162. 北京 的 四合院 - Siheyuan in Beijing
Beijing||Siheyuan|Siheyuan||
162. Siheyuan in Beijing
北京 有 許許多多 的 胡同 , 胡同 與 胡同 之間 是 大大小小 的 住宅 , 這些 住宅 中有 許多 四合院 。
Beijing||many||hutong||between|hutong|between||of all sizes||residences||residences|among|many|siheyuan
Beijing has many alleys, and between the alleys are various sizes of residences, among which there are many Siheyuan.
所謂 四合院 , 其實 就是 東南西北 都 有 房屋 , 房屋 與 房屋 之間 用 院牆 連接起來 的 一個 院子 。
so-called|siheyuan|actually|is|north, south, east, and west|||houses|houses|and|houses|between||courtyard wall|connected|||yard
The so-called Siheyuan actually refers to a courtyard that has buildings on the east, south, west, and north, connected by courtyard walls.
現在 , 北京城 雖然 出現 了 許多 高層建築 , 但是 在 老城區 , 仍然 保存 著 相當 一部分 這種 老式 住宅 。
|Beijing City|although|appeared||many|high-rise buildings|but||old city area|still|preserves||quite|a part||old-fashioned|residential buildings
Now, although many high-rise buildings have appeared in Beijing, a considerable part of this old-style residence is still preserved in the old city area.
四合院 是 北京 傳統 的 住宅 形式 。
|||traditional||residential|form
The Siheyuan is a traditional residential form in Beijing.
一般 的 四合院 都 是 坐北朝南 。
generally||siheyuan|||facing south with the back to the north
Generally, a Siheyuan faces north and south.
北屋 向陽 , 坐北朝南 的 四合院 能夠 得到 充足 的 陽光 。
north house|facing the sun|sitting north and facing south||siheyuan|able to|get|sufficient||sunlight
The northern rooms receive sunlight, and a Siheyuan facing north and south can get ample sunshine.
北邊 朝南 的 一排 房子 是 北房 , 也 叫 正房 。
north side|facing south||a row|||North Room|||main house
The row of houses facing south on the north side is called the North House, also known as the main house.
正房 前邊 兩側 相對 的 是 廂房 , 東西 各有 兩間 。
main house|in front|on both sides|opposite|||wing room|east and west|each|two rooms
On both sides in front of the main house are the side rooms, with two rooms each on the east and west.
與 北方 相對 的 是 三間 南房 , 老 北京 人 也 叫 它 倒 座兒 。
with||opposite|||three|south room|||||||upside-down|seat
Opposite the north side are three southern rooms, which old Beijingers also call the upside-down house.
過去 , 一個 家庭 常常 是 幾代人 生活 在 一起 , 居住 在 同一 間 房子 裡 不 方便 , 離得 太遠 又 不好 聯繫 , 四合院 正好 滿足 了 這種 家庭 結構 的 需要 。
the past||family|||several generations|lived|||living||the same|room||||inconvenient|distance|too far|||contact|siheyuan|just right|satisfied||this kind of|family|structure||needs
In the past, a family often consisted of several generations living together, and it was inconvenient to reside in the same house; being too far apart made communication difficult. The Siheyuan perfectly met the needs of this family structure.
一般說來 , 正房 高大 、 舒適 、 明亮 , 是 長輩 們 居住 的 地方 , 東西 兩側 廂房 則 由 子孫 居住 , 南房 常常 是 書房 或 客廳 。
generally speaking|main house|tall|comfortable|bright||elders||live||||on both sides|side room|||descendants|live|south room|||study||living room
Generally speaking, the main house is tall, comfortable, and bright, serving as the residence for the elders, while the adjacent rooms on both sides are occupied by descendants, and the southern room is often used as a study or living room.
四合院 大都 由 房屋 院牆 環繞 。
siheyuan|mostly||houses|courtyard wall|surrounds
Siheyuan is mostly surrounded by house walls.
這樣 , 房屋 與 房屋 之間 , 既 相互連接 , 又 各自 分開 , 有合 有分 , 非常適合 人多 的 家庭 居住 。
like this|house||house|between|both|interconnected||each other|separate|there is unity|separation|very suitable|many people||family|to live
In this way, the houses are connected to each other and separated from each other. They are both combined and separated, which is very suitable for families with many people.
四合院 的 規模 有大有小 。
||size|varies in size
The scale of a siheyuan varies from large to small.
小型 四合院 , 房屋 佈局 簡單 , 三面 或 四面 建房 , 只有 一個 院子 。
small|siheyuan|house|layout|simple|three sides||four sides|building|only||yard
A small siheyuan has a simple house layout, with buildings on three or four sides, and only one courtyard.
比如 魯迅 先生 在 北京 的 故居 。
for example|Lu Xun|Mr.|in|||former residence
For example, Mr. Lu Xun's former residence in Beijing.
這種 小型 四合院 在 北京 最 多 , 大多 是 普通 老百姓 居住 。
this kind of|small|siheyuan||Beijing|||most||ordinary|common people|live
This kind of small siheyuan is most common in Beijing, mostly inhabited by ordinary people.
也 有 比較 講究 的 大型 和 中型 四合院 。
||comparatively|particular about||large||medium|siheyuan
There are also more elaborate large and medium-sized siheyuan.
大型 的 四合院 只有 那些 有錢 的 人家 才 住 得 起 。
large||siheyuan||those|rich||families||live|able to|afford
Only wealthy families can afford to live in large siheyuan.
北京 最大 的 四合院 是 明清 時期 的 王府 。
|||siheyuan||Ming and Qing|period||palace
The largest courtyard house in Beijing is the royal palace during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
這些 王府 規模 大 , 面積 廣 , 建造 講究 , 有些 一直 保存 到 現在 。
these|palaces|scale|large|area|wide|construction|meticulous|some|always|has been preserved||now
These royal manors are large in scale, cover a wide area, and are built with great attention to detail; some have been preserved until now.
過去 的 四合院 , 大多 是 一家一戶 居住 。
past||siheyuan|most||one family per household|living
In the past, most siheyuan (courtyard houses) were inhabited by one family per household.
隨著 社會 的 發展 , 後來 , 一個 四合院 , 往往 住 了 多戶 人家 。
with the|society||development|later||siheyuan|often|||multiple households|
With the development of society, later on, a siheyuan often housed multiple families.
雖然 有些 擁擠 、 雜亂 , 但是 非常適合 人 與 人 之間 的 交往 。
although|a little|crowded|messy||very suitable||with||between||interaction
Although it is somewhat crowded and chaotic, it is very suitable for interaction between people.
有人 認為 , 四合院 能 使 鄰居 之間 產生 一種 和諧 氣氛 , 使人 有 一種 安全感 和 親切感 ; 而 現在 的 高層建築 , 則 容易 使人 與 人 之間 、 家庭 與 家庭 之間 關係 冷漠 、 感情 疏遠 。
|believe|siheyuan||make|neighbors|between|generate|a kind of|harmonious|atmosphere|make people||a sense of|sense of security|and|a sense of closeness||||high-rise buildings|then|easily|make people|with||between|family||families|between|relationships|indifferent|emotions|distant
Some believe that the Siheyuan can create a harmonious atmosphere among neighbors, providing a sense of safety and warmth; whereas modern high-rise buildings tend to make relationships between people, and between families, more indifferent and emotionally distant.
為 此 , 國外 的 一些 建築師 也 設計 了 一些 模仿 中國 四合院 式 的 建築 , 如 菲律賓 的 “ 四戶 一院 ” 的 住宅 群 , 哥本哈根 的 “ 仿 四合院 ” 式 住宅 群等 , 都 是 為 了 滿足 人 與 人 之間 交往 的 需要 。
||abroad||some|architect||designed|||imitating||siheyuan|||buildings|such as|the Philippines||Siheyuan|Yard||residential|complex|Copenhagen||imitation|siheyuan||residential|and so on|||||satisfy||||between|interaction||
Therefore, some foreign architects have also designed buildings that imitate the Chinese Siheyuan style, such as the 'Four Houses, One Courtyard' residential complex in the Philippines and the 'Imitation Siheyuan' residential complex in Copenhagen, all aimed at fulfilling the need for interaction between people.