Hvorfor virker placebo? Why|does it work|placebo Warum wirkt ein Placebo? Почему плацебо работают? Why does placebo work?

Hej, jeg så dig slet ikke. Hi|I|saw|you|at all|not Hi, I didn't see you at all.

Jeg har lige et spørgsmål. I|have|just|a|question I just have a question.

Har du ikke lidt ondt i hovedet eller smerter i knæet? Do|you|not|a little|pain|in|head|or|pain|in|knee Don't you have a bit of a headache or pain in your knee?

Du er måske deprimeret, sover dårligt, træner ikke så godt? You|are|maybe|depressed|sleeps|poorly|exercises|not|that|well Może masz depresję, źle sypiasz, nie ćwiczysz? You might be depressed, sleeping poorly, not exercising well?

Jeg kender det godt. I|know|it|well I know it well.

Nu har vi fundet den bedste løsning. En pille, der løser alle dine problemer. Now|have|we|found|the|best|solution|A|pill|that|solves|all|your|problems Now we have found the best solution. A pill that solves all your problems.

Den hedder placebo-pillen. It|is called||pill It's called the placebo pill.

Hvis du får en pille mod hovedpine, og vi tror på det - If|you|get|a|pill|for|headache|and|we|believe|in|it If you take a pill for a headache, and we believe in it -

- så går hovedpinen væk. then|goes|headache|away - then the headache goes away.

Man har kendt til placebo-effekten siden det 18. århundrede - One|has|known|about|||since|the|century The placebo effect has been known since the 18th century -

- men man ved ikke, præcis hvordan det fungerer. but|one|knows|not|exactly|how|it|works - but it is not known exactly how it works.

Placebo betyder: "Jeg vil behage", eller: "Det her skal nok hjælpe dig". placebo|means|I|will|please|or|This|here|shall|surely|help|you Placebo means: "I want to please", or: "This will help you".

Placebo-effekten er beskrevet i et forsøg af Pavlov. ||is|described|in|a|experiment|by|Pavlov The placebo effect is described in an experiment by Pavlov.

Han ringede med en klokke, når han fodrede hunden - He|rang|with|a|bell|when|he|fed|the dog He rang a bell when he fed the dog -

- og så kunne han få hunden til at savle ved at bruge klokken, for det betød mad. and|then|could|he|get|the dog|to|to|salivate|||use|the bell|because|it|meant|food - and then he could make the dog salivate by using the bell, because it meant food.

Forsøget gav ham nobelprisen. Det viste, at forventninger kan få os til at reagere. The experiment|gave|him|the Nobel Prize|It|showed|that|expectations|can|make|us|to||react Eksperyment ten przyniósł mu Nagrodę Nobla. Pokazał, że oczekiwania mogą sprawić, że zareagujemy. The experiment earned him the Nobel Prize. It showed that expectations can make us react.

Når du som barn har slået dig, så har din mor måske pustet på det - When|you|as|child|have|hurt|yourself|then|has|your|mother|maybe|blown|on|it When you, as a child, hurt yourself, your mother may have blown on it -

- og så er smerten gået væk. Det er placebo-effekten. and|then|is|the pain|gone|away|It|is|| - and then the pain went away. That is the placebo effect.

Læger kan se, at forventer du en god behandling, så bliver den mere effektiv. Doctors|can|see|that|expect|you|a|good|treatment|then|becomes|it|more|effective Doctors can see that if you expect a good treatment, it becomes more effective.

I 70'erne begyndte man at forske i placebo. In|the 1970s|began|one|to|research|in|placebo In the 70s, research on placebo began.

De seneste 15-20 år er det gået stærkt. The|last|years|have|it|gone|quickly In the last 15-20 years, it has progressed rapidly.

Så nu har vi en viden, så vi kan dykke ned i den her verden. So|now|have|we|a|knowledge|so|we|can|dive|down|into|this|here|world So now we have knowledge that allows us to delve into this world.

Placebo-effekten sker heroppe. ||happens|up here The placebo effect occurs up here.

Pillen fra før var en kalktablet. The pill|from|before|was|a|calcium tablet The pill from before was a calcium tablet.

Den gør dig ikke noget, medmindre du mangler kalk. It|does|you|not|anything|unless|you|lack|lime Nie zaszkodzi, chyba że masz niedobór wapnia. It doesn't do anything for you unless you are lacking calcium.

Men tror du, at det er smertestillende eller hjælper mod depression - But|do you think|you|that|it|is|pain-relieving|or|helps|against|depression Ale czy uważasz, że jest to środek przeciwbólowy lub pomaga w depresji? But if you think it is pain-relieving or helps against depression -

- har den sandsynligvis en mærkbar effekt. has|it|probably|a|noticeable|effect - prawdopodobnie będzie to miało zauważalny efekt. - it probably has a noticeable effect.

I et DR-program i 2015 testede man, om løbere løb hurtigere på placebo-piller. In|a|||in|tested|they|whether|runners|ran|faster|on||pills In a DR program in 2015, they tested whether runners ran faster on placebo pills.

Alle på nær to præsterede bedre tid, efter de havde spist placebo-pillerne. Everyone|except|near|two|performed|better|time|after|they|had|eaten|| Everyone except two performed better times after they had taken the placebo pills.

- Det var hurtigere. - Jeg følte måske lidt mere overskud. It|was|faster|I|felt|maybe|a little|more|surplus - It was faster. - I felt maybe a little more energy.

- Jeg havde mere energi. - Jeg havde mere overskud. I|had|more|energy||||surplus - I had more energy. - I had more stamina.

Hvad bruger man placebo til? What|does one use|one|placebo|for What is placebo used for?

Det kan lindre smerter, angst, stress, depression og nok også andet. It|can|relieve|pain|anxiety|stress|depression|and|probably|also|other Może łagodzić ból, niepokój, stres, depresję i prawdopodobnie wiele więcej. It can relieve pain, anxiety, stress, depression, and probably other things.

Man bruger det også til at teste medicin. One|uses|it|also|to|to|test|medicine It is also used to test medication.

Selv i den mest aktive behandling er der et placebo-element. Even|in|the|most|active|treatment|is|there|a||element Even in the most active treatment, there is a placebo element.

Et lægemiddel skal helst være bedre end placebo-effekten. A|drug|should|preferably|be|better|than|| A drug should preferably be better than the placebo effect.

Man tester ny medicin op mod placeboer. They|test|new|medicine|against|placebo|placebos New medicine is tested against placebos.

Oplever kontrolgruppen det samme som dem, der har fået medicin - Does the control group experience|the control group|it|same|as|them|who|have|received|medication If the control group experiences the same as those who received the medicine -

- bliver den ikke godkendt. will be|it|not|approved - it will not be approved.

Derfor kritiseres flere alternative behandlingsformer. Therefore|are criticized|several|alternative|treatment methods Therefore, several alternative treatment methods are criticized.

Mange behandler på samme niveau som placeboerne eller endnu værre. Many|treat|at|the same|level|as|the placebos|or|even|worse Many treat at the same level as placebos or even worse.

Men tror du, medicinen ikke fungerer, kan du opleve negativ placebo-effekt. But|believe|you|the medicine|not|works|can|you|experience|negative|| But if you believe the medicine does not work, you may experience a negative placebo effect.

Nocebo: "Jeg vil skade". Nocebo|I|will|harm Nocebo: "I will harm."

Du læser fx om bivirkningerne - You|read|for example|about|the side effects For example, you read about the side effects -

- og så mærker du pludselig kvalme og hovedpine. and|then|you feel|you|suddenly|nausea|and|headache - a potem nagle odczuwasz mdłości i bóle głowy. - and then you suddenly feel nausea and headache.

Eller du går på Netdoktor og tror, at du har kræft. Det er nocebo. Or|you|go|on|Netdoctor|and|believe|that|you|have|cancer|It|is|nocebo Or you go on Netdoktor and think that you have cancer. That is nocebo.

Det blev bevist, da man gav patienter morfin - It|was|proven|when|one|gave|patients|morphine Zostało to udowodnione, gdy pacjentom podawano morfinę It was proven when patients were given morphine -

- men fortalte, at pillen forværrede smerterne. but|told|that|the pill|worsened|the pain - but reported that the pill worsened the pain.

Forsøgspersonerne oplevede mere smerte. The test subjects|experienced|more|pain Badani odczuwali większy ból. The participants experienced more pain.

Det er et problem, når nocebo og placebo blandes. It|is|a|problem|when|nocebo|and|placebo|are mixed It is a problem when nocebo and placebo are mixed.

Når man tester medicin - When|one|tests|medicine When testing medication -

- dropper nogle forsøgspersoner ud, fordi de oplever falske bivirkninger. drops|some|test subjects|out|because|they|experience|false|side effects - niektórzy uczestnicy rezygnują z badania, ponieważ doświadczają fałszywych skutków ubocznych. - drops some participants because they experience false side effects.

Vi har alle oplevet placebo. We|have|all|experienced|placebo We have all experienced placebo.

Lægerne bruger placebo, så vores behandling virker bedre. The doctors|use|placebo|so|our|treatment|works|better Doctors use placebo so our treatment works better.

Læger taler mest muligt med deres patienter inden behandling. Doctors|talk|as much|possible|with|their|patients|before|treatment Doctors talk as much as possible with their patients before treatment.

Alle har vist hørt: "Du mærker et prik, og så er det overstået". Everyone|has|probably|heard|You|feel|a|prick|and|then|is|it|over Everyone has probably heard: "You feel a prick, and then it's over."

Positiv framing er bedre end negativ. Positive|framing|is|better|than|negative Positive framing is better than negative.

Lægerne ved, at det gør mindre ondt, hvis de fortæller, det ikke gør ondt - The doctors|know|that|it|hurts|less|pain|if|they|tell|it|not|hurts|pain Doctors know that it hurts less if they say it doesn't hurt -

- og at behandling fungerer bedre, hvis de fortæller, at den fungerer. and|that|treatment|works|better|if|they|tell|that|it|works - and that treatment works better if they say it works.

Men er det snyd? But|is|it|cheating But is it cheating?

Måske. Men hvis vi mærker en positiv effekt, er det vel fint? Maybe|But|if|we|notice|a|positive|effect|is|it|surely|fine Maybe. But if we feel a positive effect, isn't that fine?

Del din historie om placebo eller nocebo i kommentarfeltet. Share|your|story|about|placebo|or|nocebo|in|the comment section Share your story about placebo or nocebo in the comments.

Det er spændende at læse, hvad det her kan gøre. It|is|exciting|to|read|what|it|this|can|do It's exciting to read what this can do.

Det var en kalktablet. It|was|a|calcium tablet It was a calcium tablet.

Dem kan du spise så mange af, som du vil, og den vil ikke ... They|can|you|eat|as|many|of|as|you|want|and|it|will|not You can eat as many of them as you want, and it will not ...

... sandsynligvis have en mærkbar effekt. probably|have|a|noticeable|effect ... probably have a noticeable effect.

... vil den sandsynligvis have en mærkbar effekt. will|it|probably|have|a|noticeable|effect ... it will probably have a noticeable effect.

Lige på dudens fortand. right|on|dude's|front tooth Right on the dude's front tooth.

- Ej, så får du den dér, altså. - Den ramte lige ned i svælget. No|then|you get|you|it|there|I mean|It|hit|right|down|in|the throat - No, then you get that one, you know. - It hit right down in the throat.