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English Learning for Curious Minds, Episode 272: Apollo 13 [2]

Episode 272: Apollo 13 [2]

how to assemble a cupboard, but the difference being that here you don't have

the right parts, you are calling on a very bad telephone line from 300,000

kilometres away in Space and it is literally a matter of life and death.

Thankfully it worked and the CO2 levels started to drop as

soon as they installed the completed improvised canister.

With most of the module's systems switched off,

temperatures had plummeted to just 3 degrees celsius.

The crew were uncomfortable, cold and cramped, but they were alive and

headed home, or at least they were now headed in the direction of Earth.

But actually getting to Earth, getting home safely, would be no mean feat.

At 133 hours into the spaceflight, Houston asked the crew to fully power up

the Lunar Module in preparation for bringing the Command Module back online.

The team wanted to make sure that they had enough time

to work through rebooting, restarting, the system.

An Apollo Command Module had never been shut down and restarted in Space before.

Plus the power was limited and the team on the ground would

need to figure out the best way for the quickest restart.

Thankfully the crew were able to implement the new procedures and

restart the Command Module's systems without too much difficulty.

Not only did this raise the cabin temperature making it more hospitable for

the crew, but it also meant that the guidance computer was back up and running.

As Apollo neared the Earth two more minor adjustments were needed to correct its course.

Around 200 hours into the mission the crew jettisoned, they cast off, the Service Module.

They could have done this earlier in theory, but the Service Module covered the Command

Module's heat shield and NASA was uncertain of the consequences of leaving it exposed in Space.

And remember, it was in this part of the spacecraft, in

the Service Module, that the oxygen tank had exploded.

As the crew jettisoned the Service Module, they got their first chance to look at the damage.

They discovered that an entire panel of the module's exterior had been blown off.

If it hadn't been sufficiently clear before, the crew had been, and still were, in

extreme danger and surviving even this far they had already beaten all of the odds.

Approaching re-entry, as the crew moved back to the Command Module, the last

major problem that needed a quick solution was how to get rid of the Lunar Module.

On normal missions, the Lunar Module would be jettisoned over the Moon

when the Command and Service Module was in lunar orbit and the astronauts

had safely returned to the Command Module spacecraft after their Moonwalk.

But this was no “normal” mission, and the crew had been using this

Lunar Module as a temporary storage, it was their lifeboat home.

Once the ground teams had figured out how to best release the Lunar Module,

the crew jettisoned it to land deep in a trench in the Pacific Ocean.

Re-entry had begun and the crew hurtled down through the Earth's

atmosphere for the final nail-biting moments of their mission.

As Apollo 13 entered the final minutes of its spaceflight, millions

of people around the World were following it live on TV and radio.

The entire United States was gripped by the astronauts' ordeal, with

men, women and children hoping and praying that they would survive the

re-entry process after having made it so far in such impossible conditions.

As with all re-entry procedures, contact was lost with the crew as they began their descent.

Unknown to the crew, Apollo 13's trajectory, its direction, had been slightly

adjusted by the Lunar Module's cooling system on the way back from the Moon.

This meant that when Apollo 13 re-entered the Earth's atmosphere, its angle of descent caused it

to spend more time than expected at higher atmospheric levels where slowing down takes longer.

Instead of the usual four minutes of radio blackout,

there was no contact with the crew for six whole minutes.

This was an extremely tense moment on the ground - some people

even thought that the Command Module's heat shield had failed.

The crew eventually splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, near

American Samoa, where they were recovered by American military ships.

All three crew members were alive and well, although Haise was suffering

from a urinary tract infection, probably due to the lack of water.

After a night on the recovery ship, they then flew to Hawaii where they were awarded the

Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honour, by President Richard Nixon.

Little known to the Apollo 13 crew, the entire country, and really much of the

world, had been following their progress and praying for their safe return.

In America alone, over 40 million people watched the Apollo 13 splashdown on TV.

The crew and their perilous journey made headlines around the world.

Lovell went on to call the Apollo 13 mission a “successful failure”.

While there were evident failures, the crew were saved by the

unprecedented cooperation between the ground team and the astronauts.

Not to mention the crew's nerves of steel and professional training

that allowed them to continuously focus and work even under the extreme

pressure of being in a protracted, an extended, life-or-death situation.

The Apollo 13 rescue mission highlighted the risks of manned space travel

and combined with decreasing public interest in the space programme and

huge budget cuts, the Apollo Program was cut short, ending with Apollo 17 in

December 1972, when Eugene Cernan became the last human to walk on the Moon.

The story of Apollo 13 might be a lesson to us all about the dangers of putting

humans in space, but it is also one of hope and inspiration, of perseverance, of

resourcefulness, of teamwork, of the importance of staying calm under pressure,

and it's no surprise that it is often referred to as NASA's “finest hour”.

OK then, that is it for today's episode on Apollo 13.

I hope it's been an interesting one, and you've learned a bit about what actually happened

during the ill-fated space flight and the story behind the crew's miraculous survival.

As always, I would love to know what you thought about this episode.

Do you think we will see humans on the Moon again in your lifetime?

What about colonising Mars, is this just a dream, or will you live to see humans on Mars?

And if you could take a trip to space, if money was no object, would you do it?

I would love to know, so let's get this discussion started.

You can head right into our community forum, which is at

community.leonardoenglish.com and get chatting away to other curious minds.

You've been listening to English Learning for Curious Minds, by Leonardo English.

I'm Alastair Budge, you stay safe, and I'll catch you in the next episode.

To hear audio for this text, and to learn the vocabulary sign up for a free LingQ account.

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Episode 272: Apollo 13 [2] Folge 272: Apollo 13 [2] Episodio 272: Apolo 13 [2] Épisode 272 : Apollo 13 [2] Episodio 272: Apollo 13 [2] 第272話アポロ13号アポロ13号 [2］ 에피소드 272: 아폴로 13호 [2] Odcinek 272: Apollo 13 [2] Episódio 272: Apollo 13 [2] Эпизод 272: Аполлон 13 [2] Bölüm 272: Apollo 13 [2] Епізод 272: Аполлон 13 [2]. 第272集：阿波罗13号[2]

how to assemble a cupboard, but the difference being that here you don't have ||montar||armário||||||||| ||złożyć||szafka do złożenia||||||||| wie man einen Schrank zusammenbaut, aber mit dem Unterschied, dass man hier keine

the right parts, you are calling on a very bad telephone line from 300,000 die richtigen Teile, Sie rufen über eine sehr schlechte Telefonleitung von 300.000

kilometres away in Space and it is literally a matter of life and death. |||||to||||||||

Thankfully it worked and the CO2 levels started to drop as Na szczęście||||||||||

soon as they installed the completed improvised canister. |||||||container or device |||||||cilindro improvisado как только установили готовую импровизированную канистру.

With most of the module's systems switched off, Die meisten Systeme des Moduls sind dabei ausgeschaltet,

temperatures had plummeted to just 3 degrees celsius. ||plummeted||||

The crew were uncomfortable, cold and cramped, but they were alive and ||||||ściśnięci|||||

headed home, or at least they were now headed in the direction of Earth.

But actually getting to Earth, getting home safely, would be no mean feat. ||||||||||||significant achievement ||||||||||||grande feito ||||||||||||wyczyn Aber tatsächlich zur Erde zu gelangen und sicher nach Hause zu kommen, wäre keine leichte Aufgabe. Pero en realidad llegar a la Tierra, regresar a casa de forma segura, no sería tarea fácil. Но на самом деле добраться до Земли, благополучно вернуться домой было бы немалым подвигом. Але насправді дістатися до Землі, повернутися додому в цілості й схоронності було б неабияким подвигом.

At 133 hours into the spaceflight, Houston asked the crew to fully power up ||||viagem espacial|||||||| Nach 133 Stunden Flugzeit forderte Houston die Besatzung auf, die volle Leistung zu erbringen. A las 133 horas del vuelo espacial, Houston pidió a la tripulación que encendiera completamente

the Lunar Module in preparation for bringing the Command Module back online. der Mondlandefähre als Vorbereitung für die Wiederinbetriebnahme der Kommandokapsel. el Módulo Lunar en preparación para volver a poner en funcionamiento el Módulo de Comando.

The team wanted to make sure that they had enough time ||desired||||||||

to work through rebooting, restarting, the system. para trabajar en reiniciar, reiniciar, el sistema.

An Apollo Command Module had never been shut down and restarted in Space before. Nunca antes se había apagado y reiniciado un Módulo de Comando Apollo en el espacio.

Plus the power was limited and the team on the ground would Además, la energía era limitada y el equipo en tierra

need to figure out the best way for the quickest restart. müssen den besten Weg für einen schnellen Neustart finden.

Thankfully the crew were able to implement the new procedures and Na szczęście|||||||||| На щастя, екіпаж зміг впровадити нові процедури і

restart the Command Module's systems without too much difficulty.

Not only did this raise the cabin temperature making it more hospitable for Это не только повысило температуру в салоне, сделав его более гостеприимным для пассажиров.

the crew, but it also meant that the guidance computer was back up and running. экипаж, но это также означало, что компьютер наведения снова заработал.

As Apollo neared the Earth two more minor adjustments were needed to correct its course. ||||||||ajustes|||||| Когда Аполлон приблизился к Земле, потребовались еще две незначительные корректировки, чтобы скорректировать его курс. Коли Аполлон наближався до Землі, знадобилося ще два незначних коригування, щоб виправити його курс.

Around 200 hours into the mission the crew jettisoned, they cast off, the Service Module. |||||||discarded|||||| |||||||odrzucili|||||| Etwa 200 Stunden nach Beginn der Mission warf die Besatzung das Servicemodul ab, sie warf es ab. Примерно через 200 часов после начала миссии экипаж выбросил за борт служебный модуль.

They could have done this earlier in theory, but the Service Module covered the Command Theoretisch hätten sie dies schon früher tun können, aber das Servicemodul deckte das Kommando

Module's heat shield and NASA was uncertain of the consequences of leaving it exposed in Space. |||||||||potential outcomes|||||| Die NASA war sich nicht sicher, welche Folgen es haben würde, wenn das Hitzeschild des Moduls im Weltraum exponiert bliebe.

And remember, it was in this part of the spacecraft, in Und denken Sie daran, es war in diesem Teil des Raumschiffs, in

the Service Module, that the oxygen tank had exploded. das Servicemodul, dass der Sauerstofftank explodiert war.

As the crew jettisoned the Service Module, they got their first chance to look at the damage.

They discovered that an entire panel of the module's exterior had been blown off. ||||||||||||blasted away| |||||||||zewnętrzna część|||| Sie entdeckten, dass ein ganzes Paneel von der Außenseite des Moduls weggesprengt worden war. Вони виявили, що ціла панель ззовні модуля була зірвана.

If it hadn't been sufficiently clear before, the crew had been, and still were, in ||||wystarczająco|||||||||| Falls es noch nicht deutlich genug war: Die Besatzung war und ist immer noch in Если раньше это не было достаточно ясно, то экипаж был, и все еще был, в

extreme danger and surviving even this far they had already beaten all of the odds. ||||||||||||||przeciwności losu Sie waren in äußerster Gefahr und hatten bereits alle Hindernisse überwunden, um so weit zu kommen. крайняя опасность и выживание даже так далеко, что они уже превзошли все шансы. Незважаючи на надзвичайну небезпеку, вижити навіть так далеко - це вже було перемогою над усіма труднощами.

Approaching re-entry, as the crew moved back to the Command Module, the last

major problem that needed a quick solution was how to get rid of the Lunar Module. Das Hauptproblem, für das eine schnelle Lösung gefunden werden musste, war die Frage, wie man die Mondlandefähre loswerden könnte.

On normal missions, the Lunar Module would be jettisoned over the Moon ||||||||desprendido||| ||||||||wyrzucony||| Bei normalen Missionen würde die Mondlandefähre über dem Mond abgeworfen werden.

when the Command and Service Module was in lunar orbit and the astronauts als sich die Kommando- und Servicemodule in der Mondumlaufbahn befanden und die Astronauten

had safely returned to the Command Module spacecraft after their Moonwalk. ||||||||||lunar surface excursion ||||||||||spacer po Księżycu nach ihrem Mondspaziergang sicher in die Kommandokapsel zurückgekehrt waren.

But this was no “normal” mission, and the crew had been using this

Lunar Module as a temporary storage, it was their lifeboat home.

Once the ground teams had figured out how to best release the Lunar Module, Nachdem die Bodenteams herausgefunden hatten, wie die Mondlandefähre am besten freigesetzt werden konnte,

the crew jettisoned it to land deep in a trench in the Pacific Ocean. ||threw away|||||||trench|||| |||||||||rów oceaniczny|||| Die Besatzung warf es ab und landete tief in einem Graben im Pazifik. екіпаж скинув його, щоб приземлитися глибоко в траншеї в Тихому океані.

Re-entry had begun and the crew hurtled down through the Earth's |||||||rushed rapidly|||| |||||||lançou-se rapidamente|||| La reentrada había comenzado y la tripulación se precipitaba a través de la atmósfera de la Tierra

atmosphere for the final nail-biting moments of their mission. ||||finałowych momentów pełnych napięcia|trzymający w napięciu|||| en los últimos momentos llenos de tensión de su misión.

As Apollo 13 entered the final minutes of its spaceflight, millions A medida que el Apolo 13 entraba en los minutos finales de su vuelo espacial, millones

of people around the World were following it live on TV and radio.

The entire United States was gripped by the astronauts' ordeal, with |||||gripped||||ordeal| |||||apreendida pela|por meio de|||prova difícil| |||||ogarnęły||||męka| Випробування астронавтів охопили всі Сполучені Штати, з

men, women and children hoping and praying that they would survive the ||||||modląc się|||||

re-entry process after having made it so far in such impossible conditions. ||||after achieving|||||||| ||||po|||||||| proces ponownego wejścia po dotarciu tak daleko w tak niemożliwych warunkach.

As with all re-entry procedures, contact was lost with the crew as they began their descent. ||||||||||||||||zejście Jak w przypadku wszystkich procedur ponownego wejścia, utracono kontakt z załogą, gdy rozpoczęli zniżanie. Como em todos os procedimentos de reentrada, o contato foi perdido com a tripulação quando eles começaram a descer. 与所有重返大气层程序一样，机组人员在开始下降时就失去了联系。

Unknown to the crew, Apollo 13's trajectory, its direction, had been slightly Ohne dass die Besatzung es wusste, war die Flugbahn von Apollo 13, also die Richtung, leicht verändert worden. Nieznane załodze było to, że trajektoria Apollo 13, jej kierunek, została nieznacznie zmieniona Desconhecido para a tripulação, a trajetória da Apollo 13, sua direção, tinha sido ligeiramente Неизвестно для экипажа, траектория "Аполлона-13", его направление, было слегка

adjusted by the Lunar Module's cooling system on the way back from the Moon. ajustado pelo sistema de resfriamento do Módulo Lunar no caminho de volta da Lua. отрегулирована системой охлаждения лунного модуля на обратном пути с Луны.

This meant that when Apollo 13 re-entered the Earth's atmosphere, its angle of descent caused it |||||||||||||kąt zejścia|| Це означало, що коли Аполлон-13 знову увійшов в атмосферу Землі, кут його падіння спричинив

to spend more time than expected at higher atmospheric levels where slowing down takes longer. in order to|||||||||||||| mehr Zeit als erwartet in höheren Luftschichten zu verbringen, wo die Verlangsamung länger dauert.

Instead of the usual four minutes of radio blackout, ||||||||zanik sygnału radiowego

there was no contact with the crew for six whole minutes.

This was an extremely tense moment on the ground - some people

even thought that the Command Module's heat shield had failed. |||||||||falhou

The crew eventually splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, near ||Ostatecznie|||||||

American Samoa, where they were recovered by American military ships.

All three crew members were alive and well, although Haise was suffering todos||||||||||| Alle drei Besatzungsmitglieder waren am Leben und wohlauf, obwohl Haise an einer

from a urinary tract infection, probably due to the lack of water. caused by||urine-related||||||||| an einer Harnwegsinfektion, wahrscheinlich aufgrund des Wassermangels.

After a night on the recovery ship, they then flew to Hawaii where they were awarded the |||||||||||||||premiação| |||||||||polecieli||Hawaje, gdzie otrzymali|||||

Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honour, by President Richard Nixon. |||||||||||Richarda Nixona Presidential Medal of Freedom, die höchste zivile Auszeichnung, durch Präsident Richard Nixon.

Little known to the Apollo 13 crew, the entire country, and really much of the Die Apollo-13-Besatzung, das ganze Land und ein großer Teil der Weltöffentlichkeit wussten wenig Малоизвестный экипажу «Аполлона-13», всей стране и большей части

world, had been following their progress and praying for their safe return. мира, следил за их продвижением и молился об их благополучном возвращении.

In America alone, over 40 million people watched the Apollo 13 splashdown on TV. |||||||||water landing||

The crew and their perilous journey made headlines around the world. ||||perigosa|||as manchetes||| ||||niebezpieczna|||nagłówki gazet|||

Lovell went on to call the Apollo 13 mission a “successful failure”. Lovell nannte die Apollo-13-Mission einen "erfolgreichen Fehlschlag".

While there were evident failures, the crew were saved by the ||||niepowodzenia||||||

unprecedented cooperation between the ground team and the astronauts. bezprecedensowa współpraca||||||||

Not to mention the crew's nerves of steel and professional training

that allowed them to continuously focus and work even under the extreme

pressure of being in a protracted, an extended, life-or-death situation. |||||przedłużający się||||||

The Apollo 13 rescue mission highlighted the risks of manned space travel

and combined with decreasing public interest in the space programme and и в сочетании со снижением общественного интереса к космической программе и

huge budget cuts, the Apollo Program was cut short, ending with Apollo 17 in Aufgrund massiver Haushaltskürzungen wurde das Apollo-Programm gekürzt und mit Apollo 17 in огромные сокращения бюджета, программа «Аполлон» была свернута, закончив «Аполлон-17» в

December 1972, when Eugene Cernan became the last human to walk on the Moon. ||Eugene Cernan|Cernan||||||||| Dezember 1972, als Eugene Cernan als letzter Mensch den Mond betrat.

The story of Apollo 13 might be a lesson to us all about the dangers of putting

humans in space, but it is also one of hope and inspiration, of perseverance, of |||||||||||||wytrwałość|

resourcefulness, of teamwork, of the importance of staying calm under pressure, zaradność||||||||||

and it's no surprise that it is often referred to as NASA's “finest hour”. ||||||||referida||||melhor momento| И неудивительно, что его часто называют "звездным часом" НАСА.