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Stanford Entrepreneurship corner, Richard Scheller Developing Products that Save Lives No.1

Richard Scheller Developing Products that Save Lives No.1

It is my very special privilege to welcome our guest today. Richard Scheller is the head of R&D at Genentech. But I have known him for a very long time although he doesn't actually remember it. He started at Stanford as a faculty member in 1982 and in the Neuroscience Department and then Biology, and that was the year that I was a first year PhD student over there. So, I took classes from him. And it's absolutely amazing to see the trajectory of his career. He spent 19 years at Stanford and then went to Genentech. He's been there ten years and he's got some incredible insights about the difference between research and academia and in the industry and we're going to dive right in. So, welcome. Thank you very much for joining us. Thank you. Pleasure to be here. And maybe you could tell us a little bit about your story and about moving from academia, about what would motivate you. Tell us a little bit about how that happened. OK. I'm going to stand up if that's OK. Thanks for having me. I was a professor here for 19 years. I was a successful, member of the National Academy. I was a Hughes investigator so I had plenty of money. Things were going well. But the research that I was doing had gone through a phase where the knowledge had just exploded over the last decade and the rate of learning started to sort of plateau a little bit. So I just took stock in where I was headed with the rest of my career and thought that I had to do one of a couple of things. Find some new technology to increase that rate of learning again or switch my field to a little bit something different where I felt was sort of prime for that tremendous gain of knowledge again or maybe just do something different.

So my wife, who's on faculty here, and I thought, "Should we move to Boston?" I get to go to Boston and have a bunch of nice colleagues there and then have labs there. But it really wouldn't be very different than here, given that we didn't have any problems here. We loved it here. So I thought if I was going to do something different and move somewhere, since being a professor here is terrific, that I should really move somewhere where it would be quite different. So I thought then what would that be? It seemed to me then that we have done and when I say "we" in this case, I mean, the life science endeavor, not my lab. So everything funded by NIH for years and years. That sort of done what we've promised the society that we would do, which is learn enough about the way cells work and the way tissues work and enough about molecular biology. So that we can actually think about disease in very, very mechanistic terms which is the way I like to think. And wouldn't it be interesting to try and apply my biological insights to disease? So I was fortunate enough then to have somebody. David Botstein was in the Genetics Department at the time, had work with Genentech. He kind of heard I was looking around at different things. He introduced me to the CEO of Genentech at the time, Art Levinson. Art was a scientist, started off in a lab at Genentech, became the CEO. And I thought, "Wow, you know, if I'm going to actually have a boss," which was kind of a novel concept to a faculty member, "if I'm going to have a boss, it should be someone who's a scientist who can actually understand logic and things like that." Someone that I could talk to. So it seemed like a terrific challenge, a terrific opportunity and that it would be really, really different from what I was doing day to day at Stanford.

So, I remember over the Christmas holiday ten years ago thinking, "Should I do this? Should I do this?" Walking into the lab and thinking, "So nice here. My God, I have tenure. Should I do this? What if they fire me?" I could get fired if I go. These are all kind of novel notions to think about but it just seem like a terrific opportunity and I took the plunge and I have to say for me, personally, it was the right thing to do. My learning curve picked up again immediately learning all about kinds of new science, about cancer biology. I didn't really know that. I knew about cell biology but I didn't know specifically about cancer or immunology. I knew absolutely nothing about business. I was on the executive committee of the company. I had to find out what EPS stood for. Really, the executive committee meetings were just learning all about business, all about drug development. How do you develop a drug? I never thought of that before. So it was just absolutely fascinating. I have to say I give the company a lot of credit because, basically, I think it has paid off for them. But it took me two years before I had any idea what I was even doing in business. I mean, I knew about science but it really was a steep learning curve but not something that happens overnight. So for me, personally, I would say I took the leap because I wanted to do something different and I felt it was the right time to become basically a human experimental biologist, which is what we do all in the context of disease, of course.

So I want to build on something you just said. Yup. Because you said you were curious about what it felt like have a boss. Yup. But you also now have 2,000 people working for you. How did you learn how to be a boss with that many people? I mean that's going to be a huge challenge to manage a team that size. Well, that was part of the two years of learning and that was probably the biggest part. One of the huge differences is, I found that in business, you actually get feedback on how you're doing. I'm sorry, unlike here, at least when I was a professor. Yeah, you might see a chairman in the hall every year or so. But you basically did your own thing and then, nobody really provided you as much feedback. So one of the things that I did there was... Someone said to me, "You should meet the head of HR." And I said, "What does that stand for?" Honestly, I have no idea what that stood for. He said, "Human Resources." I said, "Oh, Human Resources." That kind of sounded to me like they must hire the people. So then someone explained to me what HR is and they do all sorts of things and so on, so I learned. But one of the things that the Executive Committee of Genentech at the time decided to do is to collect 360-feedback from our peers and folks that work for us and sort of tell us how we're doing. So this was a really novel experience for me. My first 360-feedback, let me see if I can remember. They said I was aloof, arrogant and dismissive. And I said, "Of course, I am. How do you think I survived as a scientist?" It was a competitive arena. But they said, "Well, you know BS. It's probably not going to work here. So what we'd like you to do is then to go discuss your 360 feedback with your reports and one level down, your directors." So I said, "Wow. OK, we'll go do that." So I went into the room with these people and as a fact, I knew that, yes, most of these people said that I was those things. I didn't know anyone specifically who said it. Of course, it was anonymous. But I said, "Well, gee, people say I'm aloof, dismissive and arrogant and I can't understand this. I mean, my parents said that. My wife says that, my colleges at Stanford say that. You say that. I cannot figure out how you're all wrong in the same way." So I basically found that you need to be a much better listener. You need to really, really respect folks and their opinions. But it is very, it is different in industry compared to being here. I think part of the reason that people found me quite brash was the fact that here, when I said something, nobody actually did what I said. Hopefully, they at least marginally considered it, but then they would go, "No, really?" I mean, post docs, students and then they go do really what they wanted to do, which was fine. So I took that attitude to Genentech and actually found very quickly that-well, I didn't really want the atmosphere of the company to be that way-but it is just different and it is somewhat more hierarchical and that people actually do what you say. So you have to be really careful with what you say because folks are going to take it incredibly seriously. So it's just a million little things like that you learn over time about how it's different in the industry versus academia. But the reason I say that it took me two years before I felt as though I was coming to a place where I really knew what I was doing and could be sort of ultimately productive. So there's no really one thing that I can say that I learned. But I hope I gave you kind of a couple of examples there of what I would say would be a list of a thousand things, if I wrote them all down. So maybe you could tell us a little bit about what your responsibilities are. I mean, head of R&D of a large biotech company, it sounds very impressive. But maybe there, you could give us an insight of what your real responsibilities are.

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Richard Scheller Developing Products that Save Lives No.1 |리처드 쉘러|||||| |Scheller|||||| Richard Scheller|Richard Scheller|||||| |シェラー|||||| Richard Scheller Entwicklung von Produkten, die Leben retten Nr.1 Richard Scheller Desarrollando productos que salvan vidas nº 1 Richard Scheller Développer des produits qui sauvent des vies No.1 Richard Scheller Sviluppare prodotti che salvano vite umane n. 1 リチャード・シェラー 命を救う製品を開発する No.1 생명을 구하는 제품을 개발하는 리차드 셸러 1위 Richardas Schelleris Produktų, gelbstinčių gyvybes, kūrimas Nr. 1 Richard Scheller Desenvolver produtos que salvam vidas N.º 1 Ричард Шеллер Разработка продуктов, спасающих жизни № 1 Richard Scheller Hayat Kurtaran Ürünler Geliştirmek No.1 Річард Шеллер Розробка продуктів, що рятують життя №1 理查德·谢勒 (Richard Scheller) 开发拯救生命的产品第一名 理查德-谢勒开发拯救生命的产品 No.1

It is my very special privilege to welcome our guest today. |||||특권||||| Bu|||||ayrıcalık||||misafirimiz|bugün |||||特権||||| 本日のゲストをお迎えできるのは、私の特別な特権です。 Richard Scheller is the head of R&D at Genentech. |||||||||제넨텍 |Scheller||||||||Genentech |Scheller||||||||Genentech Richard|Scheller||||||||Genentech'te |||||||||ジェネンテック But I have known him for a very long time although he doesn't actually remember it. ||||||||||Ancak||||| ||||||||||けれども||||| He started at Stanford as a faculty member in 1982 and in the Neuroscience Department and then Biology, and that was the year that I was a first year PhD student over there. ||||||öğretim üyesi||||||Sinirbilim Bölümü|Bölüm|||Biyoloji Bölümü||||||||||||doktora öğrencisi||| |||스탠퍼드에서|||교수진으로 시작했다||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||教員||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||استاد||||||||||||||||||||||||| 彼は1982年にスタンフォード大学の神経科学部、そして生物学部に教員として着任した。 So, I took classes from him. Поэтому я брал у него уроки. And it's absolutely amazing to see the trajectory of his career. |||||||경력 궤적||| ||kesinlikle|ve kariyerinin gidişatını görmek gerçekten harika|||ve|kariyer yolu|||kariyerinin gidişatı |||||||軌跡||| |||||||مسیر||| He spent 19 years at Stanford and then went to Genentech. |||||||||Genentech'e gitti. He's been there ten years and he's got some incredible insights about the difference between research and academia and in the industry and we're going to dive right in. |||||||||||||||||학계||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||plonger|| |||||||||inanılmaz|öngörüler|||||||akademik dünya||||sektörde||||||| |||||||||||||||||アカデミア||||||||||| ||||||||||spostrzeżenia|||||||||||||||||| 彼は10年間そこにいて、研究と学界と業界の違いについて素晴らしい洞察力を持っている。 Он проработал там десять лет, и у него есть потрясающие знания о разнице между исследованиями в академических кругах и в индустрии, и мы собираемся погрузиться в эту тему. So, welcome. Thank you very much for joining us. Thank you. Pleasure to be here. And maybe you could tell us a little bit about your story and about moving from academia, about what would motivate you. ||||dire||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||hakkında|||akademik dünya||||| そして、あなたの話や学界からの転身について、何があなたを突き動かしたのかについて、少し話してくれるかな。 Tell us a little bit about how that happened. その経緯を少し教えてください。 OK. I'm going to stand up if that's OK. |||se lever|se lever||| Voy a levantarme si te parece bien. Je vais me lever si cela vous va. もしよければ、私は立ち上がるつもりだ。 Я встану, если можно. Thanks for having me. Merci de m'avoir reçu. Спасибо, что пригласили меня. I was a professor here for 19 years. ||||burada|| J'ai été professeur ici pendant 19 ans. I was a successful, member of the National Academy. ||||||||Akademi ||||||||アカデミー I was a Hughes investigator so I had plenty of money. |||휴즈|휴즈 연구원|||||| |||Hughes|||||beaucoup|| |||Hughes araştırmacısı|Hughes araştırmacısıydım||||bol miktarda|| |||ヒューズ|調査員|||||| ||||badacz Hughesa|||||| Yo era investigador de Hughes, así que tenía mucho dinero. 私はヒューズの研究者だったので、お金はたくさんありました。 Я работал следователем Хьюза, поэтому у меня было много денег. Things were going well. 物事は順調でした。 But the research that I was doing had gone through a phase where the knowledge had just exploded over the last decade and the rate of learning started to sort of plateau a little bit. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||정체되다||| |||||||||par|||||connaissance|||||||décennie||||||||||se stabiliser|||un peu |||||||||||aşama||||||patlama yaşadı||||son on yıl|||hız|||||||durağanlaşmak||| |||||||||||||||||爆発していた||||||||||||||高止まり||| Mais la recherche que je faisais avait traversé une phase où la connaissance venait d'exploser au cours de la dernière décennie et le taux d'apprentissage avait commencé à se stabiliser un peu. しかし、私が行っていた研究は、過去10年間で知識が爆発的に増加した段階を経ており、学習の速度が少し平坦になり始めました。 Но исследования, которыми я занимался, прошли через этап, когда знания просто взорвались за последнее десятилетие, а темпы обучения начали понемногу снижаться. So I just took stock in where I was headed with the rest of my career and thought that I had to do one of a couple of things. ||||حسابی از وضعیت|از||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||allais||||||||||||||||||| ||||durum değerlendirmesi|hakkında||||gideceğim yer||||||||||||||||||| |||考えた||||||||||||キャリア|||||||||||いくつかの|| Así que hice balance de hacia dónde me dirigía con el resto de mi carrera y pensé que tenía que hacer una de un par de cosas. Donc, j'ai simplement fait le point sur la direction que prenait le reste de ma carrière et j'ai pensé que je devais faire l'une de ces choses. そこで、私は自分のキャリアの残りの部分でどこに向かっているのかを考え、いくつかの選択肢の中から何かをしなければならないと思いました。 Поэтому я просто оценил, куда мне двигаться дальше в своей карьере, и решил, что должен сделать одно из двух. Bu yüzden kariyerimin geri kalanında nereye doğru gittiğimi değerlendirdim ve birkaç şeyden birini yapmam gerektiğini düşündüm. Find some new technology to increase that rate of learning again or switch my field to a little bit something different where I felt was sort of prime for that tremendous gain of knowledge again or maybe just do something different. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||مناسب|||عظیم|||||||||| |||yeni teknoloji|||||||||alan değiştirmek|||||||||||||||en uygun|||muazzam|kazanım||||||||| |||||||速度||||||||||||||||||||最適||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||엄청난|증가||||||||| Trouver une nouvelle technologie pour augmenter à nouveau ce taux d'apprentissage ou changer de domaine pour quelque chose d'un peu différent où je pensais qu'il y avait encore un énorme potentiel d'acquisition de connaissances, ou peut-être simplement faire quelque chose de différent. 新しい技術を見つけて学習の速度を再び増加させるか、別の分野に切り替えて、その驚異的な知識の獲得に対して最適な状態にあると感じた何かに取り組むか、あるいはただ違うことをするかもしれません。 Найти какую-то новую технологию, чтобы снова увеличить скорость обучения, или сменить сферу деятельности на что-то другое, где, как мне казалось, можно было бы получить колоссальный прирост знаний, или просто заняться чем-то другим. Bu öğrenme hızını tekrar arttırmak için yeni bir teknoloji bulmak ya da alanımı biraz farklı bir şeye çevirmek, bu muazzam bilgi kazanımına tekrar başlamak ya da belki sadece farklı bir şey yapmak.

So my wife, who's on faculty here, and I thought, "Should we move to Boston?" ||||||ici||||devrions|||| |||||öğretim üyesi||||||||| |||||教員|ここ|||||||| そこで、ここの教員である妻と私は、"ボストンに引っ越すべきか?"と考えた。 Burada öğretim görevlisi olan eşimle birlikte "Boston'a mı taşınsak?" diye düşündük. I get to go to Boston and have a bunch of nice colleagues there and then have labs there. |||||||||tas|||collègues|||||des labos| ||||||||||||meslektaşlar|||||laboratuvar çalışmaları| ボストンに行けば素敵な同僚がたくさんいるし、そこで研究室も持てる。 Я могу поехать в Бостон и иметь там кучу приятных коллег, а затем проводить там лабораторные исследования. But it really wouldn't be very different than here, given that we didn't have any problems here. |||||||||考慮すると||||||| でも、ここでは何の問題もなかったことを考えれば、ここと大差はないだろう。 We loved it here. So I thought if I was going to do something different and move somewhere, since being a professor here is terrific, that I should really move somewhere where it would be quite different. ||||||||||||||||||||훌륭한|||||||||||| |||||||||||||quelque part|||||||formidable|||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||harika|||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||素晴らしい|||||||||||| だから、もし違うことをしてどこかに移るのなら、ここで教授をするのは素晴らしいことだから、まったく違う場所に移るべきだと思ったんだ。 So I thought then what would that be? Alors j'ai pensé, qu'est-ce que cela pourrait être ? じゃあ、それは何だろうと考えた。 It seemed to me then that we have done and when I say "we" in this case, I mean, the life science endeavor, not my lab. |||||||||||||||||||"bu"||yaşam bilimi|çaba||| ||||||||||||disons||||||||||entreprise||| |보였다|||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||事業|||ラボ ||||||||||||||||||||||przedsięwzięcie naukowe||| Il me semblait alors que nous avions fait et quand je dis "nous" dans ce cas, je veux dire l'effort en sciences de la vie, pas mon laboratoire. この場合、"私たち "というのは、私の研究室のことではなく、生命科学の努力という意味だ。 Мне тогда казалось, что мы закончили, и когда я говорю «мы» в данном случае, я имею в виду деятельность в области наук о жизни, а не мою лабораторию. So everything funded by NIH for years and years. ||||국립 보건원|||| ||financé||NIH|||| ||finanse edilen||Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüsü|||| ||資金提供された||NIH|||| Donc tout ce qui est financé par les NIH depuis des années et des années. だから、NIHから何年も何年も資金援助を受けている。 Так что все финансируется NIH в течение многих лет. That sort of done what we've promised the society that we would do, which is learn enough about the way cells work and the way tissues work and enough about molecular biology. |||||||||||||||||||||||||조직|||||분자 생물학| ||||||promis||||||||||||||les cellules|||||les tissus|||||moléculaire| ||||||||||||||||||||hücreler|||||dokuların işleyişi|||||moleküler biyoloji hakkında|moleküler biyoloji ||||||||社会|||||||||||||||||組織|||||分子| つまり、細胞の働きや組織の働き、分子生物学について十分に学ぶということだ。 Мы сделали то, что обещали обществу, а именно: узнали достаточно о том, как работают клетки, как работают ткани, и достаточно о молекулярной биологии. 這完成了我們向社會承諾的事情,即充分了解細胞的工作方式和組織的工作方式,以及足夠的分子生物學知識。 So that we can actually think about disease in very, very mechanistic terms which is the way I like to think. |||||||||||기계론적||||||||| |||||||maladie||||mécaniste||||||||| ||||||hakkında düşünmek|hastalık||||mekanistik terimlerle||||||||| |||||||||||機械的|観点|||||||| そうすることで、私たちは病気について、私が好きな考え方である、とてもとても機械論的な観点から考えることができるようになる。 Так что мы действительно можем думать о болезни в очень, очень механистических терминах, как мне нравится думать. 這樣我們實際上就可以用非常非常機械的術語來思考疾病,這就是我喜歡的思考方式。 And wouldn't it be interesting to try and apply my biological insights to disease? ||||||||||biologiques|||maladie ||||||||uygulamak||biyolojik bilgilerimi|biyolojik bilgileri||hastalıklar ||||||||適用する||||| それに、私の生物学的洞察を病気に応用してみるのも面白いだろう? 嘗試將我的生物學見解應用於疾病不是很有趣嗎? So I was fortunate enough then to have somebody. |||heureux||||| |Bu yüzden|şanslıydım|şanslı|yeterince şanslı|||| だから、私は幸運にもその時、誰かに恵まれた。 所以我當時很幸運有一個人。 David Botstein was in the Genetics Department at the time, had work with Genentech. |보트스타인||||유전학과|||||||| |Botstein|||||||||||| |Botstein|||||||||||| |Botstein||||Genetik Bölümü|Bölümü|||||||Genentech ile çalışmıştı |ボトスタイン||||||||||||ジェネンテック デービッド・ボトスタインは当時、遺伝学部門に所属し、ジェネンテックと仕事をしていた。 He kind of heard I was looking around at different things. |genre||||||||| |||||||||różne| Il a à peu près entendu que je cherchais à droite à gauche. 私がいろいろなものを見て回っているのを聞いていたようだ。 Он как бы слышал, что я смотрю на разные вещи. 他好像聽到我在四處張望不同的東西。 He introduced me to the CEO of Genentech at the time, Art Levinson. ||||||||||||Levinson ||||||||||||Art Levinson |tanıştırdı||||||Genentech'in CEO'su|||||Art Levinson ||||||||||||레빈슨 ||||||||||||レビンソン |||||Prezes firmy||||||| Il m'a présenté au PDG de Genentech à l'époque, Art Levinson. 彼は私に、当時ジェネンテックのCEOであったアート・レビンソンを紹介してくれた。 Art was a scientist, started off in a lab at Genentech, became the CEO. ||||a commencé||||||||| |||bilim insanı|başladı||||||Genentech'te||| Art était un scientist, il a commencé dans un laboratoire chez Genentech et est devenu le PDG. アートは科学者で、ジェネンテックの研究室からスタートし、CEOになった。 Арт был ученым, начинал в лаборатории компании Genentech, стал генеральным директором. And I thought, "Wow, you know, if I'm going to actually have a boss," which was kind of a novel concept to a faculty member, "if I'm going to have a boss, it should be someone who's a scientist who can actually understand logic and things like that." ||düşündüm ki|||||||||||||||||yeni, alışılmadık|yeni bir kavram|||öğretim üyesi|||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||新しい||||教員||||行く|||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||nowatorski pomysł|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 上司を持つなら、論理やそういうものを理解できる科学者であるべきだ」。 Someone that I could talk to. 私が話すことができる人。 So it seemed like a terrific challenge, a terrific opportunity and that it would be really, really different from what I was doing day to day at Stanford. ||||||||عالی||||||||||||||||||| ||semblait||||||formidable||||||||||||||||||| |||||müthiş|meydan okuma||harika|fırsat||||||||||ne||||günlük hayatım|||| ||||||wyzwanie||||||||||||||||||||| スタンフォード大学で日々やっていることとは本当に、本当に違う。

So, I remember over the Christmas holiday ten years ago thinking, "Should I do this? |||||Noel tatili||||||||| だから、10年前のクリスマス休暇に、こう考えたのを覚えている。 Should I do this?" こうすべきでしょうか? Walking into the lab and thinking, "So nice here. ||||||||tutaj ラボに入り、「ここはとてもいいところだ。 My God, I have tenure. ||||정년 보장 ||||titularisation Tanrım||||kadrolu profesörlük ||||終身在職 なんと、私には終身在職権がある。 Should I do this? そうするべきか? What if they fire me?" クビになったらどうするんだ? Что, если меня уволят?» I could get fired if I go. |||işten atılmak||| 行ったらクビになるかもしれない。 Меня могут уволить, если я пойду. These are all kind of novel notions to think about but it just seem like a terrific opportunity and I took the plunge and I have to say for me, personally, it was the right thing to do. ||||||||||||||||||||||뛰어들다||||||||||||||| ||||||notions||||||||||||||||plongée||||||||||||bonne||faire| Bunlar|||||yeni, alışılmadık|kavramlar||||||||||harika|||benim için|||kendimi attım|||||||benim için|şahsen||||||| これらは|||||新しい|概念||||||||||||||||思い切って飛||||||||||||||| Son ideas un tanto novedosas, pero me pareció una oportunidad estupenda, me lancé y tengo que decir que para mí, personalmente, fue lo correcto. My learning curve picked up again immediately learning all about kinds of new science, about cancer biology. ||학습 곡선|||||||||||||| ||courbe||||immédiatement|||||||||cancer|biologie Benim||öğrenme süreci|yeniden hızlandı|||hemen|||||||||kanser biyolojisi|kanser biyolojisi ||カーブ|||||||||||||| Сразу же после этого я начал изучать все новые виды науки, биологию рака. 我的學習曲線立即再次上升,學習了所有關於癌症生物學的新科學。 I didn't really know that. I knew about cell biology but I didn't know specifically about cancer or immunology. |||||||||||||면역학 |||la cellule|biologie|||||||||immunologie ||||hücre biyolojisi|||||özellikle||kanser hakkında||immünoloji |||||||||||||免疫学 我了解細胞生物學,但具體了解癌症或免疫學。 I knew absolutely nothing about business. ||kesinlikle||| I was on the executive committee of the company. ||||هیئت اجرایی|کمیته||| |||||comité||| ||||yönetim kurulu|yönetim kurulu||| ||||役員|委員会||| I had to find out what EPS stood for. ||||||EPS의 의미|| ||||||EPS(1)|signifiait| ||||||earnings per share|| ||||||EPS'nin anlamını|| ||||||EPS(1)|| Tenía que averiguar qué representaba el EPS. Really, the executive committee meetings were just learning all about business, all about drug development. ||||réunions||||||||||développement ||yönetim kurulu|komite|||||||||||ilaç geliştirme How do you develop a drug? Nasıl||||| I never thought of that before. So it was just absolutely fascinating. |||||çok büyüleyiciydi Так что это было просто завораживающе. I have to say I give the company a lot of credit because, basically, I think it has paid off for them. |||||||||||اعتبار|||||||||| |||||||||||||temelde|||||||| |||||||||||評価|||||||||| Tengo que decir que le doy mucho crédito a la empresa porque, básicamente, creo que les ha merecido la pena. Я должен сказать, что отдаю должное компании, потому что, по сути, я думаю, что она окупилась для них. But it took me two years before I had any idea what I was even doing in business. I mean, I knew about science but it really was a steep learning curve but not something that happens overnight. |||||||||||شیب‌دار|||||||| ||||||||||une|raide||||||||du jour au lendemain |||||||o gerçekten||||zorlu||öğrenme süreci||||||bir gecede |||||||||||急な|||||||| Я имею в виду, что я знал о науке, но это действительно была крутая кривая обучения, а не то, что происходит за одну ночь. So for me, personally, I would say I took the leap because I wanted to do something different and I felt it was the right time to become basically a human experimental biologist, which is what we do all in the context of disease, of course. ||||||||||پرش||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||saut||||||||||||||||||||||biologiste|||||||||un||||cours ||||||söyleyebilirim||atladım||atılımı yaptım||||||||||||||||||temelde|||deneysel biyolog|insan deneysel biyoloğu||||||her şey|||bağlamında||hastalık bağlamında|| ||||||||||飛び込んだ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Так что лично я бы сказал, что сделал скачок, потому что хотел сделать что-то другое, и я чувствовал, что сейчас самое подходящее время, чтобы стать в основном биологом-экспериментатором, что мы все делаем в контексте болезней, конечно .

So I want to build on something you just said. ||||üzerine inşa etmek||||| Yup. 응. ouais Evet. Ага. Because you said you were curious about what it felt like have a boss. |||||curieux|||||||| |||||meraklı|||||||| Yup. But you also now have 2,000 people working for you. How did you learn how to be a boss with that many people? I mean that's going to be a huge challenge to manage a team that size. ||||||||zorluk||yönetmek|||| Well, that was part of the two years of learning and that was probably the biggest part. One of the huge differences is, I found that in business, you actually get feedback on how you're doing. |||||||||||||می‌گیری||||| ||||||||||||||des retours||||vous vous en sortez ||||farklılıklardan biri|||||||||||||nasıl yaptığını| I'm sorry, unlike here, at least when I was a professor. ||aksine|||||||| Yeah, you might see a chairman in the hall every year or so. |||||président||||||| |||||başkan||||her yıl||| |||||会長||||||| Да, вы можете видеть председателя в зале каждый год или около того. But you basically did your own thing and then, nobody really provided you as much feedback. |||||||||||sağladı|||| So one of the things that I did there was... Someone said to me, "You should meet the head of HR." ||||||||||||||||||||RH ||||||||||||||||||||İK müdürü ||||||||||||||||||||人事部 だから、そこで私がしたことの一つは... 誰かが私に言った、「人事部の責任者に会うべきだ」と。 Итак, одна из вещей, которые я там сделал, была... Кто-то сказал мне: «Тебе следует встретиться с главой отдела кадров». And I said, "What does that stand for?" ||||||意味する|意味する それで私は言った、「それは何の略ですか?」 И я сказал: "Что это означает?" Honestly, I have no idea what that stood for. |||||||anlamına geldi| 正直なところ、それが何の略なのか全くわからなかった。 He said, "Human Resources." |||İnsan Kaynakları 彼は言った、「人事部です。」 I said, "Oh, Human Resources." ||||İnsan Kaynakları That kind of sounded to me like they must hire the people. |||sounded||||||embaucher|| |||gibi geldi||||||işe almak|| それは私には、彼らが人々を雇わなければならないように聞こえました。 So then someone explained to me what HR is and they do all sorts of things and so on, so I learned. |||||||||||||de choses|||||||| |||||||||||||いろいろ|||||||| それで、誰かが私にHRが何であるか、彼らがどのようなことをするのかを説明してくれて、私は学びました。 Потом кто-то объяснил мне, что такое HR, и что они делают разные вещи и так далее, так что я научился. But one of the things that the Executive Committee of Genentech at the time decided to do is to collect 360-feedback from our peers and folks that work for us and sort of tell us how we're doing. |||||||||||||||||||||||collègues||les gens|||||||||||| |||||||Yönetim Kurulu|Yönetim Kurulu||Genentech Yürütme Komitesi|||||||||toplamak||||akranlar||çalışanlar|||||||||||| ||||||||||ジェンテク|||||||||||||同僚||人々|||||||||||| しかし、その当時のGenentechの執行委員会が決定したことの一つは、私たちの同僚や私たちのために働く人々から360度フィードバックを集めて、私たちがどのようにやっているのかを教えてもらうことでした。 So this was a really novel experience for me. ||||정말로|||| |||||nouvelle||| |bu||||yeni bir|deneyim|| |||||新しい||| Así que fue una experiencia realmente novedosa para mí. これは私にとって本当に新しい経験でした。 My first 360-feedback, let me see if I can remember. 初めての360度フィードバックです。思い出せるか見てみましょう。 They said I was aloof, arrogant and dismissive. ||||냉담한|||무시하는 ||||distant|arrogant||démarche ||||distant and detached||| ||||soğuk|kibirli||küçümseyici ||||よそよそしい|傲慢な||軽蔑的な 彼らは私が冷淡で傲慢で軽視していると言いました。 And I said, "Of course, I am. そして私は言った、「もちろん、私はそうだ。」 How do you think I survived as a scientist?" |||||ai survécu||| |||||hayatta kaldım|||bilim insanı 「科学者としてどうやって生き残ったと思う?」 It was a competitive arena. ||||경쟁의 장 ||||arène |||Rekabetçi|rekabetçi ortam |||競争の|競技場 「それは競争が激しい場所だった。」 But they said, "Well, you know BS. ||||||헛소리 ||||||bêtises ||||||saçmalık でも彼らは言いました、「まあ、あなたはわかっているだろうけど。 Но они сказали: «Ну, ты знаешь БС. It's probably not going to work here. ここではおそらくうまくいかないだろう。」 Здесь, наверное, не получится. So what we'd like you to do is then to go discuss your 360 feedback with your reports and one level down, your directors." |||||||||||||||||||hierarchical position||| ||istemekteyiz||sizin||||sonrasında|||görüşmek|||||||||||yöneticilerinizle では、私たちがあなたにお願いしたいのは、360度フィードバックをあなたの部下と一段下のディレクターたちと話し合うことです。 Итак, что мы хотели бы, чтобы вы сделали, так это обсудили ваши отзывы 360 с вашими отчетами и на уровень ниже, с вашими директорами». So I said, "Wow. それで私は言いました。「うわっ。」 OK, we'll go do that." わかりました、それをやりに行きましょう。 So I went into the room with these people and as a fact, I knew that, yes, most of these people said that I was those things. ||||||||||bir gerçek olarak|||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||事実|||||||||||||| そこで私はこれらの人々と一緒に部屋に入りました。そして実際、私は、はい、これらの人々のほとんどが私のことをそう言ったと知っていました。 I didn't know anyone specifically who said it. ||||özellikle||| 具体的にそれを言った人を知りませんでした。 Of course, it was anonymous. ||||물론 익명이었죠. ||||anonyme ||||Tabii ki anonim. もちろん、それは匿名でした。 But I said, "Well, gee, people say I'm aloof, dismissive and arrogant and I can't understand this. ||||저런|||||||||||| ||||eh bien|les gens||||désinvolte||||||| ||||"hayret"|||benim|soğuk|küçümseyici||kibirli||||| ||||おや|||||||||||| しかし私は言った、「ああ、まあ、人々は私が冷淡で、軽視していて、傲慢だと言うので、これが理解できません。」 I mean, my parents said that. 私の両親がそう言いました。 My wife says that, my colleges at Stanford say that. |||||collègues|||| |||||meslektaşlarım|||| 私の妻がそう言いますし、スタンフォードの同僚たちもそう言います。 You say that. I cannot figure out how you're all wrong in the same way." |||||||tous||||manière Ben||||||||||| どうしてみんなが同じように間違っているのかが分かりません。" Я не могу понять, почему вы все ошибаетесь одинаково». So I basically found that you need to be a much better listener. ||temelde|||||||||| 要するに、もっと良いリスナーになる必要があることが分かりました。 You need to really, really respect folks and their opinions. ||||||les gens||| |||||Gerçekten saygı duymalısın.|insanlar|||görüşleri 人々とその意見を本当に、心から尊重する必要があります。 But it is very, it is different in industry compared to being here. ||||||différent||l'industrie|par rapport||| ||||||||sanayi sektörü|kıyasla||| しかし、ここにいるのと比べると、業界では非常に違います。 I think part of the reason that people found me quite brash was the fact that here, when I said something, nobody actually did what I said. |||||||||||거침없는||||||||||||||| |||||raison||||||franche||||||||||||||| |||||||insanlar||||küstah||||||||||||||| |||||||||||生意気な||||||||||||||| 私がかなり大胆だと人々が感じた理由の一部は、ここでは私が何かを言っても実際には誰も私が言ったことをやらなかったという事実だと思います。 Hopefully, they at least marginally considered it, but then they would go, "No, really?" ||||약간이라도||||||||| ||||marginalement||||||||| ||||az da olsa||||||||| ||||わずかに||||||||| 少なくとも彼らはそれをわずかに考慮したかもしれませんが、次には、「本当に?」と言ってしまうのです。 I mean, post docs, students and then they go do really what they wanted to do, which was fine. |||박사 후 연구원||||||||||||||| |||doc||||||||||||||| ||doktora sonrası|doktora sonrası araştırmacılar||||||||||||||| |||博士研究員||||||||||||||| つまり、ポスドクや学生たちがいて、そして彼らは本当にやりたかったことをやりに行く、それはまあ良かった。 So I took that attitude to Genentech and actually found very quickly that-well, I didn't really want the atmosphere of the company to be that way-but it is just different and it is somewhat more hierarchical and that people actually do what you say. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||계층적인|||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||hiérarchique|||||||| |ben|||tutum||Genentech'e|||||||||||||şirket ortamı|||şirket atmosferi|||||||||||||biraz daha||hiyerarşik|||||||| ||||態度|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||階層的|||||||| それで、私はその態度をジェネンテックに持って行き、実際にすぐにわかったのは、まあ、私は会社の雰囲気がそうであってほしくはなかったが、それはただ違っていて、少しヒエラルキーがあり、実際に人々があなたの言うことをやるということだ。 Так что я принял такое же отношение к Genentech и на самом деле очень быстро обнаружил, что — ну, я действительно не хотел, чтобы атмосфера в компании была такой — но она просто другая, она несколько более иерархична, и люди на самом деле делают то, что вам нужно. сказать. So you have to be really careful with what you say because folks are going to take it incredibly seriously. ||||||||||||insanlar||||||son derece|ciddiye alacaklar だから、あなたが言うことには本当に注意しなければなりません。なぜなら、人々はそれを非常に真剣に受け取るからです。 Так что вы должны быть очень осторожны с тем, что вы говорите, потому что люди воспримут это невероятно серьезно. So it's just a million little things like that you learn over time about how it's different in the industry versus academia. ||||||||cela||||||||||||| ||||||şeyler|||||||||||||sektör|ile karşılaştırıldığında|akademik dünya だから、産業と学界ではどのように違うのかについて、時間をかけて学ぶ小さなことがたくさんあります。 But the reason I say that it took me two years before I felt as though I was coming to a place where I really knew what I was doing and could be sort of ultimately productive. ||||||||||||||gibi|gibi||||||||||||||||yapabiliyordum||bir türde||nihayetinde|verimli |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||最終的に| しかし、私がそう言う理由は、私は本当に自分がしていることを理解し、最終的に生産的になれる場所に来たと感じるまでに2年かかったからです。 So there's no really one thing that I can say that I learned. だから、私が学んだことを一つだけ言うことは本当にできません。 But I hope I gave you kind of a couple of examples there of what I would say would be a list of a thousand things, if I wrote them all down. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||écrivais|||les notais しかし、私がすべてを書き出したら千のことのリストになるだろうといういくつかの例をお見せできたらと思います。 So maybe you could tell us a little bit about what your responsibilities are. ||||||||||||responsabilités| ||||||||||||sorumluluklarınız| だから、あなたの責任について少し教えていただけますか。 I mean, head of R&D of a large biotech company, it sounds very impressive. |||||||||바이오테크 회사||||| |||||||||biotech||||| |||||||||biyoteknoloji şirketi|||||etkileyici |||||||||バイオテクノロジー||||| つまり、大手バイオテクノロジー企業の研究開発部門の責任者というのは、とても印象的ですね。 But maybe there, you could give us an insight of what your real responsibilities are. ||||||||fikir|||||| しかし、そこではあなたの実際の責任についての洞察をいただけるといいですね。