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Steve's Language Learning Tips, Don’t Study Phrasal Verbs and Collocations

Don't Study Phrasal Verbs and Collocations

And the number of these phrases and colocations and phrasal verbs

they're they're almost unlimited.

Hi there, Steve Kaufmann and today I wanna talk about collocations and phrasal verbs.

Uh, remember if you enjoy these videos, please subscribe, click

on the bell for notifications.

And if you follow me on a podcast service, please leave a comment.

So we often hear that the language, when we're trying to learn a language,

consists of not just individual words, but you know, chunks of, of words like

phrases, uh, that there are certain words that are typically always used

with other words and these are called collocations, like put to this...

in the same location, you know, that they combine with each other.

Certainly, uh, there's a whole, you know, industry, books and other

publications on the subject of phrasal verbs, uh, in English, you know, we get

sick, get on the bus, get with it, get going, all kind, uh, you know, take a

hike, you know, there's all kinds of phrases that go with certain verbs and

these are now called phrasal verbs.

So we have these terms: collocations, phrasal verbs.

This is not unique to English.

Uh, although reading some of these textbooks, you would think that it's

something unique to English that you have, uh, expressions phrases,

where certain words will naturally be combined with other words.

Uh, but this happens elsewhere.

I'm certainly seeing it in Persian.

Uh, and I think it happens in, in all languages.

There's this thing about words, it's, it's not only which words,

words like to be friends with, you know, colocate with, hang around

with, uh, there's also an issue of order, like in terms of adjectives.

It's amazing.

If, if I'm gonna say there is a new red expensive car, I'm

gonna say it in that order.

And I can almost anticipate, like, I'll just say it.

It's not an expensive new red car.

It might be, but typically there's a certain order.

Uh, and, and, and so the native speaker is gonna get it right most of the

time, but it's, it's not important.

You can jumble the order.

It's not so important.

What is though interesting in all of that is that these are habits in the

language, habits that we acquire.

And so, you know, whenever I have tried to learn set phrases, and they exist

in every language, even in even sort of express sayings like raining cats

and dogs or the equivalent in other languages, uh, I can never remember them

because they don't come up that often.

But for the native speaker, because the native speaker has humongous quantity of

exposure to the language words they have heard and read that they'll have come

across cats and dogs, raining cats and dogs often enough that they will naturally

use it when it's appropriate to use it.

The person who buys a book full of English expressions, even

if they can remember them, they probably won't use them correctly.

And so collocations, it's fine to have that as a term, but

there are certain expressions...

and I was just thinking about this, for example, in English we

say, as far as I know, far, as far as I know, doesn't make sense.

Why?

As near as I know, as far as I know, uh, you know, that expression could

have been as near as I know, because we can say as near as I can tell,

as far as I can tell, as far as I know, these are just expressions that

we kind of get used to, to using.

And it's interesting, the equivalence in other languages use a different imagery.

Uh, you know, in Japanese ... like within the limits of what I know ... or, um,

uh, again with the sub subjective or, um, somewhat similar in Russian ... uh,

what else have we got, uh, ... you know, in Chinese, again, it's different.

The problem is that if any speakers of those languages try to translate

from those expressions into English, the resulting expression will

sound funny: as much as I know.

No, no we say as far as I know, we don't say as much as I know,

or as many as I know from Russian.

As I know from Chinese or within the limits that I know from

Japanese, we just don't say that.

How do you get...

and, and the number of these phrases and collocations and phrasal verbs,

they're, they're almost unlimited so that, you know, first of all, the

idea that you could buy a dictionary of these and somehow learn them and

sprinkle your language with these i, I think is a little bit unrealistic.

If you already know them, if you have already come across them in different, um,

contexts and you then find a book which is full of these, and especially if it's, you

know, in the same language, so that you're kind of exposing yourself to the language

and reading up on useful expressions and staying in the language when you

are already at a fairly advanced level.

You know, I can see that as a, as being a useful exercise.

However, I think the, the only way, and this is a familiar theme with

me, the only way that you can become confident in using these is if you have

had enough exposure to the language.

This, by the way, also applies to slang.

It applies to swear words, which to my mind are taboo, uh, until you are

comfortable enough in the language that you can use them naturally and correctly.

It, it applies to, for example, in Chinese, they have ...which are these

sort of very literate sounding, uh, four character expressions that usually

have a reference to something in Chinese history or Chinese literature.

And if you use them, you sound very erudite, but I've never been able

to remember enough of them so that I could sprinkle them through my Chinese

conversation and, and sound like, uh, you know, and impress the Chinese speaker.

Um, so I, I think this whole idea that you can sort of zero in on

phrasal verbs, collocations and thereby enrich your language...

I think this might be possible when you are already fairly advanced

in the language and you're doing it out of interest and for fun and

with a realization that you won't remember much, you won't remember

many of these expressions, but it's fun, kind of reviewing them.

But at an earlier stage in the language, if you think you can sort

uh, leverage yourself up, ladder yourself up by focusing in on

phrasal verbs and, um, collocations.

I think you may be disappointed and I think that you're still

better off to continue to massively expose yourself to the language.

And you'd be surprised at how often these expressions that are almost

limitless show up in all the things that you're reading and listening to.

And so you'll, your brain will naturally get used to the fact that certain words

are used with certain other words.

So that's my take on collocations and phrasal verbs.

Uh, I hope you found that useful.

Thank you.

Bye for now.

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Don’t Study Phrasal Verbs and Collocations |||||搭配词 |||||collocations |||||word combinations |||||colocaciones |||||Nie ucz się fraz Phrasal Verbs und Kollokationen nicht studieren No estudie los verbos frasales y las colocaciones N'étudiez pas les verbes à particule et les collocations 句動詞とコロケーションを勉強しないでください 동사 및 구문 공부하지 않기 Nie ucz się czasowników frazowych i kolokacji Não Estudar Verbos e Colocações de Frasal Не изучайте фразовые глаголы и словосочетания 不要研究短语动词和搭配 不要研究短语动词和搭配 不要研究短語動詞和搭配 不要研究短語動詞和搭配

And the number of these phrases and colocations and phrasal verbs |||||||搭配词||| |||||||colocations||| |||||||Kollokationen||| |||||||kolokacje frazeologiczne||frazy czasownikowe| そして、これらのフレーズとコロケーションと句動詞の数 E o número destas frases e colocações e verbos de frases И количество этих фраз, словосочетаний и фразовых глаголов 以及这些短语、搭配和短语动词的数量 以及這些短語和搭配和短語動詞的數量

they're they're almost unlimited. they're they're almost unlimited. 彼らはほとんど無制限です。 são quase ilimitadas. они практически не ограничены. 他们几乎是无限的。

Hi there, Steve Kaufmann and today I wanna talk about collocations and phrasal verbs. ||||||||||kolokacje||| Hola, Steve Kaufmann y hoy quiero hablar sobre colocaciones y verbos frasales. こんにちは、Steve Kaufmann です。今日はコロケーションと句動詞についてお話したいと思います。 Olá, Steve Kaufmann e hoje quero falar sobre colocações e verbos de frases. Привет, Стив Кауфман, и сегодня я хочу поговорить о словосочетаниях и фразовых глаголах. 你好,Steve Kaufmann,今天我想谈谈搭配和短语动词。

Uh, remember if you enjoy these videos, please subscribe, click ええと、これらのビデオが気に入ったら、登録してクリックしてください。 Uh, lembre-se se gosta destes vídeos, por favor subscreva, clique Помните, если вам понравились эти видео, пожалуйста, подпишитесь, нажмите 嗯,记得如果你喜欢这些视频,请订阅,点击

on the bell for notifications. 通知用のベルに。 sobre o sino para notificações. на звонок для получения уведомлений. 在通知铃上。

And if you follow me on a podcast service, please leave a comment. また、ポッドキャスト サービスで私をフォローしている場合は、コメントを残してください。 E se me seguir num serviço de podcast, por favor deixe um comentário. И если вы следите за мной на сервисе подкастов, пожалуйста, оставьте комментарий. 如果您关注我的播客服务,请发表评论。

So we often hear that the language, when we're trying to learn a language, 言語を学ぼうとしているとき よく耳にするのは Assim, ouvimos muitas vezes que a língua, quando estamos a tentar aprender uma língua, Поэтому мы часто слышим, что язык, когда мы пытаемся выучить язык,

consists of not just individual words, but you know, chunks of, of words like |||||||||frases|||| |||||||||fragmenty słów|||| 個々の単語だけでなく、次のような単語のチャンクで構成されています consiste não apenas em palavras individuais, mas em pedaços de, palavras como состоит не только из отдельных слов, но и из целых кусков, таких как 不仅由单个词组成,而且你知道,大块的词,比如 不僅由單個詞組成,而且你知道,大塊,像這樣的詞

phrases, uh, that there are certain words that are typically always used フレーズ、ええと、通常常に使用される特定の単語があること frases, uh, que existem certas palavras que são tipicamente sempre utilizadas фразы, что есть определенные слова, которые обычно всегда используются 短语,呃,有些词通常总是被使用 短語,呃,有些詞通常總是被使用

with other words and these are called collocations, like put to this... |||||||Wortverbindungen|||| 言い換えれば、これらはコロケーションと呼ばれ、これに置くように... com outras palavras, e a isto chamam-se collocations, como se diz... с другими словами и называются коллокациями, например, put to this... 换句话说,这些被称为搭配,就像放在这个...

in the same location, you know, that they combine with each other. 同じ場所で、それらが互いに結合していることを知っています。 no mesmo local, sabe, que se combinam uns com os outros. в одном и том же месте, то есть они сочетаются друг с другом. 在同一个地方,你知道,它们相互结合。

Certainly, uh, there's a whole, you know, industry, books and other ||||entière|||||| 確かに、ええと、業界、本、その他の全体があります。 Certamente, uh, há toda uma indústria, livros e outros Конечно, есть целая индустрия, знаете ли, книг и прочего. 当然,呃,有一个整体,你知道,工业,书籍和其他 當然,呃,有一個整體,你知道,工業,書籍和其他

publications on the subject of phrasal verbs, uh, in English, you know, we get publikacje na temat|||||frazy czasownikowe|||||||| 句動詞を題材にした出版物、ええと、英語で、ご存知のように、 publicações sobre o tema dos verbos de frases, uh, em inglês, você sabe, nós recebemos публикации на тему фразовых глаголов, э-э, в английском языке, вы знаете, мы получаем 关于短语动词主题的出版物,呃,英语,你知道,我们得到

sick, get on the bus, get with it, get going, all kind, uh, you know, take a malade|||||||||||||||| enfermo, súbete al autobús, ve con él, ponte en marcha, todo tipo, eh, ya sabes, toma un 病気、バスに乗る、それを取得する、行く、すべての種類、ええと、あなたが知っている、取る doente, entre no autocarro, entre no autocarro, vá andando, todo o tipo, uh, você sabe, pegue um больной, садись в автобус, берись за дело, иди, все такое, ну, знаешь, возьми 生病了,上车,顺其自然,开始吧,一切都好,呃,你知道的,去

hike, you know, there's all kinds of phrases that go with certain verbs and hike||||||||||||| verbo||||||||||||| wędrówka piesza||||||||||||| ハイク、ご存知のように、特定の動詞と一緒に行くあらゆる種類のフレーズがあります。 caminhada, sabe, há todo o tipo de frases que combinam com certos verbos e В походе, знаете ли, есть всевозможные фразы, которые сочетаются с определенными глаголами и 远足,你知道,有各种各样的短语与某些动词搭配

these are now called phrasal verbs. ||||短语动词| これらは現在、句動詞と呼ばれています。 estes são agora chamados verbos frasais. 这些现在被称为短语动词。

So we have these terms: collocations, phrasal verbs. |||ces|||| したがって、コロケーション、句動詞という用語があります。 Assim, temos estes termos: collocations, phrasal verbs. 所以我们有这些术语:搭配、短语动词。 所以我們有這些術語:搭配,短語動詞。

This is not unique to English. Isto não é exclusivo do inglês. 这不是英语独有的。

Uh, although reading some of these textbooks, you would think that it's ええと、これらの教科書のいくつかを読んでも、あなたはそれが Uh, embora lendo alguns destes livros-texto, você pensaria que é Хотя, читая некоторые из этих учебников, можно подумать, что это 呃,虽然看了一些这些教科书,你会觉得是

something unique to English that you have, uh, expressions phrases, ||||||||Sure, here are some English expressions translated into Polish: 1. "Break a leg" - "Połamania nóg" 2. "Piece of cake" - "Bułka z masłem" 3. "Hit the hay" - "Iść spać" 4. "Spill the beans" - "Wygadać się" 5. "Under the weather" - "Niewyraźny"| あなたが持っている英語特有の何か、ええと、表現フレーズ、 algo exclusivo do inglês que tem, uh, frases de expressão, 你有一些独特的英语,呃,表达短语, 你有的英語特有的東西,呃,表達短語,

where certain words will naturally be combined with other words. ||||||połączone razem||| 特定の単語が自然に他の単語と組み合わされる場所。 onde certas palavras serão naturalmente combinadas com outras palavras. 其中某些词会自然地与其他词组合。

Uh, but this happens elsewhere. ||||en otro lugar ||||gdzie indziej ええと、しかし、これは他の場所で起こります。 Uh, mas isto acontece noutro lugar. 呃,但这发生在其他地方。

I'm certainly seeing it in Persian. |||||波斯语 私は確かにそれをペルシャ語で見ています。 Estou certamente a vê-lo em persa. 我当然在波斯语中看到它。

Uh, and I think it happens in, in all languages. ええと、それはすべての言語で起こると思います。 Uh, e penso que isso acontece em, em todas as línguas.

There's this thing about words, it's, it's not only which words, 言葉にはこんなことがあります それは言葉だけではなく Há esta coisa das palavras, não é só que palavras,

words like to be friends with, you know, colocate with, hang around ||||||||聚集||| ||||||||colocataire||| ||||||||colocate||| ||||||||przebywać z||spędzać czas z| 友達になりたい、一緒にいる、ぶらぶらするなどの言葉 palavras como ser amigo de, você sabe, colocar-se em contacto com, andar por aí слова, с которыми любят дружить, общаться, проводить время. 喜歡交朋友的詞,你知道的

with, uh, there's also an issue of order, like in terms of adjectives. ||||||||||||przymiotniki w kontekście えーと、形容詞のような順序の問題もあります。 com, uh, há também uma questão de ordem, como em termos de adjectivos. при этом возникает вопрос о порядке, например, прилагательных. 还有,呃,还有一个顺序问题,比如形容词。 嗯,還有一個順序問題,就像形容詞一樣。

It's amazing. |To niesamowite. すごい。 É espantoso.

If, if I'm gonna say there is a new red expensive car, I'm |||||||||rouge|cher|| 新しい赤い高価な車があるとしたら、私は Se, se vou dizer que há um carro novo, vermelho e caro, eu sou Если, если я хочу сказать, что есть новый красный дорогой автомобиль, то я

gonna say it in that order. |||||ordre vai dizê-lo por essa ordem. буду говорить в таком порядке. 会按这个顺序说

And I can almost anticipate, like, I'll just say it. ||||预见||||| ||||przewidzieć||||| そして、私はそれを言うだけのように、ほとんど予測できます。 E quase posso antecipar, tipo, vou apenas dizê-lo. 我几乎可以预见,就像,我会说出来。 我幾乎可以預料到,就像,我會說出來。

It's not an expensive new red car. 高価な赤い新車ではありません。 Não é um carro vermelho novo e caro. 这不是一辆昂贵的新红色汽车。

It might be, but typically there's a certain order. |||||||certain| そうかもしれませんが、通常は特定の順序があります。 Pode ser, mas normalmente há uma certa ordem. Возможно, но обычно существует определенный порядок. 可能是,但通常有一定的顺序。

Uh, and, and, and so the native speaker is gonna get it right most of the Uh, y, y, entonces el hablante nativo lo hará bien la mayor parte del tiempo ええと、そして、そして、そして、ネイティブスピーカーはほとんどのことを正しく理解するでしょう. Uh, e, e, e assim o falante nativo vai acertar a maior parte dos 呃,而且,所以说母语的人大部分时间都会说对

time, but it's, it's not important. 時間ですが、それは重要ではありません。 tempo, mas é, não é importante.

You can jumble the order. ||打乱|| ||mélanger|| ||mix up|| ||mezclar|| ||pomieszać|| Puedes mezclar el orden. 順番をごちゃ混ぜにすることができます。 É possível misturar a ordem. Можно изменить порядок. 你可以打乱顺序。

It's not so important. それほど重要ではありません。 Não é assim tão importante. 这不是那么重要。

What is though interesting in all of that is that these are habits in the ||||||||||||nawyki|| これらすべてにおいて興味深いのは、これらが人間の習慣であるということです。 O que é interessante em tudo isso é que estes são hábitos no Однако интересным во всем этом является то, что эти привычки в 有趣的是,这些都是人们的习惯 有趣的是,這些都是

language, habits that we acquire. 私たちが身につける言語、習慣。 linguagem, hábitos que adquirimos. язык, привычки, которые мы приобретаем.

And so, you know, whenever I have tried to learn set phrases, and they exist ||||||||||frases|||| そして、ご存知のように、定型句を学ぼうとすると、定型句が存在します。 E assim, sabem, sempre que tentei aprender frases fixas, e elas existem И поэтому, знаете, всякий раз, когда я пытался выучить набор фраз, а они существуют

in every language, even in even sort of express sayings like raining cats |||||||||powiedzenia||Pada deszcz| en todos los idiomas, incluso incluso en dichos expresos como lluvia de gatos あらゆる言語で、雨が降る猫のような明白な言葉でさえも em todas as línguas, até mesmo em ditos expressos como "gatos que chovem". во всех языках, даже в таких экспрессивных выражениях, как дождь из кошек 在每一種語言中,甚至在像雨貓這樣的表達方式中

and dogs or the equivalent in other languages, uh, I can never remember them ||||odpowiednik||||||||| そして犬、または他の言語での同等物、ええと、私はそれらを思い出せません e cães ou o equivalente em outras línguas, uh, nunca me consigo lembrar deles и собаки или эквивалент в других языках, эх, я никогда не могу вспомнить их 和狗或其他語言的同類,呃,我永遠記不住它們

because they don't come up that often. そんなに頻繁に来ないからです。 porque eles não aparecem com tanta frequência. потому что они возникают не так часто. 因為他們不經常出現。

But for the native speaker, because the native speaker has humongous quantity of ||||||||||巨大的|| ||||||||||une énorme|| ||||||||||enormous|| ||||||||||ogromną ilość|| しかし、ネイティブスピーカーにとっては、ネイティブスピーカーは膨大な量の Mas para o falante nativo, porque o falante nativo tem uma quantidade humilhante de Но для носителя языка, поскольку он обладает огромным количеством 但是对于母语者来说,因为母语者有大量的

exposure to the language words they have heard and read that they'll have come narażenie na język||||||||||||| 彼らが聞いたり読んだりしたことのある言語の単語にさらされる воздействие услышанных и прочитанных ими слов языка, которые они будут 接触他们听到和读到的语言单词

across cats and dogs, raining cats and dogs often enough that they will naturally 猫と犬の間で、自然に雨が降るのに十分な頻度で猫と犬を降らせます através de gatos e cães, chovendo gatos e cães com frequência suficiente para que naturalmente через кошек и собак, дождь идет достаточно часто, чтобы они естественным образом 跨越猫狗,经常下猫狗雨,他们自然会

use it when it's appropriate to use it. 使用するのが適切な場合に使用します。 utilizá-lo quando for apropriado. используйте его, когда это уместно. 该用的时候用。

The person who buys a book full of English expressions, even 英語表現だらけの本を買う人でも、 A pessoa que compra um livro cheio de expressões inglesas, mesmo 买一本满是英语表达的书的人,甚至

if they can remember them, they probably won't use them correctly. それらを覚えていれば、おそらく正しく使用しないでしょう。 se conseguirem lembrar-se deles, provavelmente não os utilizarão correctamente. 如果他们能记住它们,他们可能不会正确使用它们。

And so collocations, it's fine to have that as a term, but ||kolokacje|jest|||||||| コロケーション、用語としてそれを使用することは問題ありませんが、 E, portanto, colocações, é bom ter isso como termo, mas И поэтому коллокации - это хорошо, если это термин, но 所以搭配,把它作为一个术语很好,但是 所以搭配,可以把它當作一個術語,但是

there are certain expressions... という表現もありますが… há certas expressões... есть определенные выражения... 有一些表达... 有一些表達...

and I was just thinking about this, for example, in English we 私はちょうどこれについて考えていました。たとえば、英語で私たちは e eu estava a pensar nisto, por exemplo, em inglês, nós 我只是在想这个,例如,在英语中我们

say, as far as I know, far, as far as I know, doesn't make sense. |o ile wiem|||||o ile wiem|o ile wiem||||||| decir, que yo sepa, lejos, que yo sepa, no tiene sentido. 私の知る限り、私が知る限り、意味がありません。 digamos, tanto quanto sei, tanto quanto sei, não faz sentido. говорить, насколько я знаю, далеко, насколько я знаю, не имеет смысла. say, as far, as I know, far, as far, as far, as I know, 说不通。

Why? Porquê? 为什么?

As near as I know, as far as I know, uh, you know, that expression could O ile wiem||||||||||||||| Por lo que sé, por lo que sé, eh, ya sabes, esa expresión podría 私が知っている限り、私が知る限り、その表現は Tanto quanto sei, tanto quanto sei, essa expressão poderia Насколько я знаю, насколько я знаю, насколько я знаю, насколько я знаю, насколько я знаю, насколько я знаю, насколько я знаю, насколько я знаю, насколько я знаю, насколько я знаю, насколько я знаю, что это выражение может 据我所知,据我所知,呃,你知道,那个表情可以

have been as near as I know, because we can say as near as I can tell, |||||||||||tak blisko jak||||| han estado lo más cerca que sé, porque podemos decir lo más cerca que puedo decir, 私が知っている限り近くにいました。 têm estado tão perto como eu sei, porque podemos dizer tão perto como eu sei, 据我所知已经很近了,因为我们可以说就我所知, 就我所知道的那樣近,因為我們可以說盡可能近,

as far as I can tell, as far as I know, these are just expressions that 私が知る限り、これらは単なる表現です。 tanto quanto sei, pelo que sei, estas são apenas expressões que 据我所知,据我所知,这些只是表达

we kind of get used to, to using. 私たちはちょっと慣れて、使うことに慣れています。 a que nos habituamos, a usar. мы как бы привыкаем, используем. 我们有点习惯,习惯使用。

And it's interesting, the equivalence in other languages use a different imagery. ||||等价性|||||||意象 ||||équivalence|||||||imagerie ||||równoważność|||||||obrazy, wyobrażenia 興味深いことに、他の言語での同等性は異なるイメージを使用しています。 E é interessante, a equivalência em outras línguas utiliza uma imagem diferente. 有趣的是,其他语言中的等价使用了不同的意象。

Uh, you know, in Japanese ... like within the limits of what I know ... or, um, ええと、日本語で...私が知っている範囲内で...または、ええと、 Uh, sabe, em japonês ... como dentro dos limites do que eu sei ... ou, um, 呃,你知道,用日语……就像在我所知道的范围内……或者,嗯, 呃,你知道,在日語中......就像在我所知道的範圍內......或者,嗯,

uh, again with the sub subjective or, um, somewhat similar in Russian ... uh, |||||subiektywny|||nieco|||| ええと、再びサブ主観的または、ええと、ロシア語でいくらか似ています...ええと、 uh, novamente com o subjetivo ou, um, um pouco semelhante em russo ... uh, 呃,又是次主观的,或者,嗯,在俄语中有点相似……呃, 呃,又是次主觀的,或者,嗯,在俄語中有點相似......呃,

what else have we got, uh, ... you know, in Chinese, again, it's different. 他に何がありますか、ええと... ご存知のように、中国語では、これも異なります。 o que mais temos, uh, ... sabe, em chinês, mais uma vez, é diferente. 我们还有什么,呃,...你知道,中文又是不同的。

The problem is that if any speakers of those languages try to translate 問題は、これらの言語の話者が翻訳しようとすると O problema é que se algum falante dessas línguas tentar traduzir 问题是如果说这些语言的任何人试图翻译

from those expressions into English, the resulting expression will ||||||résultante|| ||||||resultante|| これらの表現を英語に変換すると、結果の表現は次のようになります。 a partir dessas expressões para inglês, a expressão resultante 从这些表达式转换成英语,得到的表达式将 從這些表達式轉換成英文,得到的表達式將

sound funny: as much as I know. ||tak jak|||| Suena divertido: tanto como yo sé. 変に聞こえます:私が知っている限り。 soa engraçado: tanto quanto eu sei. 听起来很有趣:据我所知。

No, no we say as far as I know, we don't say as much as I know, いいえ、いいえ、私は知っている限りでは言いますが、私が知っている限りでは言いません。 Não, não dizemos, tanto quanto eu sei, não dizemos tanto quanto eu sei, 不,不,我们就我所知说,我们不说我所知道的,

or as many as I know from Russian. または私がロシア語で知っている限り。 或我从俄语中知道的一样多。

As I know from Chinese or within the limits that I know from 私が中国人から知っているように、または私が知っている範囲内で Como sei de chinês ou dentro dos limites que sei de Как я знаю из китайского языка или в тех пределах, которые мне известны из 据我所知从中文或在我所知道的范围内

Japanese, we just don't say that. 日本人、私たちはそうは言いません。 Japonês, simplesmente não dizemos isso. 日本人,我们只是不这么说。

How do you get... どうやって手に入れたの... Como é que se consegue... 你怎么获得...

and, and the number of these phrases and collocations and phrasal verbs, |||||ces|||collocations||| そして、これらのフレーズとコロケーションと句動詞の数、 e, e o número destas frases e colocações e verbos de frases, 并且,以及这些短语和搭配以及短语动词的数量,

they're, they're almost unlimited so that, you know, first of all, the ほとんど無制限なので、まず第一に、 são, são quase ilimitadas, de modo que, antes de mais nada, os они, они практически неограниченны, так что, во-первых, вы знаете, что 他们是,他们几乎是无限的,所以,你知道,首先,

idea that you could buy a dictionary of these and somehow learn them and ||||||||||d'une manière ou d'une autre||| これらの辞書を購入して、どうにかしてそれらを学び、 ideia de que se poderia comprar um dicionário destes e de alguma forma aprendê-los e 想法你可以买一本这些的字典并以某种方式学习它们并且

sprinkle your language with these i, I think is a little bit unrealistic. 在你的语言中|||||||||||| saupoudrer|||||||||||| add a bit|||||||||||| posypać||||||||||||nierealistyczne あなたの言語にこれらの i を振りかけるのは、少し非現実的だと思います。 polvilhe a sua língua com estes i, penso que é um pouco irrealista. посыпать свой язык этими "i", мне кажется, несколько нереально. 在你的语言中撒上这些我,我觉得有点不切实际。 用這些 i 灑你的語言,我覺得有點不切實際。

If you already know them, if you have already come across them in different, um, あなたがそれらをすでに知っているなら、あなたがすでに別の場所でそれらに出くわしているなら、ええと、 Se já os conhece, se já se deparou com eles em diferentes, um, Если вы их уже знаете, если вы уже сталкивались с ними в разных.., 如果你已经认识他们,如果你已经以不同的方式遇到过他们,嗯,

contexts and you then find a book which is full of these, and especially if it's, you |||||||||||ceux-ci||||| contextos e depois encontrará um livro cheio destes, e especialmente se for, você 上下文然后你会找到一本充满这些的书,特别是如果它是,你

know, in the same language, so that you're kind of exposing yourself to the language ||||||||||wystawiając się|||| saber, na mesma língua, para que se exponha à língua на том же языке, так что вы как бы приобщаете себя к языку

and reading up on useful expressions and staying in the language when you e a leitura de expressões úteis e a permanência na língua quando и читать полезные выражения, а также оставаться в языке, когда вы

are already at a fairly advanced level. ||||dość|| já se encontram a um nível bastante avançado. уже находятся на достаточно высоком уровне.

You know, I can see that as a, as being a useful exercise. ご存知のように、それは有用な演習であることがわかります。 Posso ver isso como um, como sendo um exercício útil. Вы знаете, я вижу, что это полезное упражнение.

However, I think the, the only way, and this is a familiar theme with No entanto, penso que a única forma, e este é um tema familiar com

me, the only way that you can become confident in using these is if you have ||||||||pewny siebie||||||| a mim, a única forma de se tornar confiante na sua utilização é se tiver

had enough exposure to the language. teve exposição suficiente à língua. достаточно хорошо владеют языком.

This, by the way, also applies to slang. |||||||żargon/slang Isto, a propósito, também se aplica às gírias. 順便說一句,這也適用於俚語。

It applies to swear words, which to my mind are taboo, uh, until you are ||||||||||禁忌的|||| |||jurer||||||||||| ||||||||||zakazane słowa|||| Se aplica a las malas palabras, que en mi opinión son tabú, eh, hasta que estés Aplica-se a palavrões, que na minha mente são tabu, uh, até que você esteja 它適用於髒話,在我看來這是禁忌,呃,直到你

comfortable enough in the language that you can use them naturally and correctly. suficientemente confortável na língua para que os possa utilizar de forma natural e correcta.

It, it applies to, for example, in Chinese, they have ...which are these Aplica-se, por exemplo, em chinês, têm ...que são estes 它,它適用於,例如,在中文中,他們有……這些是

sort of very literate sounding, uh, four character expressions that usually |||littéraire||||||| |||culto||||||| |||literacki||||||| una especie de sonido muy alfabetizado, eh, expresiones de cuatro caracteres que generalmente uma espécie de sonorização muito literária, uh, quatro expressões de caracteres que normalmente 聽起來很有文采,呃,通常是四個字符的表達方式

have a reference to something in Chinese history or Chinese literature. têm uma referência a algo da história ou literatura chinesa.

And if you use them, you sound very erudite, but I've never been able ||||||||博学||||| ||||||||érudite||||| ||||||||knowledgeable||||| ||||||||erudycyjny||||| E se os usar, parece muito erudito, mas eu nunca fui capaz

to remember enough of them so that I could sprinkle them through my Chinese |||||||||点缀|||| |||||||||esparcir|||| |||||||||wplatać|||| para me lembrar o suficiente deles para os poder aspergir através dos meus chineses 記住足夠多的東西,這樣我就可以把它們灑在我的中文裡

conversation and, and sound like, uh, you know, and impress the Chinese speaker. |||||||||impressionner||| |||||||||zaimponować||| conversa e, e soar como, uh, você sabe, e impressionar o falante chinês.

Um, so I, I think this whole idea that you can sort of zero in on ||||||||ten pomysł|ty|możesz||||| ええと、私は、あなたがある種のゼロにできるというこの全体の考えを思います Hum, então eu, eu penso que toda esta ideia de que se pode chegar a zero em

phrasal verbs, collocations and thereby enrich your language... |||||wzbogacić|| verbos frasais, colocações e assim enriquecer a sua língua.

I think this might be possible when you are already fairly advanced |||pourrait||possible|||||| ||||||||||dość| Penso que isto pode ser possível quando já se está bastante avançado

in the language and you're doing it out of interest and for fun and |||||||z powodu|||||| na língua e está a fazê-lo por interesse e por diversão e

with a realization that you won't remember much, you won't remember ||uświadomienie sobie|||||||| com uma percepção de que não se lembrará de muito, não se lembrará

many of these expressions, but it's fun, kind of reviewing them. |||||||rodzaj||| muitas destas expressões, mas é divertido, tipo de revisão.

But at an earlier stage in the language, if you think you can sort Mas, numa fase anterior da língua, se pensa que pode classificar

uh, leverage yourself up, ladder yourself up by focusing in on |利用|||梯子|||||| |exploiter||||||||| |use||||||||| |aprovecha||||||||| |wykorzystać się|||wspinać się po drabinie|||||| uh, alavanque-se, suba a escada, concentrando-se em 呃,利用自己,通過專注於提升自己

phrasal verbs and, um, collocations. verbos de frases e, um, colocações.

I think you may be disappointed and I think that you're still |||||déçu|||||| Penso que pode ficar desapontado e penso que ainda está

better off to continue to massively expose yourself to the language. |||||masowo||||| é melhor continuar a expor-se maciçamente à língua.

And you'd be surprised at how often these expressions that are almost E ficaria surpreendido com a frequência com que estas expressões que são quase

limitless show up in all the things that you're reading and listening to. illimité|||||||||||| nieograniczony|||||||||||| aparecer sem limites em todas as coisas que está a ler e a ouvir.

And so you'll, your brain will naturally get used to the fact that certain words E assim, o seu cérebro habituar-se-á naturalmente ao facto de certas palavras

are used with certain other words. são utilizados com certas outras palavras.

So that's my take on collocations and phrasal verbs. |||avis||les collocations||| Więc|||||||| Por isso, é essa a minha tomada de colocações e verbos de frases.

Uh, I hope you found that useful. Espero que tenha achado isso útil.

Thank you. Obrigado.

Bye for now. Adeus, por agora.