030. 中國 的 教育 系統 - China's education system
||Education|system|China's|China's education system|education system
030. Chinas Bildungssystem – Chinas Bildungssystem
030. China's education system- China's education system
030. 中国の教育制度 - 中国の教育制度
今天 我 簡單 地 介紹 一下 中國 的 教育 系統 。
Today||briefly||introduce||||education|education system
Today, I will briefly introduce the education system in China.
中國 的 教育 系統 由 四個 部分 組成 : 基礎教育 、 高等教育 、 職業 技術 教育 和 成人教育 。
||Education||"consists of"||parts|comprise|Basic education|Higher education|vocational|Technical|Education||Adult education
China's education system consists of four parts: basic education, higher education, vocational and technical education, and adult education.
中國 的 兒童 3 歲 進入 幼兒園 , 滿 6 歲 開始 上 小學 。
||children||enter|Kindergarten|turns|years old|start||elementary school
In China, children enter kindergarten at age 3 and start primary school at the age of 6.
小學 要 上 6 年 。
Primary school lasts for 6 years.
小學 畢業 後 是 中學 。
|Graduation|||Middle school
After graduating from primary school, comes middle school.
中學 分為 初級中學 和 高級中學 , 簡稱 初中 和 高中 。
|divided into|Junior high school||Senior high school|abbreviated as|Junior high school||High school
Middle school is divided into junior high school and senior high school, abbreviated as junior high and senior high.
它們 都 要 上 3 年 。
They all last for 3 years.
小學 和 初中 屬於 義務教育 。
Primary school||Middle school|belong to|Compulsory education
Primary school and junior high school are part of compulsory education.
中國 法律 規定 , 每個 人 都 要 完成 義務教育 。
|law|stipulates|||||complete|Compulsory education
Chinese law stipulates that everyone must complete compulsory education.
在 中國 大部分 地區 , 義務教育 是 免費 的 。
|||regions|Compulsory education|is|free of charge|
In most parts of China, compulsory education is free.
為 了 簡便 , 人們 把 初中 一年級 叫做 初一 , 二年級 叫做 初二 , 三年級 叫做 初三 。
for the sake||simplicity|||middle school|first grade|"call"|Grade 7|eighth grade|"call"|8th grade|ninth grade|"call"|Ninth grade
For simplicity, people refer to the first year of junior high school as grade 7, the second year as grade 8, and the third year as grade 9.
以此類推 , 高中 是 高一 、 高二 、 高三 ; 大學 是 大 一 、 大二 、 大三 ……
and so on|High school||Grade 10|11th grade|Senior year|||||Sophomore year|Junior year
Similarly, high school consists of grades 10, 11, and 12; college consists of years 1, 2, 3, and so on.
但是 很 奇怪的是 , 人們 從來不 會 說 小 一 、 小 二 、 小 三 ……
||strangely enough||never||||||||
But it’s strange that people never talk about Primary One, Primary Two, Primary Three...
一般來說 , 高中生 要 決定 主要 學習 文科 還是 理科 。
Generally speaking|High school students|||mainly||Liberal arts|"or"|Science subjects
Generally speaking, high school students need to decide whether to major in liberal arts or science.
文科 包括 政治 、 地理 和 歷史 ; 理科 包括 物理 、 化學 和 生物 。
Liberal arts|include|Politics|Geography||History|Science subjects|include|Physics|Chemistry||Biology
Liberal arts include politics, geography, and history; science includes physics, chemistry, and biology.
另外 , 語文 、 數學 和 英語 是 所有 高中生 都 要 學習 的 課程 。
Additionally|Language arts|Mathematics||English language|||High school students|all||||courses
In addition, language, mathematics, and English are courses that all high school students must study.
小學 的 選擇 一般 按照 家庭 地址 : 家住 在 哪裡 , 就 到 哪裡 的 小學 上學 。
||choice|usually|according to|home address|home address|live in|||||||Elementary school|attend school
The choice of elementary school is generally based on the home address: wherever you live, you go to the elementary school.
初中 也 差不多 。
Middle school||almost the same
Middle school is pretty much the same.
但 高中 和 大學 就 不 一樣 了 。
|High school||college||||
But high school and university are different.
人們 都 想 去 比較 好 的 高中 上學 , 所以 就要 參加 中考 。
|||||||High school|attend school||"have to"||High school entrance exam
People want to attend better high schools, so they have to take the entrance examination.
同樣 的 道理 , 上 大學 前要 參加 高考 。
"Same"||same principle|||must before||college entrance exam
The same principle applies before going to college to take the college entrance examination.
高考 的 全稱 是 普通 高等學校 招生 考試 。
||full name||general|Higher education institution|admissions|exam
The full name of the college entrance examination is the National Higher Education Entrance Examination.
高考 一般 在 每年 6 月份 舉行 。
College Entrance Exam|"usually"||every year|month of June|held
The college entrance examination is usually held in June every year.
這個 時候 , 高考 就是 全 社會 的 熱點話題 , 因為 高考 關係 到 一個 學生 的 未來 發展 。
||college entrance exam||entire|society||hot topic|because of|college entrance exam|affects|to||||future development|development
At this time, the college entrance examination is a hot topic in the whole society, because the college entrance examination is related to the future development of a student. Parents are very concerned about it, and students are also working hard to prepare for it.
家長 都 很 關心 , 學生 也 都 為 此 努力 準備 。
Parents|||concerned about|||||this effort|work hard|
Parents are very concerned and students are also working hard to prepare for it.
高考 的 主要 考試 科目 有 語文 、 數學 、 英語 , 還有 文科 或者 理科 的 綜合 考試 。
College Entrance Exam||main||Subjects||Language Arts|Mathematics|English language||Liberal Arts|or|Science subjects||comprehensive|
The main subjects of the college entrance examination include Chinese, mathematics, English, as well as comprehensive exams in either liberal arts or science.
高考 題目 一般 不是 全國 統一 的 。
college entrance exam|exam questions|generally|"are not"|nationwide|standardized|
The college entrance examination questions are generally not uniform nationwide.
高考 的 總成績 怎麼樣 , 決定 了 學生 能 申請 怎麼樣 的 大學 。
||Overall score|"how well"|||||apply to|||
Applying for a university is carried out in a unified way, which is called applying for a voluntary.
申請 大學 是 統一 進行 的 , 叫做 填報 志願 。
|||"Unified"|carried out||called|Fill out|"preferred choices"
Applying to universities is done through a unified process called filling out preferences.
由於 中國 學生 很多 , 大學 錄取 的 人數 又 有限 , 所以 學生 經常 要 填報 好幾 所 大學 。
"Due to"|||||admit||number of admissions||limited|||often||fill out|several|schools|
Because there are many Chinese students and the number of university admissions is limited, students often have to apply to several universities.
參加 高考 和 填報 志願 是 中學生 最 頭疼 的 事情 , 競爭 很 激烈 , 難度 也 不小 。
|college entrance exam||fill out|preferences||High school students||headache|||competition||fierce|difficulty||not small
Taking the college entrance exam and filling out preferences are the most headache-inducing things for high school students. The competition is intense and the difficulty is not small.
大學 分為 專科 大學 和 本科 大學 。
|"divided into"|junior college|||undergraduate degree|
Junior colleges teach students professional knowledge, and the length of schooling is generally 3 years; the undergraduate college is a comprehensive university, and students get a bachelor's degree after graduation.
專科 大學 教 學生 專業知識 , 學制 一般 是 3 年 。
"specialized course"||teach||Specialized knowledge|"Study duration"|usually||
The admission requirements of undergraduate universities are higher than those of junior colleges. The length of schooling is generally 4 years, and there are also 5 years of schooling for some majors, such as medicine and engineering.
本科 大學 是 綜合大學 , 學生 畢業 後 獲得 學士學位 。
undergraduate program|||Comprehensive university||graduate||obtain|Bachelor's degree
Undergraduate universities are comprehensive universities, and students graduate with a bachelor's degree.
本科 大學 比 專科 大學 的 錄取 條件 高 。
|||junior college|||admission criteria|admission requirements|
Undergraduate universities have higher admission requirements than vocational colleges.
它 的 學制 一般 是 4 年 , 也 有 一些 專業 的 學制 是 5 年 , 如 醫學 和 工程 專業 。
||Education system|"generally"||||||major||Education system|||such as|medicine||Engineering|major
The typical duration of study in undergraduate universities is 4 years, but some professional programs may have a duration of 5 years, such as medical and engineering programs.
在 學士學位 的 後面 還有 碩士 、 博士 等 學位 。
|Bachelor's degree|||"as well as"|Master's degree|Ph.D.|and so on|academic degree
There are also some students who immediately want to learn professional knowledge and start work after graduating from junior high school or high school, they can enter vocational and technical schools.
一般 碩士 要念 2-3 年 , 博士 要念 3 年 。
Typically|Master's degree|"takes"||Ph.D.|"takes"|
For a Master's degree, it generally takes 2-3 years, while for a Ph.D., it takes 3 years.
對於 已經 工作 的 人 來說 , 可以 選擇 通過 成人 大學 繼續 學習 。
"For"|already||||||choose|through|adult education|adult university|continue with|continue education
For those who are already working, they can choose to continue their education through adult education at a university.
也 有 一些 學生 , 初中 或 高中畢業 後 , 馬上 就 想 學習 專業知識 , 開始 工作 。
||some||"middle school"|or|high school graduation|after graduation|||want to||specialized knowledge||
There are also some students who, after graduating from junior high or high school, immediately want to learn professional knowledge and start working.
他們 就 可以 進入 職業 技術學校 。
|||enter|vocational|trade school
They can then enter vocational technical schools.
中國 的 學校 大部分 是 屬於 國家 的 , 叫做 公立學校 , 和 它 相對 的 是 私立學校 。
China|||||belong to|||"called"|Public school|||"opposite to"|||private school
Most schools in China belong to the state and are called public schools, in contrast to private schools.
中國 的 公立學校 佔 大部分 。
||public schools|make up|
Public schools in China account for the majority.
住 在 學校 的 學生 叫做 住校生 , 住 在 家裡 的 叫做 走讀生 。
|||||called|Boarding student|||||called|Commuter student
Students living in the school are called residential students, while those living at home are called commuter students.
上 大學 後 , 很多 年輕人 要 離開 家鄉 , 到 很 遠 的 城市 上 大學 。
||after||young people||leave|hometown|||||||
After going to college, many young people leave their hometown and go to a faraway city for college.
所以 每年 假期 , 交通系統 都 要 承受 不小 的 壓力 。
|"every year"|holiday|transport system|||bear|considerable||pressure
Therefore, every year during the holidays, the transportation system has to bear considerable pressure.