Comece a aprender esta lição agora

BBC - 6 Minute English (YouTube), Learn how to talk about the World Wide Web in 6 minutes - YouTube

Learn how to talk about the World Wide Web in 6 minutes - YouTube

Rob: Hello welcome to 6 Minute

English. I'm Rob.

Neil: And I' m Neil.

Rob: Now Neil, can you remember the first time

you ever used the World Wide Web

or as we often call it, the internet,

and what you used it for?

Neil: Oh that's a good question. I do

remember. And nothing really changes

does it? Because I looked up pictures of

cats!

Rob: Cats! Very useful, anyway do you

think the internet has generally been

positive or negative for the world?

Neil: Wow, that's a big question. A huge

question. I don't know if I can answer that.

Rob: Well one person who perhaps can

answer it, is the man who invented it -

British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee.

We'll find out what he thinks has

become of his ‘child' shortly but before

that, a question for you all.

When did Berners-Lee first suggest the

idea for what would become the World

Wide Web? Was it?

a) 1985, b) 1989, c) 1991.

Neil: Tricky but I think it's earlier than

people think so I'm going to go for 1985.

Rob: Well that was a long time ago but

we'll reveal the answer a little later in the programme.

I think it's true to say that

the internet has been one of, if not the most

important technological developments

perhaps of all time. Would you agree Neil?

Neil: Well it's hard to imagine living

without it. Not impossible, but not nearly as

convenient.

Rob: These days we take the internet for granted.

We share our lives on social

media and not just with friends and

family. And that isn't always a positive

thing according to the father of the

internet, Tim Berners-Lee. In a recent

BBC Tech Tent programme he talked

about his concerns with the internet and

particularly the companies that control its

information. Companies which he calls

‘internet giants'. What does he say he

thought these companies had to do?

Tim Berners-Lee: Initially I felt the main

thing an internet giant had to do was just

to be neutral, just be a platform and

humanity, once connected by

technology, will do wonderful things. And

clearly it doesn't work like that. If you

connect humanity via Wikipedia then they

do produce, in general, wonderful things.

If you connect people by social network

where they have anonymity, then it can

bring out the very nastiest of people.

Rob: So what did he say he thought these

internet giants had to do?

Neil: He said that he thought initially, that

they just had to be neutral. Initially means

‘at first', ‘in the beginning' and it also

suggests that later he changed his mind.

Anyway, he said that he thought they just

had to be neutral. Neutral here means

that they didn't need to do anything, they

didn't need to control the internet or

information. He thought it would be a tool

to connect people and ideas and information

and it would be wonderful.

Rob: But it's not all good, is it?

Neil: No. He does say that giving people

access to sources of information is

generally a good thing but that when it

comes to social networks,

social media, people have anonymity.

Rob: Anonymity?

Neil: Yes. It means that on the internet

people can hide their true identity or

personality. Some people write things that

they would never say to someone in person

because they think there will be no consequences. Berners-Lee

says anonymity can bring out the nastiest side of people.

People saying horrible and

terrible things to each other.

Rob: Berners-Lee does have some

suggestions for how this could be

changed. And

it's based on the idea of likes and shares,

which he calls kudos. What's his suggestion?

Tim Berners-Lee: The different social

networks and different platforms are

in different situations and in some cases

they have acknowledged there

is an issue. I think they realise that the

issue could perhaps be hugely ameliorated by

tweaking the way the thing works by

changing the way retweets are

propagated or changing the way

people get kudos - give them more kudos

for being constructive for example.

Rob: So how does he think companies

could address the problem?

Neil: Well, he says that some of the social

networks have agreed that there is a

problem and they know what could

improve it.

Rob: He didn't use the word improve

though, did he?

Neil: No he actually used the rather formal verb ameliorate,

which means 'to improve

or make something better'.

Rob: So how does he suggest the

problem could be ameliorated?

Neil: By tweaking the way in which people

give or receive kudos. Tweaking means

'making a small change to the way

something works'. Much of what

happens on the internet is driven by

our desire to get likes and shares – this

is the kudos that Berners-Lee talks about.

He feels that tweaking this could lead to

a better experience. For example, getting

more kudos for constructive or positive actions.

Rob: Mmm, interesting – but I wonder

who would decide if something is

constructive?

Neil: Well that's another big question for

another day, I guess.

Rob: For now though, let's have the

answer to our small question. In what

year did Berners-Lee present the idea for

what would become the World Wide Web?

The options were a) 1985,

b)1989 or c) 1991. It was in fact 1989.

Now before we go let's have a quick recap

of today's vocabulary.

Neil: Initially – means ‘at first - in the

beginning'. Then we had neutral.

Rob: In this case it meant ‘not controlling'

or ‘not taking any action to control'.

Neil: Then there was the noun anonymity

which is the state of having a hidden

identity or personality.

Rob: Next, to ameliorate a situation is to

make it better.

Neil: To tweak something is to make a

small change to the way something

works.

Rob: And then we had kudos. Kudos is

praise and appreciation for something

you've done.

Neil: Well kudos to you Rob for today's

programme. Thank you very much.

Rob: Well, thank you Neil and thank you

everyone for listening. That's all we have

time for today

but you can, find us on Facebook,

Twitter, Instagram and YouTube and of course

our website bbclearningenglish.com! Bye for now.

Neil: Thanks for joining us and goodbye.

Learn how to talk about the World Wide Web in 6 minutes - YouTube ||||||||Sieć WWW||| Lernen Sie in 6 Minuten, wie man über das World Wide Web spricht - YouTube Apprendre à parler du World Wide Web en 6 minutes - YouTube Scopri come parlare del World Wide Web in 6 minuti - YouTube 6分で学ぶワールド・ワイド・ウェブの話し方 - YouTube 6분 만에 월드와이드웹에 대해 이야기하는 방법 알아보기 - YouTube Dowiedz się, jak rozmawiać o sieci WWW w 6 minut - YouTube Aprenda a falar sobre a World Wide Web em 6 minutos - YouTube Узнайте, как рассказать о Всемирной паутине за 6 минут - YouTube World Wide Web hakkında 6 dakikada nasıl konuşulacağını öğrenin - YouTube 了解如何在 6 分钟内谈论万维网 - YouTube 了解如何在 6 分鐘內談論萬維網 - YouTube

Rob: Hello welcome to 6 Minute ||||Хвилинка Rob: Ciao benvenuto a 6 Minute

English. I'm Rob. Inglese. Sono Rob.

Neil: And I' m Neil.

Rob: Now Neil, can you remember the first time Rob: Jetzt Neil, kannst du dich an das erste erinnern?

you ever used the World Wide Web ||||||Sieć WWW

or as we often call it, the internet,

and what you used it for? і|||||

Neil: Oh that's a good question. I do Neil: To dobre pytanie.|Och|||||| Neil: Och, to dobre pytanie. Ja...

remember. And nothing really changes pamiętaj. I naprawdę nic się nie zmienia

does it? Because I looked up pictures of prawda? Ponieważ przeglądałem zdjęcia

cats! kotów!

Rob: Cats! Very useful, anyway do you Rob: Koty! Bardzo pomocne, w każdym razie masz takie

think the internet has generally been zdanie czy internet w ogólności miał

positive or negative for the world? позитивний||||| pozytywny czy negatywny wpływ na świat?

Neil: Wow, that's a big question. A huge

question. I don't know if I can answer that.

Rob: Well one person who perhaps can

answer it, is the man who invented it - ||||||created| ||||||wynalazł to|

British computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee.

We'll find out what he thinks has

become of his ‘child' shortly but before |||offspring|soon after|| |||filho|em breve|| |||dziecko|wkrótce||

that, a question for you all.

When did Berners-Lee first suggest the

idea for what would become the World

Wide Web? Was it?

a) 1985, b) 1989, c) 1991.

Neil: Tricky but I think it's earlier than |difícil|||||| ニール：トリッキーですが、それよりも早い時期だと思います。

people think so I'm going to go for 1985. の人はそう思うので、1985年を目指します。

Rob: Well that was a long time ago but ロブ：そうですね......だいぶ前の話ですが。

we'll reveal the answer a little later in the programme. その答えは、もう少し後に明らかになります。

I think it's true to say that のプログラムです。というのは本当だと思います。

the internet has been one of, if not the most インターネットは、最も重要なものの1つであり、そうでない場合もあります。

perhaps of all time. Would you agree Neil? おそらく歴代でもトップクラスでしょう。ニールもそう思う？

Neil: Well it's hard to imagine living 尼尔：嗯，很难想象生活

without it. Not impossible, but not nearly as ||||||quase| ||||||prawie wcale| |||неможливо|||майже| bez něj. Není to nemožné, ale ani zdaleka ne tak を、それなしで。不可能ではないが、ほぼ不可能

convenient. зручний wygodny. vhodné. を便利にする。

Rob: These days we take the internet for granted. ||||||||como certo |Te|||||||za pewnik Teraz traktujemy internet jako rzecz oczywistą.

We share our lives on social

media and not just with friends and

family. And that isn't always a positive

thing according to the father of the

internet, Tim Berners-Lee. In a recent

BBC Tech Tent programme he talked v pořadu BBC Tech Tent hovořil

about his concerns with the internet and ||турботи|||| ||obawy dotyczące|||| o jeho obavách ohledně internetu a

particularly the companies that control its zejména společnosti, které ji ovládají.

information. Companies which he calls informace. Společnosti, které nazývá

‘internet giants'. What does he say he |large companies||||| |gigantes da internet||||| |giganci internetowi||||| "internetoví giganti". Co říká, že

thought these companies had to do? si tyto společnosti myslely, že musí dělat? 想过这些公司该做些什么吗？

Tim Berners-Lee: Initially I felt the main

thing an internet giant had to do was just 互联网巨头所要做的就是

to be neutral, just be a platform and ||neutralny||||| 保持中立，只是一个平台，

humanity, once connected by humanity||| людство||| ludzkość, kiedyś połączona przez|||

technology, will do wonderful things. And technologie, bude dělat úžasné věci. A

clearly it doesn't work like that. If you wyraźnie||||||| takhle to zjevně nefunguje. Pokud jste

connect humanity via Wikipedia then they ||through||| propojit lidstvo prostřednictvím Wikipedie, pak

do produce, in general, wonderful things. |пroduкувати|||| obecně produkují úžasné věci.

If you connect people by social network

where they have anonymity, then it can |||lack of identification||| |||анонімність||| |||anonimowość||| |||anonimato||| kde mají anonymitu, pak to může

bring out the very nastiest of people. ||||worst traits|| виводити|вивести|||найгірших|| wydobywać||||najgorsze cechy ludzi|| ||||os piores|| probudit ty nejodpornější lidi.

Rob: So what did he say he thought these Rob: Tak co říkal, že si myslí, že tyhle...

internet giants had to do? |giants||| internetoví giganti museli udělat?

Neil: He said that he thought initially, that ||||||at first| Neil: Říkal, že si původně myslel, že...

they just had to be neutral. Initially means ||||||At first| prostě museli být neutrální. Zpočátku to znamená

‘at first', ‘in the beginning' and it also "na začátku", "na začátku" a to také

suggests that later he changed his mind. naznačuje, že si to později rozmyslel.

Anyway, he said that he thought they just Každopádně řekl, že si myslí, že prostě

had to be neutral. Neutral here means

that they didn't need to do anything, they že nemusí nic dělat, že se jim

didn't need to control the internet or nepotřeboval ovládat internet nebo

information. He thought it would be a tool informace. Myslel si, že to bude nástroj

to connect people and ideas and information propojit lidi, myšlenky a informace

and it would be wonderful.

Rob: But it's not all good, is it? Rob: Ale není to všechno dobré, že?

Neil: No. He does say that giving people Neil: Ne. Říká, že dávat lidem

access to sources of information is přístup ke zdrojům informací je

generally a good thing but that when it obecně dobrá věc, ale že když to

comes to social networks, přichází na sociální sítě,

social media, people have anonymity. ||Menschen|| ||||lack of identity ||||anonimowość

Rob: Anonymity?

Neil: Yes. It means that on the internet

people can hide their true identity or

personality. Some people write things that

they would never say to someone in person

because they think there なぜなら will be no consequences. Berners-Lee |||results|| |||konsekwencji nie będzie|| 結果も何もないバーナーズ＝リー

says anonymity can bring out the nastiest side of people. ||||||najgorsze cechy||| |||виявляти|||||| říká, že anonymita může v lidech probudit ty nejodpornější stránky. dice che l'anonimato può portare fuori il lato più meschino delle persone. 认为匿名可能会暴露出人们最卑鄙的一面。

People saying horrible and Le persone dicono cose orribili e

terrible things to each other. okropne rzeczy sobie|||| terribili l'una all'altra.

Rob: Berners-Lee does have some

suggestions for how this could be пропозиції||||| 关于如何做到这一点的建议

changed. And

it's based on the idea of likes and shares, ||||||||udostępnienia je založena na myšlence lajků a sdílení,

which he calls kudos. What's his suggestion? |||praise||| |||похвала|||пропозиція |||uznanie||| |||elogios||| které nazývá kudos. Jaký je jeho návrh?

Tim Berners-Lee: The different social Tim Berners-Lee: Různé sociální

networks and different platforms are |||plataformas|

in different situations and in some cases

they have acknowledged there ||визнали там| ||uznali to tam| přiznali, že tam 他们已经承认了

is an issue. I think they realise that the ||problem||myślę, że||zdają sobie sprawę|| je problém. Myslím, že si uvědomují, že to problem. Myślę, że zdają sobie sprawę, że

issue could perhaps be hugely ameliorated by ||||greatly|greatly improved by| ||||дуже сильно|покращений| ||||znacznie|znacznie złagodzone| |||||melhorada significativamente| il problema potrebbe forse essere notevolmente migliorato da によって、この問題は大きく改善されるかもしれません。 problem mógłby być znacznie poprawiony przez

tweaking the way the thing works by Adjusting|||||| налаштування|||||| dostosowanie działania przez|||||| ajustando|||||| upravit způsob, jakým věc funguje, tím, že modificare leggermente il modo in cui la cosa funziona da dostrojenie sposobu działania tego

changing the way retweets are |||Share again| |||ретвіти| |||zmiana retweetów| |||retweets| změna způsobu retweetů cambiare il modo in cui vengono fatti i retweet zmieniając sposób przekazywania dalej (retweetowania)

propagated or changing the way propagated|||| propagada|||| поширюється|||| rozpowszechniany lub zmieniający|||| šíření nebo změny způsobu rozsiewane lub zmieniające sposób

people get kudos - give them more kudos ||praise|provide||| ||||||elogios ||uznanie||||uznanie lidé dostávají pochvaly - dejte jim další pochvaly ludzie dostają pochwały - daj im więcej pochwał 人们得到赞誉——给予他们更多的赞誉

for being constructive for example. ||helpful|| ||конструктивний|| ||konstruktywny|| například za konstruktivní přístup. za bycie konstruktywnymi na przykład.

Rob: So how does he think companies Rob: Tak jak si myslí, že společnosti Rob: To jak myśli, że firmy Rob：那么他如何看待公司

could address the problem? |tackle|| |rozwiązać problem|| by mohl tento problém řešit? czy można by rozwiązać ten problem? 可以解决这个问题吗？

Neil: Well, he says that some of the social Neil: No, říká, že některé ze sociálních Neil: Cóż, mówi, że niektóre z sieci społecznościowych zgadzają się, że istnieje 尼尔：嗯，他说一些社会

networks have agreed that there is a uwaga 网络已经同意

problem and they know what could 问题，他们知道什么可以

improve it.

Rob: He didn't use the word improve

though, did he? choć, prawda?||

Neil: No he actually used the rather formal verb ameliorate, |||||||formal||improve |||||||||polepszyć |||||||||amelhorar |||||||||покращити Neil: Ne, ve skutečnosti použil spíše formální sloveso ameliorate, Neil: No, in realtà ha usato il verbo piuttosto formale ameliorate, 尼尔：不，他实际上用的是比较正式的动词“ameliorate”。

which means 'to improve che significa 'migliorare',

or make something better'. o rendere qualcosa di meglio.

Rob: So how does he suggest the

problem could be ameliorated? Problem|||

Neil: By tweaking the way in which people ||ajustando||||| ||dostosowując||||| Neil: Změnou způsobu, jakým lidé Neil: Modificando il modo in cui le persone Neil：通过调整人们

give or receive kudos. Tweaking means ||||adjusting| ||||налаштування| dawać|||brawa|| udělovat nebo přijímat pochvaly. Tweaking znamená danno o ricevono complimenti. Modificare significa

'making a small change to the way "malá změna způsobu 'apportare una piccola modifica al modo

something works'. Much of what něco funguje". Mnohé z toho, co 有些东西是有效的。

happens on the internet is driven by |||||napędzane przez| se na internetu děje na základě 互联网上发生的事情是由

our desire to get likes and shares – this naše touha získat lajky a sdílení - to

is the kudos that Berners-Lee talks about.

He feels that tweaking this could lead to |||adjusting|||| |||ajustando||||

a better experience. For example, getting lepší zážitek. Například získání

more kudos for constructive or positive actions. |похвала||||| více pochval za konstruktivní nebo pozitivní činy. 对建设性或积极的行动给予更多的赞扬。

Rob: Mmm, interesting – but I wonder Rob: Mmm, zajímavé - ale zajímalo by mě.

who would decide if something is

constructive?

Neil: Well that's another big question for

another day, I guess.

Rob: For now though, let's have the |||however||| |||porém||| Rob：现在，让我们

answer to our small question. In what

year did Berners-Lee present the idea for

what would become the World Wide Web?

The options were a) 1985,

b)1989 or c) 1991. It was in fact 1989.

Now before we go let's have a quick recap

of today's vocabulary.

Neil: Initially – means ‘at first - in the

beginning'. Then we had neutral. začátek". Pak jsme měli neutrální.

Rob: In this case it meant ‘not controlling' Rob: V tomto případě to znamenalo "nekontrolovat".

or ‘not taking any action to control'. nebo "nepodnikání žádných kontrolních kroků". 或‘不采取任何行动进行控制’。

Neil: Then there was the noun anonymity

which is the state of having a hidden |||||||oculta

identity or personality.

Rob: Next, to ameliorate a situation is to Rob: Další možností, jak zlepšit situaci, je.

make it better.

Neil: To tweak something is to make a ||small adjustment||||| ||ajuste pequeno||||| ||dostosować coś||||| Neil: Něco upravit znamená provést změnu

small change to the way something malá změna způsobu, jakým se něco

works. pracuje.

Rob: And then we had kudos. Kudos is ||||||Anerkennung| |||||uznanie, pochwały||

praise and appreciation for something praise||recognition|| elogio|||| похвала|||| pochwała||uznanie||coś wspaniałego lodare e apprezzare qualcosa

you've done. che hai fatto.

Neil: Well kudos to you Rob for today's ||brawo||||| Neil: Beh, elogi a te Rob per oggi

programme. Thank you very much.

Rob: Well, thank you Neil and thank you Thank you||||||| Rob: Cóż, dziękuję|||||||

everyone for listening. That's all we have everyone||||||

time for today час||

but you can, find us on Facebook, however||||||

Twitter, Instagram and YouTube and of course

our website bbclearningenglish.com! Bye for now.

Neil: Thanks for joining us and goodbye.