿨고, 오늘은 여러분의 생각을 바꾸고 싶습니다. Но я изменил свое мнение о стрессе, и сегодня я хочу изменить ваше. Let me start with the study that made me rethink my whole approach to stress. ||||||||||||Ansatz||Stress |||||||||reconsider||||| |||||||||to reconsider||||| |||||||||to rethink||||| |||||||||replantear|||enfoque|| Lassen Sie mich mit der Studie beginnen, die mich dazu gebracht hat, meinen gesamten Umgang mit Stress zu überdenken. 스트레스에 대한 저의 접근 방식을 다시 생각하게 만든 연구부터 말씀드리겠습니다.

This study tracked 30,000 adults in the United States for eight years, and they started by asking people, "How much stress have you experienced in the last year? ||ha seguito|||||||||||||||||||||||| ||rastreó|||||||||||||||||||||||| 이 연구는 미국 성인 3만 명을 8년 동안 추적한 것으로, 연구진은 사람들에게 "지난 1년간 얼마나 많은 스트레스를 경험했습니까?"라고 질문하는 것으로 시작했습니다. " They also asked, "Do you believe that stress is harmful for your health? |||||||||detrimental||| |||||||||dannoso||| |||||||||perjudicial||| " And then they used public death records to find out who died. ||他们||||||||| ||||||death certificates||||| ||||||registros de defunción||||| " Dann haben sie anhand der öffentlichen Sterberegister herausgefunden, wer gestorben ist. " Y luego utilizaron los registros públicos de defunción para averiguar quién había muerto. "그런 다음 공개 사망 기록을 사용하여 누가 사망했는지 알아냈습니다. ”然后他们利用公开的死亡记录来查明死者。 (Laughter) (웃음)

Okay. 알겠습니다.

Some bad news first. algunas||| 먼저 나쁜 소식이 있습니다. People who experienced a lot of stress in the previous year had a 43 percent increased risk of dying. |||||||||||||||||to die |||||||||anterior|||||aumentado|||morir 작년에 스트레스를 많이 경험한 사람은 사망 위험이 43% 증가했습니다. 去年经历过巨大压力的人死亡风险增加 43%。 But that was only true for the people who also believed that stress is harmful for your health. ||||||||||||stress||||| ||||||||||creían||||perjudicial para|||salud 하지만 이는 스트레스가 건강에 해롭다고 믿는 사람들에게만 해당되는 이야기입니다. 但这仅适用于那些也相信压力有害健康的人。 (Laughter) People who experienced a lot of stress but did not view stress as harmful were no more likely to die. |||||||||||verbo auxiliar||||||||| (Gelächter) Menschen, die viel Stress erlebten, ihn aber nicht als schädlich ansahen, hatten kein höheres Sterberisiko. (Risas) Las personas que experimentaron mucho estrés pero no lo consideraron dañino no tenían más probabilidades de morir. (웃음) 스트레스를 많이 받았지만 스트레스를 해롭다고 생각하지 않는 사람들은 사망할 확률이 더 낮았습니다. (Смех) Люди, которые пережили много стресса, но не считали его вредным, имели меньше шансов умереть. In fact, they had the lowest risk of dying of anyone in the study, including people who had relatively little stress. |||||minimal||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||study = research||||||| |De hecho||||más bajo||||||||||||||| De hecho, tenían el riesgo más bajo de morir de cualquier persona en el estudio, incluyendo a las personas que tenían relativamente poco estrés. 실제로 이들은 스트레스가 상대적으로 적은 사람들을 포함하여 연구 대상자 중 사망 위험이 가장 낮았습니다. На самом деле, у них был самый низкий риск смерти из всех участников исследования, включая людей, у которых был относительно небольшой стресс. 事实上,在研究中,他们的死亡风险是最低的,包括那些压力相对较小的人。 Now the researchers estimated that over the eight years they were tracking deaths, 182,000 Americans died prematurely, not from stress, but from the belief that stress is bad for you. |||||||||||monitoring||||before their time||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||過早地||||||||||||| ||||||||Jahren|||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||prematuremente||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||过早地||||||||||||| ||investigadores|estimaron||||||||rastreando|muertes|estadounidenses||prematuramente||||||||||||| Ahora, los investigadores estimaron que durante los ocho años en los que estuvieron siguiendo las muertes, 182,000 estadounidenses murieron prematuramente, no a causa del estrés, sino debido a la creencia de que el estrés es malo para ti. Теперь исследователи подсчитали, что за восемь лет, которые они отслеживали, 182 000 американцев умерли преждевременно, но не из-за стресса, а из-за веры в то, что стресс вреден для человека. 现在,研究人员估计,在他们追踪死亡情况的八年内,有18.2万美国人过早死亡,不是因为压力,而是因为相信压力对你有害。

(Laughter) That is over 20,000 deaths a year. laughter|||||| risa|||||| (笑声)这是每年超过2万人死亡。 Now, if that estimate is correct, that would make believing stress is bad for you the 15th largest cause of death in the United States last year, killing more people than skin cancer, HIV/AIDS and homicide. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||杀人罪 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Mord |||approximate calculation||||||||||||||||||||||||causing the death||||||HIV/AIDS|HIV/AIDS||murder or manslaughter |||estimate||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||estimación||||||creer que||||||||||||||||||matando a más|||||cáncer de piel|VIH/SIDA|VIH/SIDA||homicidio Теперь, если эта оценка верна, это сделало бы убеждение, что стресс вреден для вас, заняло бы 15-е место среди основных причин смерти в Соединенных Штатах в прошлом году, убивая больше людей, чем рак кожи, ВИЧ / СПИД и убийства. 现在,如果这个估计是正确的,那么相信压力对你不利将成为去年美国第 15 大死因,比皮肤癌、艾滋病毒/艾滋病和他杀造成的死亡人数还要多。 现在,如果这个估计是正确的,那么相信压力对你有害将成为去年美国第15大死因,比皮肤癌、艾滋病毒和谋杀致死更多人。 (Laughter) Risa (Risas) (笑声)

You can see why this study freaked me out. ||||||||aus ||||||scared me greatly|| ||||||freaked|| ||||||scared|| ||||||asustó|| Sie können sich vorstellen, warum mich diese Studie aufgeregt hat. Вы можете понять, почему это исследование испугало меня.

Here I’ve been spending so much energy telling people stress is bad for your health. ||||||||||||||salute |||||||||||mala|||salud Здесь я потратил так много энергии, говоря людям, что стресс вреден для вашего здоровья. So this study got me wondering: Can changing how you think about stress make you healthier? |||||nachdenken|||||||||| ||||||||||||stress||| |||||||||||||||mais saudável |||||||||||||||más saludable Итак, это исследование заставило меня задаться вопросом: может ли измениться то, как вы думаете о стрессе, делает вас здоровее?

And here the science says yes. И здесь наука говорит «да». When you change your mind about stress, you can change your body’s response to stress. |||||||||||physical reaction||| |||||||||||your body’s||| |||||acerca de|||||||||estrés 当您改变对压力的看法时,您的身体对压力的反应就可以改变。 Now to explain how this works, I want you all to pretend that you are participants in a study designed to stress you out. |||||||||||act as if|||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||estressar|| Um zu erklären, wie das funktioniert, möchte ich Sie alle bitten, so zu tun, als ob Sie an einer Studie teilnehmen, die Sie unter Stress setzen soll. Теперь, чтобы объяснить, как это работает, я хочу, чтобы вы все притворились участниками исследования, целью которого было вызвать у вас стресс. 现在为了解释这是如何运作的,我希望大家假装自己是一项旨在给你压力的研究的参与者。

It’s called the social stress test. Это называется тест на социальный стресс. You come into the laboratory,and you’re told you have to give a five-minute impromptu speech on your personal weaknesses to a panel of expert evaluators sitting right in front of you, and to make sure you feel the pressure, there are bright lights and a camera in your face, kind of like this. |||这个||||||||||||即兴演讲|||||||||||评估员|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||spontane|||||||||||Gutachtern||direkt|||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||unprepared or spontaneous|||||personal shortcomings|||group of judges|||expert judges|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||improvisado||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Вы приходите в лабораторию, и вам говорят, что вам нужно дать пятиминутную импровизированную речь о ваших личных недостатках группе экспертов-оценщиков, сидящей прямо перед вами, и чтобы убедиться, что вы чувствуете давление, есть яркие огни и камера в вашем лице, вроде как это. And the evaluators have been trained to give you discouraging, non-verbal feedback like this. |||||||||令人沮丧的||||| ||Bewertende|||||||||||| |||||||||disheartening||spoken communication|negative responses|| y|||||||||||||| И оценщики были обучены давать вам обескураживающую невербальную обратную связь, подобную этой. (Laughter) (笑声)

Now that you’re sufficiently demoralized, time for part two: a math test. ||||士气低落||||||数学测试| ||||disheartened||||||| ||||demoralizzato||||||math = math|test |||||||||bir|| Nun, da Sie ausreichend demoralisiert sind, ist es Zeit für Teil zwei: einen Mathe-Test. Теперь, когда вы достаточно деморализованы, пришло время для второй части: контрольной по математике.

And unbeknownst to you, the experimenter has been trained to harass you during it. |在你不知情的情况下||||实验者|||||骚扰||| |ohne dass du es||||Versuchsleiter|||||belästigen||| |without your knowledge||||researcher|||||bother or intimidate||| |||||l'esperimento|||||harass||| |sem o seu conhecimento|||||||||incomodar||| Y sin que usted lo sepa, el experimentador ha sido entrenado para acosarle durante la misma. И без вашего ведома экспериментатор был обучен беспокоить вас во время этого. Now we’re going to all do this together. |||||||insieme |biz|gidiyoruz||||| Теперь мы собираемся сделать это все вместе. It’s going to be fun. ||||divertente |va a||| Будет весело. For me. Okay. Okay

I want you all to count backwards from 996 in increments of seven. |||||||||递增量|| |||||||||Schritten|| ||||||backwards|||incrementi|| |||||contem|para trás||em||| |||||||||steps of seven|| Я хочу, чтобы вы все посчитали назад с 996 с шагом в семь. You’re going to do this out loud as fast as you can, starting with 996. ||||||loud||||||| 从 996 开始,您要尽可能快地大声说出这一点。 Go! Audience: (Counting) Go faster. |Speed it up.|| Faster please. |per favore You’re going too slow. |||slowly Ты идешь слишком медленно. Stop. Stop, stop, stop. That guy made a mistake. |guy||| We are going to have to start all over again. ||||||começar||| Нам придется начать все заново. (Laughter) You’re not very good at this, are you?Okay, so you get the idea. risa||||||this|||okay||||| (Gelächter) Sie sind nicht sehr gut darin, oder? Okay, Sie haben es verstanden. (웃음) 이런 거 잘 못하시죠? 알았어요, 무슨 말인지 아시겠죠? (Смех) Ты не очень хорош в этом, не так ли? Ладно, так ты получишь эту идею. Now, if you were actually in this study, you’d probably be a little stressed out. |||||||study = research||||||| Теперь, если бы вы были на самом деле в этом исследовании, вы, вероятно, немного стеснялись бы. Your heart might be pounding, you might be breathing faster, maybe breaking out into a sweat. ||||怦怦跳||||||||||| |||exist|beating rapidly|||||||||||perspiring ||||batendo forte||||||||||| ||||palpitando|||||||rompiendo||||sudor Puede que el corazón le lata con fuerza, que respire más deprisa o que empiece a sudar. Ваше сердце может колотиться, вы можете дышать чаще, возможно, вас покроет пот. 也许你的心跳加快,呼吸急促,甚至开始出汗。 And normally, we interpret these physical changes as anxiety or signs that we aren’t coping very well with the pressure. ||wir|deuten|||||||||||bewältigen||||| ||||||||||||||handling the pressure||||| ||||||||||||nós||lidando||||| И обычно мы интерпретируем эти физические изменения как беспокойство или признаки того, что мы не очень хорошо справляемся с давлением. 通常,我们会把这些身体变化解释为焦虑或是我们无法很好地应对压力的迹象。 But what if you viewed them instead as signs that your body was energized, was preparing you to meet this challenge? ||||betrachtest|||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||full of energy||||||| |||||||||||||||se estaba preparando||||| 하지만 이러한 증상을 몸이 활력을 되찾았다는 신호로 본다면, 이 도전에 맞설 준비가 되어 있다고 볼 수 있을까요? Но что, если вы рассматривали их вместо этого как признаки того, что ваше тело было под напряжением, готовили ли вы вас к этому решению? 但如果你把它们看作是你的身体被激活、在准备好迎接挑战的迹象呢?

Now that is exactly what participants were told in a study conducted at Harvard University. |||||||||||durchgeführt||| |||||||||||||Harvard University| 하버드 대학교에서 실시한 연구에서 참가자들은 바로 이 말을 들었습니다. Теперь это именно то, что участники рассказали в исследовании, проведенном в Гарвардском университете. Before they went through the social stress test, they were taught to rethink their stress response as helpful. |||||社交|||||||||||| ||||||||||||||estresse||| 사회적 스트레스 테스트를 받기 전에는 자신의 스트레스 반응을 도움이 되는 것으로 다시 생각하도록 교육받았습니다. Прежде чем они прошли тест на социальный стресс, их научили переосмысливать свою реакцию на стресс как полезную. That pounding heart is preparing you for action. |thumping|||||| Das klopfende Herz bereitet Sie auf das Handeln vor. If you’re breathing faster, it’s no problem. It’s getting more oxygen to your brain. And participants who learned to view the stress response as helpful for their performance, well, they were less stressed out, less anxious, more confident, but the most fascinating finding to me was how their physical stress response changed. |参与者|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||work effectiveness||||||||||||||most intriguing aspect|||||||||| А участники, которые научились рассматривать реакцию на стресс как полезную для их выступления, были менее напряжены, менее обеспокоены, более уверены в себе, но самым захватывающим открытием для меня было то, как изменилась их реакция на физический стресс. Now, in a typical stress response,your heart rate goes up, and your blood vessels constrict like this. |||||||||||||||收缩|| |||||||||||||||verengen|| ||||||||||||||blood channels|narrow or tighten|| |||tipica|||||||||||||| And this is one of the reasons that chronic stress is sometimes associated with cardiovascular disease. ||||||||persistent||||||| |||||||||||||||malattia It’s not really healthy to be in this state all the time. Это не здорово быть в этом состоянии все время. But in the study, when participants viewed their stress response as helpful, their blood vessels stayed relaxed like this. Но в исследовании, когда участники рассматривали их реакцию стресса как полезные, их кровеносные сосуды оставались расслабленными, как это. Their heart was still pounding, but this is a much healthier cardiovascular profile. |||||||||||cardiovascular| Их сердце все еще колотилось, но это гораздо более здоровый сердечно-сосудистый профиль. It actually looks a lot like what happens in moments of joy and courage. |||||||||||||Mut На самом деле это очень похоже на то, что происходит в моменты радости и мужества. Over a lifetime of stressful experiences, this one biological change could be the difference between a stress-induced heart attack at age 50and living well into your 90s. ||||||||physiological|||||||||caused by stress|||||||||| В течение жизни стрессовых переживаний это одно биологическое изменение могло быть разницей между сердечным приступом, вызванным стрессом, в возрасте 50 лет и хорошо живущим в ваши 90-е годы. 在一生中充满压力的经历中,这种生物学上的变化可能成为在50岁患压力诱发心脏病和活到90多岁之间的差别。 And this is really what the new science of stress reveals, that how you think about stress matters. ||||||||||shows||||||| 新的压力科学真正揭示了一个事实,那就是你对压力的看法很重要。 So my goal as a health psychologist has changed. |||||salud|psicóloga de salud|| Поэтому моя цель как психолога здоровья изменилась. 所以,作为一名健康心理学家,我的目标发生了变化。

I no longer want to get rid of your stress.I want to make you better at stress. ||||||||||||||||应对| Eu|||||me livrar|||||||||||| Я больше не хочу избавляться от стресса. Я хочу сделать тебя лучше в стрессе. And we just did a little intervention. ||||||干预行动 ||||||Intervention ||||||small interference И мы просто немного вмешались. If you raised your hand and said you’d had a lot of stress in the last year, we could have saved your life,because hopefully the next time your heart is pounding from stress, you’re going to remember this talk and you’re going to think to yourself, this is my body helping me rise to this challenge. ||||||||||||||||||||gerettet|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||recordarás||||||||||||||||elevarse||| Если бы вы подняли руку и сказали, что в прошлом году у вас было много стресса, мы могли бы спасти вам жизнь, потому что, надеюсь, в следующий раз, когда ваше сердце будет колотиться от стресса, вы вспомните этот разговор, и вы Я буду думать про себя, это мое тело помогает мне принять этот вызов. And when you view stress in that way, your body believes you, and your stress response becomes healthier. ||||||||||||||||se vuelve| И когда вы смотрите на стресс таким образом, ваше тело верит вам, и ваша реакция на стресс становится более здоровой. Now I said I have over a decade of demonizing stress to redeem myself from, so we are going to do one more intervention. |||||||||妖魔化|||弥补||||||||||| ||||||||||||um mich zu rehabilit|||||||||||Intervention |||||||||vilifying|||make up for||||||||||| ||||||||||estresse||redimir||||||||||| Ahora||||||||||||||||||vamos a||||| Теперь я сказал, что у меня есть более десяти лет демонического стресса, от которого нужно избавиться, поэтому мы собираемся сделать еще одно вмешательство.

I want to tell you about one of the most under-appreciated aspects of the stress response, and the idea is this: Stress makes you social. |||||||||||weniger geschätzten|||||Reaktion||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||social Я хочу рассказать вам об одном из самых недооцененных аспектов стресс-реакции, и идея такова: стресс делает вас социальными. 我想告诉你关于压力反应中最受低估的一个方面,这个想法是:压力让你更社交。 To understand this side of stress, we need to talk about a hormone, oxytocin, and I know oxytocin has already gotten as much hype as a hormone can get. |||||||||||||催产素||||||||||炒作||||| |||||||||||||Oxytocin||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||hormone, oxytocin||||||||||excessive promotion||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||publicidad exagerada||||| ||||||||||||||||||||recebido|||||||| Чтобы понять эту сторону стресса, нам нужно поговорить о гормоне, окситоцине, и я знаю, что окситоцин уже получил столько шума, сколько может получить гормон. 为了理解压力的这一面,我们需要谈谈一个激素,催产素,我知道催产素已经得到了与激素一样多的炒作。

It even has its own cute nickname, the cuddle hormone, because it’s released when you hug someone. ||||||||拥抱激素|||||||| ||||||||hug hormone|||||||| ||||||||abraço||porque|||||| |incluso||||||||||||||| Incluso tiene su propio apodo, la hormona del abrazo, porque se libera cuando se abraza a alguien. У него даже есть свое милое прозвище — гормон объятий, потому что он выделяется, когда вы кого-то обнимаете. 它甚至有自己可爱的昵称,拥抱激素,因为当你拥抱某人时就会释放它。 But this is a very small part of what oxytocin is involved in. |||||||||oxitocina||| Но это очень малая часть того, что участвует окситоцин. Oxytocin is a neuro-hormone. It fine-tunes your brain’s social instincts. Это тонко настраивает социальные инстинкты вашего мозга. It primes you to do things that strengthen close relationships.Oxytocin makes you crave physical contact with your friends and family. |促使||||||||||||||||||| Isso|prepara||||||||||||||||||| Он побуждает вас делать то, что укрепляет близкие отношения. Окситоцин заставляет вас жаждать физического контакта с друзьями и семьей. 它让你做一些增强亲密关系的事情。催产素让你渴望与朋友和家人进行身体接触。 It enhances your empathy. 它增强了你的移情能力。 It even makes you more willing to help and support the people you care about.Some people have even suggested we should snort oxytocin to become more compassionate and caring. ||||||||||||||||||||||吸入|||||有同情心的|| ||||||||||||||||||||||schnüffeln|||||mitfühlend|| ||||||||||||||||||||||cheirar||||||| Algunas personas incluso han sugerido que deberíamos esnifar oxitocina para ser más compasivos y solidarios. Это даже заставляет вас больше желать помогать и поддерживать людей, которых вы заботитесь. Некоторые люди даже предложили нам высмеять окситоцин, чтобы стать более сострадательным и заботливым. 它甚至让你更愿意帮助和支持你关心的人。一些人甚至提议我们应该吸入催产素来变得更富有同情心和关爱。 But here’s what most people don’t understand about oxytocin.It’s a stress hormone. ||||||||||um|| ||||||||oxitocina|||| Your pituitary gland pumps this stuff out as part of the stress response. |垂体腺|腺体|||||||||| Ihre|Hypophyse|Drüse|pumpt||||||||| |hipófise|glândula|libera||||||||| It’s as much a part of your stress response as the adrenaline that makes your heart pound. |||||||||||肾上腺素||||| ||||||||||||||||bata Это такая же часть вашей реакции на стресс, как адреналин, который заставляет ваше сердце биться чаще. 它与使你心脏狂跳的肾上腺素一样,是你应激反应的一部分。 And when oxytocin is released in the stress response, it is motivating you to seek support. И когда окситоцин высвобождается в ответ на стресс, это побуждает вас искать поддержки. 当催产素在应激反应中释放时,它会激励你寻求支持。 Your biological stress response is nudging you to tell someone how you feel instead of bottling it up. |||||促使||||||||||憋在心里|| |||||anstupsen|||||||||||| |||||empurrando|||||como|||||engarrafando|| Tu respuesta biológica al estrés te empuja a contarle a alguien cómo te sientes en lugar de reprimirlo. Ваша реакция на биологический стресс подталкивает вас рассказать кому-то, что вы чувствуете, а не разливать его. 你的生物应激反应在促使你告诉别人你的感受,而不是把它压抑起来。 Your stress response wants to make sure you notice when someone else in your life is struggling so that you can support each other. ||||||||||||||||está lutando||||||| When life is difficult, your stress response wants you to be surrounded by people who care about you. Okay, so how is knowing this side of stress going to make you healthier? ||||saber sobre||||||||| Хорошо, так как знать, что эта сторона стресса сделает вас здоровее?

Well, oxytocin doesn’t only act on your brain. Ну, окситоцин действует не только на ваш мозг. It also acts on your body, and one of its main roles in your body is to protect your cardiovascular system from the effects of stress. It’s a natural anti-inflammatory. ||||消炎的 It also helps your blood vessels stay relaxed during stress. |||||vasos sanguíneos|||| |||||vasos sanguíneos|||| But my favorite effect on the body is actually on the heart. Your heart has receptors for this hormone, and oxytocin helps heart cells regenerate and heal from any stress-induced damage. ||||||激素||||||||||||诱发的| ||||||||||||||sanar||||| This stress hormone strengthens your heart, and the cool thing is that all of these physical benefits of oxytocin are enhanced by social contact and social support, so when you reach out to others under stress, either to seek support or to help someone else, you release more of this hormone, your stress response becomes healthier, and you actually recover faster from stress. ||||||||||||||||||||增强|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||fortalece||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||fortalece|||||||||||||||oxitocina||mejoradas||||||||||te comunicas|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Этот стресс-гормон усиливает ваше сердце, и здорово, что все эти физические преимущества окситоцина усиливаются благодаря социальному контакту и социальной поддержке, поэтому, когда вы обращаетесь к другим, находящимся под стрессом, или обращаетесь за помощью или помогаете кому-то другому, вы высвободите больше этого гормона, ваш ответ на стресс становится более здоровым, и вы действительно быстрее восстанавливаетесь от стресса. I find this amazing, that your stress response has a built-in mechanism for stress resilience, and that mechanism is human connection. ||||||||||||||压力反应|抗压能力|||||| I want to finish by telling you about one more study.

And listen up, because this study could also save a life. This study tracked about 1,000 adults in the United States, and they ranged in age from 34 to 93, and they started the study by asking, "How much stress have you experienced in the last year? |||||||||||范围在||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||reichten||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||preguntando|||||||||| ||acompanhou|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| " They also asked, "How much time have you spent helping out friends, neighbors, people in your community? ||询问|||||||||||||| «Они также спросили:« Сколько времени вы проводили, помогая друзьям, соседям, людям в вашем сообществе? " And then they used public records for the next five years to find out who died. Okay, so the bad news first: For every major stressful life experience, like financial difficulties or family crisis, that increased the risk of dying by 30 percent. |entonces||||||||||||||||||aumentó|||||| Хорошо, поэтому плохие новости: для каждого серьезного стрессового жизненного опыта, такого как финансовые трудности или семейный кризис, это увеличило риск смерти на 30 процентов.

But -- and I hope you are expecting a but by now -- but that wasn’t true for everyone. |mas||||||||||||||| People who spent time caring for others showed absolutely no stress-related increase in dying. ||||cuidando|||mostraron||||||| Люди, которые проводили время, заботясь о других, не проявляли никакого увеличения смертности от стресса. 花时间照顾他人的人完全没有出现与死亡有关的压力增加。 Zero. 零。 Caring created resilience. Забота создала устойчивость. 关心创造了韧性。 And so we see once again that the harmful effects of stress on your health are not inevitable. |||||||||||||||||unvermeidlich ||||||||nocivos||||||||| How you think and how you act can transform your experience of stress. ||||||||||||estrés When you choose to view your stress response as helpful, you create the biology of courage. |||||||||||||Biologie|| And when you choose to connect with others under stress, you can create resilience. ||||||com||||||| И когда вы решите связаться с другими, находящимися под стрессом, вы можете создать устойчивость. Now I wouldn’t necessarily ask for more stressful experiences in my life, but this science has given me a whole new appreciation for stress. |||||||||||||||||||||Wertschätzung|| Теперь я не стал бы требовать более напряженных переживаний в своей жизни, но эта наука дала мне совершенно новую оценку стресса. Stress gives us access to our hearts. Стресс дает нам доступ к нашим сердцам. The compassionate heart that finds joy and meaning in connecting with others, and yes, your pounding physical heart, working so hard to give you strength and energy, and when you choose to view stress in this way, you’re not just getting better at stress, you’re actually making a pretty profound statement. |mitfühlend||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||seu|batendo forte||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Сострадательное сердце, которое находит радость и смысл в соединении с другими, и да, ваше тяжелое физическое сердце, работающее так сильно, чтобы дать вам силы и энергию, и когда вы решите рассматривать стресс таким образом, вы не просто поправляетесь стресс, вы на самом деле делаете довольно глубокое заявление. 那颗仁慈的心,在与他人建立联系中找到喜悦和意义,还有你那颤动的生理心脏,辛苦地为你提供力量和能量。当你选择用这种方式看待压力时,你不仅仅在变得更擅长处理压力,你实际上在发表一种相当深刻的声明。 You’re saying that you can trust yourself to handle life’s challenges, and you’re remembering that you don’t have to face them alone. Вы говорите, что можете доверять себе, чтобы справляться с жизненными вызовами, и вы помните, что вам не приходится сталкиваться с ними в одиночку. 你在表明你可以相信自己处理生活的挑战,你也在记得你无需独自面对这些挑战。 Thank you. 谢谢。

(Applause)

Chris Anderson: This is kind of amazing, what you’re telling us. Крис Андерсон: Это потрясающе, что вы нам рассказываете.

It seems amazing to me that a belief about stress can make so much difference to someone’s life expectancy. ||||||||||||||||||Lebenserwartung ||||||||||||||||||expectativa de vida Мне кажется удивительным, что вера в стресс может иметь такое большое значение для ожидаемой продолжительности жизни человека. 我觉得很惊人的是,一个关于压力的信念可以对某人的寿命产生如此大的影响。 How would that extend to advice, like, if someone is making a lifestyle choice between, say, a stressful job and a non-stressful job, does it matter which way they go? |||ausweiten||Ratschläge||||||||||||||||||||||||| Как это будет распространяться на советы, например, если кто-то делает выбор образа жизни между, скажем, стрессовой работой и не стрессовой работой, имеет значение, в каком направлении они идут? 这种影响会不会延伸到建议上,比如,如果某人在生活方式选择上要在一个压力大的工作和一个不那么压力大的工作之间进行权衡,选择哪种方式会更好? It’s equally wise to go for the stressful job so long as you believe that you can handle it, in some sense? Столь же разумно идти на стрессовую работу, пока вы считаете, что можете справиться с ней, в некотором смысле? 只要你相信自己可以处理得了,选择压力大的工作也同样明智,从某种意义上来说是这样的。 Kelly McGonigal: Yeah, and one thing we know for certain is that chasing meaning is better for your health than trying to avoid discomfort. Келли МакГонигал: Да, и одна вещь, которую мы знаем наверняка, заключается в том, что преследование смысла лучше для вашего здоровья, чем попытка избежать дискомфорта.

And so I would say that’s really the best way to make decisions, is go after what it is that creates meaning in your life and then trust yourself to handle the stress that follows. |||||||||||||é||||||||||||||||||||| И поэтому я бы сказал, что это действительно лучший способ принять решения, идти за тем, что это значит, что создает смысл в вашей жизни, а затем доверять себе, чтобы справиться со следующим стрессом. CA: Thank you so much, Kelly.

It’s pretty cool. KM: Thank you. (Applause)