Adverbs
Наречие описывает или предоставляет дополнительную информацию о глаголе, прилагательном, наречии или фразе.
Примеры:
She was a very happy child.
He ate the hamburger quickly.
Her latest movie is absolutely terrifying!
Don't be gone for too long.
The old, dark house gave me a bad feeling.
Наречия места
Наречия места говорят нам о месте, где что-то происходит. Они не меняют смысла прилагательных и наречий.
Примеры:
| about | downstairs | on |
| above | east (etc) | out |
| abroad | elsewhere | outside |
| anywhere | far | over |
| away | here | there |
| backwards (also backward) | indoors | under |
| Behind | inside | up |
| below | near | upstairs |
| down | nearby | where |
| off |
Суффиксы "...wards" или "...ward" обычно обозначают движение в указанном направлении.
|
Upwards |
The balloon floated upwards when she let it go. |
|
Downward |
The downward dog is his favourite yoga position. |
|
Backwards |
He fell backwards off the horse. |
|
Forward |
Please move forward so I may get by. |
|
Westward |
The westward facing house was the one they liked the most. |
Суффикс "...where" также используется с некоторыми наречиями места.
|
Nowhere |
I have nowhere to go on the weekend, I need to make a plan. |
|
Anywhere |
Is there anywhere you would like to visit while you're here? |
|
Somewhere |
I have to find somewhere with a washroom. |
|
Everywhere |
I've looked everywhere for it. |
Наречия времени
Эти наречия говорят нам, когда именно что-то случается. Они также указывают на то, как часто или как долго что-то происходило.
Примеры:
| Наречия типа "Когда?" | Наречия типа "Как часто?" | Наречия типа "Как долго?" |
|---|---|---|
| now | sometimes | ages |
| then | always | all day |
| today | usually | since last month |
| tomorrow | yearly | for several days |
| tonight | hourly | for many years |
| daily | since the '90s | |
| infrequently | many hours |
I have a meeting with him tomorrow.
We should go to the train station now.
He visits his grandmother yearly.
Ella sometimes adds strawberries to her yoghurt.
I have been using the app since last month.
Miguel has lived in New York since the '90s.
Наречия образа действия
Наречия образа действия говорят нам, как именно что-то произошло.
Примеры:
| angrily | badly | beautifully | calmingly |
| carefully | cautiously | cleverly | dangerously |
| eagerly | excitedly | foolishly | fast |
| furiously | happily | greedily | hard |
| hurriedly | kindly | nervously | politely |
| quickly | quietly | secretly | silently |
| slowly | softly | stupidly | unhappily |
| well | wickedly | willingly | wisely |
Violet secretly hoped she wouldn't have to go to work.
He nervously played with his pen waiting to open the exam booklet.
The car was driving dangerously close to the sidewalk.
They quickly stopped talking when the teacher came in.
He stupidly forgot his car keys and had to go back.
Наречия степени
Наречия степени показывают степень того, что происходит. Этот вид наречий может менять глаголы, прилагательные и наречия.
Примеры:
| Really | Slowly | Fairly | Quickly |
| Just | Very | Quite | Enough |
Наречия меняющие глаголы:
He was slowly walking to the park.
They had done enough dancing for one night.
Jenna quickly hid the book behind her back.
Наречия меняющие прилагательные:
The kids were very kind to the lost dog.
The hotel ballroom was quite beautiful.
He was fairly happy at his new job.
Наречия меняющие наречия:
She had learned to play chess very well.
The birds ate the seed quite quickly.
The game was really cleverly created.
Наречия уверенности
Наречия уверенности показывают, насколько мы уверенны по поводу чего-либо.
Примеры:
| Certainly | Definitely | Probably | Clearly |
| Undoubtedly | Obviously | Surely |
I'm definitely going to get tickets for that show.
He is clearly feeling guilty about lying to her.
You're obviously not enjoying this movie, let's turn it off.
I'll probably go to the gallery opening on the weekend.
Образование наречий из прилагательных
В большинстве случаев наречия образуются добавлением "-ly" к прилагательному.
Замените "y" на "i" та додайте "-ly" если прилагательное заканчивается на "y".
Если прилагательное заканчивается на "-able", "-ible", или "-le", замените "-e" на "-y".
Если прилагательное заканчивается на "-ic", мы добавляем "-ally".
| Прилагательное | Наречие |
|---|---|
| happy | happily |
| gentle | gently |
| tragic | tragically |
| slow | slowly |
Относительные наречия
Относительные наречия служат для соединения предложений или придаточных предложений. Вот некоторые их них: "when", "where" и "why".
Do you know the reason why he is so upset? (Ты знаешь, почему он так расстроен?)
The day when we will have the event is supposed to be sunny. (В день, когда мы будем проводить это событие, обещают солнечную погоду)
There is a beautiful library in the university where we met. (В университете, где мы встретились, есть красивая библиотека)
Вопросительные наречия
Мы используем вопросительные наречия "when", "where", "why" и "how", чтобы сформировать вопросы.
When does the next bus arrive?
Where will you go for summer vacation?
How do I get to the nearest beach?
Why doesn’t he want to come out to dinner with us tonight?