The Awakening of Europe, 42. The Struggle in Ireland

42. The Struggle in Ireland

"Down thy valleys, Ireland, Ireland, Down thy valleys green and sad, Still thy spirit wanders wailing, Wanders wailing, wanders mad." —NEWBOLT.

William now turned his attention to Ireland, where James II. was stirring up the country against him. Neither was he the first English ruler to turn his eyes towards that unhappy land—that beautiful "Emerald Isle" across the seas, ever in a state of unrest and misery. What was the story of this strange, lonely island, which was so close to England and yet so far?

Ireland, or Erin, as the poets love to call her, has been compared to a lovely and lonely bride whom England has wedded but has never won. But the time must come—perhaps is not far distant—when bridegroom and bride shall understand one another and shall go forward hand in hand—

"Strong with a strength that no fate might dissever, One with a oneness no force could divide." Oliver Cromwell had ruled the people with a firm hand. Indeed he alone of English rulers stamped his image on the country. For eight weary years the Irish had fought for Charles I., and on his death they proclaimed his son king. This had roused Cromwell to action. In the summer of 1649 he landed in Ireland with a huge army. The following spring he returned to England, leaving Ireland once more crushed and lifeless. Her Parliament had ceased to exist, a few Protestant members were transferred to London. Vast military colonies were established by Cromwell, and the large Roman Catholic landowners were exiled to a corner of the country between the Shannon and the sea, called Connaught.

To all outward appearance England and Ireland were now one. But when the English people rose against James II., and drove him over to France, the people of Ireland, ever true to the Stuart cause and the Roman Catholic religion, resolved to support him. Here is one of the legends of how the king arrived in Ireland.

Erin lay awake in bed. Outside a storm was raging and rain was falling in torrents. The wind was howling and roaring down the chimney. Suddenly there was a tap at the door.

"Who is there?" asked Erin.

"It is I, James, son of Charles. I have been driven forth by robbers from the home of my ancestors. Give me shelter, I pray thee, from the fury of the storm." Quickly Erin unbarred the door and brought in the hapless stranger. She took off his dripping cloak, gave him dry clothes, put fresh peat upon the fire, supplied him with food and shelter, and promised to help him.

The appearance of James in Ireland was hailed with enthusiasm. As a king, as a Roman Catholic, as a man in deep misfortune, he had a claim on the feelings of a warm-hearted race of people. He had landed at Kinsale on March 12, 1689. From Cork to Dublin people ran before him in crowds to greet him with tears and blessings.

But the Irish, with the hapless exile James at their head, were no match for the great military force now landing in the north, commanded in person by William III. of England.

"The country is worth fighting for," said William to his mixed army of English and Dutch as he marched through Ireland for the first time in his life. He noted the rich greenness of the land, the bays and rivers so admirably fitted for trade. Where were the forests of masts that lay in every harbour of his native Holland? Where the warehouses that should have lined the quay? Could he not give these people the government and religion that had made Holland the wonder of the world?

He marched on till he came to the green banks of the river Boyne. As the glorious beauties of the valley burst upon him he could not suppress his admiration. Here on the neighbouring hill of Dromore was the camp of James II. Here was to be fought one of the most famous battles of the age.

An old story says, that as the exiled king stood looking over the fair country, his crown fell from his head and rolled down the steep green slope till it plunged into the dark still waters below. On the walls of Drogheda, at the mouth of the Boyne, waved the flags of James and Louis XIV., side by side: every soldier, Irish and French, had a white badge in his hat.

William's keen eye took in the whole situation. "I am glad to see you, gentlemen," he said; "if you escape me now, the fault will be mine." "Their army is but small," said one of his Dutch officers. "They may be stronger than they look," answered William, for he knew that many Irish regiments were hidden from view. The 1st of July dawned. The sun rose bright and cloudless. With drums beating, William and his army advanced to the banks of the Boyne. Each man had bound a green bough in his hat. Ten abreast, the soldiers then plunged into the stream, until the Boyne seemed to be alive with muskets and waving boughs. It was not till they had reached the middle that they realised their danger. Whole regiments of foot and horse, hidden from their sight, now seemed to start out of the very earth. A wild shout rose from the opposite shore, as the Irish and French together rushed to battle. But the great army led by William was too much for them. The Irish foot-soldiers were untrained, badly armed, and unused to action. True, the cavalry stood firm, but their valour was powerless to win the day. At the first shock of reverse James fled to Dublin. He arrived convulsed with rage.

"Madam," he cried to the wife of one of his brave officers—"Madam, your countrymen have run away." "If they have, sire," answered the Irish lady with ready wit, "your majesty seems to have won the race." And the old stories say that James never stopped running till he reached the coast, when he took ship for France!

42. The Struggle in Ireland |Conflict|| 42. Der Kampf in Irland 42. La lucha en Irlanda 42. La lutte en Irlande 42. La lotta in Irlanda 42.アイルランドでの闘い 42) Walka w Irlandii 42. A luta na Irlanda 42. Борьба в Ирландии 42. Боротьба в Ірландії 42. 爱尔兰的斗争 42. 愛爾蘭的鬥爭

"Down thy valleys, Ireland, Ireland, Down thy valleys green and sad, Still thy spirit wanders wailing, Wanders wailing, wanders mad." 向下||山谷||||||||||||游荡|哀号||哀号|| ||low-lying areas|||||||||||||Crying loudly|||| |||||||||||||||泣いている|||| |||||||||||||||哀号|||| "Dans tes vallées, Irlande, Irlande, Dans tes vallées vertes et tristes, Ton esprit erre en se lamentant, Il erre en se lamentant, Il erre en étant fou." "爱尔兰，爱尔兰，沿着你的绿色和悲伤的山谷，依然你的灵魂在徘徊哭泣，徘徊哭泣，疯狂徘徊。" —NEWBOLT. NEWBOLT -NEWBOLT. —纽博特。

William now turned his attention to Ireland, where James II. 威廉现在把注意力转向了爱尔兰，詹姆斯二世。 was stirring up the country against him. |||这个||| |inciting||||| de l'État contre lui, et il n'y a pas d'autre moyen de le faire. stava sobillando il Paese contro di lui. 正在煽动全国反对他。 Neither was he the first English ruler to turn his eyes towards that unhappy land—that beautiful "Emerald Isle" across the seas, ever in a state of unrest and misery. 既不是|||||||||||||||||翡翠|岛|||||处于||||动荡|| Not either||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Il ne fut pas non plus le premier souverain anglais à tourner son regard vers cette terre malheureuse, cette belle "île d'émeraude" de l'autre côté des mers, toujours en proie à l'agitation et à la misère. 他也并不是第一个向那片不幸的土地——那美丽的"翡翠岛"投去目光的英国统治者，这片土地在动荡和痛苦中永远不宁。 What was the story of this strange, lonely island, which was so close to England and yet so far? Quelle est l'histoire de cette île étrange et solitaire, si proche de l'Angleterre et pourtant si lointaine ? 这个与英格兰如此接近却又如此遥远的奇怪孤独岛屿的故事是什么？

Ireland, or Erin, as the poets love to call her, has been compared to a lovely and lonely bride whom England has wedded but has never won. ||||||||||||||||||新娘||||嫁给||||赢得 ||||||||||||||||||||||嫁いだ|||| ||||||||||||||||||||||嫁给|||| L'Irlande, ou Erin, comme les poètes aiment à l'appeler, a été comparée à une fiancée charmante et solitaire que l'Angleterre a épousée mais n'a jamais gagnée. L'Irlanda, o Erin, come amano chiamarla i poeti, è stata paragonata a una sposa bella e solitaria che l'Inghilterra ha sposato ma non ha mai conquistato. 爱尔兰，或者诗人们喜欢称之为埃林，被比作一个美丽而孤独的新娘，她被英格兰娶走却从未赢得。 But the time must come—perhaps is not far distant—when bridegroom and bride shall understand one another and shall go forward hand in hand— |||||||||||新郎||||||||||||| |||||||||||groom||||||||||||| |||||||||||新郎||新娘||||||||||| Mais le temps doit venir - il n'est peut-être pas loin - où l'époux et l'épouse se comprendront et avanceront main dans la main. 但这样的时刻必将到来——也许不会太远——当新郎和新娘能够相互理解，携手向前走时——

"Strong with a strength that no fate might dissever, One with a oneness no force could divide." 强||||||||分开||||合一|||| Unbreakable||||||||separate||||Unity|||| ||||||||引き離す|||||||| ||||||||分离||||合一|||| "Fort d'une force qu'aucun destin ne peut dissoudre, Un avec une unité qu'aucune force ne peut diviser." "Forti di una forza che nessun destino potrebbe dissipare, Uno con un'unità che nessuna forza potrebbe dividere". "强大到无论命运如何都无法分离，合为一体没有任何力量能够分开。" Oliver Cromwell had ruled the people with a firm hand. Indeed he alone of English rulers stamped his image on the country. En effet, lui seul, parmi les souverains anglais, a marqué le pays de son empreinte. 确实，作为英国统治者，他是唯一一个在国家上印下自己肖像的人。 For eight weary years the Irish had fought for Charles I., and on his death they proclaimed his son king. ||疲れた||||||||||||||||| Pendant huit ans, les Irlandais se sont battus pour Charles Ier et, à sa mort, ils ont proclamé son fils roi. 爱尔兰人为了查理一世苦战了八年，查理一世去世后，他们拥立他的儿子为王。 This had roused Cromwell to action. |||克伦威尔|| 这激起了克伦威尔采取行动。 In the summer of 1649 he landed in Ireland with a huge army. ||||||在||||| The following spring he returned to England, leaving Ireland once more crushed and lifeless. |||||||||||压垮||无生气 |||||||||||||无生气 Au printemps suivant, il retourne en Angleterre, laissant l'Irlande une fois de plus écrasée et sans vie. 接下来的春天，他回到了英格兰，再次将爱尔兰压垮和无生气。 Her Parliament had ceased to exist, a few Protestant members were transferred to London. Son Parlement ayant cessé d'exister, quelques membres protestants sont transférés à Londres. 她的议会已经不复存在，几个新教成员被转移到了伦敦。 Vast military colonies were established by Cromwell, and the large Roman Catholic landowners were exiled to a corner of the country between the Shannon and the sea, called Connaught. ||||||||||||地主||流放|||||||||香农|||||康诺特 |||||||||||||||||||||||香农||||| 克伦威尔建立了大规模的军事殖民地，大量的罗马天主教土地拥有者被流放到国家的一个角落，位于香农河和海之间，称为康诺特。

To all outward appearance England and Ireland were now one. All'apparenza, l'Inghilterra e l'Irlanda erano ormai una cosa sola. 从外表来看，英格兰和爱尔兰现在是一体的。 But when the English people rose against James II., and drove him over to France, the people of Ireland, ever true to the Stuart cause and the Roman Catholic religion, resolved to support him. |||英格兰|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||斯图亚特|斯图亚特|||||||||| Mais lorsque le peuple anglais se souleva contre Jacques II et le chassa en France, le peuple irlandais, toujours fidèle à la cause des Stuart et à la religion catholique romaine, résolut de le soutenir. 但当英国人民反抗詹姆斯二世，并将他驱逐到法国时，爱尔兰人始终忠于斯图亚特王朝和罗马天主教，决定支持他。 Here is one of the legends of how the king arrived in Ireland. |||||传说||||||| |||||传说||||||| 这是关于国王如何来到爱尔兰的传说之一。

Erin lay awake in bed. Erin est restée éveillée dans son lit. Outside a storm was raging and rain was falling in torrents. 外面风暴肆虐，倾盆大雨如注。 The wind was howling and roaring down the chimney. |||呼啸|和||||烟囱 |||呼啸|||||烟囱风在屋顶上呼啸，冲进烟囱。 Suddenly there was a tap at the door. |有|||||| ||||敲门声||| 突然，门外传来一阵敲门声。

"Who is there?" asked Erin.

"It is I, James, son of Charles. I have been driven forth by robbers from the home of my ancestors. J'ai été chassé par des voleurs de la maison de mes ancêtres. 我被强盗驱赶出祖辈的家园。 Give me shelter, I pray thee, from the fury of the storm." ||||求||||||| 请给我庇护，免受暴风雨的愤怒。 Quickly Erin unbarred the door and brought in the hapless stranger. ||打开|||||||倒霉的|陌生人 |||||||||unfortunate| |||||||||不運な| ||打开|||||||倒霉的| Erin ouvrit rapidement la porte et fit entrer l'infortuné étranger. 艾琳迅速打开了门，带进了这个不幸的陌生人。 She took off his dripping cloak, gave him dry clothes, put fresh peat upon the fire, supplied him with food and shelter, and promised to help him. ||||湿透的||||||||泥炭|||||||||||||| ||||||||||||泥炭|||||||||||||| ||||||||||||泥炭|||||||||||||| Gli tolse il mantello gocciolante, gli diede abiti asciutti, mise della torba fresca sul fuoco, gli fornì cibo e riparo e promise di aiutarlo. 她脱下他湿透的斗篷，给他换上干燥的衣服，把新鲜的泥炭放上火，供给他食物和住所，并承诺帮助他。

The appearance of James in Ireland was hailed with enthusiasm. 詹姆斯|||||||欢迎|| |||||||welcomed with enthusiasm|| |||||||歓迎された|| 詹姆斯||||||||| L'arrivée de Jacques en Irlande est accueillie avec enthousiasme. La comparsa di Giacomo in Irlanda fu salutata con entusiasmo. 詹姆斯在爱尔兰的出现受到了热烈欢迎。 As a king, as a Roman Catholic, as a man in deep misfortune, he had a claim on the feelings of a warm-hearted race of people. |||||||||||||他|||权利|对||感情||一个||||| ||||||||||||great adversity||||right to appeal||||||compassionate|compassionate||| En tant que roi, en tant que catholique romain, en tant qu'homme dans le malheur, il avait droit aux sentiments d'une race de gens chaleureux. 作为一位国王，作为一名天主教徒，作为一个深陷不幸的男人，他对这群热情好客的民族有着感情上的召唤。 He had landed at Kinsale on March 12, 1689. ||||金塞尔|| ||||金塞尔|| From Cork to Dublin people ran before him in crowds to greet him with tears and blessings. |科克||||||||||问候||||| De Cork à Dublin, les gens se sont précipités en foule devant lui pour le saluer avec des larmes et des bénédictions. 从科克到都柏林，人们纷纷跑到他面前，用泪水和祝福来欢迎他。

But the Irish, with the hapless exile James at their head, were no match for the great military force now landing in the north, commanded in person by William III. |||||||詹姆斯|在||||||||||||||||||||| |||||不運な|||||||||||||||||||||||| Mais les Irlandais, avec à leur tête l'infortuné exilé Jacques, ne font pas le poids face à la grande force militaire qui débarque alors dans le nord, commandée en personne par Guillaume III. 但是，爱尔兰人，在不幸的流亡者詹姆斯的带领下，根本无法与现在在北方登陆的由威廉三世亲自指挥的大军相抗衡。 of England. 英格兰的| 来自英格兰。

"The country is worth fighting for," said William to his mixed army of English and Dutch as he marched through Ireland for the first time in his life. "Le pays vaut la peine qu'on se batte pour lui", dit Guillaume à son armée mixte d'Anglais et de Néerlandais alors qu'il marche sur l'Irlande pour la première fois de sa vie. "这个国家是值得奋斗的，" 威廉对他的英荷混合军队说，当他第一次踏上爱尔兰的土地时。 He noted the rich greenness of the land, the bays and rivers so admirably fitted for trade. |注意到||丰富的||||||||||非常适合||| ||||绿色|||||||||非常适合||| Il note la riche verdure de la terre, les baies et les rivières si admirablement adaptées au commerce. 他注意到这片土地的丰富绿意，海湾和河流非常适合贸易。 Where were the forests of masts that lay in every harbour of his native Holland? Où sont les forêts de mâts qui s'étendent dans tous les ports de sa Hollande natale ? Dov'erano le foreste di alberi che si trovavano in ogni porto della sua Olanda? 他思考着，自己祖国荷兰的每个港口里都停靠着的桅杆森林在哪里？ Where the warehouses that should have lined the quay? 哪里||||||||码头 ||||||||埠頭 Où sont passés les entrepôts qui auraient dû border le quai ? Dove sono i magazzini che avrebbero dovuto costeggiare la banchina? 应当沿码头排列的仓库在哪里？ Could he not give these people the government and religion that had made Holland the wonder of the world? ||||||||||||||||||世界 Ne pouvait-il pas donner à ces gens le gouvernement et la religion qui avaient fait de la Hollande la merveille du monde ? 他难道不能给这些人提供使荷兰成为世界奇迹的政府和宗教吗？

He marched on till he came to the green banks of the river Boyne. |||||||||||||博因河 |||||||||||||博因河 Il marcha jusqu'à ce qu'il arrive sur les rives verdoyantes de la rivière Boyne. 他一直走到博因河的绿岸。 As the glorious beauties of the valley burst upon him he could not suppress his admiration. |||美丽景色|||||||||||| |||美丽景色|||||||||||| En découvrant les beautés glorieuses de la vallée, il ne put réprimer son admiration. 当山谷壮丽的美景展现在他面前时，他无法抑制内心的钦佩。 Here on the neighbouring hill of Dromore was the camp of James II. |||邻近的|||德罗莫尔|||||| ||||||德罗莫尔|||||| 在邻近的德罗莫尔山上是詹姆斯二世的营地。 Here was to be fought one of the most famous battles of the age. C'est là que devait se dérouler l'une des plus célèbres batailles de l'époque. 这里将会是一场时代最著名的战役之一。

An old story says, that as the exiled king stood looking over the fair country, his crown fell from his head and rolled down the steep green slope till it plunged into the dark still waters below. ||||||||||看||这||||||||||滚落|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||坡||||||||| Une vieille histoire raconte qu'alors que le roi exilé contemplait le beau pays, sa couronne tomba de sa tête et roula le long de la pente verte et abrupte jusqu'à ce qu'elle plonge dans les eaux sombres et tranquilles du bas. 一个古老的故事讲述，流亡的国王站在美丽的土地上，突然他的皇冠从头上掉落，滚下陡峭的绿色坡道，直到落入下面黑暗宁静的水域中。 On the walls of Drogheda, at the mouth of the Boyne, waved the flags of James and Louis XIV., side by side: every soldier, Irish and French, had a white badge in his hat. ||||德罗赫达||||||博因河||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||德罗赫达||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Sur les murs de Drogheda, à l'embouchure de la Boyne, flottent côte à côte les drapeaux de Jacques et de Louis XIV : chaque soldat, irlandais et français, porte un insigne blanc dans son chapeau. 在德罗赫达的墙上，博恩河的河口，詹姆斯和路易十四的旗帜并肩飘扬：每个士兵，无论是爱尔兰人还是法国人，帽子上都有一个白色徽章。

William's keen eye took in the whole situation. L'œil vif de William observe la situation dans son ensemble. 威廉的敏锐目光洞悉了整个局势。 "I am glad to see you, gentlemen," he said; "if you escape me now, the fault will be mine." |||||||||||||||过错||| "Je suis heureux de vous voir, messieurs, dit-il ; si vous m'échappez maintenant, ce sera ma faute. "我很高兴见到你们， gentlemen," 他说；"如果你们现在逃脱，那就是我的错。" "Their army is but small," said one of his Dutch officers. "Leur armée est peu nombreuse", dit l'un de ses officiers hollandais. "他们的军队很小，" 他说他的一位荷兰军官。 "They may be stronger than they look," answered William, for he knew that many Irish regiments were hidden from view. |||||||||||||||团|||| |||||||||||||||团|||| "他们可能比看起来要强大，" 威廉回答，因为他知道许多爱尔兰团的士兵隐藏在视线之外。 The 1st of July dawned. Le 1er juillet s'est levé. The sun rose bright and cloudless. |太阳||||无云 With drums beating, William and his army advanced to the banks of the Boyne. |||||||||||||博因河 Au son des tambours, Guillaume et son armée avancent jusqu'aux rives de la Boyne. Each man had bound a green bough in his hat. ||||||枝条||| ||||||枝条||| Chaque homme avait attaché un rameau vert à son chapeau. Ogni uomo aveva legato un ramo verde nel cappello. Ten abreast, the soldiers then plunged into the stream, until the Boyne seemed to be alive with muskets and waving boughs. |并排|||||||||||||||||||树枝 |横に並んで||||||||||||||||||| |并排|||||||||||||||||||树枝 À dix de front, les soldats plongent dans le fleuve, jusqu'à ce que la Boyne semble animée par des mousquets et des branches agitées. Dieci alla volta, i soldati si tuffarono nel torrente, finché il Boyne sembrò animarsi di moschetti e rami ondeggianti. 士兵们十人并肩，随后跳入河流，直到博因河似乎活了过来，满是火枪和摇曳的树枝。 It was not till they had reached the middle that they realised their danger. |是||||||||||意识到|| ||||彼ら||||||||| 直到他们到达中间时，才意识到自己的危险。 Whole regiments of foot and horse, hidden from their sight, now seemed to start out of the very earth. Des régiments entiers de fantassins et de cavaliers, cachés à leur vue, semblaient maintenant sortir de terre. 整支步兵和骑兵团，隐藏在他们视线之外，现在似乎从大地中跳出来。 A wild shout rose from the opposite shore, as the Irish and French together rushed to battle. Un cri sauvage s'élève de la rive opposée, alors que les Irlandais et les Français se précipitent ensemble dans la bataille. 一声野性的呐喊从对岸响起，爱尔兰人和法国人一起冲向战斗。 But the great army led by William was too much for them. ||||||||太||| 但是由威廉领导的大军对于他们来说实在太强大了。 The Irish foot-soldiers were untrained, badly armed, and unused to action. |||||没有训练|||||| I soldati a piedi irlandesi erano poco addestrati, male armati e non abituati all'azione. 爱尔兰步兵没有经过训练，装备差，且不习惯作战。 True, the cavalry stood firm, but their valour was powerless to win the day. |||||||||无力|||| Certes, la cavalerie a tenu bon, mais sa vaillance n'a pas suffi à remporter la victoire. È vero che la cavalleria resistette, ma il suo valore non riuscì ad avere la meglio. 确实，骑兵坚持不懈，但他们的英勇无法赢得胜利。 At the first shock of reverse James fled to Dublin. 在|||冲击||逆转|||| |||||逆転|||| Au premier choc du revers, James s'enfuit à Dublin. Alla prima scossa di rovescio Giacomo fuggì a Dublino. 在第一次逆境的冲击下，詹姆斯逃到了都柏林。 He arrived convulsed with rage. ||颤抖|| ||痙攣して|| ||颤抖|| 他愤怒得发抖到达。

"Madam," he cried to the wife of one of his brave officers—"Madam, your countrymen have run away." "Madame, s'écrie-t-il à la femme d'un de ses braves officiers, vos compatriotes se sont enfuis. "夫人，" 他对他勇敢的军官的妻子喊道 —— "夫人，你的同胞们已经逃跑了。" "If they have, sire," answered the Irish lady with ready wit, "your majesty seems to have won the race." ||有|陛下||||||||||||||| |||||||||机智|机智|||||||| "Si c'est le cas, sire, répondit la dame irlandaise avec beaucoup d'esprit, votre majesté semble avoir gagné la course. "如果他们逃跑了，那么，陛下，" 爱尔兰女士机智地回答，"您的威严似乎赢得了比赛。" And the old stories say that James never stopped running till he reached the coast, when he took ship for France! Et les vieilles histoires disent que James n'a jamais cessé de courir jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne la côte, où il s'est embarqué pour la France ! 老故事说詹姆斯一直跑，直到他到达海岸，然后他乘船前往法国！