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TED Talks + Video : Science / Brain / Health / Biology, Manoush Zomorodi / How boredom can lead to your most brilliant ideas

Manoush Zomorodi / How boredom can lead to your most brilliant ideas

My son and the iPhone were born three weeks apart in June 2007. So while those early adopters were lined up outside, waiting to get their hands on this amazing new gadget, I was stuck at home with my hands full of something else that was sending out constant notifications -- (Laughter) a miserable, colicky baby who would only sleep in a moving stroller with complete silence. I literally was walking 10 to 15 miles a day, and the baby weight came off. That part was great.

But man, was I bored. Before motherhood, I had been a journalist who rushed off when the Concorde crashed. I was one of the first people into Belgrade when there was a revolution in Serbia. Now, I was exhausted. This walking went on for weeks. It was only until about three months in that something shifted, though. As I pounded the pavement, my mind started to wander, too. I began imagining what I would do when I finally did sleep again.

So the colic did fade, and I finally got an iPhone and I put all those hours of wandering into action. I created my dream job hosting a public radio show. So there was no more rushing off to war zones, but thanks to my new smartphone, I could be a mother and a journalist. I could be on the playground and on Twitter at the same time. Yeah, well, when I thought that, when the technology came in and took over, that is when I hit a wall.

So, I want you to picture this: you host a podcast, and you have to prove that the investment of precious public radio dollars in you is worth it. My goal was to increase my audience size tenfold. So one day, I sat down to brainstorm, as you do, and I came up barren. This was different than writer's block, right? It wasn't like there was something there waiting to be unearthed. There was just nothing. And so I started to think back: When was the last time I actually had a good idea? Yeah, it was when I was pushing that damn stroller. Now all the cracks in my day were filled with phone time. I checked the headlines while I waited for my latte. I updated my calendar while I was sitting on the couch. Texting turned every spare moment into a chance to show to my coworkers and my dear husband what a responsive person I was, or at least it was a chance to find another perfect couch for my page on Pinterest. I realized that I was never bored. And anyway, don't only boring people get bored?

But then I started to wonder: What actually happens to us when we get bored? Or, more importantly: What happens to us if we never get bored? And what could happen if we got rid of this human emotion entirely? I started talking to neuroscientists and cognitive psychologists, and what they told me was fascinating. It turns out that when you get bored, you ignite a network in your brain called the "default mode. " So our body, it goes on autopilot while we're folding the laundry or we're walking to work, but actually that is when our brain gets really busy. Here's boredom researcher Dr. Sandi Mann.

(Audio) Dr. Sandi Mann: Once you start daydreaming and allow your mind to really wander, you start thinking a little bit beyond the conscious, a little bit into the subconscious, which allows sort of different connections to take place. It's really awesome, actually.

Manoush Zomorodi: Totally awesome, right?

So this is my brain in an fMRI, and I learned that in the default mode is when we connect disparate ideas, we solve some of our most nagging problems, and we do something called "autobiographical planning. " This is when we look back at our lives, we take note of the big moments, we create a personal narrative, and then we set goals and we figure out what steps we need to take to reach them. But now we chill out on the couch also while updating a Google Doc or replying to email. We call it "getting shit done," but here's what neuroscientist Dr. Daniel Levitin says we're actually doing.

(Audio) Dr. Daniel Levitin: Every time you shift your attention from one thing to another, the brain has to engage a neurochemical switch that uses up nutrients in the brain to accomplish that. So if you're attempting to multitask, you know, doing four or five things at once, you're not actually doing four or five things at once, because the brain doesn't work that way. Instead, you're rapidly shifting from one thing to the next, depleting neural resources as you go.

(Audio) MZ: So switch, switch, switch, you're using glucose, glucose, glucose.

(Audio) DL: Exactly right, and we have a limited supply of that stuff.

MZ: A decade ago, we shifted our attention at work every three minutes. Now we do it every 45 seconds, and we do it all day long. The average person checks email 74 times a day, and switches tasks on their computer 566 times a day. I discovered all this talking to professor of informatics, Dr. Gloria Mark.

(Audio) Dr. Gloria Mark: So we find that when people are stressed, they tend to shift their attention more rapidly. We also found, strangely enough, that the shorter the amount of sleep that a person gets, the more likely they are to check Facebook. So we're in this vicious, habitual cycle.

MZ: But could this cycle be broken? What would happen if we broke this vicious cycle? Maybe my listeners could help me find out. What if we reclaimed those cracks in our day? Could it help us jump-start our creativity? We called the project "Bored and Brilliant. " And I expected, you know, a couple hundred people to play along, but thousands of people started signing up. And they told me the reason they were doing it was because they were worried that their relationship with their phone had grown kind of ... "codependent," shall we say.

(Audio) Man: The relationship between a baby and its teddy bear or a baby and its binky or a baby that wants its mother's cradle when it's done with being held by a stranger -- (Laughs) that's the relationship between me and my phone.

(Audio) Woman: I think of my phone like a power tool: extremely useful, but dangerous if I'm not handling it properly.

(Audio) Woman 2: If I don't pay close attention, I'll suddenly realize that I've lost an hour of time doing something totally mindless.

MZ: OK, but to really measure any improvement, we needed data, right? Because that's what we do these days. So we partnered with some apps that would measure how much time we were spending every day on our phone. If you're thinking it's ironic that I asked people to download another app so that they would spend less time on their phones: yeah, but you gotta meet people where they are. (Laughter)

So before challenge week, we were averaging two hours a day on our phones and 60 pickups, you know, like, a quick check, did I get a new email? Here's what Tina, a student at Bard College, discovered about herself.

(Audio) Tina: So far, I've been spending between 150 and 200 minutes on my phone per day, and I've been picking up my phone 70 to 100 times per day. And it's really concerning, because that's so much time that I could have spent doing something more productive, more creative, more towards myself, because when I'm on my phone, I'm not doing anything important.

MZ: Like Tina, people were starting to observe their own behavior. They were getting ready for challenge week. And that Monday, they started to wake up to instructions in their inbox, an experiment to try.

Day one: "Put it in your pocket. " Take that phone out of your hand. See if you can eliminate the reflex to check it all day long, just for a day. And if this sounds easy, you haven't tried it. Here's listener Amanda Itzko. 08:16 (Audio) Amanda Itzko: I am absolutely itching. I feel a little bit crazy, because I have noticed that I pick up my phone when I'm just walking from one room to another, getting on the elevator, and even -- and this is the part that I am really embarrassed to actually say out loud -- in the car.

MZ: Yikes. Yeah, well, but as Amanda learned, this itching feeling is not actually her fault. That is exactly the behavior that the technology is built to trigger.

(Laughter) I mean, right? Here's former Google designer, Tristan Harris.

(Audio) Tristan Harris: If I'm Facebook or I'm Netflix or I'm Snapchat, I have literally a thousand engineers whose job is to get more attention from you. I'm very good at this, and I don't want you to ever stop. And you know, the CEO of Netflix recently said, "Our biggest competitors are Facebook, YouTube and sleep. " I mean, so there's a million places to spend your attention, but there's a war going on to get it.

MZ: I mean, you know the feeling: that amazing episode of "Transparent" ends, and then the next one starts playing so you're like, eh, OK fine, I'll just stay up and watch it. Or the LinkedIn progress bar says you are this close to having the perfect profile, so you add a little more personal information. As one UX designer told me, the only people who refer to their customers as "users" are drug dealers and technologists. (Laughter)

(Applause)

And users, as we know, are worth a lot of money. Here's former Facebook product manager and author, Antonio García Martínez.

(Audio) Antonio García Martínez: The saying is, if any product is free then you're the product; your attention is the product. But what is your attention worth? That's why literally every time you load a page, not just on Facebook or any app, there's an auction being held instantly, billions of times a day, for exactly how much that one ad impression cost.

MZ: By the way, the average person will spend two years of their life on Facebook. So, back to challenge week. Immediately, we saw some creativity kick in. Here's New Yorker Lisa Alpert.

(Audio) Lisa Alpert: I was bored, I guess. So I suddenly looked at the stairway that went up to the top of the station, and I thought, you know, I had just come down that stairway, but I could go back up and then come back down and get a little cardio. So I did, and then I had a little more time, so I did it again and I did it again, and I did it 10 times. And I had a complete cardio workout. I got on that R train feeling kind of exhausted, but, like, wow, that had never occurred to me. How is that possible?

(Laughter)

MZ: So creativity, I learned, means different things to different people. (Laughter)

But everyone found day three's challenge the hardest. It was called "Delete that app. " Take that app -- you know the one; that one that always gets you, it sucks you in -- take it off your phone, even if just for the day. I deleted the game Two Dots and nearly cried. (Laughter)

Yeah, Two Dots players know what I'm talking about. But my misery had good company.

(Audio) Man 2: This is Liam in Los Angeles, and I deleted Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Tumblr, Snapchat and Vine from my phone in one fell swoop. And it was kind of an embarrassingly emotional experience at first. It felt weirdly lonely to look at that lock screen with no new notifications on it. But I really liked deciding for myself when to think about or access my social networks, not giving my phone the power to decide that for me. So thank you.

(Audio) Woman 3: Deleting the Twitter app was very sad, and I feel I maybe, over the last year when I've been on Twitter, have developed an addiction to it, and this "Bored and Brilliant" challenge has really made me realize it. After a brief period of really horrible withdrawal feeling, like lack-of-caffeine headache, I now feel lovely. I had a lovely dinner with my family, and I hope to continue this structured use of these powerful tools.

(Audio) Woman 4: I don't have that guilty gut feeling I have when I know I'm wasting time on my phone. Maybe I'll have to start giving myself challenges and reminders like this every morning.

MZ: I mean, yes, this was progress. I could not wait to see what the numbers said at the end of that week. But when the data came in, it turned out that we had cut down, on average, just six minutes -- from 120 minutes a day on our phones to 114. Yeah. Whoop-de-do.

So I went back to the scientists feeling kind of low, and they just laughed at me, and they said, you know, changing people's behavior in such a short time period was ridiculously ambitious, and actually what you've achieved is far beyond what we thought possible. Because more important than the numbers, were the people's stories. They felt empowered. Their phones had been transformed from taskmasters back into tools.

And actually, I found what the young people said most intriguing. Some of them told me that they didn't recognize some of the emotions that they felt during challenge week, because, if you think about it, if you have never known life without connectivity, you may never have experienced boredom. And there could be consequences. Researchers at USC have found -- they're studying teenagers who are on social media while they're talking to their friends or they're doing homework, and two years down the road, they are less creative and imaginative about their own personal futures and about solving societal problems, like violence in their neighborhoods. And we really need this next generation to be able to focus on some big problems: climate change, economic disparity, massive cultural differences. No wonder CEOs in an IBM survey identified creativity as the number one leadership competency.

OK, here's the good news, though: In the end, 20,000 people did "Bored and Brilliant" that week. Ninety percent cut down on their minutes. Seventy percent got more time to think. People told me that they slept better. They felt happier. My favorite note was from a guy who said he felt like he was waking up from a mental hibernation.

Some personal data and some neuroscience gave us permission to be offline a little bit more, and a little bit of boredom gave us some clarity and helped some of us set some goals. I mean, maybe constant connectivity won't be cool in a couple of years. But meanwhile, teaching people, especially kids, how to use technology to improve their lives and to self-regulate needs to be part of digital literacy.

So the next time you go to check your phone, remember that if you don't decide how you're going to use the technology, the platforms will decide for you. And ask yourself: What am I really looking for? Because if it's to check email, that's fine -- do it and be done. But if it's to distract yourself from doing the hard work that comes with deeper thinking, take a break, stare out the window and know that by doing nothing you are actually being your most productive and creative self. It might feel weird and uncomfortable at first, but boredom truly can lead to brilliance.

Thank you.

(Applause)

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My son and the iPhone were born three weeks apart in June 2007. |||||||||разницей в три недели|| |||||||||separately in time||summer month Mein Sohn und das iPhone wurden im Juni 2007 im Abstand von drei Wochen geboren. Mio figlio e l'iPhone sono nati a tre settimane di distanza nel giugno 2007. 私の息子と iPhone は、2007 年 6 月に 3 週間違いで生まれました。 Мой сын и iPhone родились с разницей в три недели в июне 2007 года. Oğlum ve iPhone, Haziran 2007'de üç hafta arayla doğdu. So while those early adopters were lined up outside, waiting to get their hands on this amazing new gadget, I was stuck at home with my hands full of something else that was sending out constant notifications --    (Laughter)    a miserable, colicky baby who would only sleep in a moving stroller with complete silence. ||||первые пользователи||||||||||||||гаджет||||||||||||||||||уведомления|Смех|||колики (у ребенка|||||||||коляска||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Kinderwagen||| |during the time|||early users||waiting in line||||||||||||new device|||||||||||||||||never-ending|constant alerts|||unhappy and fussy|fussy and uncomfortable|||||||||baby carriage||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||con cólicos|||||||||cochecito de bebé||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||可怜的|肠绞痛的|||||||||||| Während also diese Early Adopters draußen Schlange standen und darauf warteten, dieses erstaunliche neue Gerät in die Hände zu bekommen, saß ich zu Hause fest und hatte die Hände voll mit etwas anderem zu tun, das ständig Benachrichtigungen aussandte - (Gelächter) ein unglückliches, kolikartiges Baby, das nur in einem fahrenden Kinderwagen und in völliger Stille schlafen wollte. Così, mentre quei primi clienti si trovavano in fila fuori, aspettando di mettere le mani su questo fantastico nuovo gadget, io ero bloccato a casa con le mani piene di qualcos'altro che emanava notifiche costanti -- (Risate) un miserabile neonato collerico che poteva dormire solo in un passeggino in movimento con completo silenzio. アーリーアダプターが外に並んで、この驚くべき新しいガジェットを手に入れるのを待っている間、私は家で立ち往生していました.動くベビーカーの中で完全に静かに寝るだけです。 Итак, пока эти первые последователи стояли в очереди снаружи, ожидая, чтобы получить в свои руки этот удивительный новый гаджет, я застрял дома с чем-то другим, что рассылало постоянные уведомления — (Смех) несчастный ребенок с коликами, который только спать в движущейся коляске в полной тишине. Bu yüzden ilk benimseyenler dışarıda sıraya girip bu harika yeni aygıtı almak için beklerken, ben ellerim sürekli bildirimler gönderen başka bir şeyle dolu bir şekilde evde tıkılıp kaldım -- (Gülüşmeler) sefil, kolik bir bebek. sadece hareket halindeki bir bebek arabasında tam bir sessizlik içinde uyurlardı. I literally was walking 10 to 15 miles a day, and the baby weight came off. |||||||||||вес|| ||||||||||||掉下来了| Ich ging buchstäblich 10 bis 15 Meilen pro Tag, und das Babygewicht löste sich. Camminavo letteralmente per 10-15 miglia al giorno, e il peso della gravidanza è scomparso. 私は文字通り1日10から15マイル歩いていましたが、赤ちゃんの体重が落ちました. Я буквально проходил от 10 до 15 миль в день, и вес ребенка уменьшился. That part was great. その部分は素晴らしかった。 Эта часть была великолепна.

But man, was I bored. Aber Mann, war ich gelangweilt? しかし、私は退屈でしたか。 Но человек, мне было скучно. Before motherhood, I had been a journalist who rushed off when the Concorde crashed. |материнство|||||||||||Конкорд|разбился |becoming a mother|||||||hurried quickly||||supersonic airliner|had an accident ||||||||se apresuró||||| ||||||||||||协和飞机| Vor meiner Mutterschaft war ich Journalistin gewesen, die nach dem Absturz der Concorde abgehauen war. 母親になる前は、コンコルドが墜落したときに駆けつけたジャーナリストでした。 До материнства я была журналисткой, которая убежала, когда разбился «Конкорд». Annelikten önce Concorde düştüğünde aceleyle kaçan bir gazeteciydim. I was one of the first people into Belgrade when there was a revolution in Serbia. ||||||||贝尔格莱德|||||||塞尔维亚 ||||||||Serbian capital|||||||the country セルビアで革命が起きたとき、私はベオグラードに最初に足を踏み入れた人の 1 人でした。 Я был одним из первых, кто приехал в Белград, когда в Сербии произошла революция. Now, I was exhausted. |||вымотан( This walking went on for weeks. It was only until about three months in that something shifted, though. ||||||||||изменилось| |||up to|||||||changed or moved|however Es dauerte jedoch nur bis etwa drei Monate, bis sich etwas veränderte. È stato solo dopo circa tre mesi che qualcosa è cambiato. とはいえ、何かが変わったのは約3か月まででした。 As I pounded the pavement, my mind started to wander, too. ||стучал по||по тротуару|||||блуждать| ||walked with force||sidewalk or road|||||drift aimlessly| |||||||||divagar| Mentre calpestavo il marciapiede, la mia mente ha iniziato a vagare, anch'essa. 舗装を叩くと、私の心もさまよい始めました。 I began imagining what I would do when I finally did sleep again. Ho cominciato a immaginare cosa avrei fatto quando finalmente avrei dormito di nuovo. ようやくまた寝たらどうしようかと想像し始めました。

So the colic did fade, and I finally got an iPhone and I put all those hours of wandering into action. ||肠绞痛|||||||||||||||||| ||baby's crying episodes||gradually disappear||||||||||||||aimless exploration|| ||||||||||||||||||deambular|| Così il colica è svanita, e finalmente ho preso un iPhone e ho messo in atto tutte quelle ore di vagabondaggio. それで疝痛は消え、ついにiPhoneを手に入れ、何時間もさまよっていたすべての時間を行動に移しました. I created my dream job hosting a public radio show. |||||ведущим|||| |||||presenting|||| Ho creato il lavoro dei miei sogni ospitando un programma radiofonico pubblico. 私は公共のラジオ番組をホストする夢の仕事を作りました。 So there was no more rushing off to war zones, but thanks to my new smartphone, I could be a mother and a journalist. ||||||leaving for||||||||||||||||| Also keine Hetze mehr in Kriegsgebiete, aber dank meines neuen Smartphones konnte ich Mutter und Journalistin sein. Quindi non c'era più bisogno di correre verso zone di guerra, ma grazie al mio nuovo smartphone, potevo essere madre e giornalista. そのため、戦場に急ぐ必要はなくなりましたが、新しいスマートフォンのおかげで、私は母親になり、ジャーナリストになることができました。 I could be on the playground and on Twitter at the same time. |||||recreational area||||||| Potrei essere al parco giochi e su Twitter allo stesso tempo. 私は遊び場とツイッターに同時にいることができました。 Yeah, well, when I thought that, when the technology came in and took over, that is when I hit a wall. ||||believed|||||||||||||||| Sì, beh, quando ho pensato a questo, quando la tecnologia è entrata in gioco e ha preso il sopravvento, è stato allora che ho colpito un muro. ええ、まあ、そう思っていた時、技術が入ってきた時、壁にぶち当たりました。

So, I want you to picture this: you host a podcast, and you have to prove that the investment of precious public radio dollars in you is worth it. ||||||||||||||||||||ценные|||||||| ||||||||run a podcast||||||||||||valuable|||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||vale la pena| Stellen Sie sich also Folgendes vor: Sie sind Gastgeber eines Podcasts und müssen beweisen, dass sich die Investition der kostbaren öffentlichen Rundfunkgelder in Sie lohnt. Quindi, voglio che tu immagini questo: ospiti un podcast e devi dimostrare che l'investimento di preziosi dollari della radio pubblica in te ne vale la pena. ポッドキャストをホストしているあなたは、貴重な公共のラジオ ドルを投資する価値があることを証明しなければなりません。 My goal was to increase my audience size tenfold. ||||||||в десять раз ||||||||by ten times ||||||||dieci volte ||||||||diez veces ||||||||十倍 Il mio obiettivo era aumentare la mia audience di dieci volte. Моя цель состояла в том, чтобы увеличить размер моей аудитории в десять раз. So one day, I sat down to brainstorm, as you do, and I came up barren. |||||||мозговой ш||||||||без идей |||||||generate ideas||||||||empty-handed |||||||||||||||sin ideas Così un giorno, mi sono seduto a fare brainstorming, come si fa, e non ho trovato idee. Однажды я сел за мозговой штурм, как это делаете вы, и пришел к бесплодному результату. This was different than writer's block, right? ||||author's|| Questo era diverso dal blocco dello scrittore, giusto? It wasn't like there was something there waiting to be unearthed. ||||||||||раскрыто ||||||||||discovered or revealed ||||||||||desenterrado There was just nothing. And so I started to think back: When was the last time I actually had a good idea? E così ho cominciato a pensare: quando è stata l'ultima volta che ho avuto davvero una buona idea? Yeah, it was when I was pushing that damn stroller. |||||||||коляска ||||||moving with effort||annoying|baby carriage Sì, è stato quando stavo spingendo quel maledetto passeggino. ええ、あのいまいましいベビーカーを押していたときでした。 Now all the cracks in my day were filled with phone time. |||щели|||||||| |||gaps or breaks|||||||| |||grietas|||||||| Ora tutte le crepe nella mia giornata erano riempite con il tempo sul telefono. 今では、私の 1 日の隙間はすべて電話の時間で満たされています。 I checked the headlines while I waited for my latte. |||заголовки||||||латте |||news summaries|during the time|||||coffee with milk |||los titulares|||||| Ho controllato i titoli mentre aspettavo il mio latte. ラテを待っている間、見出しをチェックしました。 I updated my calendar while I was sitting on the couch. |made changes to||schedule||||||| Ho aggiornato il mio calendario mentre ero seduto sul divano. Texting turned every spare moment into a chance to show to my coworkers and my dear husband what a responsive person I was, or at least it was a chance to find another perfect couch for my page on Pinterest. |||свободный|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||colleagues|||||||quick to reply||||||if nothing else||||||||||||||social media platform |||||||||||||||||||receptiva|||||||||||||||||||| Inviare messaggi trasformava ogni momento libero in un'opportunità per mostrare ai miei colleghi e a mio marito quanto fossi una persona reattiva, o almeno era un'opportunità per trovare un altro divano perfetto per la mia pagina su Pinterest. テキストメッセージは、あらゆる暇な瞬間を、同僚や親愛なる夫に、私がいかに反応の良い人であるかを示す機会に変えました。または、少なくとも、Pinterest の私のページに最適な別のソファを見つける機会になりました. СМС превращали каждую свободную минуту в возможность показать коллегам и любимому мужу, какой я отзывчивый человек, или, по крайней мере, в возможность найти еще один идеальный диван для своей странички на Pinterest. I realized that I was never bored. |understood||||| And anyway, don't only boring people get bored? E comunque, non solo le persone noiose si annoiano? とにかく、退屈な人だけが退屈するのではありませんか?

But then I started to wonder: What actually happens to us when we get bored? |||||be curious about||||||||| Ma poi ho cominciato a chiedermi: Cosa ci succede realmente quando ci annoiamo? しかし、私は疑問に思うようになりました: 退屈すると実際に何が起こるのでしょうか? Or, more importantly: What happens to us if we never get bored? O, cosa più importante: Cosa ci succede se non ci annoiamo mai? または、もっと重要なことは、退屈しないとどうなるかということです。 And what could happen if we got rid of this human emotion entirely? ||||||||||||полностью ||||||||||||completely E cosa potrebbe succedere se ci liberassimo completamente di questa emozione umana? А что может случиться, если мы полностью избавимся от этих человеческих эмоций? I started talking to neuroscientists and cognitive psychologists, and what they told me was fascinating. ||||brain researchers||mental processes|mental health experts||||||| Ho iniziato a parlare con neuroscienziati e psicologi cognitivi, e ciò che mi hanno detto era affascinante. 私は神経科学者や認知心理学者と話し始めましたが、彼らの話は興味深いものでした。 It turns out that when you get bored, you ignite a network in your brain called the "default mode. |||||||||активируете||||||||| |||||||||activate||neural connections||||||baseline state|default state |||||||||enciendes||||||||| Si scopre che quando ci si annoia, si attiva una rete nel cervello chiamata 'modalità predefinita.' 退屈すると、「デフォルトモード」と呼ばれる脳内ネットワークに火がつくことがわかりました。 " So our body, it goes on autopilot while we're folding the laundry or we're walking to work, but actually that is when our brain gets really busy. |||||||||складывании||||||||||||||||| |||||||||doing repetitive tasks||clothes washing||||||||||||||| |||||||||doblando||||||||||||||||| " Quindi il nostro corpo va in pilota automatico mentre pieghiamo il bucato o camminiamo verso il lavoro, ma in realtà è in quel momento che il nostro cervello diventa davvero attivo. 「だから私たちの体は、洗濯物をたたんでいるときや歩いて仕事に行くときにオートパイロットになっていますが、実際には脳が非常に忙しくなるのはそのときです. "Наше тело работает на автопилоте, пока мы складываем белье или идем на работу, но на самом деле в это время наш мозг очень занят. Here's boredom researcher Dr. Sandi Mann. |исследователь скуки|||| |lack of interest|||Sandi Mann|Dr. Sandi Mann Ecco la ricercatrice sulla noia, la Dott.ssa Sandi Mann.

(Audio) Dr. Sandi Mann: Once you start daydreaming and allow your mind to really wander, you start thinking a little bit beyond the conscious, a little bit into the subconscious, which allows sort of different connections to take place. ||Санди|||||бредя в меч||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||mind wandering|||||||roam freely|||||||past the surface|the conscious mind|aware mind's surface||||||below conscious awareness|that enables||a kind of|||connections|||place ||||||||||||||divagar|||||||||||||||||||||||| (Audio) Dott.ssa Sandi Mann: Una volta che inizi a sognare a occhi aperti e permetti alla tua mente di vagare davvero, inizi a pensare un po' oltre il conscio, un po' nel subconscio, il che permette di realizzare alcune connessioni diverse. (音声) サンディ・マン博士: 空想にふけり、心が本当にさまよえるようになると、意識を少し超えて、潜在意識の中に少し入って考えるようになり、さまざまなつながりが生まれます。 (Аудио) Д-р Сэнди Манн: Как только вы начинаете мечтать и позволяете своему уму по-настоящему блуждать, вы начинаете мыслить немного за пределами сознания, немного в подсознании, что позволяет иметь место разным видам связей. It's really awesome, actually. ||классно| ||truly amazing| 本当にすごいですよ、本当に。

Manoush Zomorodi: Totally awesome, right? |||amazing| マヌーシュ・ゾモロディ: 完全に素晴らしいですよね?

So this is my brain in an fMRI, and I learned that in the default mode is when we connect disparate ideas, we solve some of our most nagging problems, and we do something called "autobiographical planning. ||||||||||||||||||||разнородные||||||||досаждающие|||||||| ||||||||||||||baseline state|default state|||||different, unrelated, distinct||||||||persistent, troubling|||||||self-reflective| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||persistentes|||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||不同的|||||||||||||||| Quindi questo è il mio cervello in un fMRI, e ho imparato che nella modalità predefinita è quando colleghiamo idee disparate, risolviamo alcuni dei nostri problemi più fastidiosi, e facciamo qualcosa chiamato "pianificazione autobiografica." これは私の脳を fMRI で撮影したものです デフォルトのモードでは 異なるアイデアを結びつけ 最も厄介な問題のいくつかを解決し 「自伝的計画」と呼ばれるものを行うことを学びました " This is when we look back at our lives, we take note of the big moments, we create a personal narrative, and then we set goals and we figure out what steps we need to take to reach them. ||||||||||||||||||||наратив|||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||personal story|||||||ourselves|determine|||||||||| " Questo è quando guardiamo indietro alle nostre vite, prendiamo nota dei grandi momenti, creiamo una narrativa personale, e poi fissiamo obiettivi e capiamo quali passi dobbiamo prendere per raggiungerli. 「これは私たちが自分の人生を振り返り、大きな瞬間に注目し、個人的な物語を作成し、目標を設定し、それらに到達するために必要な手順を理解するときです. Это когда мы оглядываемся на свою жизнь, отмечаем важные моменты, создаем личный рассказ, а затем ставим цели и определяем, какие шаги нам нужно предпринять, чтобы их достичь". But now we chill out on the couch also while updating a Google Doc or replying to email. ||||||||as well|at the same time|editing|||||responding to emails|| Ma ora ci rilassiamo anche sul divano mentre aggiorniamo un Google Doc o rispondiamo a un'email. しかし今では、Google ドキュメントを更新したり、メールに返信したりしながら、ソファでくつろいでいます。 We call it "getting shit done," but here's what neuroscientist Dr. Daniel Levitin says we're actually doing. ||||tasks and goals|||||||||||| Lo chiamiamo "portare a termine le cose", ma ecco cosa dice il neuroscienziato Dr. Daniel Levitin che stiamo effettivamente facendo. 私たちはそれを「たわごとを成し遂げる」と呼んでいますが、神経科学者のダニエル・レヴィティン博士は、私たちが実際に行っていると言っています.

(Audio) Dr. Daniel Levitin: Every time you shift your attention from one thing to another, the brain has to engage a neurochemical switch that uses up nutrients in the brain to accomplish that. |||||||||||||||||||включить||нейрохимический переключ|||||питательные вещества|||||| |||||||||||||||||needs to||activate||brain chemical|neurochemical transition||consumes||brain resources|||||achieve that task| (Audio) Dr. Daniel Levitin: Jedes Mal, wenn Sie Ihre Aufmerksamkeit von einer Sache auf eine andere lenken, muss das Gehirn einen neurochemischen Schalter betätigen, der Nährstoffe im Gehirn verbraucht, um dies zu erreichen. (Audio) Dr. Daniel Levitin: Ogni volta che sposti la tua attenzione da una cosa a un'altra, il cervello deve attivare un interruttore neurochimico che utilizza nutrienti nel cervello per completare questo. (音声) ダニエル・レビチン博士: 注意を別のものに移すたびに、脳はそれを達成するために脳内の栄養素を消費する神経化学スイッチを作動させる必要があります。 So if you're attempting to multitask, you know, doing four or five things at once, you're not actually doing four or five things at once, because the brain doesn't work that way. |||trying to multitask||juggle multiple tasks|||||||||||||||||||||||||| Quindi, se stai cercando di fare più cose contemporaneamente, sai, facendo quattro o cinque cose allo stesso tempo, in realtà non stai facendo quattro o cinque cose contemporaneamente, perché il cervello non funziona in questo modo. Instead, you're rapidly shifting from one thing to the next, depleting neural resources as you go. ||||||||||истощая||||| ||quickly||||||||using up|brain-related|mental energy reserves||| ||||||||||agotando||||| ||||||||||消耗||||| Stattdessen wechseln Sie schnell von einer Sache zur nächsten und verbrauchen dabei neuronale Ressourcen. Invece, stai rapidamente passando da una cosa all'altra, esaurendo le risorse neurali mentre procedi. 代わりに、あることから次のことへと急速に移行し、進むにつれて神経リソースを枯渇させます. Вместо этого вы быстро переключаетесь с одного дела на другое, истощая нейронные ресурсы по ходу дела.

(Audio) MZ: So switch, switch, switch, you're using glucose, glucose, glucose. ||||||||葡萄糖(1)|| |Male voice|||||||blood sugar|| ||||||||||глюкоза(3) (Audio) MZ: Quindi cambia, cambia, cambia, stai usando glucosio, glucosio, glucosio.

(Audio) DL: Exactly right, and we have a limited supply of that stuff. ||||||||||||вещи |Download||||||||||| (Audio) DL: Esattamente, e abbiamo una fornitura limitata di quella roba. (音声) DL: その通りです。

MZ: A decade ago, we shifted our attention at work every three minutes. ||десятилетие назад|||||||||| |||||changed focus||||||| MZ: 10 年前、私たちは 3 分ごとに注意を向けていました。 Now we do it every 45 seconds, and we do it all day long. 今では 45 秒ごとに、そして 1 日中それを行っています。 The average person checks email 74 times a day, and switches tasks on their computer 566 times a day. |||||||||changes activities||||||| La persona media controlla l'email 74 volte al giorno e cambia attività sul computer 566 volte al giorno. 平均的な人は 1 日に 74 回メールをチェックし、1 日に 566 回コンピューターでタスクを切り替えます。 I discovered all this talking to professor of informatics, Dr. Gloria Mark. ||||||||информатики||| ||||||||information science||Dr. Gloria Mark| Ho scoperto tutto questo parlando con la professoressa di informatica, Dr.ssa Gloria Mark. 私は、情報学の教授であるグロリア・マーク博士と話していることをすべて発見しました。

(Audio) Dr. Gloria Mark: So we find that when people are stressed, they tend to shift their attention more rapidly. |||||||||||||are likely to||||||more quickly (Audio) Dr. Gloria Mark: Wir haben also festgestellt, dass Menschen, die gestresst sind, dazu neigen, ihre Aufmerksamkeit schneller zu verlagern. (Audio) Dr.ssa Gloria Mark: Quindi scopriamo che quando le persone sono stressate, tendono a spostare la loro attenzione più rapidamente. (音声) グロリア・マーク博士: つまり、人はストレスを感じると、より急速に注意を移す傾向があることがわかりました。 We also found, strangely enough, that the shorter the amount of sleep that a person gets, the more likely they are to check Facebook. |||oddly enough|sufficiently surprising||||||||||||||||||| Abbiamo anche scoperto, stranamente, che minore è la quantità di sonno che una persona ottiene, più è probabile che controlli Facebook. また、奇妙なことに、睡眠時間が短いほど、Facebook をチェックする可能性が高くなることがわかりました。 So we're in this vicious, habitual cycle. ||||порочный|привычный| ||||harmful and repetitive|repetitive or routine| Wir befinden uns also in diesem Teufelskreis der Gewohnheiten. Quindi siamo in questo ciclo vizioso e abituale. つまり、私たちはこの悪循環に陥っています。

MZ: But could this cycle be broken? MZ: Ma questo ciclo potrebbe essere rotto? What would happen if we broke this vicious cycle? |||||||порочный| |||||||harmful repeating pattern| Maybe my listeners could help me find out. Forse i miei ascoltatori potrebbero aiutarmi a scoprirlo. What if we reclaimed those cracks in our day? |||вернули||щели||| |||made use of||small breaks||| |||recuperáramos||||| |||重新利用||||| E se riappropriassimo di quelle crepe nella nostra giornata? 私たちが現代にそれらの亀裂を取り戻したらどうなるでしょうか? Could it help us jump-start our creativity? Könnte sie uns helfen, unserer Kreativität auf die Sprünge zu helfen? Potrebbe aiutarci a dare una spinta alla nostra creatività? それは私たちの創造性を活性化させるのに役立つでしょうか? We called the project "Bored and Brilliant. Abbiamo chiamato il progetto "Annoioso e Brillante. " And I expected, you know, a couple hundred people to play along, but thousands of people started signing up. |||||||||||participate in fun||||||| „Und ich hatte erwartet, dass ein paar hundert Leute mitspielen würden, aber Tausende von Leuten haben angefangen, sich anzumelden. " E mi aspettavo, sai, un paio di centinaia di persone che partecipassero, ma migliaia di persone hanno iniziato a iscriversi. And they told me the reason they were doing it was because they were worried that their relationship with their phone had grown kind of ... "codependent," shall we say. |||||||||||||||||||||||||созависимым||| ||||||||||||||||||||||become increasingly|||mutually reliant||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||共依存||| E mi hanno detto che il motivo per cui lo stavano facendo era perché erano preoccupati che il loro rapporto con il telefono fosse diventato un po' ... "codependente," diciamo così. そして、彼らがそれをしている理由は、彼らの携帯電話との関係が一種の「共依存」になっているのではないかと心配していたからだと私に言いました. И они сказали мне, что причина, по которой они это делают, заключается в том, что они беспокоятся, что их отношения с телефоном стали какими-то... "созависимыми", скажем так.

(Audio) Man: The relationship between a baby and its teddy bear or a baby and its binky or a baby that wants its mother's cradle when it's done with being held by a stranger --    (Laughs)   that's the relationship between me and my phone. |||||||||медвежонок|||||||пустышка||||||||колыбель|||||||||||||||||| |||||||||comfort object|stuffed animal||||||pacifier|||||||mother's cradle|mother's arms|||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||oso de peluche||||||chupete||||||||cuna de su madre|||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||奶嘴||||||||摇篮|||||||||||||||||| (Audio) Uomo: La relazione tra un bambino e il suo orsetto di peluche o un bambino e il suo ciucciotto o un bambino che vuole la culla di sua madre quando ha finito di essere tenuto da uno sconosciuto -- (Ride) questa è la relazione tra me e il mio telefono. (音声) 男性: 赤ちゃんとテディベア、または赤ちゃんとビンキー、または見知らぬ人に抱かれ終わったときに母親のゆりかごを欲しがる赤ちゃんとの関係 -- (笑い) それが私と私の携帯電話の関係です.

(Audio) Woman: I think of my phone like a power tool: extremely useful, but dangerous if I'm not handling it properly. ||||||||||||||||||обращаюсь с|| ||||||||||||beneficial||||||using it|| (Audio) Donna: Penso al mio telefono come a uno strumento potente: estremamente utile, ma pericoloso se non lo gestisco correttamente.

(Audio) Woman 2: If I don't pay close attention, I'll suddenly realize that I've lost an hour of time doing something totally mindless. |||||||||||||||||||||бессмысленным |||||||||||||||||||||without thought ||||||||||darme cuenta|||||||||||sin sentido (Audio) Donna 2: Se non faccio attenzione, mi accorgerò all'improvviso che ho perso un'ora di tempo a fare qualcosa di totalmente senza senso. (音声) 女性 2: よく注意しないと、まったく無意味なことをして 1 時間の時間を無駄にしたことに突然気付きます。 (Аудио) Женщина 2: Если я не буду внимательно следить, я вдруг пойму, что потеряла час времени, занимаясь чем-то абсолютно бессмысленным.

MZ: OK, but to really measure any improvement, we needed data, right? Mark Zuckerberg||||||||||| MZ: OK, ma per misurare realmente un miglioramento, avevamo bisogno di dati, giusto? MZ: わかりましたが、実際に改善を測定するには、データが必要でしたよね? Because that's what we do these days. Perché è quello che facciamo oggigiorno. それが私たちが最近していることだからです。 So we partnered with some apps that would measure how much time we were spending every day on our phone. ||сотрудничали||||||||||||||||| ||collaborated with|||mobile applications|||||||||||||| Così abbiamo collaborato con alcune app che avrebbero misurato quanto tempo trascorrevamo ogni giorno sul nostro telefono. そこで私たちは、毎日どのくらいの時間を電話に費やしているかを測定するいくつかのアプリと提携しました。 If you're thinking it's ironic that I asked people to download another app so that they would spend less time on their phones: yeah, but you gotta meet people where they are. ||||unexpectedly contradictory||||||install another app||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||meno||||||||||||| Se pensi che sia ironico che abbia chiesto alle persone di scaricare un'altra app in modo che trascorressero meno tempo sui loro telefoni: sì, ma devi incontrare le persone dove si trovano. 皮肉なことに、私が人々に別のアプリをダウンロードして、携帯電話で過ごす時間を減らすように頼んだのは皮肉なことだと思っているなら、そうです。 (Laughter) (Risate)

So before challenge week, we were averaging two hours a day on our phones and 60 pickups, you know, like, a quick check, did I get a new email? ||||||в среднем|||||||||проверок|||||||||||| ||||||spending approximately|||||||||phone checks|||||||||||| ||||||promediando|||||||||revisiones rápidas|||||||||||| Also vor der Herausforderungswoche haben wir durchschnittlich zwei Stunden am Tag mit unseren Telefonen und 60 Abholungen gearbeitet, weißt du, wie eine schnelle Überprüfung, habe ich eine neue E-Mail erhalten? Quindi, prima della settimana della sfida, trascorrevamo in media due ore al giorno sui nostri telefoni e 60 accessi, sai, come un rapido controllo, ho ricevuto una nuova email? チャレンジ ウィークの前に、私たちは 1 日平均 2 時間、電話で 60 回のピックアップを行っていました。 Here's what Tina, a student at Bard College, discovered about herself. ||the student||||Bard College|College|||

(Audio) Tina: So far, I've been spending between 150 and 200 minutes on my phone per day, and I've been picking up my phone 70 to 100 times per day. ||So far||||||||||||||||||||||| (Audio) Tina: Fino ad ora, ho trascorso tra 150 e 200 minuti al giorno sul mio telefono, e ho preso il mio telefono 70 a 100 volte al giorno. And it's really concerning, because that's so much time that I could have spent doing something more productive, more creative, more towards myself, because when I'm on my phone, I'm not doing anything important. ||действительно|вызывает беспокойство|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||worrying|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Ed è davvero preoccupante, perché è così tanto tempo che avrei potuto trascorrere facendo qualcosa di più produttivo, più creativo, più rivolto a me stessa, perché quando sono sul mio telefono, non sto facendo nulla di importante.

MZ: Like Tina, people were starting to observe their own behavior. |||||||notice||| MZ: Come Tina, le persone cominciavano a osservare il proprio comportamento. They were getting ready for challenge week. And that Monday, they started to wake up to instructions in their inbox, an experiment to try. ||first weekday|||||||||||||| E quel lunedì, iniziarono a svegliarsi con istruzioni nella loro casella di posta, un esperimento da provare. そしてその月曜日、彼らは受信トレイの指示に目覚め始めました。これは実験です。

Day one: "Put it in your pocket. Giorno uno: "Mettilo in tasca. " Take that phone out of your hand. "Togliti quel telefono dalla mano. See if you can eliminate the reflex to check it all day long, just for a day. ||||избавиться|||||||||||| ||||get rid of||automatic response|||||||||| ||||||反射|||||||||| Vedi se riesci ad eliminare il riflesso di controllarlo tutto il giorno, solo per un giorno. 反射を排除して、一日中、一日だけチェックできるかどうかを確認してください。 And if this sounds easy, you haven't tried it. E se questo ti sembra facile, non lo hai ancora provato. Here's listener Amanda Itzko. ||Amanda Itzko|Amanda Itzko speaking Ecco l'ascoltatrice Amanda Itzko. 08:16 (Audio) Amanda Itzko: I am absolutely itching. ||||||чешусь ||||||eagerly anticipating something ||||||me pica mucho 08:16 (Audio) Amanda Itzko: Ho davvero voglia di grattarmi. I feel a little bit crazy, because I have noticed that I pick up my phone when I'm just walking from one room to another, getting on the elevator, and even -- and this is the part that I am really embarrassed to actually say out loud -- in the car. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||смущённый|||||||| Mi sento un po' pazza, perché ho notato che prendo il mio telefono quando cammino semplicemente da una stanza all'altra, salendo in ascensore, e persino - e questa è la parte che mi imbarazza davvero dire ad alta voce - in macchina. ある部屋から別の部屋に歩いているとき、エレベーターに乗っているとき、さらには携帯電話を手に取っていることに気づいたので、少し頭がおかしくなりました。大声で言ってください - 車の中で。

MZ: Yikes. |Ой-ой |Oh no MZ: Accidenti. Yeah, well, but as Amanda learned, this itching feeling is not actually her fault. |||||||зудящее|||||| Sì, beh, ma come ha imparato Amanda, questa sensazione di prurito non è davvero colpa sua. ええ、まあ、でもアマンダが学んだように、このかゆみは実際には彼女のせいではありません. That is exactly the behavior that the technology is built to trigger. |||||||||||вызывать |||||||||||desencadenar Questo è esattamente il comportamento che la tecnologia è progettata per attivare. それはまさに、テクノロジーがトリガーするように構築された動作です。

(Laughter)    I mean, right? (Risate) Voglio dire, giusto? Here's former Google designer, Tristan Harris. |previously employed by||user interface expert|Tristan Harris|Tristan Harris Ecco l'ex designer di Google, Tristan Harris. 元 Google デザイナーの Tristan Harris です。

(Audio) Tristan Harris: If I'm Facebook or I'm Netflix or I'm Snapchat, I have literally a thousand engineers whose job is to get more attention from you. ||||||||streaming service|||social media app|||||||whose job|||||||| (Audio) Tristan Harris: Se sono Facebook, Netflix o Snapchat, ho letteralmente mille ingegneri il cui lavoro è ottenere più attenzione da te. (音声) トリスタン・ハリス: 私が Facebook、Netflix、または Snapchat の場合、文字通り 1,000 人のエンジニアがいて、その仕事はあなたの注目を集めることです。 I'm very good at this, and I don't want you to ever stop. Sono molto bravo in questo e non voglio che tu smetta mai. 私はこれがとても得意で、あなたにやめてほしくありません。 And you know, the CEO of Netflix recently said, "Our biggest competitors are Facebook, YouTube and sleep. |||||||||||конкуренты||||| ||||chief executive officer|||||||||||| E sai, il CEO di Netflix ha recentemente detto: "I nostri maggiori concorrenti sono Facebook, YouTube e il sonno." ご存知のように、Netflix の CEO は最近、「私たちの最大の競争相手は Facebook、YouTube、そして睡眠です。 " I mean, so there's a million places to spend your attention, but there's a war going on to get it. ||||||||||||||||идет||| " Voglio dire, ci sono un milione di posti dove spendere la tua attenzione, ma c'è una guerra in corso per ottenere la tua attenzione." つまり、注意を向ける場所は無数にありますが、それを得るために戦争が続いています。

MZ: I mean, you know the feeling: that amazing episode of "Transparent" ends, and then the next one starts playing so you're like, eh, OK fine, I'll just stay up and watch it. |||||||||||TV show||||||||||||||||||||| MZ: Voglio dire, conosci quella sensazione: quell'episodio straordinario di "Transparent" finisce, e poi il prossimo inizia a giocare, così tu sei tipo, eh, va bene, rimarrò sveglio e lo guarderò. MZ: つまり、「トランスペアレント」の素晴らしいエピソードが終わって、次のエピソードが始まるという感覚を知っているということです。 Or the LinkedIn progress bar says you are this close to having the perfect profile, so you add a little more personal information. |||completion status indicator||||||||||||||||||| Oppure la barra di avanzamento di LinkedIn dice che sei così vicino ad avere il profilo perfetto, quindi aggiungi un po' più di informazioni personali. または、LinkedIn のプログレス バーは、完璧なプロフィールに近づいていることを示しているので、もう少し個人情報を追加します。 As one UX designer told me, the only people who refer to their customers as "users" are drug dealers and technologists. |||||||||||||клиенты||||||| ||User Experience||||||||describe|||||end-users|||drug suppliers||technology professionals Come mi ha detto un designer UX, le uniche persone che si riferiscono ai loro clienti come "utenti" sono i trafficanti di droga e i tecnologi. ある UX デザイナーが私に言ったように、顧客を「ユーザー」と呼ぶのはドラッグ ディーラーと技術者だけです。 (Laughter) (Risate)

(Applause)

And users, as we know, are worth a lot of money. ||||||valen mucho dinero|||| そして、私たちが知っているように、ユーザーは多額の価値があります。 Here's former Facebook product manager and author, Antonio García Martínez. ||||||||García Martínez|García Martínez Ecco l'ex product manager di Facebook e autore, Antonio García Martínez. これは元 Facebook プロダクト マネージャー兼著者の Antonio García Martínez です。

(Audio) Antonio García Martínez: The saying is, if any product is free then you're the product; your attention is the product. Free product: you|||||||||||||||||||| (Audio) Antonio García Martínez: Il detto è, se un prodotto è gratuito allora sei tu il prodotto; la tua attenzione è il prodotto. (音声) Antonio García Martínez: ことわざは、もし製品が無料なら、あなたは製品だということです。あなたの注意は製品です。 But what is your attention worth? |||||vale Ma quanto vale la tua attenzione? That's why literally every time you load a page, not just on Facebook or any app, there's an auction being held instantly, billions of times a day, for exactly how much that one ad impression cost. ||||||загружаете||||||||||||аукцион||||||||||||||||| ||||||open or access||||||||||||bidding process|||immediately|||||||||||||ad view| Ecco perché ogni volta che carichi una pagina, non solo su Facebook o su qualsiasi app, si tiene un'asta all'istante, miliardi di volte al giorno, per esattamente quanto costa quell'unica impressione pubblicitaria. そのため、Facebook やその他のアプリだけでなく、文字通りページを読み込むたびに、広告の 1 回のインプレッションにかかる正確な金額を競うオークションが 1 日に何十億回も即座に開催されます。

MZ: By the way, the average person will spend two years of their life on Facebook. MZ: A proposito, la persona media passerà due anni della propria vita su Facebook. MZ: ところで、平均的な人は人生の 2 年間を Facebook で過ごします。 So, back to challenge week. Quindi, torniamo alla settimana della sfida. Immediately, we saw some creativity kick in. すぐに、創造性が発揮されるのが見えました。 Here's New Yorker Lisa Alpert. ||from New York|Lisa Alpert|a person's name

(Audio) Lisa Alpert: I was bored, I guess. |||||not interested|| (Audio) Lisa Alpert: Ero annoiata, suppongo. (音声) リサ・アルパート: 退屈だったのかな。 So I suddenly looked at the stairway that went up to the top of the station, and I thought, you know, I had just come down that stairway, but I could go back up and then come back down and get a little cardio. ||||||лестница||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||flight of stairs|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||aerobic exercise ||||||escalera||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Plötzlich sah ich die Treppe, die nach oben zum Bahnhof führte, und ich dachte, ich wäre gerade die Treppe hinuntergekommen, aber ich könnte wieder hinaufgehen und dann wieder hinunterkommen und ein bisschen Kondition trainieren. Quindi ad un certo punto ho guardato la scala che portava in cima alla stazione, e ho pensato, sai, ero appena scesa da quella scala, ma potevo risalire e poi tornare giù per fare un po' di cardio. ふと、駅の最上階に上がる階段を見て、あの階段を降りたばかりなのに、上に戻って下に戻って、少し有酸素運動をすることができると思いました。 So I did, and then I had a little more time, so I did it again and I did it again, and I did it 10 times. Così ho fatto, e poi avevo un po' più di tempo, quindi l'ho rifatto e l'ho rifatto, e l'ho fatto 10 volte. それでやりましたが、もう少し時間があったので、もう一度やり、もう一度やり、10回やりました。 And I had a complete cardio workout. ||||||exercise session そして、私は完全な有酸素運動をしました。 I got on that R train feeling kind of exhausted, but, like, wow, that had never occurred to me. |||||||||выжатый(1)|||||||пришло в голову|| ||||||||||||||||crossed my mind|| Sono salito su quel treno R sentendomi un po' esausto, ma, tipo, wow, non mi era mai venuto in mente. Rの電車に乗った時はちょっと疲れましたが、うわー、そんなことは思いもよらなかったです。 How is that possible? Com'è possibile? そんなことがあるものか?

(Laughter) Смех (Risate)

MZ: So creativity, I learned, means different things to different people. MZ: Quindi la creatività, ho imparato, significa cose diverse per persone diverse. MZ: クリエイティビティとは、人によって意味が異なるということを学びました。 (Laughter) (Risate)

But everyone found day three's challenge the hardest. ||||третьего дня||| ||||day 3's|task||hardest ||||del tercer día||| Ma tutti hanno trovato la sfida del giorno tre la più difficile. しかし、誰もが 3 日目の挑戦が最も難しいと感じました。 It was called "Delete that app. 「そのアプリを削除してください。 " Take that app -- you know the one; that one that always gets you, it sucks you in -- take it off your phone, even if just for the day. ||||||||||||||draws you in||||||||||||| " Togli quell'app -- sai quale; quella che ti prende sempre, ti risucchia -- toglila dal tuo telefono, anche solo per un giorno. そのアプリを持っていってください - あなたは知っているものです; いつもあなたを惹きつけ、あなたを夢中にさせるアプリです - たとえその日だけでも、あなたの携帯電話から外してください. I deleted the game Two Dots and nearly cried. |||||mobile puzzle game||almost|almost broke down Ho eliminato il gioco Two Dots e sono quasi scoppiato a piangere. Two Dots というゲームを削除して、泣きそうになりました。 (Laughter) (Risate)

Yeah, Two Dots players know what I'm talking about. ええ、Two Dots プレイヤーは私が話していることを知っています。 But my misery had good company. ||страдание||| ||suffering||| Aber mein Elend hatte gute Gesellschaft. Ma la mia miseria aveva una buona compagnia. しかし、私の惨めさには良い仲間がいました。

(Audio) Man 2: This is Liam in Los Angeles, and I deleted Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Tumblr, Snapchat and Vine from my phone in one fell swoop. ||||||||||||||||||||||||одним махом ||||a person's name||||||||||blogging platform|||Video sharing app||||||all at once|all at once |||||||||||||||||||||||de un golpe|de un golpe ||||||||||||||||||||||||一举 (Audio) Uomo 2: Questo è Liam a Los Angeles, e ho eliminato Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Tumblr, Snapchat e Vine dal mio telefono in un sol colpo. (音声) 男性 2: ロサンゼルスのリアムです。Twitter、Facebook、Instagram、Tumblr、Snapchat、Vine を携帯から一気に削除しました。 And it was kind of an embarrassingly emotional experience at first. ||||||смущающим образом|||| ||||||awkwardly emotional|||| ||||||vergonzosamente|||| E all'inizio è stata un'esperienza piuttosto imbarazzante e emozionante. そして、最初は恥ずかしいほど感情的な経験でした。 It felt weirdly lonely to look at that lock screen with no new notifications on it. ||strangely||||||||||||| ||extrañamente||||||||||||| Sembrava stranamente solitario guardare quella schermata di blocco senza nuove notifiche. 新しい通知が表示されていないロック画面を見ると、妙に寂しく感じました。 But I really liked deciding for myself when to think about or access my social networks, not giving my phone the power to decide that for me. |||||||||||||||social connections||||||||||| Aber ich mochte es wirklich, selbst zu entscheiden, wann ich an meine sozialen Netzwerke denke oder auf sie zugreife, und nicht meinem Telefon die Macht zu geben, das für mich zu entscheiden. Ma mi è piaciuto davvero decidere da solo quando pensare o accedere ai miei social network, senza dare al mio telefono il potere di decidere per me. しかし、自分のソーシャル ネットワークについて考えたり、ソーシャル ネットワークにアクセスしたりするタイミングを自分で決めるのが本当に好きでした。自分の携帯電話にそれを決定する力を与えるのではありませんでした。 So thank you. Quindi grazie.

(Audio) Woman 3: Deleting the Twitter app was very sad, and I feel I maybe, over the last year when I've been on Twitter, have developed an addiction to it, and this "Bored and Brilliant" challenge has really made me realize it. ||||||||||||||||||||||||развила||зависимость|||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||self-improvement task|||||| (音声) 女性 3: Twitter アプリを削除するのはとても悲しいことでした。たぶん、私が Twitter を使っていたこの 1 年間で、Twitter にハマってしまったのではないかと思います。この「退屈で素晴らしい」チャレンジは、私はそれを実現します。 After a brief period of really horrible withdrawal feeling, like lack-of-caffeine headache, I now feel lovely. |||||||отмены|||||без кофеина|головная боль||||прекрасно |||||||symptom relief phase||||||||||very good |||||||abstinencia||||||dolor de cabeza|||| Dopo un breve periodo di sensazione di astinenza davvero orribile, come un mal di testa da mancanza di caffeina, ora mi sento meraviglioso. カフェイン欠乏症の頭痛のような、本当に恐ろしい引きこもりの短い期間の後、私は今、素敵な気分です. I had a lovely dinner with my family, and I hope to continue this structured use of these powerful tools. ||||||||||||||organized and planned||||| Ho avuto una cena deliziosa con la mia famiglia e spero di continuare questo uso strutturato di questi potenti strumenti. 私は家族と素敵な夕食をとりました。これらの強力なツールを体系的に使用し続けたいと思っています。

(Audio) Woman 4: I don't have that guilty gut feeling I have when I know I'm wasting time on my phone. |||||||чувство вины|||||||||||| |||||||instinctive feeling||||||||using unproductively|||| (Audio) Donna 4: Non ho quella sensazione di colpa che ho quando so di perdere tempo sul mio telefono. (音声) 女性 4: 電話で時間を無駄にしているとわかっているときの罪悪感はありません。 (Аудио) Женщина 4: У меня нет того чувства вины, которое возникает, когда я понимаю, что трачу время на телефон. Maybe I'll have to start giving myself challenges and reminders like this every morning. |||||||||prompts|||| Forse dovrò iniziare a darmi delle sfide e dei promemoria come questo ogni mattina. たぶん、毎朝このように自分自身に課題とリマインダーを与え始める必要があるでしょう.

MZ: I mean, yes, this was progress. ||||||forward movement MZ: Voglio dire, sì, questo è stato un progresso. MZ: はい、これは進歩でした。 I could not wait to see what the numbers said at the end of that week. Non vedevo l'ora di vedere cosa dicevano i numeri alla fine di quella settimana. その週の終わりに数字が何を言っているのかを見るのが待ちきれませんでした. But when the data came in, it turned out that we had cut down, on average, just six minutes -- from 120 minutes a day on our phones to 114. Ma quando sono arrivati i dati, è emerso che avevamo ridotto, in media, solo sei minuti -- da 120 minuti al giorno sui nostri telefoni a 114. しかし、データが入ってくると、携帯電話で 1 日 120 分から 114 に、平均でわずか 6 分短縮されたことがわかりました。 Yeah. Sì. Whoop-de-do. Exaggerated excitement or fuss.|| Alboroto|| Ehi. やれやれ。

So I went back to the scientists feeling kind of low, and they just laughed at me, and they said, you know, changing people's behavior in such a short time period was ridiculously ambitious, and actually what you've achieved is far beyond what we thought possible. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||extremely|overly optimistic||||||||more than expected|||| Così sono tornato dai scienziati sentendomi un po' giù, e loro mi hanno solo riso in faccia, dicendo che cambiare il comportamento delle persone in un periodo così breve era incredibilmente ambizioso, e in realtà ciò che hai ottenuto va ben oltre ciò che pensavamo fosse possibile. それで私は科学者たちの所に戻りました 落ち込みました 彼らは私をただ笑いました 彼らはこう言いました こんなに短期間で人々の行動を変えることは 途方もなく野心的で 実際あなたが達成したことは 何を達成したかをはるかに超えています私たちは可能だと考えました。 Because more important than the numbers, were the people's stories. Perché più importanti dei numeri erano le storie delle persone. 数字よりも重要なのは人々の物語だったからです。 They felt empowered. ||уполномоченными ||felt more confident Si sentivano empowerati. 彼らは力を与えられたと感じました。 Their phones had been transformed from taskmasters back into tools. ||||||деспоты|||инструменты ||||||strict overseers||| ||||||padroni||| ||||||capataces||| ||||||任务主宰||| I loro telefoni erano stati trasformati da padroni di lavoro a strumenti. 彼らの電話はタスクマスターからツールに変わっていました。

And actually, I found what the young people said most intriguing. ||||||||||увлекательным ||||||||||most fascinating ||||||||||más intrigante E in effetti, ho trovato ciò che i giovani dicevano più interessante. そして実際、私は若い人たちの言葉が最も興味深いと感じました。 Some of them told me that they didn't recognize some of the emotions that they felt during challenge week, because, if you think about it, if you have never known life without connectivity, you may never have experienced boredom. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||связанности||||||скука ||||||||recognize|||||||||||||one|||||||||||connectivity||||||boredom Alcuni di loro mi hanno detto che non riconoscevano alcune delle emozioni che provavano durante la settimana della sfida, perché, se ci pensi, se non hai mai conosciuto la vita senza connettività, potresti non aver mai sperimentato la noia. 何人かは、チャレンジウィーク中に感じた感情のいくつかを認識していなかったと私に言いました。 And there could be consequences. ||||последствия そして、結果が生じる可能性があります。 Researchers at USC have found -- they're studying teenagers who are on social media while they're talking to their friends or they're doing homework, and two years down the road, they are less creative and imaginative about their own personal futures and about solving societal problems, like violence in their neighborhoods. ||Университет Южной Калифорнии||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||творческие|||||||||социальные|||||| ||University of Southern California||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||creative|||||futures||||societal||||||communities |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||barrios I ricercatori della USC hanno scoperto - stanno studiando adolescenti che sono sui social media mentre parlano con i loro amici o fanno i compiti, e due anni dopo, sono meno creativi e immaginativi riguardo ai propri futuri personali e alla risoluzione dei problemi sociali, come la violenza nei loro quartieri. USC の研究者は、友人と話しているときや宿題をしているときにソーシャル メディアを利用している 10 代の若者を調査しており、2 年後、自分自身の将来について創造性や想像力が低下していることを発見しました。近所での暴力などの社会問題の解決について。 Исследователи из Университета Южной Калифорнии обнаружили, что подростки, сидящие в социальных сетях во время общения с друзьями или выполнения домашнего задания, через два года после этого менее творчески и с фантазией относятся к своему личному будущему и к решению общественных проблем, таких как насилие в их кварталах. And we really need this next generation to be able to focus on some big problems: climate change, economic disparity, massive cultural differences. |||||||||||||||||||экономическое неравенство||| |||||||||||||||||||disparity||| E abbiamo davvero bisogno che questa prossima generazione sia in grado di concentrarsi su alcuni grandi problemi: cambiamento climatico, disparità economica, enormi differenze culturali. そして、気候変動、経済的格差、大きな文化的違いなど、いくつかの大きな問題に集中できるようにするために、この次世代が本当に必要です。 No wonder CEOs in an IBM survey identified creativity as the number one leadership competency. ||генеральные директора|||IBM|опросе IBM|||||||| ||Chief Executive Officers||||survey|||||||leadership|skill set Non c'è da meravigliarsi che i CEO in un sondaggio IBM abbiano identificato la creatività come la competenza di leadership numero uno. IBM の調査で CEO が創造性をリーダーとしての能力の第 1 位とみなしたのも不思議ではありません。

OK, here's the good news, though: In the end, 20,000 people did "Bored and Brilliant" that week. |||||||||||||Блестяще|| |||||but|||||||||| OK, ecco la buona notizia, però: Alla fine, 20.000 persone hanno partecipato a "Bored and Brilliant" quella settimana. Ninety percent cut down on their minutes. ninety|||||| Novanta percento ha ridotto il tempo speso. Seventy percent got more time to think. Seventy|||||| Settanta percento ha avuto più tempo per pensare. People told me that they slept better. They felt happier. My favorite note was from a guy who said he felt like he was waking up from a mental hibernation. ||||||||||чувствовал|||||||||глубокий сон |||||||||||||||||||hibernation |||||||||||||||||||冬眠 La mia nota preferita era di un ragazzo che diceva di sentirsi come se si stesse svegliando da un'ibernazione mentale.

Some personal data and some neuroscience gave us permission to be offline a little bit more, and a little bit of boredom gave us some clarity and helped some of us set some goals. ||||||||разрешение|||||||||||||||||ясность|||||||| |||||||||||not connected|||||||||||||||||||||| Alcuni dati personali e alcune neuroscienze ci hanno dato il permesso di essere offline un po' di più, e un po' di noia ci ha dato chiarezza e ha aiutato alcuni di noi a fissare alcuni obiettivi. 一部の個人データと一部の神経科学により、私たちはもう少しオフラインになることが許可され、少しの退屈が私たちにいくらかの明確さを与え、いくつかの目標を設定するのに役立ちました. I mean, maybe constant connectivity won't be cool in a couple of years. |||постоянная(1)||||||||| Voglio dire, forse la connettività costante non sarà cool tra un paio d'anni. つまり、常時接続は数年でクールではなくなるかもしれません。 Возможно, через пару лет постоянное подключение уже не будет крутым. But meanwhile, teaching people, especially kids, how to use technology to improve their lives and to self-regulate needs to be part of digital literacy. ||||||||||||||||||||||||грамотность |||||||||||||||||manage|||||||digital literacy ||||||||||||||||||||||||alfabetización digital Aber in der Zwischenzeit muss es Teil der digitalen Kompetenz sein, den Menschen, insbesondere den Kindern, beizubringen, wie sie die Technologie nutzen können, um ihr Leben zu verbessern und sich selbst zu regulieren. Ma nel frattempo, insegnare alle persone, specialmente ai bambini, come usare la tecnologia per migliorare le loro vite e per auto-regolarsi deve far parte dell'alfabetizzazione digitale. しかし一方で、人々、特に子供たちに、テクノロジーを使って生活を改善し、自己調整する方法を教えることは、デジタル リテラシーの一部である必要があります。

So the next time you go to check your phone, remember that if you don't decide how you're going to use the technology, the platforms will decide for you. ||||||||||||||||||||||||services|||| Quindi la prossima volta che vai a controllare il tuo telefono, ricorda che se non decidi come utilizzerai la tecnologia, le piattaforme decideranno per te. したがって、次に携帯電話をチェックするときは、テクノロジーをどのように使用するかを決めていない場合は、プラットフォームが決定することを忘れないでください. And ask yourself: What am I really looking for? E chiediti: Cosa sto realmente cercando? Because if it's to check email, that's fine -- do it and be done. 電子メールをチェックするのであれば、それで問題ありません。 But if it's to distract yourself from doing the hard work that comes with deeper thinking, take a break, stare out the window and know that by doing nothing you are actually being your most productive and creative self. ||||отвлечь себя|||||||||||||||смотри|||||||||||||||||||собственным я |||||||||||||||||||gaze||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||mirar fijamente||||||||||||||||||| Ma se è per distrarti dal fare il duro lavoro che comporta un pensiero più profondo, fai una pausa, guarda fuori dalla finestra e sappi che non facendo niente sei in realtà il tuo io più produttivo e creativo. しかし、より深い思考に伴う大変な作業から気をそらしたい場合は、休憩を取り、窓の外を見つめて、何もしないことが実際に最も生産的で創造的な自分であることを知ってください. It might feel weird and uncomfortable at first, but boredom truly can lead to brilliance. |||||||||скука|||||гениальности |||strange|||||||||||genius |||extraño||||||||||| All'inizio potrebbe sembrare strano e scomodo, ma la noia può davvero portare alla genialità. 最初は奇妙で不快に感じるかもしれませんが、退屈は本当に輝きにつながる可能性があります.

Thank you. Grazie.

(Applause)