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The Awakening of Europe, 05. The Story of Martin Luther

05. The Story of Martin Luther

"The whole world and its history was waiting for this man. " —CARLYLE. Erasmus was sixteen years old when Martin Luther was born,—Martin Luther, the great German Reformer, whose name was soon to be known throughout the whole continent of Europe. This is the story of his life. He was born in the year 1483. His father was a humble miner, his mother was noted for her goodness and virtue. When quite a little child, his parents wished to make a "scholar " of him—so he was early taught to read and write, and at six years old he was sent to school. Both at home and at school his training was very severe; his father whipped him for mere trifles, and one day poor little Martin was beaten fifteen times! He was bright and clever, but he had a strong will of his own, and a love of fun and mischief. When he was fourteen his parents could not afford to keep him any longer, so they sent him forth into the world with his bag on his back, to seek for learning from the charity of strangers. With a boy friend he set forth to walk to Magdeburg, where there was a school for poor boys kept by the Franciscan monks. In order to get food on the way, the boys had to beg or to sing. They were thankful enough for a morsel of bread or a night's shelter. Indeed, life became such a hard struggle, that Martin told himself he would never be a scholar, and it would be better to return home and win an honest livelihood with his spade. But at this moment the tide turned. By his sweet voice he attracted the notice of a good lady, who took pity on him and gave him a comfortable home. Here he worked hard, making great progress in Latin, till he was eighteen. By this time his father had made enough money to send him to a university, where he took his degree in 1505.

And now a strange thing happened, that altered his whole life. One day he was walking with a friend, when a tremendous thunderstorm came on. A sudden vivid flash of lightning struck the friend at his side, who fell down dead at his feet. The suddenness of the young man's death made a great impression on Martin Luther. Struck to the heart, he made up his mind that henceforth he would devote his life to God and God's service. In spite of his father's protests he became a monk. For the first two years his life was a very hard one: his food was very scanty, he had to perform the lowliest tasks, and to beg for alms and bread. Whatever spare time he had, he worked hard at his books, studying the epistles and gospels diligently. In the library of the university he found a complete Bible in Latin. It was the first time he had seen one. He devoured it eagerly. A new light came into his life, and in his close study of the Bible he strengthened himself for his future work. Before long he had risen to a position of importance in the monastery. He became a priest and went to live at Wittenberg—a town which he made famous by his name. In 1509 he began to lecture on the Scriptures. Bibles were not in the hands of all as they are to-day, and Martin Luther was able to tell his countrymen a great deal that they did not know, by reason of his deep learning. His lectures made a great impression.

"This monk," said the head of the university, "will bring in a new doctrine. " He also began now to preach in the churches. He was very earnest, and the people who listened to him were deeply moved at his words.

In 1511 he was sent on a mission to Rome, where Leo X. was Pope. Now, from early times there has been a Pope (Papa) or Father of Rome, who in the Middle Ages had come to be looked on as the Head of the Christian Church by many, if not all, of the countries of Europe. At first the Pope was a Bishop of Rome, as other Bishops were in other cities, but when Rome was no longer the sole imperial city, the power of the Bishops became greater and greater until, in the twelfth century, under Innocent III., the papal authority reached its height.

Now during the Middle Ages many abuses had crept into the Church. One of these was known as the "sale of indulgences. " All feel it right that sinners should suffer for their sins, but there is no Biblical foundation for the teaching that by money payments a sinner may be saved from the punishment of his sin. Yet, in those days, persons who paid money received an "indulgence," and agents went about the country selling them. One of these, named John Tetzel, came to Germany. He disgusted Martin Luther by his method of extorting money from ignorant people, and being a man of great courage, Luther felt it his duty to remonstrate. He stood up boldly in his pulpit and denounced the system openly.

It was a tremendous moment. It was indeed the visible beginning of the Reformation—that great movement which was to spread wider and wider until it should affect the whole Christian world.

Into the deeper causes of the Reformation we cannot enter here. The revival of Greek learning had caused men to study the Scriptures for themselves as Luther did, and this caused dissatisfaction with the mediaeval corruption of the Roman Church.

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05. The Story of Martin Luther The|Life|||Luther's narrative ||||Lutero 05. Die Geschichte von Martin Luther 05. Η ιστορία του Μαρτίνου Λούθηρου 05. La historia de Martín Lutero 05\. L'histoire de Martin Luther 05. La storia di Martin Lutero 05.マルティン・ルターの物語 05. 마틴 루터 이야기 05. Het verhaal van Maarten Luther 05. Historia Marcina Lutra 05. A História de Martinho Lutero 05. История Мартина Лютера 05. Martin Luther'in Hikayesi 05. Історія Мартіна Лютера 05. 马丁·路德的故事 05. 馬丁路德的故事

"The whole world and its history was waiting for this man. Le|||||||||| |o mundo||||||esperava|||homem "De hele wereld en zijn geschiedenis wachtten op deze man. "O mundo inteiro e sua história estavam esperando por esse homem. " —CARLYLE. Карлайл Carlyle CARLYLE CARLYLE 卡莱尔 卡莱尔 カーライル " —CARLYLE. Erasmus was sixteen years old when Martin Luther was born,—Martin Luther, the great German Reformer, whose name was soon to be known throughout the whole continent of Europe. اراسموس|||||||||||||||اصلاح‌طلب|||||||||||قاره|| Erasmus of Rotterdam||||||||||Luther|||||Reformer|||was|||||throughout||||| Erasmus||||||||||||||||||||||||||kıtasında|| |||||||||||||||||||||||по всій Європі||||| Эразм|||||||Лютер||||||||||||||||||||| Erasmus was zestien jaar oud toen Martin Luther werd geboren,—Martin Luther, de grote Duitse Hervormer, wiens naam al snel bekend zou zijn in het hele Europese continent. Erasmo tinha dezesseis anos quando Martinho Lutero nasceu - Martin Luther, o grande reformador alemão, cujo nome logo seria conhecido em todo o continente europeu. This is the story of his life. Dit is het verhaal van zijn leven. He was born in the year 1483. Hij werd geboren in het jaar 1483. His father was a humble miner, his mother was noted for her goodness and virtue. ||||скромный|шахтёр||||известна|||доброта||добродетелью |||||mineur||||||||| ||||humble|miner||||noted|||goodness||virtue ||||bescheiden||||||||||deugd |||||mineiro|||||||bondade|| ||||谦逊的|矿工||||著名|||善良||美德 ||||||||||||善良|| ||||bescheidener|Bergmann||||||||| ||||فروتن|معدن‌کار||||مشهور بود|||نیکی||فضیلت ||||skromný|horník|||||||||cnosti Zijn vader was een bescheiden mijnwerker, zijn moeder stond bekend om haar goedheid en deugd. Его отец был скромным шахтером, а мать отличалась добротой и добродетелью. 他的父亲是一位谦逊的矿工,母亲以她的善良和美德而闻名。 When quite a little child, his parents wished to make a "scholar " of him—so he was early taught to read and write, and at six years old he was sent to school. |||||||||||عالم|||||||آموختن|||||||||||||| |||||||||||scholar||||||||||||||||||||| |nog|||||||||||||||||onderwezen|||||||||||||| |||||||||||ученого||||||||||||||||||||| Toen hij nog een klein kind was, wilden zijn ouders van hem een 'geleerde' maken - dus werd hij op jonge leeftijd geleerd te lezen en schrijven, en op zesjarige leeftijd werd hij naar school gestuurd. 当他还是个小孩时,他的父母希望把他培养成一个“学者”——所以他很早就被教导阅读和写作,六岁时他入学了。 Both at home and at school his training was very severe; his father whipped him for mere trifles, and one day poor little Martin was beaten fifteen times! |||||||||||||бил||||пустяки||||||||бил|| ||à la maison|||||||||||||||bagatelles|||||||||| ||||||||||strict|||whipped||||insignificant matters|||||||||| |||||||||||||||||futiliteiten||||||||geslagen|| |||||||||||||bateu||||bagatelas|||||||||| |||||||||||||鞭打|||微不足道的|琐事||||||||打了|| |||||||||||||||||小事|||||||||| ||||||||||سخت|||تنبیه کرد|||فقط|چیزهای بی‌|||||||||| |||||||||||||||||дрібниці|||||||||| ||||||||||přísný||||||pouhé|maličkosti|||||||||| Zowel thuis als op school was zijn training erg streng; zijn vader sloeg hem om de geringste dingen, en op een dag werd de arme kleine Martin vijftien keer gestraft! Tanto em casa quanto na escola, seu treinamento foi muito severo; seu pai o chicoteava por meras ninharias, e um dia o pobre pequeno Martin foi espancado quinze vezes! 无论在家里还是在学校,他的训练都非常严格;他的父亲因一些小事就打他,有一天可怜的小马丁被打了十五次! He was bright and clever, but he had a strong will of his own, and a love of fun and mischief. ||||||||||||||||||||озорство ||intelligent|||mais|||||||||||||||espièglerie ||||||||||||||||||||mischief ||||||||||||||||||||stoute dingen ||inteligente||inteligente||||||||||||||||travessura ||||||||||||||||||||Unfug ||聪明||聪明|||||||||||他聪明机智|对乐趣的热爱||||恶作剧 ||розумний||||||||воля||||||||||пустощі ||||||||||||||||||||neplecha Era brillante e intelligente, ma aveva una forte volontà propria e un amore per il divertimento e la malizia. Hij was slim en intelligent, maar hij had een sterke eigen wil, en hield van plezier en kattenkwaad. Он был умен и сообразителен, но у него была собственная сильная воля, а также любовь к веселью и проказам. 他聪明又聪明,但他有坚强的意志,并且喜欢玩乐和恶作剧。 When he was fourteen his parents could not afford to keep him any longer, so they sent him forth into the world with his bag on his back, to seek for learning from the charity of strangers. |||четырнадцати|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||доброты|| ||||ses|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||charity|| ||||||||||||||||||vaarwel|||||||||||||||||| ||||||||manter|||||mais|||||||||||||||||||||caridade|| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||محبت|| ||||||||sich leisten|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||任何||||||||||||||||||||||||陌生人 A quattordici anni i suoi genitori non potevano più permettersi di tenerlo, così lo mandarono nel mondo con la sua sacca sulle spalle, per cercare di imparare dalla carità degli stranieri. 彼が14歳のとき、両親は彼をもう飼う余裕がなかったので、見知らぬ人の慈善団体から学ぶために、彼をバッグを背負って世界に送り出しました。 Toen hij veertien was, konden zijn ouders het zich niet langer veroorloven om hem te onderhouden, dus stuurden ze hem de wereld in met zijn tas op zijn rug, om kennis te zoeken van de vrijgevigheid van vreemden. Quando ele tinha quatorze anos, seus pais não podiam mais mantê-lo, então o enviaram ao mundo com sua mochila nas costas, para procurar aprender com a caridade de estranhos. 当他十四岁时,他的父母再也无法负担他的生活,因此他们让他背上行囊走入社会,向陌生人的慈善寻求学习。 With a boy friend he set forth to walk to Magdeburg, where there was a school for poor boys kept by the Franciscan monks. ||||||||||Магдебург||||||||||||францисканцы|монахи францисканцы |||||||||||||||||||||||les moines ||||||||||Magdeburg||||||||||||Franciscan|monks ||||||||||||||||||||||Franciscaanse| ||||||||||Magdeburgo||||||||||||franciscana| ||||||||||马格德堡||||||||||||方济各会| ||||||aufbrechen|||||||||||||geführt|||| |||||出发|||||马格德堡||||||||||||| ||||||вирушив||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||マクデブルク||||||||||||フランシスコ会| Con un amico ragazzo si mise in cammino verso Magdeburgo, dove c'era una scuola per ragazzi poveri tenuta dai frati francescani. Met een vriend ging hij op weg naar Magdeburg, waar een school voor arme jongens was, geleid door de Franciscaner monniken. 他与一个男友一起出发,步行前往马格德堡,那里有一所由方济会修士开设的贫穷男孩学校。 In order to get food on the way, the boys had to beg or to sing. ||||||||||||乞讨||| ||||||||les||||mendier||| ||||||||||||ask for help|||perform a song ||||||||||||pedir||| ||||||||||||просить||| Om onderweg eten te krijgen, moesten de jongens bedelen of zingen. 为了在路上获取食物,这些男孩不得不乞讨或唱歌。 They were thankful enough for a morsel of bread or a night’s shelter. ||благодарны||||кусочек||хлеба|||ночлега| ||||||morceau|||||| ||thankful||||small piece|||||| |||||||||||nacht's| ||gratos||||migalha||||||abrigo ||||||一小块|||||| ||||||Stück|||||| ||||||一小块|||||夜晚的|庇护所 ||||||шматочок|||||| ||||||kousek|||||| Ze waren dankbaar genoeg voor een stuk brood of een nacht onderdak. Indeed, life became such a hard struggle, that Martin told himself he would never be a scholar, and it would be better to return home and win an honest livelihood with his spade. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||лопата ||||||||||||||||||||||||||gagner|||moyen de subsistance|||bêche indeed||||||struggle|||||||||||||||||||||||living wage|||spade ||||||||||||veria||||||||||||||||||||pá ||||||||||||||||||||||||||赢得||||||铁锹 |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Lebensunterhalt|||Schaufel ||||||||||||||||دانشمند|||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||лопата ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||lopatou In effetti, la vita divenne una lotta così dura che Martin si disse che non sarebbe mai diventato uno studioso e che sarebbe stato meglio tornare a casa e guadagnarsi da vivere onestamente con la vanga. Inderdaad, het leven werd zo'n zware strijd, dat Martin zichzelf vertelde dat hij nooit een geleerde zou zijn, en het beter zou zijn om naar huis terug te keren en een eerlijk inkomen te verdienen met zijn spade. 事情确实如此,生活变得如此艰难,以至于马丁告诉自己他永远不会成为一个学者,回家用铁锹谋生会更好。 But at this moment the tide turned. Mais||||la|| |||||tide| |||||maré| |||||Gezeiten| |||Але в цей момент прилив змінився.||Але в цей момент ситуація змінилася.| |||||příliv| Maar op dit moment draaide het tij. 但就在这一刻,局势发生了转变。 By his sweet voice he attracted the notice of a good lady, who took pity on him and gave him a comfortable home. ||||||||||||||soucit|||||||| |||||привлек|||||||||жалость|||||||| |||||attracted|||||||||pity|||||||| |||||aandacht||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||piedade|||||||| Met zijn zoete stem trok hij de aandacht van een goede dame, die medelijden met hem had en hem een comfortabel thuis gaf. 凭借他甜美的嗓音,他吸引了一位好心女士的注意,她对他心生怜悯,并给了他一个舒适的家。 Here he worked hard, making great progress in Latin, till he was eighteen. ||||||||||||восемнадцать Hier werkte hij hard en maakte hij grote vooruitgang in het Latijn, tot hij achttien was. By this time his father had made enough money to send him to a university, where he took his degree in 1505. |||||||||||||||||||学位| |||||||||||||||||||Abschluss| |||||||||||||||||||degree| |||||||||||||||||||grau| A questo punto il padre aveva guadagnato abbastanza per mandarlo all'università, dove si laureò nel 1505. Tegen die tijd had zijn vader genoeg geld verdiend om hem naar de universiteit te sturen, waar hij in 1505 zijn diploma behaalde. 此时,他的父亲已经赚到了足够的钱,送他去一所大学,并于 1505 年获得了学位。

And now a strange thing happened, that altered his whole life. |||||||改变||| |||vreemd||||veranderde||| |||||||mudou||| |||||||змінило||| |||||||изменило||| En nu gebeurde er iets vreemd, dat zijn hele leven veranderde. One day he was walking with a friend, when a tremendous thunderstorm came on. |||||||||||гроза|| |||||||||||tempête d'orage|| |||||||||||thunderstorm|| |||||||||||onweersbui|| |||||||||||tempestade|| |||||||||||雷暴|| ||||||||||عظیم||| Op een dag liep hij met een vriend, toen er een enorme onweersbui opkwam. A sudden vivid flash of lightning struck the friend at his side, who fell down dead at his feet. ||яркая|вспышка||||||||||||||| ||bright intense|||||||||||||||| |||||bliksem||||||||||||| ||||||زد|||||||||||| ||lebendigen|Blitz||Blitz||||||||||||| ||鲜明的|闪电|||击中|||||||||||| ||živý|||||||||||||||| Een plotselinge heldere bliksem sloeg in op de vriend naast hem, die dood voor zijn voeten neer viel. Um relâmpago repentino e vívido atingiu o amigo ao seu lado, que caiu morto a seus pés. Внезапная яркая вспышка молнии ударила в друга, стоявшего рядом с ним, и тот упал замертво к его ногам. The suddenness of the young man’s death made a great impression on Martin Luther. |внезапность|||||||||впечатление||| |soudaineté|||||||||||| |suddenness|||||||||||| |plotselingheid|||||||||||| |suddenidade|||||||||||| |年轻人去世的突然性|||||||||||| |突如其来|||||||||||| |раптовість|||||||||||| De plotselingheid van de dood van de jonge man maakte een grote indruk op Martin Luther. Внезапность смерти молодого человека произвела на Мартина Лютера сильное впечатление. Struck to the heart, he made up his mind that henceforth he would devote his life to God and God’s service. ||||||||||отныне|||посвятить||||||Бога| ||||il||||||désormais|||||||||| ||||||||||from now on|||devote||||||God's| |||||||||||||wijden||||||| atingido||||||||||doravante|||dedicaria||||||| ||||||||||从此|||||||||| |||||下定决心|||||从此|||||||||| ||||||||||відтепер|||||||||| Colpito al cuore, decise che d'ora in poi avrebbe dedicato la sua vita a Dio e al suo servizio. Raakt tot in zijn hart, besloot hij dat hij voortaan zijn leven aan God en de dienst van God zou wijden. In spite of his father’s protests he became a monk. |尽管||||抗议|||| |||||protests||||monk |||||||||monnik |||||протестов||||монах Ondanks de protesten van zijn vader werd hij een monnik. For the first two years his life was a very hard one: his food was very scanty, he had to perform the lowliest tasks, and to beg for alms and bread. ||||||||||||||||скудный||||||самые низкие||||||милостыню|| ||||||||||||||||rare||||||les tâches les plus humbles||||||aumônes|| ||||||||||||||||meager||||||lowest||||||alms|| ||||||||||||||||karig||||||||||||aalmoezen|| ||||||||||||||||escassa||||||mais humilde|tarefas|||pedir||esmola|| ||||||||||||||||稀少||||||最低贱的|||||||| ||||||||||||||||mager||||||niedrigsten|||||||| ||||||||||||||||稀少的||||做||最卑微的||||||施舍|| ||||||||||||||||мізерний||||||||||||милостиня|| ||||||||||||||||skromná||||||nejnižší||||||almužnu|| ||||||||||||||||||||||最も卑しい|||||||| De eerste twee jaar was zijn leven erg zwaar: zijn eten was erg karig, hij moest de minste taken uitvoeren en om aalmoezen en brood bedelen. Whatever spare time he had, he worked hard at his books, studying the epistles and gospels diligently. |||||||||||||послания||евангелия|усердно ||||||||||||les|épîtres||les évangiles|avec diligence |||||||||||||letters||gospels|carefully |vrije|||||||||||||||ijverig ||||||||||||||||diligentemente ||||||||||||||||勤奋地 |freie|||||||||||||||eifrig |空闲的||||||||||||书信||福音|勤奋地 |||||||||||||послання||євангелія|старанно ||||||||||||||||pečlivě Ogni volta che aveva del tempo libero, lavorava sodo sui suoi libri, studiando diligentemente le epistole e i vangeli. 暇な時はいつでも、彼は自分の本で一生懸命働き、手紙と福音を熱心に研究しました。 Wat hij ook aan vrije tijd had, hij werkte hard aan zijn boeken en bestudeerde de brieven en evangeliën ijverig. In the library of the university he found a complete Bible in Latin. ||||||||||Bible||Latin In de bibliotheek van de universiteit vond hij een complete Bijbel in het Latijn. It was the first time he had seen one. 它|||||||| Het was de eerste keer dat hij er een zag. He devoured it eagerly. |поглотил это||с жадностью |||avec avidité |atemde|| |devorou||ansiosamente |verschlang|| |snědl||s chutí 彼はそれを熱心にむさぼり食った。 Hij verteerde het gretig. A new light came into his life, and in his close study of the Bible he strengthened himself for his future work. ||||||||||||||||增强了||||| ||||||||||||||||stelde||||| ||||||||||||||||fortaleceu||||| ||||||||||||||||укрепил||||| Een nieuw licht kwam in zijn leven, en in zijn grondige studie van de Bijbel versterkte hij zichzelf voor zijn toekomstige werk. Новый свет вошел в его жизнь, и в своем внимательном изучении Библии он укрепил себя для своей будущей работы. Before long he had risen to a position of importance in the monastery. 不久之前|||||||||||| ||||||||||||monastère In breve tempo era salito a una posizione di rilievo nel monastero. Al snel was hij tot een belangrijke positie in het klooster gestegen. Вскоре он занял важное положение в монастыре. He became a priest and went to live at Wittenberg—a town which he made famous by his name. |||священник||||||Виттенберг||||||||| |||prêtre||||||||||||||| |||priester||||||||||||||| |||sacerdote||||||Vitenberga||||||||| |||||||||维滕贝格||||||||| |||牧师||||生活||维滕贝格||||||||| |||||||||ヴィッテンベルク||||||||| Hij werd priester en ging wonen in Wittenberg - een stad die hij beroemd maakte door zijn naam. In 1509 he began to lecture on the Scriptures. ||||преподавать|||Священные Писания |||à||||les Écritures |||||||圣经 |||||||as Escrituras |||||||圣经 In 1509 begon hij te preken over de Schrift. В 1509 году он начал читать лекции по Священному Писанию. Bibles were not in the hands of all as they are to-day, and Martin Luther was able to tell his countrymen a great deal that they did not know, by reason of his deep learning. Библии|||||||||||||||||||||соотечественникам|||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||était||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||compatriotas|||||||||||||| 圣经|||||||||||||||||能够||||||||||||||原因|||| |||||||||||||||||||||співвітчизникам|||||||||||||| 聖書||||||||||||||||||||||a||||||||||||| Le Bibbie non erano nelle mani di tutti come lo sono oggi, e Martin Lutero fu in grado di dire ai suoi compatrioti molte cose che non sapevano, grazie alla sua profonda cultura. Bijbels waren niet in handen van iedereen zoals vandaag de dag, en Martin Luther kon zijn landgenoten veel vertellen dat zij niet wisten, vanwege zijn diepgaande kennis. As Bíblias não estavam nas mãos de todos como estão hoje, e Martinho Lutero pôde dizer aos seus compatriotas muito do que eles não sabiam, devido à sua profunda erudição. Библии были в руках не всех, как сегодня, и Мартин Лютер смог рассказать своим соотечественникам многое, чего они не знали, по причине его глубоких знаний. His lectures made a great impression. |лекции|||| |colleges|||| |as palestras|||| Zijn lezingen maakten een grote indruk.

"This monk," said the head of the university, "will bring in a new doctrine. " |||||||||||||教义 |||||||||||||Lehre |||||||||||||учение "Deze monnik," zei de hoofd van de universiteit, "zal een nieuwe doctrine inbrengen." He also began now to preach in the churches. ||||||||церквах ||||à|prêcher||| |||||prediken||| |||||pregar||| |||||讲道||| |||||讲道||| Hij begon ook nu in de kerken te preken. He was very earnest, and the people who listened to him were deeply moved at his words. |||серьезен||||||||||||| Il|||sincère||||||||||||| |||ernstig||||||||||||| |||sério||||||||||||| |||ernst||||||||||||| |||真诚的|||||||||深深|感动的||| |||серйозний||||||||||||| |||vážný||||||||||||| Hij was heel serieus, en de mensen die naar hem luisterden waren diep ontroerd door zijn woorden.

In 1511 he was sent on a mission to Rome, where Leo X. was Pope. ||||||||||利奥|||教皇 |||||||||||||paus Nel 1511 fu inviato in missione a Roma, dove era Papa Leone X. In 1511 werd hij op een missie naar Rome gestuurd, waar Leo X. paus was. Now, from early times there has been a Pope (Papa)  or Father of Rome, who in the Middle Ages had come to be looked on as the Head of the Christian Church by many, if not all, of the countries of Europe. |||||||||教皇|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||en était venu|||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||教皇|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||Papa||||||||||||||considerado|||||||||||||||||| |||||||||Папа|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Fin dai tempi antichi c'è stato un Papa o Padre di Roma, che nel Medioevo era considerato il capo della Chiesa cristiana da molti, se non da tutti, i Paesi europei. さて、初期からローマの教皇(パパ)または父がいました。彼らは中世にヨーロッパの国々のすべてではないにしても多くの人々からキリスト教会の長として見られるようになりました。 Sinds de vroege tijden is er een paus (Papa) of Vader van Rome geweest, die in de Middeleeuwen door velen, zo niet alle, landen in Europa als het Hoofd van de Christelijke Kerk werd beschouwd. At first the Pope was a Bishop of Rome, as other Bishops were in other cities, but when Rome was no longer the sole imperial city, the power of the Bishops became greater and greater until, in the twelfth century, under Innocent III., the papal authority reached its height. ||||||епископ|||||епископы||||||||||||единственном|||||||||||||||двенадцатом||||||папская|||| |||||||||||||||||||||||enige|||||||de Bisschoppen||||||||||||||||||hoogte |||||||||||||||||||||||єдиним||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||os Bispos|||||||||||||||||||||||||||décima||||||papal|||| |||||||||||||||||||||||唯一|||||||||||||||第十二|||无辜的|||教皇的|||| All'inizio il Papa era un Vescovo di Roma, come lo erano altri Vescovi in altre città, ma quando Roma non fu più l'unica città imperiale, il potere dei Vescovi divenne sempre più grande finché, nel XII secolo, sotto Innocenzo III, l'autorità papale raggiunse il suo apice. 他の司教が他の都市にいたように、最初は教皇はローマの司教でしたが、ローマがもはや唯一の帝国都市ではなくなったとき、司教の力は12世紀にイノセントIIIの下でますます大きくなりました。教皇庁はその頂点に達した。 Aanvankelijk was de paus een bisschop van Rome, net als andere bisschoppen in andere steden, maar toen Rome niet langer de enige keizerlijke stad was, werd de macht van de bisschoppen steeds groter totdat, in de twaalfde eeuw, onder Innocentius III, de papale autoriteit zijn hoogtepunt bereikte. 最初,教皇是罗马的主教,就像其他城市的主教一样,但当罗马不再是唯一的帝国城市时,主教们的权力变得越来越大,直到在十二世纪,在无辜的第三任教皇领导下,教皇的权威达到了顶峰。

Now during the Middle Ages many abuses had crept into the Church. ||||||злоупотребления||проникли||| ||||||||eingeschlichen||| ||||||||entrado||| ||||||滥用||||| 現在、中世の間、多くの虐待が教会に忍び込んでいました。 Nu hadden zich tijdens de Middeleeuwen veel misbruiken in de Kerk genesteld. 现在,在中世纪期间,许多滥用现象潜入了教会。 One of these was known as the "sale of indulgences. " |||||||продажа||индульгенции |||||||||indulgences |||||||||aflaat |||||||||indulgências |||||||||赎罪券 |||||||||Ablass |||||||فروش|| |||||||||продаж індульгенцій |||||||||odpustky |||||||||免罪符 これらの1つは「耽溺の販売」として知られていました。 Een daarvan stond bekend als de "verkoop van aflaat." 其中之一被称为“赎罪券的出售。” All feel it right that sinners should suffer for their sins, but there is no Biblical foundation for the teaching that by money payments a sinner may be saved from the punishment of his sin. |||||грешники||||||||||библейская||||||||платежи||грешник||||||наказание|||греха |||||les pécheurs|||||péchés||||||||||||||||||||||||péché |||||||||||||||||||||||||zondaar||||||||| |||||os pecadores||||||||||||||||||||pecador||||||||| |||||罪人||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||罪人||受苦|||罪|||||圣经的||||||||||罪人||||||惩罚|||罪 |||||hříšníci||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Tutti ritengono giusto che i peccatori debbano soffrire per i loro peccati, ma non c'è alcun fondamento biblico per l'insegnamento che con i pagamenti in denaro un peccatore possa essere salvato dalla punizione del suo peccato. Iedereen vindt het terecht dat zondaars lijden voor hun zonden, maar er is geen Bijbelse basis voor de leer dat een zondaar door geldbetalingen van de straf voor zijn zonde kan worden gered. Yet, in those days, persons who paid money received an "indulgence," and agents went about the country selling them. ||||люди||||||||агенты|||||| ||||||||||aflaat|||||||| ||||||||||赎罪券|||||||| ||||||||||赎罪券||代理人|||||| Toch ontvingen mensen in die dagen die geld betaalden een "aflaat," en agenten trokken het land door om ze te verkopen. One of these, named John Tetzel, came to Germany. 一个|||||特策尔||| |||||泰泽||| |||||Tetzel||| |||||テッツェル||| ||||Иоанн|Тетцель||| Een van hen, genaamd Johannes Tetzel, kwam naar Duitsland. He disgusted Martin Luther by his method of extorting money from ignorant people, and being a man of great courage, Luther felt it his duty to remonstrate. |разозлил|||||||вымогая||||||||||||||||||выразить протест ||||||||||||||||||||||||||protester ||||||||afpersen|||||||||||||||||| |desgostou|||||||extorquir||||as pessoas||||||||||||dever||protestar |||||||||||نادان||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||抗议 |ekelte|||||||||||||||||||||||||protestieren |厌恶||路德|||||勒索||||||||||||||||||抗议 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||протестувати ||||||||vydírání|||||||||||||||||| ||||||||強要する||||||||||||||||||抗議する 彼は無知な人々から金をゆすり取る彼の方法によってマーティン・ルーサーをうんざりさせました、そして、非常に勇気のある人であったので、ルーサーはそれを示すことが彼の義務であると感じました。 Hij walgde van Maarten Luther door zijn methode om geld van onwetende mensen af te persen, en als een man met grote moed voelde Luther het zijn plicht om te protesteren. He stood up boldly in his pulpit and denounced the system openly. ||||||подиум||осудил||| Il|||avec audace|||pupitre||||| |||moedig||||||||openlijk |||corajosamente||||||||abertamente ||||||讲台||||| ||||||Pult||verurteilte||| ||||||讲坛||谴责了|||公开地 ||||||кафедра||||| ||||||講壇||||| Hij stond moedig op in zijn preekstoel en veroordeelde het systeem openlijk.

It was a tremendous moment. Het was een geweldig moment. It was indeed the visible beginning of the Reformation—that great movement which was to spread wider and wider until it should affect the whole Christian world. ||||可见的|||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||mais ampla|||||||||| Het was inderdaad het zichtbare begin van de Reformatie - die grote beweging die steeds breder zou verspreiden totdat zij de hele christelijke wereld zou beïnvloeden.

Into the deeper causes of the Reformation we cannot enter here. |||更深层次的原因||||||进入| ||diepere|||||||| In de diepere oorzaken van de Reformatie kunnen we hier niet ingaan. 我们不能在这里深入探讨宗教改革的根本原因。 The revival of Greek learning had caused men to study the Scriptures for themselves as Luther did, and this caused dissatisfaction with the mediaeval corruption of the Roman Church. |возрождение|||||||||||||||||||недовольство|||средневекового|коррупция|||| La|la renaissance||||||||||||||||||||||médiévale||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||medieval||||| |heropleving|||||||||||||||||||||||corruptie|||| ||||||||||||||||||||insatisfação|||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||中世纪的|腐败|||| ||||||||||||||||||||Unzufriedenheit|||||||| |||یونانی||||||||کتاب مقدس||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||незадоволення|||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||中世の||||| ギリシャの学習の復活は、ルターがしたように男性が自分で聖書を研究することを引き起こしました、そしてこれはローマ教会の中世の腐敗に不満を引き起こしました。 De heropleving van de Griekse kennis had ervoor gezorgd dat mensen de Schrift voor zichzelf bestudeerden, zoals Luther deed, en dit leidde tot ontevredenheid over de middeleeuwse corruptie van de Roomse Kerk. 希腊学习的复兴使人们像路德一样自己研究圣经,这导致了对罗马教会中世纪腐败现象的不满。