5. Chi o cosa erano i cavalieri? 5. Wer oder was waren die Ritter? 5. Who or what were the knights? 5. Kim lub czym byli rycerze? 5. Quem ou o que eram os cavaleiros? 5. Кем или чем были рыцари? 5. Vem eller vad var riddarna?

Tutti i cavalieri erano uomini, ma solo pochi uomini erano cavalieri. All knights were men, but only a few men were knights. Wszyscy rycerze byli mężczyznami, ale tylko kilku mężczyzn było rycerzami. Bisognava essere di “nascita nobile” e prima allenarsi come paggio e come squire (proprietari di terre). |||birth|noble|||||page|||squire||| You had to be of "noble birth" and first train as a page and as a squire (landowners). Trzeba było być „szlachetnie urodzonym” i najpierw szkolić się na paźa i dziedzica (właścicieli ziemskich).

Un cavaliere giurava di essere fedele al suo re e alla nazione e alla sua Chiesa. |knight|he swore|||faithful|||||||||| A knight swore to be loyal to his king and the nation and his church. Rycerz poprzysiągł lojalność swemu królowi, narodowi i kościołowi. A un cavaliere ci si indirizzava con la parola “Sir”, signore, prima del suo nome. |to a||||would address||||||||| A knight was addressed with the word "Sir", sir, before his name. Per essere facilmente riconosciuto aveva uno stemma sul suo scudo. ||easily|recognized|||a coat of arms|||shield To be easily recognized he had a coat of arms on his shield. In battaglia e nei tornei, i cavalieri indossavano armature. |||||||wore|armors In battle and in tournaments, knights wore armor. La prima armatura fu fatta di spesso cuoio e anelli di metallo. |||||||leather||rings|| The first armor was made of thick leather and metal rings. Più tardi, fu realizzata con pezzi di metallo molto resistenti fissati insieme da giunture. |||realized||||||resistant||||joints Later, it was made with very strong pieces of metal fastened together by joints. Później wykonano go z bardzo mocnych kawałków metalu spiętych łącznikami.

Cosa era uno stemma? What was a coat of arms? Un disegno fatto di figure speciali e simboli. |drawing|||||| A design made up of special figures and symbols. Ogni famiglia ricca ne aveva uno e si indossava sui vestiti, le armature, sugli scudi così che la gente potesse riconoscerli in battaglia. ||rich||||||she wore|||||on|shields||||||recognize them|| Every rich family had one and it was worn on clothing, armor, shields so that people could recognize them in battle. Każda bogata rodzina miała jeden i był noszony na odzieży, zbroi, tarczach, aby ludzie mogli je rozpoznać w bitwie. Quando la gente indossava gli elmetti era difficile dire chi fossero. |||||helmets||||| When people wore helmets it was hard to tell who they were. Kiedy ludzie nosili hełmy, trudno było powiedzieć, kim są.

Col passare del tempo, l'armatura arrugginiva a contatto con l'acqua, se non la si curava abbastanza. |||time|the armor|it rusted||||||not|||she took care of|enough Over time, the armor rusted in contact with water if not cared for enough. Z biegiem czasu pancerz rdzewieje w kontakcie z wodą, jeśli nie jest odpowiednio pielęgnowany. Era il compito dello squire del Cavaliere e dei paggi assicurarsi che non si rovinasse; ogni cosa doveva essere oliata e lucidata. ||task||||||||ensure||||it got ruined|||||oiled||polished It was the duty of the squire of the Knight and of the pages to ensure that it was not ruined; everything had to be oiled and polished. Obowiązkiem dziedzica Rycerza i stronic było dopilnowanie, aby nie został zrujnowany; wszystko trzeba było naoliwić i wypolerować.