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TED Talks, Ken Robinson says schools kill creativity

Ken Robinson says schools kill creativity

Good morning.

How are you? It's been great, hasn't it? I've been blown away by the whole thing. In fact, I'm leaving. (Laughter) There have been three themes, haven't there, running through the conference, which are relevant to what I want to talk about. One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity in all of the presentations that we've had and in all of the people here. Just the variety of it and the range of it. The second is that it's put us in a place where we have no idea what's going to happen, in terms of the future. No idea how this may play out. I have an interest in education -- actually, what I find is everybody has an interest in education.

Don't you? I find this very interesting. If you're at a dinner party, and you say you work in education -- actually, you're not often at dinner parties, frankly, if you work in education. (Laughter) You're not asked. And you're never asked back, curiously. That's strange to me. But if you are, and you say to somebody, you know, they say, "What do you do?" and you say you work in education, you can see the blood run from their face. They're like, "Oh my God," you know, "Why me? My one night out all week." (Laughter) But if you ask about their education, they pin you to the wall. Because it's one of those things that goes deep with people, am I right? Like religion, and money and other things. I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do. We have a huge vested interest in it, partly because it's education that's meant to take us into this future that we can't grasp. If you think of it, children starting school this year will be retiring in 2065. Nobody has a clue -- despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days -- what the world will look like in five years' time. And yet we're meant to be educating them for it. So the unpredictability, I think, is extraordinary. And the third part of this is that we've all agreed, nonetheless, on the really extraordinary capacities that children have -- their capacities for innovation.

I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel, wasn't she? Just seeing what she could do. And she's exceptional, but I think she's not, so to speak, exceptional in the whole of childhood. What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication who found a talent. And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents. And we squander them, pretty ruthlessly. So I want to talk about education and I want to talk about creativity. My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status. (Applause) Thank you. That was it, by the way. Thank you very much. (Laughter) So, 15 minutes left. Well, I was born ... no. (Laughter) I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it -- of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson.

She was six and she was at the back, drawing, and the teacher said this little girl hardly ever paid attention, and in this drawing lesson she did. The teacher was fascinated and she went over to her and she said, "What are you drawing?" And the girl said, "I'm drawing a picture of God." And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like." And the girl said, "They will in a minute." (Laughter) When my son was four in England -- actually he was four everywhere, to be honest.

(Laughter) If we're being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year. He was in the Nativity play. Do you remember the story? No, it was big. It was a big story. Mel Gibson did the sequel. You may have seen it: "Nativity II." But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about. We considered this to be one of the lead parts. We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts: "James Robinson IS Joseph!" (Laughter) He didn't have to speak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in. They come in bearing gifts, and they bring gold, frankincense and myrhh. This really happened. We were sitting there and I think they just went out of sequence, because we talked to the little boy afterward and we said, "You OK with that?" And he said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?" They just switched, that was it. Anyway, the three boys came in -- four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads -- and they put these boxes down, and the first boy said, "I bring you gold." And the second boy said, "I bring you myrhh." And the third boy said, "Frank sent this." (Laughter) What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance.

If they don't know, they'll have a go. Am I right? They're not frightened of being wrong. Now, I don't mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative. What we do know is, if you're not prepared to be wrong, you'll never come up with anything original. If you're not prepared to be wrong. And by the time they get to be adults, most kids have lost that capacity. They have become frightened of being wrong. And we run our companies like this, by the way. We stigmatize mistakes. And we're now running national education systems where mistakes are the worst thing you can make. And the result is that we are educating people out of their creative capacities. Picasso once said this. He said that all children are born artists. The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up. I believe this passionately, that we don't grow into creativity, we grow out of it. Or rather, we get educated out if it. So why is this? I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago.

In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles. So you can imagine what a seamless transition that was. (Laughter) Actually, we lived in a place called Snitterfield, just outside Stratford, which is where Shakespeare's father was born. Are you struck by a new thought? I was. You don't think of Shakespeare having a father, do you? Do you? Because you don't think of Shakespeare being a child, do you? Shakespeare being seven? I never thought of it. I mean, he was seven at some point. He was in somebody's English class, wasn't he? How annoying would that be? (Laughter) "Must try harder." Being sent to bed by his dad, you know, to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now," to William Shakespeare, "and put the pencil down. And stop speaking like that. It's confusing everybody." (Laughter) Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles, and I just want to say a word about the transition, actually.

My son didn't want to come. I've got two kids. He's 21 now; my daughter's 16. He didn't want to come to Los Angeles. He loved it, but he had a girlfriend in England. This was the love of his life, Sarah. He'd known her for a month. Mind you, they'd had their fourth anniversary, because it's a long time when you're 16. Anyway, he was really upset on the plane, and he said, "I'll never find another girl like Sarah." And we were rather pleased about that, frankly, because she was the main reason we were leaving the country. (Laughter) But something strikes you when you move to America and when you travel around the world: Every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects.

Every one. Doesn't matter where you go. You'd think it would be otherwise, but it isn't. At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities, and the bottom are the arts. Everywhere on Earth. And in pretty much every system too, there's a hierarchy within the arts. Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools than drama and dance. There isn't an education system on the planet that teaches dance every day to children the way we teach them mathematics. Why? Why not? I think this is rather important. I think math is very important, but so is dance. Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do. We all have bodies, don't we? Did I miss a meeting? (Laughter) Truthfully, what happens is, as children grow up, we start to educate them progressively from the waist up. And then we focus on their heads. And slightly to one side. If you were to visit education, as an alien, and say "What's it for, public education?

I think you'd have to conclude -- if you look at the output, who really succeeds by this, who does everything that they should, who gets all the brownie points, who are the winners -- I think you'd have to conclude the whole purpose of public education throughout the world is to produce university professors. Isn't it? They're the people who come out the top. And I used to be one, so there. (Laughter) And I like university professors, but you know, we shouldn't hold them up as the high-water mark of all human achievement. They're just a form of life, another form of life. But they're rather curious, and I say this out of affection for them. There's something curious about professors in my experience -- not all of them, but typically -- they live in their heads. They live up there, and slightly to one side. They're disembodied, you know, in a kind of literal way. They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads, don't they? (Laughter) It's a way of getting their head to meetings. If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences, by the way, get yourself along to a residential conference of senior academics, and pop into the discotheque on the final night. (Laughter) And there you will see it -- grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat, waiting until it ends so they can go home and write a paper about it. Now our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability.

And there's a reason. The whole system was invented -- around the world, there were no public systems of education, really, before the 19th century. They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism. So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas. Number one, that the most useful subjects for work are at the top. So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school when you were a kid, things you liked, on the grounds that you would never get a job doing that. Is that right? Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician; don't do art, you won't be an artist. Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken. The whole world is engulfed in a revolution. And the second is academic ability, which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence, because the universities designed the system in their image. If you think of it, the whole system of public education around the world is a protracted process of university entrance. And the consequence is that many highly talented, brilliant, creative people think they're not, because the thing they were good at at school wasn't valued, or was actually stigmatized. And I think we can't afford to go on that way. In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO, more people worldwide will be graduating through education than since the beginning of history.

More people, and it's the combination of all the things we've talked about -- technology and its transformation effect on work, and demography and the huge explosion in population. Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything. Isn't that true? When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job. If you didn't have a job it's because you didn't want one. And I didn't want one, frankly. (Laughter) But now kids with degrees are often heading home to carry on playing video games, because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA, and now you need a PhD for the other. It's a process of academic inflation. And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet. We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence. We know three things about intelligence.

One, it's diverse. We think about the world in all the ways that we experience it. We think visually, we think in sound, we think kinesthetically. We think in abstract terms, we think in movement. Secondly, intelligence is dynamic. If you look at the interactions of a human brain, as we heard yesterday from a number of presentations, intelligence is wonderfully interactive. The brain isn't divided into compartments. In fact, creativity -- which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value -- more often than not comes about through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things. The brain is intentionally -- by the way, there's a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain called the corpus callosum.

It's thicker in women. Following off from Helen yesterday, I think this is probably why women are better at multi-tasking. Because you are, aren't you? There's a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life. If my wife is cooking a meal at home -- which is not often, thankfully. (Laughter) But you know, she's doing -- no, she's good at some things -- but if she's cooking, you know, she's dealing with people on the phone, she's talking to the kids, she's painting the ceiling, she's doing open-heart surgery over here. If I'm cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out, the phone's on the hook, if she comes in I get annoyed. I say, "Terry, please, I'm trying to fry an egg in here. Give me a break." (Laughter) Actually, you know that old philosophical thing, if a tree falls in the forest and nobody hears it, did it happen? Remember that old chestnut? I saw a great t-shirt really recently which said, "If a man speaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him, is he still wrong?" (Laughter) And the third thing about intelligence is, it's distinct.

I'm doing a new book at the moment called "Epiphany," which is based on a series of interviews with people about how they discovered their talent. I'm fascinated by how people got to be there. It's really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman who maybe most people have never heard of, she's called Gillian Lynne, have you heard of her? Some have. She's a choreographer and everybody knows her work. She did "Cats," and "Phantom of the Opera." She's wonderful. I used to be on the board of the Royal Ballet, in England, as you can see. Anyway, Gillian and I had lunch one day and I said, "Gillian, how'd you get to be a dancer?" And she said it was interesting, when she was at school, she was really hopeless. And the school, in the '30s, wrote to her parents and said, "We think Gillian has a learning disorder." She couldn't concentrate, she was fidgeting. I think now they'd say she had ADHD. Wouldn't you? But this was the 1930s, and ADHD hadn't been invented at this point. It wasn't an available condition. (Laughter) People weren't aware they could have that. Anyway, she went to see this specialist.

So, this oak-paneled room, and she was there with her mother, and she was led and sat on a chair at the end, and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes while this man talked to her mother about all the problems Gillian was having at school. And at the end of it -- because she was disturbing people, her homework was always late, and so on, little kid of eight -- in the end, the doctor went and sat next to Gillian and said, "Gillian, I've listened to all these things that your mother's told me, and I need to speak to her privately." He said, "Wait here, we'll be back, we won't be very long." and they went and left her. But as they went out the room, he turned on the radio that was sitting on his desk. And when they got out the room, he said to her mother, "Just stand and watch her." And the minute they left the room, she said, she was on her feet, moving to the music. And they watched for a few minutes and he turned to her mother and said, "Mrs. Lynne, Gillian isn't sick, she's a dancer. Take her to a dance school. I said, "What happened?

She said, "She did. I can't tell you how wonderful it was. We walked in this room and it was full of people like me. People who couldn't sit still. People who had to move to think." Who had to move to think. They did ballet, they did tap, they did jazz, they did modern, they did contemporary. She was eventually auditioned for the Royal Ballet School, she became a soloist, she had a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet. She eventually graduated from the Royal Ballet School and founded her own company -- the Gillian Lynne Dance Company -- met Andrew Lloyd Weber. She's been responsible for some of the most successful musical theater productions in history, she's given pleasure to millions, and she's a multi-millionaire. Somebody else might have put her on medication and told her to calm down. Now, I think ... (Applause) What I think it comes to is this: Al Gore spoke the other night about ecology, and the revolution that was triggered by Rachel Carson.

I believe our only hope for the future is to adopt a new conception of human ecology, one in which we start to reconstitute our conception of the richness of human capacity. Our education system has mined our minds in the way that we strip-mine the earth: for a particular commodity. And for the future, it won't serve us. We have to rethink the fundamental principles on which we're educating our children. There was a wonderful quote by Jonas Salk, who said, "If all the insects were to disappear from the earth, within 50 years all life on Earth would end. If all human beings disappeared from the earth, within 50 years all forms of life would flourish." And he's right. What TED celebrates is the gift of the human imagination.

We have to be careful now that we use this gift wisely, and that we avert some of the scenarios scenarios that we've talked about. And the only way we'll do it is by seeing our creative capacities for the richness they are, and seeing our children for the hope that they are. And our task is to educate their whole being, so they can face this future. By the way -- we may not see this future, but they will. And our job is to help them make something of it. Thank you very much.

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Ken Robinson says schools kill creativity Ken Robinson sagt, Schulen töten Kreativität Ο Ken Robinson λέει ότι τα σχολεία σκοτώνουν τη δημιουργικότητα Ken Robinson afirma que las escuelas matan la creatividad ケン・ロビンソン、学校が創造性を殺すと語る Ken Robinson diz que as escolas matam a criatividade 肯-罗宾逊说学校扼杀创造力

Good morning.

How are you? お元気ですか? It’s been great, hasn’t it? 素晴らしかったですよね? I’ve been blown away by the whole thing. 私はすべてに圧倒されました。 Eu fiquei impressionado com a coisa toda. In fact, I’m leaving. 実際、私は去ります。 Na verdade, estou indo embora. (Laughter) There have been three themes, haven’t there, running through the conference, which are relevant to what I want to talk about. (笑い)私が話したいことに関連する3つのテーマがありましたが、そこにはありませんでした。 One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity in all of the presentations that we’ve had and in all of the people here. 1つは、これまでに行ったすべてのプレゼンテーションとここにいるすべての人々における人間の創造性の並外れた証拠です。 Just the variety of it and the range of it. それの多様性とその範囲だけです。 Apenas a variedade e o alcance. The second is that it’s put us in a place where we have no idea what’s going to happen, in terms of the future. 二つ目は、将来的に何が起こるかわからない場所に私たちを置いてしまうことです。 No idea how this may play out. これがどのように機能するかわかりません。 Não faço ideia de como isso pode acontecer. I have an interest in education -- actually, what I find is everybody has an interest in education. 私は教育に興味があります。実際、私が見つけたのは、誰もが教育に興味を持っているということです。

Don’t you? ね? I find this very interesting. これはとても面白いと思います。 If you’re at a dinner party, and you say you work in education -- actually, you’re not often at dinner parties, frankly, if you work in education. あなたがディナーパーティーに参加していて、あなたが教育で働いていると言うなら、実際、あなたが教育で働いているなら、率直に言って、あなたはディナーパーティーに頻繁に参加していません。 Se você está em um jantar e diz que trabalha na educação - na verdade, não costuma frequentar jantares, francamente, se trabalha na educação. (Laughter) You’re not asked. (笑い)あなたは尋ねられません。 And you’re never asked back, curiously. そして、不思議なことに、あなたは決して返事を求められることはありません。 E você nunca é convidado de volta, curiosamente. That’s strange to me. それは私には奇妙です。 But if you are, and you say to somebody, you know, they say, "What do you do?" しかし、もしあなたが誰かに言うなら、あなたは知っています、彼らは「あなたは何をしますか?」と言います。 and you say you work in education, you can see the blood run from their face. そしてあなたはあなたが教育で働いていると言います、あなたは彼らの顔から血が流れるのを見ることができます。 e você diz que trabalha na educação, pode ver o sangue escorrer pelo rosto deles. They’re like, "Oh my God," you know, "Why me? 彼らは「ああ、なんてことだ」とか、「どうして私なの? My one night out all week." 一週間中一晩中」 Minha noite fora a semana toda. " (Laughter) But if you ask about their education, they pin you to the wall. (笑い)しかし、彼らの教育について尋ねると、彼らはあなたを壁に固定します。 (Risos) Mas se você perguntar sobre a educação deles, eles o prendem na parede. Because it’s one of those things that goes deep with people, am I right? それは人々に深く浸透するものの一つなので、私は正しいですか? Porque é uma daquelas coisas que se aprofunda nas pessoas, estou certo? Like religion, and money and other things. 宗教やお金などのように。 I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do. 私は教育に大きな関心を持っており、私たち全員がそうだと思います。 We have a huge vested interest in it, partly because it’s education that’s meant to take us into this future that we can’t grasp. 私たちが理解できないこの未来に私たちを連れて行くことを意図した教育であるという理由もあり、私たちはそれに大きな既得権益を持っています。 Mamy w tym ogromny interes, częściowo dlatego, że to edukacja ma nas zabrać w przyszłość, której nie jesteśmy w stanie pojąć. Temos um grande interesse nisso, em parte porque é a educação que nos leva a esse futuro que não podemos compreender. If you think of it, children starting school this year will be retiring in 2065. そういえば、今年から学校に通う子供たちは2065年に定年を迎えます。 Nobody has a clue -- despite all the expertise that’s been on parade for the past four days -- what the world will look like in five years' time. 過去4日間パレードされてきたすべての専門知識にもかかわらず、5年後に世界がどのようになるかについての手がかりは誰にもありません。 Ninguém tem idéia - apesar de toda a experiência que está em desfile nos últimos quatro dias - como será o mundo daqui a cinco anos. And yet we’re meant to be educating them for it. それでも、私たちはそれについて彼らを教育することを意図しています。 So the unpredictability, I think, is extraordinary. ですから、予測不可能性は並外れたものだと思います。 And the third part of this is that we’ve all agreed, nonetheless, on the really extraordinary capacities that children have -- their capacities for innovation. そして、これの3番目の部分は、それにもかかわらず、子供たちが持っている本当に並外れた能力、つまりイノベーションのための能力について、私たち全員が同意したということです。

I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel, wasn’t she? つまり、昨夜のシレナは驚異でしたね。 Quero dizer, Sirena na noite passada foi uma maravilha, não foi? Just seeing what she could do. 彼女が何ができるかを見ているだけです。 Apenas vendo o que ela poderia fazer. And she’s exceptional, but I think she’s not, so to speak, exceptional in the whole of childhood. そして彼女は並外れた存在ですが、いわば子供時代全体で並外れたものではないと思います。 What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication who found a talent. あなたが持っているのは、才能を見つけた並外れた献身的な人です。 And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents. ||argument|||||| そして私の主張は、すべての子供は途方もない才能を持っているということです。 E meu argumento é que todas as crianças têm um talento tremendo. And we squander them, pretty ruthlessly. ||waste them|||without mercy そして、私たちは彼らをかなり冷酷に浪費します。 E nós os desperdiçamos, sem piedade. So I want to talk about education and I want to talk about creativity. ですから私は教育について話したいし、創造性について話したいのです。 My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status. 私の主張は、創造性は今や教育において識字能力と同じくらい重要であり、私たちはそれを同じ地位で扱うべきであるということです。 Minha opinião é que a criatividade agora é tão importante na educação quanto a alfabetização, e devemos tratá-la com o mesmo status. (Applause) Thank you. (拍手)ありがとうございます。 That was it, by the way. ちなみにそれだけです。 Foi isso, a propósito. Thank you very much. どうもありがとうございました。 (Laughter) So, 15 minutes left. (笑い)それで、残り15分です。 Well, I was born ... no. さて、私は生まれました...いいえ。 (Laughter) I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it -- of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson. 最近、お絵かきのレッスンを受けていた少女の素晴らしい話を聞きました。それを話すのが大好きです。 Ouvi uma grande história recentemente - adoro contar - de uma garotinha que estava em uma aula de desenho.

She was six and she was at the back, drawing, and the teacher said this little girl hardly ever paid attention, and in this drawing lesson she did. |||||||||||||||||barely|||||||||| 彼女は6歳で、後ろに絵を描いていました。先生は、この小さな女の子はほとんど注意を払っていないと言いました。この絵のレッスンでは、彼女はそうしました。 Ela tinha seis anos e estava na parte de trás, desenhando, e a professora disse que essa menininha quase nunca prestava atenção, e nessa lição de desenho ela fez. The teacher was fascinated and she went over to her and she said, "What are you drawing?" 先生は魅了されて彼女のところに行き、「何を描いているの?」と言いました。 And the girl said, "I’m drawing a picture of God." そして少女は「私は神の絵を描いている」と言いました。 And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like." そして先生は「しかし、神がどのように見えるかは誰にも分かりません」と言いました。 And the girl said, "They will in a minute." そして少女は「彼らはすぐにそうするだろう」と言いました。 (Laughter) (笑い) When my son was four in England -- actually he was four everywhere, to be honest. 私の息子がイギリスで4歳だったとき、正直言って、彼はどこでも4歳でした。 Quando meu filho tinha quatro anos na Inglaterra - na verdade ele tinha quatro em todos os lugares, para ser sincero.

(Laughter) If we’re being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year. (笑い)私たちがそれについて厳しくしているなら、彼がどこへ行っても、彼はその年4歳でした。 He was in the Nativity play. 彼は降誕劇に参加していました。 Do you remember the story? その話を覚えていますか? No, it was big. いいえ、大きかったです。 It was a big story. それは大きな話でした。 Mel Gibson did the sequel. メルギブソンが続編をしました。 You may have seen it: "Nativity II." あなたはそれを見たかもしれません:「キリスト降誕II」。 But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about. しかし、ジェームズはジョセフの一部を手に入れました。 Mas James conseguiu o papel de Joseph, sobre o qual ficamos emocionados. We considered this to be one of the lead parts. これをリードパーツのひとつと考えました。 We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts: "James Robinson IS Joseph!" 「ジェームズ・ロビンソンはジョセフです!」というTシャツを着たエージェントでいっぱいの場所がありました。 Tínhamos o lugar cheio de agentes em camisetas: "James Robinson É Joseph!" (Laughter) He didn’t have to speak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in. (笑い)彼は話す必要はありませんでしたが、あなたは三人の王がどこに来るのか少し知っています。 They come in bearing gifts, and they bring gold, frankincense and myrhh. |||||||||frankincense||myrrh 彼らは贈り物を持ってやって来て、金、乳香、そしてミルをもたらします。 Eles vêm trazendo presentes e trazem ouro, incenso e mirra. This really happened. これは本当に起こりました。 We were sitting there and I think they just went out of sequence, because we talked to the little boy afterward and we said, "You OK with that?" 私たちはそこに座っていましたが、後で小さな男の子と話し、「大丈夫ですか?」と言ったので、順序が狂っただけだと思います。 And he said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?" それは間違っていましたか?」 They just switched, that was it. 彼らはちょうど切り替えました、それはそれでした。 Eles apenas mudaram, foi isso. Anyway, the three boys came in -- four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads -- and they put these boxes down, and the first boy said, "I bring you gold." とにかく、3人の男の子が入って来ました-頭にティータオルを持った4歳の子供-そして彼らはこれらの箱を置きました、そして最初の男の子は「私はあなたに金を持ってきます」と言いました。 And the second boy said, "I bring you myrhh." そして二番目の少年は「没薬を持ってきます」と言いました。 And the third boy said, "Frank sent this." そして三人目の少年は「フランクがこれを送った」と言った。 E o terceiro garoto disse: "Frank enviou isso". (Laughter) (笑い) What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance. これらの共通点は、子供たちがチャンスをつかむということです。 O que essas coisas têm em comum é que as crianças se arriscam.

If they don’t know, they’ll have a go. 彼らが知らないなら、彼らは行くでしょう。 Se eles não souberem, terão uma chance. Am I right? 私は正しいですか? They’re not frightened of being wrong. 彼らは間違っていることを恐れていません。 Now, I don’t mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative. さて、間違っていることは創造的であることと同じだと言うつもりはありません。 What we do know is, if you’re not prepared to be wrong, you’ll never come up with anything original. 私たちが知っていることは、あなたが間違っている準備ができていなければ、あなたは決してオリジナルのものを思い付くことはないということです。 If you’re not prepared to be wrong. And by the time they get to be adults, most kids have lost that capacity. そして、彼らが大人になるまでに、ほとんどの子供たちはその能力を失っています。 They have become frightened of being wrong. 彼らは間違っていることを恐れるようになりました。 Eles ficaram com medo de estar errados. And we run our companies like this, by the way. ちなみに、私たちはこのように会社を経営しています。 E dirigimos nossas empresas assim, a propósito. We stigmatize mistakes. |label negatively| 私たちは間違いを非難します。 Estigmatizamos erros. And we’re now running national education systems where mistakes are the worst thing you can make. そして私たちは今、間違いがあなたが犯すことができる最悪のことである全国的な教育システムを運営しています。 E agora estamos executando sistemas educacionais nacionais em que erros são a pior coisa que você pode cometer. And the result is that we are educating people out of their creative capacities. そしてその結果、私たちは人々を創造的な能力から教育しているのです。 Picasso once said this. ピカソはかつてこれを言った。 He said that all children are born artists. 彼はすべての子供たちが生まれながらの芸術家であると言いました。 The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up. 問題は、私たちが成長してもアーティストであり続けることです。 O problema é permanecer um artista à medida que crescemos. I believe this passionately, that we don’t grow into creativity, we grow out of it. 私たちはこれを情熱的に信じています。私たちは創造性に成長するのではなく、それから成長します。 Acredito nisso apaixonadamente, que não crescemos em criatividade, crescemos com isso. Or rather, we get educated out if it. むしろ、それがあれば私たちは教育を受けます。 So why is this? では、これはなぜですか? I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago. 私は約5年前までストラトフォードオンエイボンに住んでいました。

In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles. 実際、私たちはストラットフォードからロサンゼルスに引っ越しました。 So you can imagine what a seamless transition that was. だから、あなたはそれがどんなシームレスな移行であったか想像することができます。 Então você pode imaginar que transição foi perfeita. (Laughter) Actually, we lived in a place called Snitterfield, just outside Stratford, which is where Shakespeare’s father was born. (笑)実は、シェイクスピアの父が生まれたストラットフォードのすぐ外にあるスニターフィールドという場所に住んでいました。 (Risos) Na verdade, morávamos em um lugar chamado Snitterfield, nos arredores de Stratford, onde é onde nasceu o pai de Shakespeare. Are you struck by a new thought? あなたは新しい考えに心を打たれましたか? Você está impressionado com um novo pensamento? I was. You don’t think of Shakespeare having a father, do you? シェイクスピアに父親がいるとは思わないでしょう? Do you? Because you don’t think of Shakespeare being a child, do you? あなたはシェイクスピアが子供だとは思わないので、あなたはそうしますか? Porque você não acha que Shakespeare seja criança, não é? Shakespeare being seven? シェイクスピアは7歳ですか? I never thought of it. I mean, he was seven at some point. つまり、彼はある時点で7歳でした。 He was in somebody’s English class, wasn’t he? 彼は誰かの英語の授業にいましたね。 How annoying would that be? それはどれほど迷惑でしょうか? Quão chato isso seria? (Laughter) "Must try harder." (笑い)「もっと頑張らなきゃ」 (Risos) "Deve se esforçar mais." Being sent to bed by his dad, you know, to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now," to William Shakespeare, "and put the pencil down. 彼のお父さんからベッドに送られ、シェイクスピアに「今すぐ寝なさい」とウィリアム・シェイクスピアに送られ、鉛筆を置きます。 Sendo enviado para a cama pelo pai, sabe, para Shakespeare, "Vá para a cama agora", para William Shakespeare ", e coloque o lápis no chão. And stop speaking like that. そして、そのように話すのをやめなさい。 E pare de falar assim. It’s confusing everybody." みんな混乱している」と語った。 Está confundindo todo mundo. " (Laughter) Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles, and I just want to say a word about the transition, actually. とにかく、私たちはストラットフォードからロサンゼルスに引っ越しました、そして私は実際に移行について一言言いたいです。 Enfim, nos mudamos de Stratford para Los Angeles, e só quero dizer uma palavra sobre a transição.

My son didn’t want to come. I’ve got two kids. He’s 21 now; my daughter’s 16. He didn’t want to come to Los Angeles. He loved it, but he had a girlfriend in England. This was the love of his life, Sarah. Esse era o amor da vida dele, Sarah. He’d known her for a month. 彼は一ヶ月間彼女を知っていた。 Ele a conhecia há um mês. Mind you, they’d had their fourth anniversary, because it’s a long time when you’re 16. ちなみに、16歳になるのは久しぶりなので、4周年を迎えました。 Veja bem, eles tiveram o quarto aniversário, porque faz muito tempo que você tem 16 anos. Anyway, he was really upset on the plane, and he said, "I’ll never find another girl like Sarah." De qualquer forma, ele ficou muito chateado com o avião e disse: "Nunca vou encontrar outra garota como Sarah". And we were rather pleased about that, frankly, because she was the main reason we were leaving the country. 率直に言って、彼女が私たちが国を離れる主な理由だったので、私たちはそれについてかなり満足していました。 E ficamos bastante satisfeitos com isso, francamente, porque ela era a principal razão pela qual estávamos saindo do país. (Laughter) But something strikes you when you move to America and when you travel around the world: Every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects. しかし、アメリカに引っ越したり、世界中を旅したりすると、何かが思い浮かびます。地球上のすべての教育システムには、同じ科目の階層があります。 Mas algo lhe impressiona quando você se muda para a América e viaja ao redor do mundo: todo sistema educacional na Terra tem a mesma hierarquia de assuntos.

Every one. Doesn’t matter where you go. どこに行っても構いません。 You’d think it would be otherwise, but it isn’t. そうでなければそうなると思うかもしれませんが、そうではありません。 At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities, and the bottom are the arts. 一番上は数学と言語、次に人文科学、そして一番下は芸術です。 No topo estão a matemática e as línguas, depois as humanidades e o fundo estão as artes. Everywhere on Earth. And in pretty much every system too, there’s a hierarchy within the arts. そして、ほとんどすべてのシステムでも、芸術の中に階層があります。 Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools than drama and dance. 芸術と音楽は通常、演劇やダンスよりも学校で高い地位を与えられています。 Arte e música normalmente recebem um status mais alto nas escolas do que teatro e dança. There isn’t an education system on the planet that teaches dance every day to children the way we teach them mathematics. 私たちが数学を教える方法で子供たちに毎日ダンスを教える教育システムは地球上にありません。 Why? Why not? 何故なの? I think this is rather important. これはかなり重要だと思います。 Eu acho que isso é bastante importante. I think math is very important, but so is dance. 数学はとても重要だと思いますが、ダンスもそうです。 Children dance all the time if they’re allowed to, we all do. We all have bodies, don’t we? 私たちは皆体を持っていますね。 Did I miss a meeting? Perdi uma reunião? (Laughter) Truthfully, what happens is, as children grow up, we start to educate them progressively from the waist up. (笑)正直なところ、子供が成長するにつれて、私たちは腰から上に向かって徐々に子供たちを教育し始めます。 (Risos) Na verdade, o que acontece é que, à medida que as crianças crescem, começamos a educá-las progressivamente da cintura para cima. And then we focus on their heads. そして、私たちは彼らの頭に焦点を当てます。 E então nos concentramos em suas cabeças. And slightly to one side. If you were to visit education, as an alien, and say "What’s it for, public education? もしあなたが外国人として教育を訪れ、「公教育は何のためにあるのか?

I think you’d have to conclude -- if you look at the output, who really succeeds by this, who does everything that they should, who gets all the brownie points, who are the winners -- I think you’d have to conclude the whole purpose of public education throughout the world is to produce university professors. أعتقد أنه يتعين عليك أن تستنتج - إذا نظرت إلى الناتج، من الذي ينجح حقًا بهذا، ومن يفعل كل ما ينبغي عليه، ومن يحصل على جميع النقاط، ومن هم الفائزون - أعتقد أنه سيتعين عليك نخلص إلى أن الغرض الأساسي من التعليم العام في جميع أنحاء العالم هو إنتاج أساتذة جامعيين. 結論を出す必要があると思います-出力を見ると、誰がこれで本当に成功し、誰がすべきことをすべて行い、誰がすべてのブラウニーポイントを獲得し、誰が勝者であるか-私はあなたがしなければならないと思います世界中の公教育の全体的な目的は、大学教授を輩出することであると結論付けています。 Eu acho que você teria que concluir - se você olhar para a saída, quem realmente consegue isso, quem faz tudo o que deveria, quem recebe todos os pontos do brownie, quem são os vencedores - eu acho que você teria que concluir que todo o objetivo da educação pública em todo o mundo é produzir professores universitários. Isn’t it? They’re the people who come out the top. 彼らはトップに立つ人々です。 Eles são as pessoas que saem do topo. And I used to be one, so there. そして、私はかつて1人だったので、そこにいます。 E eu costumava ser um, então lá. (Laughter) And I like university professors, but you know, we shouldn’t hold them up as the high-water mark of all human achievement. (ضحك) وأنا أحب أساتذة الجامعات، لكن كما تعلمون، لا ينبغي لنا أن نعتبرهم العلامة العليا لكل الإنجازات البشرية. (笑い)そして私は大学の教授が好きです、しかしあなたが知っているように、私たちは彼らをすべての人間の業績の最高水準点として保持するべきではありません。 (Risos) E eu gosto de professores universitários, mas você sabe, não devemos considerá-los a marca d'água de toda conquista humana. They’re just a form of life, another form of life. それらは単なる生命の形態であり、別の生命の形態です。 But they’re rather curious, and I say this out of affection for them. しかし、彼らはかなり好奇心が強く、私はこれを彼らへの愛情から言っています。 There’s something curious about professors in my experience -- not all of them, but typically -- they live in their heads. 私の経験では、教授について何か不思議なことがあります-すべてではありませんが、通常は-彼らは頭の中で生きています。 They live up there, and slightly to one side. 彼らはそこに住んでいて、少し片側に住んでいます。 Eles moram lá em cima e um pouco para o lado. They’re disembodied, you know, in a kind of literal way. إنهم بلا جسد، كما تعلمون، بطريقة حرفية. それらは、文字通りの方法で、体現されていません。 They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads, don’t they? 彼らは自分の体を頭の移動手段と見なしていますね。 Eles encaram o corpo como uma forma de transporte para a cabeça, não é? (Laughter) It’s a way of getting their head to meetings. (笑い)それは彼らの頭を会議に導く方法です。 If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences, by the way, get yourself along to a residential conference of senior academics, and pop into the discotheque on the final night. ちなみに、体外離脱体験の本当の証拠が必要な場合は、上級学者の住宅会議に参加し、最後の夜にディスコに立ち寄ってください。 (Laughter) And there you will see it -- grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat, waiting until it ends so they can go home and write a paper about it. (笑い)そしてそこにあなたはそれを見るでしょう-彼らが家に帰ってそれについての論文を書くことができるようにそれが終わるまで待って、ビートから外れて、制御不能に身もだえしている成長した男性と女性。 (Risos) E aí você verá - homens e mulheres adultos se contorcendo incontrolavelmente, fora do ritmo, esperando até que termine para que possam ir para casa e escrever um artigo sobre isso. Now our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability. 現在、私たちの教育システムは、学力という考えに基づいています。 Agora, nosso sistema educacional se baseia na idéia de capacidade acadêmica.

And there’s a reason. そして、理由があります。 The whole system was invented -- around the world, there were no public systems of education, really, before the 19th century. システム全体が発明されました。19世紀以前には、世界中に公的な教育システムはありませんでした。 They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism. それらはすべて、工業化のニーズを満たすために生まれました。 Todos eles surgiram para atender às necessidades do industrialismo. So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas. したがって、階層は2つのアイデアに基づいています。 Portanto, a hierarquia está enraizada em duas idéias. Number one, that the most useful subjects for work are at the top. 第一に、仕事に最も役立つ科目が一番上にあるということです。 So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school when you were a kid, things you liked, on the grounds that you would never get a job doing that. |||||kindly||||||||||||||||||||||||| لذلك ربما تم إبعادك بلطف عن الأشياء في المدرسة عندما كنت طفلاً، والأشياء التي تحبها، على أساس أنك لن تحصل أبدًا على وظيفة للقيام بذلك. ですから、子供の頃、学校の物事、好きな物事から、それをする仕事を決して得られないという理由で、あなたはおそらく良心的に遠ざけられました。 Então você provavelmente se afastou benignamente das coisas da escola quando criança, das coisas que gostava, com o argumento de que nunca conseguiria um emprego fazendo isso. Is that right? そうですか? Don’t do music, you’re not going to be a musician; don’t do art, you won’t be an artist. 音楽をしないでください、あなたはミュージシャンになるつもりはありません。アートをしないでください、あなたはアーティストにはなりません。 Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken. نصيحة حميدة - الآن، مخطئة للغاية. 良心的なアドバイス-今、ひどく間違っています。 Conselho benigno - agora, profundamente enganado. The whole world is engulfed in a revolution. ||||immersed||| 全世界が革命に巻き込まれています。 O mundo inteiro está envolvido em uma revolução. And the second is academic ability, which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence, because the universities designed the system in their image. そして2つ目は、大学が自分たちのイメージでシステムを設計したため、私たちの知性の見方を実際に支配するようになった学力です。 If you think of it, the whole system of public education around the world is a protracted process of university entrance. إذا فكرت في الأمر، فإن نظام التعليم العام برمته في جميع أنحاء العالم هو عبارة عن عملية مطولة للالتحاق بالجامعة. あなたがそれを考えるならば、世界中の公教育のシステム全体は大学入学の長引くプロセスです。 Se você pensar bem, todo o sistema de educação pública em todo o mundo é um processo prolongado de ingresso na universidade. And the consequence is that many highly talented, brilliant, creative people think they’re not, because the thing they were good at at school wasn’t valued, or was actually stigmatized. その結果、多くの才能があり、才能があり、創造的な人々は、学校で得意だったことが評価されなかったか、実際に汚名を着せられたため、そうではないと考えています。 And I think we can’t afford to go on that way. そして、私たちはその道を進む余裕はないと思います。 E acho que não podemos dar ao luxo de seguir por esse caminho. In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO, more people worldwide will be graduating through education than since the beginning of history. ユネスコによると、今後30年間で、歴史が始まって以来、世界中でより多くの人々が教育を通じて卒業するでしょう。 Nos próximos 30 anos, segundo a UNESCO, mais pessoas em todo o mundo estarão se formando pela educação do que desde o início da história.

More people, and it’s the combination of all the things we’ve talked about -- technology and its transformation effect on work, and demography and the huge explosion in population. より多くの人々、そしてそれは私たちが話してきたすべてのことの組み合わせです-テクノロジーとその仕事への変革の影響、そして人口統計と人口の巨大な爆発。 Suddenly, degrees aren’t worth anything. 突然、学位は何の価値もありません。 De repente, os graus não valem nada. Isn’t that true? そうじゃない? When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job. 私が学生だった頃、学位があれば仕事がありました。 If you didn’t have a job it’s because you didn’t want one. あなたが仕事を持っていなかったのなら、それはあなたが仕事を望まなかったからです。 And I didn’t want one, frankly. 率直に言って、私はそれを望んでいませんでした。 (Laughter) But now kids with degrees are often heading home to carry on playing video games, because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA, and now you need a PhD for the other. ||||||||||||||||||||Master's degree|||||||Bachelor's degree||||||||| (笑い)しかし、前の仕事で学士号が必要なMAが必要で、もう一方の仕事で博士号が必要なため、学位を取得した子供たちはビデオゲームを続けるために家に帰ることがよくあります。 (Risos) Mas agora as crianças com diploma estão voltando para casa para continuar jogando videogame, porque você precisa de um mestrado onde o trabalho anterior exigia um diploma de bacharel e agora precisa de um doutorado para o outro. It’s a process of academic inflation. それは学術的インフレのプロセスです。 And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet. ويشير ذلك إلى أن هيكل التعليم بأكمله يتغير تحت أقدامنا. そしてそれは、教育の構造全体が私たちの足元に移っていることを示しています。 We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence. 私たちは知性の見方を根本的に再考する必要があります。 Precisamos repensar radicalmente nossa visão da inteligência. We know three things about intelligence. 私たちは知性について3つのことを知っています。

One, it’s diverse. 一つは、それは多様です。 We think about the world in all the ways that we experience it. 私たちは、私たちが経験するあらゆる方法で世界について考えます。 We think visually, we think in sound, we think kinesthetically. |||||||||through movement 私たちは視覚的に考え、音で考え、運動感覚的に考えます。 We think in abstract terms, we think in movement. 私たちは抽象的な言葉で考え、動きで考えます。 Secondly, intelligence is dynamic. 第二に、インテリジェンスは動的です。 If you look at the interactions of a human brain, as we heard yesterday from a number of presentations, intelligence is wonderfully interactive. ||||||||||||heard|||||||||| 昨日多くのプレゼンテーションから聞いたように、人間の脳の相互作用を見ると、知性は素晴らしくインタラクティブです。 The brain isn’t divided into compartments. |||segregated||sections 脳はコンパートメントに分割されていません。 O cérebro não está dividido em compartimentos. In fact, creativity -- which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value -- more often than not comes about through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things. في الواقع، الإبداع - الذي أعرفه على أنه عملية الحصول على أفكار أصلية ذات قيمة - يأتي في أغلب الأحيان من خلال تفاعل الطرق المنضبطة المختلفة لرؤية الأشياء. 実際、創造性(私が価値のある独創的なアイデアを持つプロセスとして定義する)は、多くの場合、物事を見るさまざまな分野の方法の相互作用によってもたらされます。 The brain is intentionally -- by the way, there’s a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain called the corpus callosum. 脳は意図的に作られています-ちなみに、脳梁と呼ばれる脳の2つの半分をつなぐ神経のシャフトがあります。

It’s thicker in women. 女性の方が厚いです。 É mais grosso nas mulheres. Following off from Helen yesterday, I think this is probably why women are better at multi-tasking. متابعة لما قالته هيلين بالأمس، أعتقد أن هذا ربما هو السبب الذي يجعل النساء أفضل في القيام بمهام متعددة. 昨日ヘレンに続いて、これがおそらく女性がマルチタスクに優れている理由だと思います。 Because you are, aren’t you? あなたがいるからですよね? There’s a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life. たくさんの研究がありますが、私はそれを私生活から知っています。 Há uma série de pesquisas, mas eu sei disso da minha vida pessoal. If my wife is cooking a meal at home -- which is not often, thankfully. 私の妻が家で食事を作っているなら、ありがたいことに、それはめったにありません。 Se minha esposa estiver cozinhando uma refeição em casa - o que não é frequente, felizmente. (Laughter) But you know, she’s doing -- no, she’s good at some things -- but if she’s cooking, you know, she’s dealing with people on the phone, she’s talking to the kids, she’s painting the ceiling, she’s doing open-heart surgery over here. (笑い)でも、彼女はやっています-いいえ、彼女はいくつかのことが得意です-しかし、彼女が料理をしているなら、あなたが知っている、彼女は電話で人々と話している、彼女は子供たちと話している、彼女は天井を描いている、彼女は開いている-ここの心臓手術。 (Risos) Mas você sabe que ela está fazendo - não, ela é boa em algumas coisas - mas se ela está cozinhando, você sabe, ela está lidando com pessoas ao telefone, ela está conversando com as crianças, ela está pintando o teto, ela está se abrindo cirurgia cardíaca aqui. If I’m cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out, the phone’s on the hook, if she comes in I get annoyed. 私が料理をしていると、ドアが閉まり、子供たちが外に出て、電話がかかってきます。彼女が入ってくると、私はイライラします。 Se estou cozinhando, a porta está fechada, as crianças estão desligadas, o telefone está no gancho, se ela entrar, fico irritado. I say, "Terry, please, I’m trying to fry an egg in here. 「テリー、お願い、ここで卵を炒めようとしています。 Give me a break." ちょっと休憩して」 Me dá um tempo." (Laughter) Actually, you know that old philosophical thing, if a tree falls in the forest and nobody hears it, did it happen? (笑)実は、森に木が落ちて誰にも聞こえないという古い哲学的なことが起こったのですか? (Risos) Na verdade, você sabe que aquela coisa filosófica antiga, se uma árvore cai na floresta e ninguém a ouve, aconteceu? Remember that old chestnut? هل تتذكر ذلك الكستناء القديم؟ その古い栗を覚えていますか? Lembra daquela velha castanha? I saw a great t-shirt really recently which said, "If a man speaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him, is he still wrong?" لقد رأيت مؤخرًا قميصًا رائعًا مكتوبًا عليه، "إذا كان الرجل يعبر عن رأيه في الغابة، ولم تسمعه أي امرأة، فهل لا يزال مخطئًا؟" 最近、「森の中で男性が頭を話し、女性が彼の声を聞いていないのに、彼はまだ間違っているのだろうか」と書かれた素晴らしいTシャツを見ました。 Vi recentemente uma ótima camiseta que dizia: "Se um homem fala o que pensa na floresta e nenhuma mulher o ouve, ele ainda está errado?" (Laughter) And the third thing about intelligence is, it’s distinct. そして、インテリジェンスについての3番目のことは、それが明確であるということです。

I’m doing a new book at the moment called "Epiphany," which is based on a series of interviews with people about how they discovered their talent. |||||||||Epiphany (1)|||||||||||||||| 現在、「エピファニー」という新しい本を書いています。これは、人々がどのようにして才能を発見したかについての一連のインタビューに基づいています。 I’m fascinated by how people got to be there. 私は人々がそこにたどり着いた方法に魅了されています。 It’s really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman who maybe most people have never heard of, she’s called Gillian Lynne, have you heard of her? それは、おそらくほとんどの人が聞いたことのない素晴らしい女性との会話によって本当に促されました。彼女はジリアン・リンと呼ばれています、あなたは彼女のことを聞いたことがありますか? É realmente motivado por uma conversa que tive com uma mulher maravilhosa que talvez a maioria das pessoas nunca ouviu falar, ela se chama Gillian Lynne, você já ouviu falar dela? Some have. Alguns tem. She’s a choreographer and everybody knows her work. ||dance creator||||| 彼女は振付師であり、誰もが彼女の作品を知っています。 Ela é coreógrafa e todo mundo conhece seu trabalho. She did "Cats," and "Phantom of the Opera." 彼女は「猫」と「オペラ座の怪人」をやりました。 She’s wonderful. 彼女は素晴らしいです。 I used to be on the board of the Royal Ballet, in England, as you can see. ご覧のとおり、私はかつてイギリスのロイヤルバレエ団の役員でした。 Anyway, Gillian and I had lunch one day and I said, "Gillian, how’d you get to be a dancer?" とにかく、ジリアンと私はある日昼食をとり、「ジリアン、どうやってダンサーになったの?」と言いました。 And she said it was interesting, when she was at school, she was really hopeless. そして、彼女はそれが面白いと言いました、彼女が学校にいたとき、彼女は本当に絶望的でした。 E ela disse que era interessante, quando ela estava na escola, ela era realmente sem esperança. And the school, in the '30s, wrote to her parents and said, "We think Gillian has a learning disorder." そして、学校は30年代に、彼女の両親に手紙を書き、「ジリアンには学習障害があると思います」と言いました。 She couldn’t concentrate, she was fidgeting. |||||restless movements 彼女は集中できず、そわそわしていた。 Ela não conseguia se concentrar, estava mexendo. I think now they’d say she had ADHD. 私は今彼らが彼女がADHDを持っていたと言うだろうと思います。 Eu acho que agora eles diriam que ela tinha TDAH. Wouldn’t you? ね。 Não é? But this was the 1930s, and ADHD hadn’t been invented at this point. |||||||||discovered||| しかし、これは1930年代であり、ADHDはこの時点では発明されていませんでした。 It wasn’t an available condition. それは利用可能な状態ではありませんでした。 (Laughter) People weren’t aware they could have that. (笑い)人々はそれができることに気づいていませんでした。 (Risos) As pessoas não estavam cientes de que poderiam ter isso. Anyway, she went to see this specialist. とにかく、彼女はこの専門家に会いに行きました。

So, this oak-paneled room, and she was there with her mother, and she was led and sat on a chair at the end, and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes while this man talked to her mother about all the problems Gillian was having at school. それで、このオーク材のパネルの部屋、そして彼女は母親と一緒にそこにいました、そして彼女は最後に導かれて椅子に座りました、そしてこの男がジリアンのすべての問題について母親に話している間、彼女は彼女の手に20分間座っていました学校で過ごしていた。 Então, esta sala com painéis de carvalho, e ela estava lá com sua mãe, e ela foi conduzida e sentou em uma cadeira no final, e ela ficou em suas mãos por 20 minutos, enquanto este homem conversava com sua mãe sobre todos os problemas que Gillian estava tendo na escola. And at the end of it -- because she was disturbing people, her homework was always late, and so on, little kid of eight -- in the end, the doctor went and sat next to Gillian and said, "Gillian, I’ve listened to all these things that your mother’s told me, and I need to speak to her privately." そして最後に、彼女は人々の邪魔をしていたので、宿題はいつも遅れていました。たとえば、8歳の小さな子供でしたが、結局、医者はジリアンの隣に行って座って、「ジリアン、私」と言いました。あなたのお母さんが私に言ったこれらすべてのことを聞いたので、私は彼女と個人的に話す必要があります。」 He said, "Wait here, we’ll be back, we won’t be very long." 彼は、「ここで待って、私たちは戻ってきます、私たちはそれほど長くはないでしょう」と言いました。 and they went and left her. そして彼らは行って彼女を去りました。 But as they went out the room, he turned on the radio that was sitting on his desk. しかし、彼らが部屋を出ると、彼は自分の机に座っていたラジオをつけた。 And when they got out the room, he said to her mother, "Just stand and watch her." そして、彼らが部屋を出ると、彼は母親に「ただ立って彼女を見なさい」と言いました。 E quando eles saíram da sala, ele disse à mãe: "Apenas fique de pé e observe-a". And the minute they left the room, she said, she was on her feet, moving to the music. そして、彼らが部屋を出た瞬間、彼女は立ち上がって音楽に移っていたと彼女は言った。 And they watched for a few minutes and he turned to her mother and said, "Mrs. Lynne, Gillian isn’t sick, she’s a dancer. そして彼らは数分間見守っていました、そして彼は彼女の母親の方を向いて言いました、「リン夫人、ジリアンは病気ではありません、彼女はダンサーです。 Take her to a dance school. 彼女をダンススクールに連れて行ってください。 I said, "What happened? 私は「どうしたの?

She said, "She did. 彼女は言った、「彼女はそうしました。 I can’t tell you how wonderful it was. どれほど素晴らしかったかは言えません。 We walked in this room and it was full of people like me. 私たちはこの部屋を歩いて、私のような人々でいっぱいでした。 People who couldn’t sit still. じっと座っていられなかった人。 Pessoas que não podiam ficar paradas. People who had to move to think." 考えるために移動しなければならなかった人々。」 Who had to move to think. 誰が考えに移動しなければならなかったのか。 They did ballet, they did tap, they did jazz, they did modern, they did contemporary. 彼らはバレエをし、タップし、ジャズをし、モダンをし、コンテンポラリーをしました。 Eles fizeram balé, tocaram, fizeram jazz, fizeram moderno, fizeram contemporâneo. She was eventually auditioned for the Royal Ballet School, she became a soloist, she had a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet. 彼女は最終的にロイヤルバレエ学校のオーディションを受け、ソリストになり、ロイヤルバレエで素晴らしいキャリアを積みました。 She eventually graduated from the Royal Ballet School and founded her own company -- the Gillian Lynne Dance Company -- met Andrew Lloyd Weber. 彼女は最終的にロイヤルバレエ学校を卒業し、彼女自身の会社を設立しました-ジリアンリンダンスカンパニー-アンドリューロイドウェーバーに会いました。 She’s been responsible for some of the most successful musical theater productions in history, she’s given pleasure to millions, and she’s a multi-millionaire. 彼女は歴史上最も成功したミュージカル劇場の制作のいくつかを担当しており、何百万人もの人々に喜びを与えており、数百万長者です。 Ela foi responsável por algumas das produções de teatro musical mais bem-sucedidas da história, deu prazer a milhões e é multimilionária. Somebody else might have put her on medication and told her to calm down. 他の誰かが彼女に薬を飲ませて落ち着くように言ったかもしれません。 Outra pessoa pode tê-la medicado e dito para ela se acalmar. Now, I think ... (Applause) What I think it comes to is this: Al Gore spoke the other night about ecology, and the revolution that was triggered by Rachel Carson. さて、私は思います...(拍手)私が思うのはこれです:アル・ゴアは先日、エコロジーとレイチェル・カーソンによって引き起こされた革命について話しました。 Agora, eu acho ... (Aplausos) O que eu acho que se trata é o seguinte: Al Gore falou outra noite sobre ecologia e a revolução que foi desencadeada por Rachel Carson.

I believe our only hope for the future is to adopt a new conception of human ecology, one in which we start to reconstitute our conception of the richness of human capacity. 私たちの将来への唯一の希望は、人間の生態学の新しい概念を採用することであると信じています。それは、人間の能力の豊かさの概念を再構成し始めるものです。 Our education system has mined our minds in the way that we strip-mine the earth: for a particular commodity. |||||||||||||||||||product 私たちの教育システムは、特定の商品のために、私たちが地球を露天掘りする方法で私たちの心を掘り起こしました。 Nosso sistema educacional minou nossas mentes da maneira que extraímos a terra: para uma mercadoria em particular. And for the future, it won’t serve us. そして将来的には、それは私たちに役立たないでしょう。 E para o futuro, não vai nos servir. We have to rethink the fundamental principles on which we’re educating our children. 私たちは子供たちを教育している基本原則を再考する必要があります。 There was a wonderful quote by Jonas Salk, who said, "If all the insects were to disappear from the earth, within 50 years all life on Earth would end. ジョナス・ソークによる素晴らしい引用がありました。「もしすべての昆虫が地球から消えるとしたら、50年以内に地球上のすべての生命は終わります。 Houve uma citação maravilhosa de Jonas Salk, que disse: "Se todos os insetos desaparecessem da Terra, dentro de 50 anos, toda a vida na Terra terminaria. If all human beings disappeared from the earth, within 50 years all forms of life would flourish." すべての人間が地球から姿を消した場合、50年以内にあらゆる形態の生命が繁栄するでしょう。」 Se todos os seres humanos desaparecessem da terra, dentro de 50 anos todas as formas de vida floresceriam. " And he’s right. そして彼は正しい。 What TED celebrates is the gift of the human imagination. TEDが祝うのは、人間の想像力の賜物です。 O que o TED celebra é o presente da imaginação humana.

We have to be careful now that we use this gift wisely, and that we avert some of the scenarios scenarios that we’ve talked about. このギフトを賢く使用し、これまでに説明したシナリオシナリオのいくつかを回避するように注意する必要があります。 And the only way we’ll do it is by seeing our creative capacities for the richness they are, and seeing our children for the hope that they are. そして、私たちがそれを行う唯一の方法は、彼らが豊かであるための私たちの創造的な能力を見て、彼らがそうであるという希望のために私たちの子供たちを見ることです。 E a única maneira de fazê-lo é vendo nossas capacidades criativas pela riqueza que são e vendo nossos filhos pela esperança de que são. And our task is to educate their whole being, so they can face this future. そして私たちの仕事は、彼らがこの未来に直面できるように、彼らの存在全体を教育することです。 E nossa tarefa é educar todo o seu ser, para que eles possam enfrentar esse futuro. By the way -- we may not see this future, but they will. ちなみに、私たちはこの未来を見ないかもしれませんが、彼らはそうするでしょう。 A propósito - podemos não ver esse futuro, mas eles verão. And our job is to help them make something of it. そして私たちの仕事は、彼らが何かを作るのを助けることです。 E nosso trabalho é ajudá-los a fazer algo disso. Thank you very much. どうもありがとうございました。