The Awakening of Europe, 22. Sir Walter Raleigh

22. Sir Walter Raleigh

"God has made nobler heroes, but He never made a finer gentleman than Walter Raleigh." —R. L. STEVENSON.

Raleigh had failed with his Virginian colony, but he still had dreams of an English colony elsewhere. The wealth that filled Spain from Mexico and Peru had filled England with envy. To gain a like rich kingdom for his queen, to extend her power and enrich her treasury,—this was Raleigh's dream. With these thoughts in his mind he turned his eyes to Guiana, a tract of country in South America of which dazzling tales had reached his ears.

Since the early days of Spanish discovery, natives had talked of a city of untold wealth—El Dorado they called it. It was richer than Peru, they said, and gold was so plentiful that the king was covered with turpentine and rolled in gold-dust till he shone with the glory of gold. Expedition after expedition had left Spain for this land of wealth, but all had failed to penetrate the country. No one had yet discovered the fabulous city of El Dorado, though all would journey thither if they could.

It was early in the year 1595 that Sir Walter Raleigh left England with five ships for this much desired land of Guiana. Forty-six days later he reached the island of Trinidad—the Port of Spain, as it was called—where he was kindly received by the Spaniards. The early summer found the explorers at the mouth of the river Orinoco, by which they intended to row into the interior of the country. Fortunately for them, they fell in with a canoe of Indians. Raleigh in his eight-oared boat gave chase and soon made friends with them, taking on board the faithful pilot Ferdinando to guide them up the fast-flowing river into the unknown.

"But for this," said Raleigh afterwards, "I think we had never found the way either to Guiana or back to the ships." Up the Orinoco mile after mile they rowed, but they seemed to get no nearer to El Dorado. Twice they were nearly wrecked, and they were beginning to despair, when suddenly the scenery changed as if by magic. The high banks gave way to low-lying plains, soft green grass grew close to the water's edge, and deer came down to feed. Still the strong current continued. Each man had borne his full share of rowing, but the effort of pulling everlastingly against such violence was telling on the staunchest among them. They were now some 400 miles from their ships, when, to add to their troubles, a sudden and furious rising of the river took place.

"Whosoever," says Raleigh, "had seen or proved the fury of that river after it began to rise, would perchance have turned his back somewhat sooner than we did, if all the mountains had been gold or precious stones." Having discovered a good deal about the country from natives, Raleigh turned for home. Wind and stream were with them now, bearing them down with almost alarming rapidity. One day they covered 100 miles. Raleigh had not found El Dorado, but he returned home enormously impressed with the new country.

"Guiana is a country that hath yet her maidenhood," he told the queen. "The face of the earth hath not been torn, the graves have not been opened for gold. It hath never been entered by any army of strength, never conquered by any Christian prince. Men shall find here more rich and beautiful cities, more temples adorned with gold, than either Cortes found in Mexico or Pizarro in Peru, and the shining glory of this conquest will eclipse all those of the Spanish nation." But this enthusiasm failed to inspire others in England. The queen was growing old, and it was to be many a long year before Raleigh's work was to tell. Twenty-two years passed by and Raleigh never forgot the glories of Guiana. Elizabeth was dead, and her successor, James, had thrown Raleigh into the Tower of London, where he wrote the beginning of his 'History of the World' and dreamed his hopeless dreams of colonisation. At last he persuaded James to let him go once more to Guiana, where he suggested he could find a gold mine to enrich the English Treasury. The rest of the story is sad enough. Storms, desertion, disease, and death followed him from the very first, and ere the expedition had reached the mouth of the Orinoco Raleigh himself was stricken down and unable to go farther. He sent on his young son, Walter—the "little Wat" of happier days gone by—with a party of men to find the mine, but fighting took place. The wrath of the Spaniards had been roused, young Raleigh was killed, and the Englishmen never reached the gold mine. Sadly Raleigh sailed home to England in his little ship the Destiny. For rousing the Spaniards, with whom England was now at peace, he was seized and condemned to die.

With the same courtly grace which he had borne through life he bade farewell to the friends who stood round. With the "dignity of a philosopher, the courage of a soldier, the faith of a Christian," he met his death. "We have not such another head to be cut off," said one who stood by. Raleigh had failed at the end and died a broken-hearted adventurer; but his love and faith in the future of England, as the mother of distant empires and the mistress of the seas, have won for him an undying name amid the annals of the world.

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22. Sir Walter Raleigh |沃尔特| 22. Sir Walter Raleigh 22. Sir Walter Raleigh 22.ウォルター・ローリー卿 22. Sir Walter Raleigh 22. Сэр Уолтер Рэли 22. Sir Walter Raleigh 22. Сер Волтер Рейлі 22. 沃尔特·罗利爵士 22. 沃爾特·羅利爵士

"God has made nobler heroes, but He never made a finer gentleman than Walter Raleigh." |||更高尚的|||||||更优秀的|||| |||更高尚的||||||||||| "Dio ha fatto eroi più nobili, ma non ha mai fatto un gentiluomo più fine di Walter Raleigh". "Tanrı daha asil kahramanlar yaratmıştır ama Walter Raleigh'den daha iyi bir beyefendi yaratmamıştır." —R. L. STEVENSON. |史蒂文森 |史蒂文森

Raleigh had failed with his Virginian colony, but he still had dreams of an English colony elsewhere. ||||||||||||||||jinde 罗利|||||维吉尼亚的||||||||||| |||||维吉尼亚的||||||||||| Raleigh had gefaald met zijn Virginiaanse kolonie, maar hij droomde nog steeds van een Engelse kolonie elders. The wealth that filled Spain from Mexico and Peru had filled England with envy. |||||||||||||嫉妒从墨西哥和秘鲁涌入西班牙的财富，使英格兰充满了嫉妒。 To gain a like rich kingdom for his queen, to extend her power and enrich her treasury,—this was Raleigh's dream. ||||||||||||||obohatit|||||| |||像|||||||||||||国库|||| 为了为他的女王获得一个同样富饶的王国，扩展她的权力并丰富她的宝库，这是拉雷尔的梦想。 With these thoughts in his mind he turned his eyes to Guiana, a tract of country in South America of which dazzling tales had reached his ears. |||||||||||||kus||||||||úžasné|příběhy|||| |||||||||||圭亚那||一片土地|||||||||故事|||| |||||||||||||一片||||||||||||| 带着这些想法，他将目光转向了圭亚那，一个在南美的地方，令人眼花缭乱的故事传入了他的耳中。

Since the early days of Spanish discovery, natives had talked of a city of untold wealth—El Dorado they called it. ||||||||||||||||它|黄金城||| |||||||||||||||||埃尔多拉多||| Fin dai primi giorni della scoperta spagnola, gli indigeni avevano parlato di una città dalle ricchezze incalcolabili, chiamata El Dorado. 自西班牙發現之初，當地人就談論著一座財富無盡的城市——他們稱之為埃爾多拉多。 It was richer than Peru, they said, and gold was so plentiful that the king was covered with turpentine and rolled in gold-dust till he shone with the glory of gold. ||||||||||||||||||smůla||||||||||||| ||更富有||||||||||||||||松节油||滚动||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||松香||||||||||||| 他们说这里比秘鲁还要富饶，黄金丰盈得连国王都浑身涂满了松节油，裹上了金粉，闪耀着金光的荣耀。他們說那裡比秘魯更富有，金子如此豐富，以至於國王被松香覆蓋，並在金粉中滾動，直到他閃耀著金光的榮耀。 Expedition after expedition had left Spain for this land of wealth, but all had failed to penetrate the country. ||||||||||||||||深入|| 一支接一支的探险队从西班牙出发，前往这片富饶的土地，但都未能深入这片国土。一次又一次的遠征從西班牙出發前往這片富饒之地，但所有的努力都未能深入這個國家。 No one had yet discovered the fabulous city of El Dorado, though all would journey thither if they could. |||尚未|发现|||||||||||那里||| Nessuno aveva ancora scoperto la favolosa città di El Dorado, anche se tutti vi si sarebbero recati se avessero potuto. 虽然还没有人发现传说中的黄金城埃尔多拉多，但如果能去，所有人都会前往。

It was early in the year 1595 that Sir Walter Raleigh left England with five ships for this much desired land of Guiana. ||||||||||||||||||渴望的||| 1595年初，沃尔特·罗利爵士带着五艘船离开英国，前往这个备受渴望的圭亚那土地。 Forty-six days later he reached the island of Trinidad—the Port of Spain, as it was called—where he was kindly received by the Spaniards. |||||||||特立尼达|||||||||||||||| 四十六天后，他到达了特立尼达岛——即西班牙港，在那里他受到了西班牙人的热情接待。 The early summer found the explorers at the mouth of the river Orinoco, by which they intended to row into the interior of the country. |||发现|||||||||奥里诺科||||打算||划船|进入||内陆||| |||||||这条|||||奥里诺科|||||||||||| All'inizio dell'estate gli esploratori si trovarono alla foce del fiume Orinoco, attraverso il quale intendevano dirigersi verso l'interno del Paese. 早夏时分，探险者们到达了奥里诺科河的河口，他们打算划船进入该国的内部区域。 Fortunately for them, they fell in with a canoe of Indians. ||||相遇|在|||独木舟|| Per loro fortuna, si imbatterono in una canoa di indiani. 幸运的是，他们遇到了一只印第安人的独木舟。 Raleigh in his eight-oared boat gave chase and soon made friends with them, taking on board the faithful pilot Ferdinando to guide them up the fast-flowing river into the unknown. ||||八桨||追逐||||||||||||||费尔丁南多||||||||||| |||||||chase|||||||||||||||||||||river||| ||||||||||||||||||||费尔迪南多||||||||||| Raleigh zette in zijn acht-roeiboot de achtervolging in en sloot al snel vriendschap met hen. Hij nam de trouwe piloot Ferdinando aan boord om hen de snelstromende rivier het onbekende in te leiden. 拉黑在他的八桨船上追赶，迅速与他们交朋友，带上了忠实的领航员费尔迪南多，指导他们沿着急流的河流进入未知的地方。

"But for this," said Raleigh afterwards, "I think we had never found the way either to Guiana or back to the ships." |||||后来|||||||||||圭亚那||||| but||||||||||||||||||||| "要不是这个，"拉黑后来说，"我认为我们永远找不到去圭亚那或返回船只的道路。" Up the Orinoco mile after mile they rowed, but they seemed to get no nearer to El Dorado. 向上|||英里||||划船|||||||||| |||||||划|||||||||| 他们漫无目的地在奥里诺科河上划了一英里又一英里，但似乎离埃尔多拉多越来越远。 Twice they were nearly wrecked, and they were beginning to despair, when suddenly the scenery changed as if by magic. ||||毁灭|||||||||||变化|||| 他们差点两次船毁，但是他们开始绝望时，突然风景像魔法一样变化了。 The high banks gave way to low-lying plains, soft green grass grew close to the water's edge, and deer came down to feed. |||变为|||||平原||||||||水的|||鹿|下来||| Gli argini alti lasciavano il posto a pianure basse, l'erba verde e soffice cresceva vicino al bordo dell'acqua e i cervi scendevano per nutrirsi. 高高的岸边让位于低洼的平原，柔软的绿草在水边生长，鹿群下来觅食。 Still the strong current continued. ||强劲|水流| 仍然强劲的水流持续着。 Each man had borne his full share of rowing, but the effort of pulling everlastingly against such violence was telling on the staunchest among them. |||承担||||||||||划船||抵抗||暴力||显著影响|||最坚韧的|| ||||||||||||||||||||||最坚强|| Ognuno aveva sopportato la sua parte di voga, ma lo sforzo di tirare perennemente contro una tale violenza si rivelò eccessivo anche per i più tenaci. Каждый из них вытерпел свою долю гребли, но усилия, которые приходилось прилагать, постоянно сопротивляясь такому насилию, действовали на самых стойких из них. 每个人都尽了全力划船，但在如此强烈的水流中不断地划行的努力正对他们中最坚强的人产生影响。 They were now some 400 miles from their ships, when, to add to their troubles, a sudden and furious rising of the river took place. ||||||||||||||||||||||发生| 当他们距离船只约400公里时，河流突然暴涨，使他们的困境加剧。

"Whosoever," says Raleigh, "had seen or proved the fury of that river after it began to rise, would perchance have turned his back somewhat sooner than we did, if all the mountains had been gold or precious stones." ||||||||||||||||||或许|||||稍微|更早||||如果|所有|||||||| ||||||||||||||||||或许||||||||||||||||||| "Chiunque", dice Raleigh, "avesse visto o provato la furia di quel fiume dopo che aveva iniziato a salire, avrebbe forse voltato le spalle un po' prima di noi, se tutte le montagne fossero state d'oro o di pietre preziose". "无论是谁，" 罗利说，"如果见过或经历过那条河在上涨后的狂怒，恐怕会比我们更早转身离开，即使所有的山都是金子或宝石。" Having discovered a good deal about the country from natives, Raleigh turned for home. 在从土著那里发现了很多关于这个国家的事情后，罗利开始返回故乡。 Wind and stream were with them now, bearing them down with almost alarming rapidity. |||||||||||||迅速 |||||||||||||迅速现在风和水流都在助长他们，以几乎令人惊恐的速度向前推进。 One day they covered 100 miles. |||行驶| 有一天他们走了100英里。 Raleigh had not found El Dorado, but he returned home enormously impressed with the new country. ||||||||||非常|印象深刻|||| 拉利没有找到埃尔多拉多，但他回家时对这个新国家感到非常震撼。

"Guiana is a country that hath yet her maidenhood," he told the queen. |||||má|||panenství|||| 圭亚那||||||||处女之身|||| ||||||||处女之身|||| "圭亚那是一个尚未失去处女之身的国家，"他告诉女王。 "The face of the earth hath not been torn, the graves have not been opened for gold. |||||曾|||撕裂|||||||| “大地的面貌没有被撕裂，坟墓没有因黄金而被打开。” It hath never been entered by any army of strength, never conquered by any Christian prince. “这里从未被任何强大的军队进入，未曾被任何基督教王子征服。” Men shall find here more rich and beautiful cities, more temples adorned with gold, than either Cortes found in Mexico or Pizarro in Peru, and the shining glory of this conquest will eclipse all those of the Spanish nation." ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||zat shadow|||||| ||||||||||||||||科尔特斯||||||||||辉煌的||||||超越|||||| “人们将在这里找到比科尔特斯在墨西哥找到的更多更富丽的城市，比皮萨罗在秘鲁找到的更多装饰着黄金的庙宇，这次征服的辉煌将超越西班牙民族所有的辉煌。” But this enthusiasm failed to inspire others in England. 但是这种热情未能激励英格兰的其他人。 The queen was growing old, and it was to be many a long year before Raleigh's work was to tell. |||||||||||||||||||见效女王渐渐衰老，而拉雷的工作要到很多年后才能见效。 Twenty-two years passed by and Raleigh never forgot the glories of Guiana. ||||||||||辉煌||圭亚那二十二年过去了，拉雷从未忘记圭亚那的辉煌。 Elizabeth was dead, and her successor, James, had thrown Raleigh into the Tower of London, where he wrote the beginning of his 'History of the World' and dreamed his hopeless dreams of colonisation. |||||继任者|||囚禁||||伦敦塔|||||||||||||||||||| 伊丽莎白已去世，她的继任者詹姆斯将拉利投入伦敦塔，在那里他写下了《世界历史》的开篇，并梦想着他那些无望的殖民梦。 At last he persuaded James to let him go once more to Guiana, where he suggested he could find a gold mine to enrich the English Treasury. |||||||||||||||建议||||||||||| 最终，他说服詹姆斯让他再次前往圭亚那，他建议自己能够找到一座金矿来充实英国的国库。 The rest of the story is sad enough. 故事的其余部分足够悲惨。 Storms, desertion, disease, and death followed him from the very first, and ere the expedition had reached the mouth of the Orinoco Raleigh himself was stricken down and unable to go farther. 风暴|逃亡|||||||||||在之前|||||||||奥里诺科|||||||||| |離脱|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |背叛|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 风暴、背叛、疾病和死亡从一开始就跟随着他，在远征抵达奥里诺哥河口之前，拉雷赫自己就被击倒，无法再继续前行。 He sent on his young son, Walter—the "little Wat" of happier days gone by—with a party of men to find the mine, but fighting took place. |||||||||小沃特|||||||||||去||||||| Hij stuurde zijn jonge zoon Walter - de "kleine Wat" van gelukkiger vervlogen tijden - met een groep mannen om de mijn te vinden, maar er werd gevochten. 他派他的年轻儿子沃尔特——曾经幸福时光中的‘小沃特’——与一队人马一起去寻找矿藏，但发生了战斗。 The wrath of the Spaniards had been roused, young Raleigh was killed, and the Englishmen never reached the gold mine. |hněv|||||||||||||||||| |愤怒||||||激起|||||||||||| |Zorn|||||||||||||||||| 西班牙人的愤怒被激起，年轻的拉雷赫被杀，英格兰人再也未能到达金矿。 Sadly Raleigh sailed home to England in his little ship the Destiny. |||||||||||命运可悲的是，拉雷将他的的小船命运号驶回了英国。 For rousing the Spaniards, with whom England was now at peace, he was seized and condemned to die. |podněcování|||||||||||||||| |激励|||||||||||||||| |Aufwiegeln|||||||||||||||| |煽动|||||||||||||||| Per aver aizzato gli spagnoli, con i quali l'Inghilterra era ormai in pace, fu catturato e condannato a morte. За то, что он подстрекал испанцев, с которыми у Англии теперь был мир, его схватили и приговорили к смерти. 由于煽动与英格兰现在处于和平状态的西班牙人，他被捕并被判死刑。

With the same courtly grace which he had borne through life he bade farewell to the friends who stood round. |||dvorní|||||||||||||||| |||优雅的|优雅||||||一生||||||||| |||優雅な|||||||||||||||| |||优雅的|||||||||||||||| 在他一生中一直保持的同样优雅的风度下，他向站在身边的朋友们告别。 With the "dignity of a philosopher, the courage of a soldier, the faith of a Christian," he met his death. ||důstojností||||||||||||||||| ||哲人的尊严||||||||||||||||| "We have not such another head to be cut off," said one who stood by. Raleigh had failed at the end and died a broken-hearted adventurer; but his love and faith in the future of England, as the mother of distant empires and the mistress of the seas, have won for him an undying name amid the annals of the world. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||女王|||海洋||||||不朽的||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||年鑑||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||不朽|||||||