×

Ми використовуємо файли cookie, щоб зробити LingQ кращим. Відвідавши сайт, Ви погоджуєтесь з нашими правилами обробки файлів «cookie».

image

Steve's Language Learning Tips, Is It Hard to Learn Japanese?

Is It Hard to Learn Japanese?

Hi there, Steve Kaufmann here and today, I want to talk about Japanese, learning Japanese. How hard is Japanese? Uh, remember if you enjoy these videos, please, uh, you know, subscribe, you can click on the bell here to get notifications. So you may be aware that the American Foreign Service Institute,

and I'm going to put a link to it here in the description box, has put out their evaluation of how difficult a different languages are based on, you know, how many hours of classroom instruction are required to achieve a certain level or fluency or whatever. Uh, I think these, uh, these studies, these comparisons are definitely interesting.

They have a lot of experience watching people in the classroom. I always feel that what's more important than the classroom is the motivation of the learner. So, and very often this means what the learner does outside the classroom is more important than what the learner does in the classroom. So how difficult are these languages?

Obviously the number one factor is how motivated you are. Uh, also another objective fact is, the more language is different from your own the more difficult it's going to be. You have to get used to new structures. You have to acquire a lot of new vocabulary where there's relatively little connection to vocabulary that you have for your own, from your own language.

But I would say that so Japanese is simply in terms of the vocabulary, the structure being very different from say English, if you're an English speaker, is going to be more difficult. However, there are a number of things that make Japanese easier, in my opinion. Um, and you know, when I learned Japanese, I'll tell you I have here.

I just went through my ..Japanese collection and I found, I mean, I have so many different dictionaries that I used because I was looking for dictionaries that were more convenient that were maybe based on a Romanized, uh, you know, look up system rather than basing it on Japanese, uh, alphabet or whatever. And I mean, I did a lot of looking stuff up because I... Here's another one too.

I had to do so much reading. And in those days, you know, back in the early seventies, there wasn't quite as much listening material available. It was hard work. Today with the internet accessing content on the internet, uh, using LingQ, for example, Where you can either use our mini stories, uh, where you can immediately look words up with an online dictionary.

It is easier. Now I will confess that with Asian languages or, I shouldn't say Asian languages, but specifically with Japanese and Chinese, we do have an issue because it's not obvious what constitutes a word. Because if a number of symbols come together to form a word, so where do you split? Where is this...

the boundaries between words? So we rely on different algorithms and they're not perfect. Nevertheless, even though not perfect because as we often say, perfection is the, is the enemy of the good, right? The perfect is the enemy of the good, it's still very effective. So it's easier to do than when I did, but

the, the immediate obstacles with Japanese are number one, there are three writing systems. It's the only language I know of where there's more than one writing system in common use. So they have, first of all, the Chinese characters, which was the first writing system they had, and then they have the hiragana, which is basically, it began as a system of using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds.

And apparently there were a variety of versions. Different characters were used in different parts of the country to try and represent the sounds. Because of course the Chinese character is a pictogram it represents meaning, but there is also sound attached to that character. So that was initially used.

And this evolved into hiragana, which is the most widely used phonetic script in Japanese. So You have the Kanji to Chinese characters, which are used, you have the hiragana, which is the most commonly used. But then you also have Katakana, which parallels the hiragana and it's used for, uh, you know, sort of words that are just sort of sounds: crash, bang or for foreign words.

And personally, I found the Katakana very hard because you don't see much of it. So remember in learning any new writing system, It's not whether that writing system is intrinsically hard or difficult, it's how long is it going to take for your brain to get used to that writing system? So if you know, in Japanese 90% of the words or more are written in hiragana , then you're doing most of your reading

in hiragana and in Kanji, in Chinese characters, and you're not doing very much reading in Katakana. So I always found the katakana a bit of a, you know, an obstacle. But so, so the writing system is a problem. Uh, problem meaning you have to put the time in, you have to do... see everything boils down to rating and listening.

The more you read and listen, and particularly read, the more you read, the more your brain gets used to that writing system, the easier it becomes. So I began by doing a lot of reading in hiragana. Because I had Kanji from Chinese, I needed to get used to the hiragana. So I did a lot of reading in just hiragana.

There was a series that are called the Naganuma books, and I just read them all the time. Stories about, you know, folktales from Japan. Wasn't very interesting, but just to get my brain used to it. All right. Several things make Japanese, first of all, more difficult, it's more difficult because it's structured differently.

But it is easier in the sense that it's more forgiving. And what I mean by that is like, I have no idea or very little idea of the sort of grammatical explanations of Japanese, because it's kind of... Japanese to me is like, you know, an old suit that you get used to wearing and after a while you feel comfortable in the suit because you wear it all the time. It's not...

it, the rules are not like... it's harder. It's been like Chinese in that sense. It's harder to really, there are a fewer things to trip you up. So when I think of a truly difficult language or languages, I think of languages where you have, you know, declensions and conjugations or you have gender. So if you use the wrong gender in French or Spanish, it's kind of a bit of a clanger, you hear that.

Uh, if you use the wrong case endings, uh, I don't know. I'm not a native speaker, but certainly I'm quite sensitive, uh, in, in French to hearing someone use the wrong, uh, you know, gender. Although I do it myself, it's unavoidable. It's just impossible to go from a language where you don't have gender and then,

you know, not make mistakes with nouns in languages where they have gender. But in Japanese, there's no gender for the nouns. There's not even singular and plural. So, you know, book is book. Book on the table. Uh, so to my mind that is much more forgiving. Uh, even in terms of their verbs, there's sort of a simple and a more

formal form of every verb. So you have "iku" and "ikimasu", but you can interchange them. So it doesn't really matter. You can sometimes... probably if you're going to interchange you, you err on the side of the slightly more formal, but you can say "iku", "ikimasu".

I never worry about it. I never spend a second thinking about whether "iku" or "ikimasu" is formal. You get caught up in the mood of the discussion. The, the, the sense of what's appropriate. It starts... you start to feel after a while, which word you should be using. You're hearing the people you're talking to use certain forms of the words so you're going to pick up on that.

The very formal, the very polite is more difficult. But you're not expected to use that until you reach a stage where using that becomes natural. That was my experience. I stuck with my "iku", "ikimasu" and at some point "mairimasu", "irashaimasu", whatever started to creep into my usage. These very formal, you know, when you're speaking to someone more senior to you or, and I wouldn't use the word, the forms for someone who is junior to me, I just wouldn't do that as a non-native speaker.

So to my mind, those are things that you evolve into. Uh, some people, um, you know, find it strange that the verb comes at the end, but again, through enough exposure, you get used to that. Uh, so there are less obvious to my mind, and I could be corrected or maybe people will come back at me, but, uh, there are few obvious grammatical mistakes that you can make.

A lot of the language is I wouldn't say vague, but you know, for example, verb tenses, you know, it's, it's you, if you say yesterday, today or tomorrow that determines the tense. So, uh, "ashita iku?" Are you going tomorrow? "Ashita iku?" "Ashita" is tomorrow. "Ashita iku?" "Ashita ikimasuka? " "Ikimasu" "Ikimasuka?" The "ka" is a sort of an interrogative at the end.

All of these things are flexible and you kind of get used to being around people who use the language of certain way and you sort of pick up on it. That's been my experience. Some people find the particles difficult. So by particle, I mean, in Japanese, you go, "watakushi" or "watashi" like when I lived in Japan, I used to always say "watakushi". Now apparently no one says that they say "watashi".

"I" "watashi". "watashi wa..." "watashi ga..."l... "watashi ga..." I have to admit, I don't really know the difference. And you know, I pray presumably in a conversation I'll tend to use one or the other for some reason. And I don't know a what, but it doesn't, you know, prevent proper communication in the language.

Uh, the particles, for example, that indicate, you know, you're going to the, you know, the direct object, so "kore wo..." like, this is the direct job, "anata ni..." so the, you have these sort of direction particles that determine the, the part of speech here. So, uh, you know, the "wo" makes it a direct object "ni" makes it an indirect, like to someone. "kara" is from someone.

And these show up after nouns, uh, and it helps to indicate who is doing what to whom. And you can read an explanation of it, but ultimately you have to get used to doing it. It's not tremendously complicated. There aren't an unlimited number of these particles. Similarly there are words, or at least,

uh, portions, uh, of verbs that attach to the end of verbs, uh, which imply meaning or purpose or reason or whatever, uh, you know, a conditional " iku nara" uh, " iku naraba". And there's often more than one way of saying things. And here again, it's... I find it's a very flexible forgiving language, which like with most languages, it's just a matter of putting in enough time.

So I can, well believe that Japanese takes more time to learn than say Spanish because the structure is very different. Uh Vocabulary, there's very little common vocabulary. There are lone words from English. Sometimes you don't even recognize them. Um, but it's just a matter of putting in the time. And, uh, so I do have,

uh, you know, I have lots of books that I bought in Japanese, including um Japanese sake, The Insider's Guide to Sake, same book in Japanese, but, uh, I bought a small Japanese grammar book, but I find reading through it I just get confused. uUh, I did by just a curiosity the Living Language, Japanese language course, but here again, it's all in Romaji in, in, uh, you know, the Latin alphabet.

And, um, lots of exercises. I didn't find that useful. I just think you have to start in, uh, using things like the mini stories at LingQ. Uh, simple stories. I used to read Naganuma and listened to it I believe. I can't remember. It's almost 50 years ago. Um, and just allow the language to come in you, come into you and occasionally look things up.

Certainly look words up. Uh, and that's how you, uh, you gradually get used to it. So it's not more difficult, but it can take longer. So basically that's what I wanted to say on, uh, uh, Japanese. And, uh, if you poke around here, uh, you can find a number of videos that I have made, uh, talking about Japanese, or speaking in Japanese,

if that is of interest to you. Just go and search here on my YouTube channel. Okay. That's what I wanted to say. Thank you for listening. Bye for now.

Learn languages from TV shows, movies, news, articles and more! Try LingQ for FREE

Is It Hard to Learn Japanese? Ist es schwer, Japanisch zu lernen? ¿Es difícil aprender japonés? Est-il difficile d'apprendre le japonais ? È difficile imparare il giapponese? 日本語を学ぶのは難しいですか? 일본어를 배우기가 어렵나요? Ar sunku mokytis japonų kalbos? Czy trudno jest nauczyć się japońskiego? É difícil aprender japonês? Трудно ли выучить японский язык? Är det svårt att lära sig japanska? Japonca Öğrenmek Zor mu? 日语难学吗? 日語難學嗎?

Hi there, Steve Kaufmann here and today, I want to talk about Japanese, learning Japanese. Hola, Steve Kaufmann aquí y hoy, quiero hablar sobre japonés, aprender japonés. こんにちは、スティーブ・カウフマンです。今日は日本語について話し、日本語を学びたいと思います。 How hard is Japanese? combien||| Uh, remember if you enjoy these videos, please, uh, you know, subscribe, you can click on the bell here to get notifications. |覚えておいて|||||||あの||||||||||||| So you may be aware that the American Foreign Service Institute, ||||au courant|||||| ||||||||||외교 서비스 연구소 ||||||||zunanja|| ご存じかもしれませんが、アメリカ外務省は、 Então você pode estar ciente de que o Instituto de Serviço Exterior Americano, 你可能知道,美国外交服务协会,

and I'm going to put a link to it here in the description box, has put out their evaluation of how difficult a different languages are based on, you know, how many hours of classroom instruction are required to achieve a certain level or fluency or whatever. ||||||||||||||||||оценка|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||Bewertung|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||evaluation|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||置く||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ここの説明ボックスにリンクを入れて、特定のレベルまたは流暢さを達成するために必要な教室での指導に基づいて、さまざまな言語がどれほど難しいかについての評価を出しました。または何でも。 e vou colocar um link para isso aqui na caixa de descrição, divulgou sua avaliação de quão difíceis são as diferentes línguas com base, você sabe, em quantas horas de instrução em sala de aula são necessárias para alcançar um certo nível ou fluência ou algo assim. Uh, I think these, uh, these studies, these comparisons are definitely interesting. ||||||исследования||сравнения||| ||||||||comparaisons||| ||||||||comparative analyses||| ||||||||comparações||| ||||||||karşılaştırmalar||| ||||||||Vergleiche||| ||||||||비교들||| ||||||||confronti||| ||||||||比较||| ||||||||primerjave||| ||||||||比較||| ええと、私はこれら、ええと、これらの研究、これらの比較は間違いなく興味深いと思います。 Uh, eu acho que esses, uh, esses estudos, essas comparações são definitivamente interessantes.

They have a lot of experience watching people in the classroom. |||||経験||||| 彼らは教室で人々を見ている多くの経験を持っています。 I always feel that what's more important than the classroom is the motivation of the learner. 教室よりも大切なのは、学習者のやる気だといつも感じています。 So, and very often this means what the learner does outside the classroom is more important than what the learner does in the classroom. したがって、これは、学習者が教室で行うことよりも、学習者が教室の外で行うことの方が重要であることを意味します。 So how difficult are these languages? ||||ces| では、これらの言語はどれほど難しいのでしょうか?

Obviously the number one factor is how motivated you are. очевидно||||||||| 明らかに、一番の要因はあなたのモチベーションです。 Uh, also another objective fact is, the more language is different from your own the more difficult it's going to be. |||objective||||||||||||||||| |||목표||||||||||||||||| ええと、また別の客観的な事実は、言語があなたの言語と異なるほど、それは難しくなるということです。 You have to get used to new structures. 新しい構造に慣れる必要があります。 You have to acquire a lot of new vocabulary where there's relatively little connection to vocabulary that you have for your own, from your own language. |||приобрести||||||||относительно|||||||||||||| |||learn||||||||comparatively|||||||||||||| 自分の言語から、自分の語彙とのつながりが比較的少ない新しい語彙をたくさん取得する必要があります。 Вам нужно изучить много новой лексики, где относительно мало связи с лексикой, которую вы знаете из своего собственного языка. 你必须学习大量的新词汇,这些词汇与你自己语言中的词汇联系相对较少。

But I would say that so Japanese is simply in terms of the vocabulary, the structure being very different from say English, if you're an English speaker, is going to be more difficult. ||||||||merely|||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||단순히|||||||||||||||||||||||| でも、日本語は語彙が単純なので、英語を話す人にとっては、英語とは構造が大きく違うので、もっと難しいと思います。 Но я бы сказал, что японский язык в терминах лексики, структуры очень отличается, скажем, от английского, если вы говорите на английском, то будет сложнее. 但我想说的是,日语的词汇、结构与英语非常不同,如果你是英语母语者,那么学习日语就会更加困难。 However, there are a number of things that make Japanese easier, in my opinion. Однако||||||||||||| ||||un certain nombre||||||||| しかし、私の意見では、日本語を簡単にするものはたくさんあります。 Однако есть несколько вещей, которые, на мой взгляд, делают японский язык проще. Um, and you know, when I learned Japanese, I'll tell you I have here. ええと、私が日本語を学んだとき、私はここにいると言います。

I just went through my ..Japanese collection and I found, I mean, I have so many different dictionaries that I used because I was looking for dictionaries that were more convenient that were maybe based on a Romanized, uh, you know, look up system rather than basing it on Japanese, uh, alphabet or whatever. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||удобнее|||||||латинизированная система||||поиск системы|||||основываясь на||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||romanisé|||||||||basé||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||dizionari|||||||||||romanized|||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||temel||||||| ||||||Sammlung|||||||||||Wörterbücher|||||||||||||praktischer|||||||Romanized|||||||eher||basierten||||||| ||||||수집품|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||로마자|||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||romanizzato|||||||||bas||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||罗马字|||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||praktične||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||ローマ字|||||||||日本語||||||| ..日本のコレクションを調べたところ、ローマ字に基づいた、もっと便利な辞書を探していたので、使用した辞書がたくさんあることがわかりました。日本語、ええと、アルファベットなどに基づくのではなく、システム。 我刚刚浏览了我的日语收藏,我发现我使用了很多不同的词典,因为我在寻找更方便的词典,这些词典可能基于罗马化的,呃,你知道,查找系统,而不是基于日语,呃,字母表或什么的。 And I mean, I did a lot of looking stuff up because I... Here's another one too. つまり、私はたくさんのことを調べました。なぜなら私は...これもまた別のものです。

I had to do so much reading. Я|||||| 私はたくさんの読書をしなければなりませんでした。 And in those days, you know, back in the early seventies, there wasn't quite as much listening material available. ||||||||||семидесятые годы|||не так||||| ||||||||||années soixante-dix|||||||| ||||||||||anos setenta|||||||| ||||||||||yetmişler|||||||| ||||||||||||||||||verfügbar ||||||||||1970년대 초|||||||| ||||||||||七十年代|||||||| そして当時、ご存知のように、70年代の初めには、利用できるリスニング資料はそれほど多くありませんでした。 It was hard work. 大変でした。 Today with the internet accessing content on the internet, uh, using LingQ, for example, Where you can either use our mini stories, uh, where you can immediately look words up with an online dictionary. ||||Zugriff auf||||||||||||||||||||||sofort||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||right away||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||verificar|||||| 今日、インターネットがインターネット上のコンテンツにアクセスしているので、たとえば、LingQを使用して、ミニストーリーを使用できます。オンライン辞書で単語をすぐに検索できます。

It is easier. それは容易です。 Now I will confess that with Asian languages or, I shouldn't say Asian languages, but specifically with Japanese and Chinese, we do have an issue because it's not obvious what constitutes a word. |||признаюсь||||||||||||в частности|||||||||||||||составляет собой|| |||avouer|||||||||||||||||||||||||||constitue|| |||admit||||||||||||||||||||||because|||||makes up|| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||oluşturduğuna|| |||gestehen|||||||||asiatischen||||||||||||||||||bildet|| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||단어의 구성|| ||||||||||||||||||||||||problema||||||costituisce|| |||承认|||||||||||||||||||||||||||构成|| |||告白する|||||||||||||||||||||||||||構成する|| ここで、アジアの言語、またはアジアの言語を言うべきではないが、特に日本語と中国語では、単語を構成するものが明確でないため、問題があることを告白します。 Сейчас я признаюсь, что с азиатскими языками или, я бы не сказал азиатскими языками, но конкретно с японским и китайским у нас возникают проблемы, потому что не очевидно, что считается словом. 现在我承认,对于亚洲语言,或者我不应该说亚洲语言,而是具体到日语和中文,我们确实存在一个问题,因为组成一个单词的成分并不明显。 Because if a number of symbols come together to form a word, so where do you split? ||||||||||||||||séparer |||||Symbole|||||||||||teilen ||||||||||||||||분리하나요 ||||||||||||||||dividere Perché se un certo numero di simboli si uniscono per formare una parola, dove si divide? なぜなら、いくつかの記号が集まって単語を形成する場合、どこで分割するのでしょうか。 Потому что если несколько символов объединяются, чтобы образовать слово, то где его нужно разделить? 因为如果多个符号组合在一起形成一个单词,那么你在哪里分割呢? Where is this... Dove si trova questo... これはどこ... Где это...

the boundaries between words? |les frontières|| |Grenzen|| |단어 사이의 경|| |fronteiras|| |Word delimiters|| i confini tra le parole? 言葉の境界? So we rely on different algorithms and they're not perfect. ||полагаемся||||||| ||nous comptons|||algorithmes|||| |||||Algorithmen|||| |||||algoritmalar|||| ||fare affidamento su|||algoritmi|||| |||||アルゴリズム|||| そのため、さまざまなアルゴリズムに依存していますが、それらは完全ではありません。 因此我们依赖不同的算法,但它们并不完美。 Nevertheless, even though not perfect because as we often say, perfection is the, is the enemy of the good, right? Тем не менее||||||||||совершенство||||||||| Néanmoins||||||||||||||||||| Even so||||||||||ideal flawlessness||||||||| ||||||||||Perfektion|||||Feind|||| tuttavia||||||||||||||||||| それでも||||||||||||||||||| sin embargo||||||||||||||||||| それでも、私たちがよく言うように、完璧ではないのですが、完璧は善の敵ですよね? The perfect is the enemy of the good, it's still very effective. ||||敌人||||||| |||||||||||efficace ||||||||это||| 完璧は善の敵であり、それでも非常に効果的です。 So it's easier to do than when I did, but だから前よりはやりやすいけど、

the, the immediate obstacles with Japanese are number one, there are three writing systems. ||непосредственные|препятствия|||||||||| ||unmittelbaren||||||||||| ||direct|challenges|||||||||| 、日本語の差し迫った障害は一番です、3つの書記体系があります。 It's the only language I know of where there's more than one writing system in common use. これは、私が知っている唯一の言語であり、一般的に使用されている書記体系が複数あります。 So they have, first of all, the Chinese characters, which was the first writing system they had, and then they have the hiragana, which is basically, it began as a system of using Chinese characters to represent Japanese sounds. ||||||||||||||||||||||хирагана|||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||a commencé||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||Japanese syllabary|||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||Hiragana||||||||||||||darstellen|| ||||||||||||||||||||||히라가나|||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||始まった||||||||||| つまり、最初に漢字を使った最初の書記体系であり、次にひらがなを持っています。これは基本的に、漢字を使用して日本語の音を表現するシステムとして始まりました。

And apparently there were a variety of versions. |по-видимому||||разнообразие||версии |anscheinend||||||Versionen |seemingly|||||| そして、どうやらさまざまなバージョンがありました。 Different characters were used in different parts of the country to try and represent the sounds. |||||||||||||darzustellen|| 音を表現するために、国のさまざまな地域でさまざまなキャラクターが使用されました。 Because of course the Chinese character is a pictogram it represents meaning, but there is also sound attached to that character. ||||||||пиктограмма|||||||||||| ||||||||pictogramme|||||||||||| ||||||||pictograma|||||||||||| ||||||||piktogram|||||||||||| ||||||||Piktogramm||stellt|||||||angehängt||| ||||||||그림 문자|||||||||||| ||||||||pittogramma|||||||||||| ||||||||象形文字|||||||||||| ||||||||piktogram|||||||||||| ||||||||絵文字|||||||||||| もちろん漢字はピクトグラムなので意味を表しますが、その文字には音も付いています。 So that was initially used. |||сначала| |||처음에| そのため、最初はそれが使用されました。

And this evolved into hiragana, which is the most widely used phonetic script in Japanese. ||превратилось|||||||||фонетическая|письменность|| ||||Hiragana|||||am weitesten||phonetisches||| ||developed|||||||||||| |||||||||||음소 문자||| ||||||||||||文字体系|| そして、これは、日本語で最も広く使用されている音声スクリプトであるひらがなに進化しました。 So You have the Kanji to Chinese characters, which are used, you have the hiragana, which is the most commonly used. ||||кандзи|||||||||||||||| ||||한자|||||||||||||||| ||||Kanji||||||||||Hiragana|||||häufigste| ||||Kanji|||||||||||||||| ||||汉字|||||||||||||||| ||||kanji|||||||||||||||| つまり、漢字から漢字までが使用され、最も一般的に使用されるひらがながあります。 But then you also have Katakana, which parallels the hiragana and it's used for, uh, you know, sort of words that are just sort of sounds: crash, bang or for foreign words. |||||||parallèle||||||||||||||||||sons|bruit|bang|||mots étrangers| |||||||mirrors|||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||é paralelo|||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||paralelidir|||||||||||||||||||çarpma||||| |||||Katakana||entspricht||Hiragana|||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||유사하다|||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||parallela a|||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||対比する|||||||||||||||||||||||| しかし、ひらがなに似たカタカナもあります。これは、クラッシュ、バン、外国語など、単なる音のような単語に使用されます。 Но также есть катакана, которая параллельна хирагане и используется для слов, которые представляют собой просто звуки: авария, удар или для иностранных слов. 但是还有片假名,它与平假名相对应,用于表示那些只包含声音的单词:crash、bang 或者外来词。

And personally, I found the Katakana very hard because you don't see much of it. |лично|||||||||не видишь|||| |||||Katakana||||||||| |||||Katakana||||||||| 個人的には、カタカナはあまり見ないのでとても大変でした。 И лично я нашел катакану очень сложной, потому что вы не видите много ее. So remember in learning any new writing system, It's not whether that writing system is intrinsically hard or difficult, it's how long is it going to take for your brain to get used to that writing system? |||||||||||||||по своей сути||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||a matter of|||||inherently||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||本質的に||||||||||||||||||||| したがって、新しい書記体系を学ぶ際には、その書記体系が本質的に難しいか難しいかではなく、脳がその書記体系に慣れるのにどれくらいの時間がかかるかを覚えておいてください。 Так что помните, когда изучаете любую новую систему письма, это не важно, насколько эта система письма внутренне сложна или трудна, важно, сколько времени потребуется вашему мозгу, чтобы привыкнуть к этой системе письма? So if you know, in Japanese 90% of the words or more are written in hiragana , then you're doing most of your reading ですから、日本語では、単語の90%以上がひらがなで書かれているので、ほとんどの読書をしていることになります。

in hiragana and in Kanji, in Chinese characters, and you're not doing very much reading in Katakana. ||||漢字|||||||||||| ひらがなと漢字、漢字で、カタカナで読むことはあまりありません。 So I always found the katakana a bit of a, you know, an obstacle. |||||||||||||препятствие |||||||||||||Hindernis だから私はいつもカタカナがちょっとした障害だと思っていました。 But so, so the writing system is a problem. しかし、そうなると、書記体系が問題になります。 Uh, problem meaning you have to put the time in, you have to do... see everything boils down to rating and listening. ||||||||||||||||сводится к|||оценка и слушание|| ||||||||||||||||se résume|||évaluation|| ||||||||||||||||reduz-se|||avaliação (1)|| ||||||||||||||||läuft hinaus auf|||Bewertung|| ||||||||||||||||결국|||평가(1)|| ||||||||||||||||si riduce|||valutazione|| ||||||||||||||||归结||||| ||||||||||||||||要約される|要約すると||評価|| ||||||||||||||||se reduce|||calificación|| Uh, il problema significa che devi investire tempo, devi fare... vedere tutto si riduce a valutare e ascoltare. ええと、問題はあなたが時間をかけなければならないことを意味します、あなたはしなければなりません...すべてが評価と聞くことに要約されるのを見てください。 Ah, o problema significa que você tem que dedicar tempo, você tem que fazer... tudo se resume a avaliar e ouvir.

The more you read and listen, and particularly read, the more you read, the more your brain gets used to that writing system, the easier it becomes. |||||||insbesondere||||||||||||||||||| Più leggi e ascolti, e in particolare leggi, più leggi, più il tuo cervello si abitua a quel sistema di scrittura, più diventa facile. 読んだり聞いたり、特に読んだりすればするほど、脳がその文字体系に慣れ、より簡単になります。 Quanto mais você lê e ouve, e particularmente lê, mais seu cérebro se acostuma com esse sistema de escrita, mais fácil se torna. 你读得越多,听得越多,特别是阅读,你读得越多,你的大脑就越习惯那个书写系统,它就会变得越容易。 So I began by doing a lot of reading in hiragana. ||||||||||хирагана ||始めた|||||||| Quindi ho iniziato leggendo molto in hiragana. それで、ひらがなでたくさん読むことから始めました。 Então, comecei fazendo muita leitura em hiragana. Because I had Kanji from Chinese, I needed to get used to the hiragana. 中国語の漢字を持っていたので、ひらがなに慣れる必要があった。 So I did a lot of reading in just hiragana. ひらがなだけでたくさん読んでみました。

There was a series that are called the Naganuma books, and I just read them all the time. ||||||||长沼||||||||| ||||||||Naganuma(1)||||||||| ||||||||Naganuma||||||||| ||||||||나가누마(||||||||| 長沼本と呼ばれるシリーズがあり、ずっと読んでいました。 Stories about, you know, folktales from Japan. ||||народные сказки|| ||||contes populaires|| ||||traditional stories|| ||||contos populares|| ||||Volksmärchen|| ||||민속 이야기|| ||||fiabe popolari|| ||||民间故事|| ||||民話|| ||||cuentos populares|| 日本の民話についての話。 Wasn't very interesting, but just to get my brain used to it. あまり面白くありませんでしたが、脳を慣れさせるためだけに。 All right. 分かった。 Several things make Japanese, first of all, more difficult, it's more difficult because it's structured differently. ||||||||||||||strukturiert| いくつかの理由で、まず第一に、日本語はより難しくなります。それは構造が異なるため、より難しくなります。

But it is easier in the sense that it's more forgiving. ||||||||||прощающее ||||||||||indulgent ||||||||||more lenient ||||||||||mais tolerante ||||||||||verzeihend ||||||||||관대하다 ||||||||||perdonante ||||||||||perdonador Ma è più facile nel senso che è più perdonante. しかし、それはより寛容であるという意味でより簡単です。 And what I mean by that is like, I have no idea or very little idea of the sort of grammatical explanations of Japanese, because it's kind of... Japanese to me is like, you know, an old suit that you get used to wearing and after a while you feel comfortable in the suit because you wear it all the time. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||vêtement|||||||||||||à l'aise|||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||tragen|||||||||||||tragen|||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||スーツ||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||um terno||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||vecchio abito||||||||||||||||||||||| E quello che intendo dire è che non ho idea o ho pochissima idea del tipo di spiegazioni grammaticali del giapponese, perché è un po'... il giapponese per me è come, sai, un vecchio vestito a cui ti abitui a indossare e dopo un po' ti senti a tuo agio nel vestito perché lo indossi tutto il tempo. つまり、日本語の文法的な説明がわからない、またはほとんどわからないということです。なぜなら、それは一種の…私にとっての日本語は、あなたが慣れ親しんでいる古いスーツのようなものです。ずっと着ているので、着てしばらくすると着心地が良くなります。 И то, что я имею в виду, это вроде, у меня нет ни малейшего представления о грамматических объяснениях японского языка, потому что... Японский для меня, это как старый костюм, в который ты привыкаешь носить, и через какое-то время он становится удобным, потому что ты носишь его постоянно. 我的意思是,我对日语的语法解释一无所知,或者说知之甚少,因为它有点......日语对我来说就像一套你习惯穿的旧西装,过了一段时间你就会觉得很舒服,因为你一直穿着它。 It's not... Non è... それは... Это не...

it, the rules are not like... it's harder. それ、ルールはそうではありません...それはより難しいです。 это, правила не такие... это сложнее. It's been like Chinese in that sense. そういう意味では中国人みたいです。 It's harder to really, there are a fewer things to trip you up. |||||||меньше|вещи|чтобы||| |||||||moins||à|faire trébucher|| ||||||||||つまずく|| ||||||||||fazer você tropeçar|| È più difficile davvero, ci sono meno cose che ti possono far inciampare. 本当に難しいです、あなたをつまずかせることが少ないです。 Это действительно сложнее, есть меньше вещей, которые могут вас подвести. 事实上,这更难,因为很少有事情会绊倒你。 So when I think of a truly difficult language or languages, I think of languages where you have, you know, declensions and conjugations or you have gender. ||||||||||||||||||||склонения||сопряжения|||| ||||||||||||||||||||grammatical case endings||verb forms||||grammatical category ||||||||||||||||||||Fälle||Konjugationen|||| ||||||||||||||||||||격변화||동사 변화||||성별 ||||||||||||||||||||declinazioni||coniugazioni verbali|||| ||||||||||||||||||||格変化||活用形|||| ||||||||||||||||||||declinaciones|||||| Quindi quando penso a una lingua veramente difficile o a lingue, penso a lingue dove hai, sai, declinazioni e coniugazioni o hai il genere. ですから、私が本当に難しい言語について考えるとき、私はあなたが持っている、あなたが知っている、曲用と活用、またはあなたが性別を持っている言語を思い浮かべます。 Поэтому, когда я думаю о действительно сложном языке или языках, я думаю о языках, где есть склонения и спряжения или где есть род. So if you use the wrong gender in French or Spanish, it's kind of a bit of a clanger, you hear that. ||||||||||||||||||ляп||| ||||||||||||||||||grosse erreur||| ||||||||||||||||||major mistake||| ||||||||||||||||||gafe||| ||||||||||||||||||Fehltritt||| ||||||||||||||||||실수||| ||||||||||||||||||errore evidente||| ||||||||||||||||||错误||| ||||||||||||||||||失言||| ||||||||||||||||||metedura de pata||| Quindi se usi il genere sbagliato in francese o spagnolo, è un po' un grosso errore, lo senti. ですから、フランス語やスペイン語で間違った性別を使用すると、それはちょっとした不器用なものだと聞きます。 Так что если вы используете неправильный род во французском или испанском языке, это как бы небольшой промах, вы слышите это.

Uh, if you use the wrong case endings, uh, I don't know. |||||||les terminaisons|||| ||||||格変化||||| 大文字と小文字を間違えると......どうかな? Если вы используете неправильные окончания падежей, я не знаю. I'm not a native speaker, but certainly I'm quite sensitive, uh, in, in French to hearing someone use the wrong, uh, you know, gender. |||||||||чувствителен|||||||||||||| |||||||||sensibel|||||||||||||| |||||||||attuned to nuances|||||||||||||| 私はネイティブスピーカーではないが、誰かが間違った性別を使うのを聞くと、フランス語ではかなり敏感だ。 Я не являюсь носителем языка, но, конечно, я достаточно чувствителен к тому, чтобы услышать, что кто-то использует неправильное род во французском языке. Although I do it myself, it's unavoidable. ||||||неизбежно ||||||inévitable ||||||inevitable ||||||inevitável ||||||unvermeidlich ||||||inevitabile ||||||避けられない ||||||inevitable 私自身もそうしているが、避けられない。 Хотя я сам так делаю, это неизбежно. It's just impossible to go from a language where you don't have gender and then, 性別のない言語から行くのは不可能です。 Просто невозможно переключиться с языка, где нет рода, и тогда 从一个没有性别的语言开始,然后

you know, not make mistakes with nouns in languages where they have gender. 性別のある言語の名詞を間違えないでください。 знать, не допускать ошибок с существительными в языках, где они есть. But in Japanese, there's no gender for the nouns. ||||||||существительные ||||||||Substantive ||||||||sostantivi Ma in giapponese non ci sono generi per i sostantivi. しかし、日本語では名詞に性別はない。 There's not even singular and plural. Нет|||единственное число|| |||||Plural |||||複数形 Non ci sono nemmeno singolare e plurale. 単数形も複数形もない。 So, you know, book is book. Quindi, sai, libro è libro. だから、本は本なんだ。 Book on the table. テーブルで予約します。 Uh, so to my mind that is much more forgiving. |||||||||прощающее ||||avis|||||indulgent |||||||||più indulgente |||||||||寛容な 僕の考えでは、その方がずっと寛容だ。 Uh, even in terms of their verbs, there's sort of a simple and a more ||||||||||||||plus 動詞に関しても、シンプルなものと、よりシンプルなものがある。

formal form of every verb. すべての動詞の正式な形式。 So you have "iku" and "ikimasu", but you can interchange them. |||иду||идти||||взаимозаменять| |||aller||je vais||||les échanger| |||go||to go||||swap out| |||||||||trocar entre| |||iku||||||| |||||||||서로 바꾸다| |||iku||andare||||| |||||||||互换| |||||||||入れ替えることができる| |||iku||voy a||||| つまり、「いく」と「いきまーす」があるわけだが、これは入れ替えてもいい。 So it doesn't really matter. ||||compte vraiment だから、そんなことはどうでもいいんだ。 You can sometimes... probably if you're going to interchange you, you err on the side of the slightly more formal, but you can say "iku", "ikimasu". |||||||||||ошибаетесь|||||||||||||| |||||||||||vous vous trompez|||||||||||||aller|aller |||||||||||make a mistake||||||||||||||to go ||||||||wechseln|||irren|||||||||||||| ||||||||상호 교환하다|||실수|||||||||||||| ||||||||scambiare|||||||||leggermente più formale|||||||andare|vado |||||||||||間違える|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||ligeramente|||||||| あなたは時々...おそらくあなたがあなたを交換しようとしているなら、あなたはもう少しフォーマルな側で間違いを犯します、しかしあなたは「イク」、「イキマス」と言うことができます。

I never worry about it. 私はそれについて心配することはありません。 I never spend a second thinking about whether "iku" or "ikimasu" is  formal. ||||||||iku||andare|| ||||||||iku (verbo)|||| 「いく」と「いきます」のどちらがフォーマルなのか、二度と考えません。 You get caught up in the mood of the discussion. ||verfängst|||der|Stimmung||| ||||||atmosfera||| |fica|||||||| あなたは議論のムードに巻き込まれます。 The, the, the sense of what's appropriate. ||||||уместное ||||||angemessen ||||||合适 、、、何が適切かという感覚。 It starts... you start to feel after a while, which word you should be using. それが始まります...あなたはしばらくすると、どの単語を使うべきかを感じ始めます。 You're hearing the people you're talking to use certain forms of the words so you're going to pick up on that. あなたは話している相手が特定の形の単語を使っているのを聞いているから、それを拾おうとしている。

The very formal, the very polite is more difficult. |||||höfliche||| とてもフォーマルで、とても礼儀正しい人ほど難しい。 But you're not expected to use that until you reach a stage where using that becomes natural. |||erwartet||||||erreichen||||||| しかし、それを使用することが自然になる段階に達するまで、それを使用することは期待されていません。 That was my experience. それが私の経験だ。 I stuck with my "iku", "ikimasu" and at some point "mairimasu", "irashaimasu", whatever started to creep into my usage. ||||||||||приходить|приходите, пожалуйста||||постепенно начали||| ||||||||||je viens|vous êtes||||s'introduire||| |stuck|||||||||will go|it is (polite)||||creep|in|| |||||||||||||||começar a aparecer||| ||||||||||mairimasu|kommen||||einschleichen|||Gebrauch |||||||||||||||스며들기 시작||| |bloccato con|||iku||||||mairimasu|irasshaimasu||||insinuarsi||| ||||||||||来|来||||渗透||| |こだわった||||||||||||||忍び寄る||| ||||||||||verbo honorífico|está aquí||||se coló||| 私は自分の「イク」、「イキマス」、そしてある時点で「マイリマス」、「イラシャイマス」に固執しました。 Eu fiquei com meu "iku", "ikimasu" e em algum momento "mairimasu", "irashaimasu", o que quer que começasse a se infiltrar no meu uso. These very formal, you know, when you're speaking to someone more senior to you or, and I wouldn't use the word, the forms for someone who is junior to me, I just wouldn't do that as a non-native speaker. |||||||||||상급자|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| これらの非常にフォーマルなことは、あなたがあなたより年上の誰かと話しているとき、または私が後輩の誰かのためのフォームという言葉を使用しないとき、私はそれを非-としてはしません母語話者。 Esses são muito formais, você sabe, quando você está falando com alguém mais sênior que você ou, e eu não usaria a palavra, as formas para alguém que é júnior a mim, eu simplesmente não faria isso como falante não nativo. 这些非常正式的语言,你知道,当你在和比你年长的人交谈时,或者,我不会使用这个词,与比我年幼的人交谈时,作为非母语人士,我不会这样做。

So to my mind, those are things that you evolve into. |||||||||发展| |||||||||évoluez| |||||||||to evolve| |||||||||desenvolve| だから私の考えでは、それらはあなたが進化するものです。 Então, para mim, essas são coisas nas quais você evolui. Uh, some people, um, you know, find it strange that the verb comes at the end, but again, through enough exposure, you get used to that. |||ähm|||||||||||||||||||||| ええと、何人かの人々、ええと、あなたが知っている、動詞が最後に来るのは奇妙だと思います、しかし再び、十分な露出を通して、あなたはそれに慣れます。 Uh, so there are less obvious to my mind, and I could be corrected or maybe people will come back at me, but, uh, there are few obvious grammatical mistakes that you can make. |||||очевидные|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Uh, quindi ci sono meno ovvi nella mia mente, e potrei essere corretto oppure forse la gente tornerà a criticarmi, ma, uh, ci sono pochi errori grammaticali ovvi che puoi fare. ええと、それで私の心にはあまり明白ではありません、そして私は訂正されるかもしれません、あるいは人々が私に戻ってくるかもしれません、しかし、ええと、あなたがすることができる明白な文法上の間違いはほとんどありません。

A lot of the language is I wouldn't say vague, but you know, for example, verb tenses, you know, it's, it's you, if you say yesterday, today or tomorrow that determines the tense. |||||||||неясный||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||floue||||||||||||||||||||||| |a lot||||||||not precise|||||||||||||||||||||sets|| |||||||||vaga||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||unklar||||||||||||||||gestern|||||bestimmt|| |||||||||vago||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||模糊||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||曖昧な|||||||時制|||||||||||||||| |||||||||vago||||||||||||||||||||||| Molto del linguaggio non direi che sia vago, ma sai, per esempio, i tempi verbali, sai, è, se dici ieri, oggi o domani determina il tempo. 多くの言語は曖昧とは言えませんが、たとえば、動詞の時制は、昨日、今日、または明日と言えば、時制を決定するのはあなたです。 So, uh, "ashita iku?" ||завтра пойдём?| ||demain| ||tomorrow| ||amanhã| ||domani|andare ||明天| ||mañana| Quindi, uh, "ashita iku?" じゃあ、"あしたいく"? Are you going tomorrow? 明日は行くの? "Ashita iku?" morgen| |andare "あしたいく?" "Ashita" is tomorrow. Ashita|| 明日は "あした "だ。 "Ashita iku?" domani|andare "あしたいく?" "Ashita ikimasuka? |Пойдёте завтра? |tu vas |will you go Ashita|vai |去吗 |irás "アシタ・イキマスカ? "  "Ikimasu" "Ikimasuka?" |gehen |andare The "ka" is a sort of an interrogative at the end. |||||||вопросительная частица||| |ka(1)||||||interrogatif||| |||||||questioning particle||| |ka||||||Fragewort||| |||||||의문사||| |||||||interrogativa||| |卡||||||疑问词||| |||||||疑問詞||| |interrogativa final||||||||| 「ka」は、最後に一種の質問です。

All of these things are flexible and you kind of get used to being around people who use the language of certain way and you sort of pick up on it. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||pick up on it||| |||||柔軟な||||||||||||||||||||||||| これらはすべて柔軟性があり、特定の方法で言語を使用する人々の周りにいることに慣れていて、それを理解しているようです。 That's been my experience. それが私の経験だ。 Some people find the particles difficult. ||||частицы| ||||small parts| ||||입자| ||||particelle| ||||as partículas| 粒子が難しいと感じる人もいます。 So by particle, I mean, in Japanese, you go, "watakushi" or "watashi" like when I lived in Japan, I used to always say "watakushi". ||Частица||||||||||||||||||||| ||particule||||||||||||||||||||| ||Partikel|||||||ich||ich||||||||||||ich |||||||||I||I|||||||||||| ||助詞||||||||||||||||||||| つまり、助詞というのは、日本語で言うと「ワタクシ」とか「ワタシ」とか、日本に住んでいた頃はいつも「ワタクシ」と言っていた。 Now apparently no one says that they say "watashi". ||||||||я |anscheinend||||||| |it seems||||||| 今では「わたし」と言う人はいないようです。

"I" "watashi". 「ワタシ」。 "watashi wa..." "watashi ga..."l... "watashi ga..." I have to admit, I don't really know the difference. |"ва"||я (использую)||||||||||||| |sujet||sujet||||||||||||| |topic particle||subject particle||||||||||||| |ich||ich|||ga|||||||||| |我||我||||||||||||| ||||||||||認める|||||| |tema tópico||sujeto marcado||||||||||||| 「わたしは…」「わたしが…」l…「わたしが…」認めざるを得ないが、違いはよくわからない。 And you know, I pray presumably in a conversation I'll tend to use one or the other for some reason. |||||предположительно|||||||||||||| ||||pray|likely|||||||||||||| ||||beten|vermutlich|||||||||||||| |||||아마도|||||||||||||| ||||祈祷||||||||||||||| |||||おそらく|||||||||||||| Und weißt du, ich bete vermutlich in einem Gespräch, das ich aus irgendeinem Grund eher benutze. そして、あなたが知っている、私はおそらく会話の中で私が何らかの理由でどちらか一方を使用する傾向があることを祈っています。 And I don't know a what, but it doesn't, you know, prevent proper communication in the language. ||||||||||||une bonne|||| |||||||||||hinder|effective|||| |||||||||||impede||||| |||||||||||verhindert|ordentliche|||| |||||||||||방해하다||||| ||||||||||||corretta|||| そして、私は何を知りませんが、それはあなたが知っている、言語での適切なコミュニケーションを妨げることはありません。

Uh, the particles, for example, that indicate, you know, you're going to the, you know, the direct object, so "kore wo..." like, this is the direct job, "anata ni..." so the, you have these sort of direction particles that determine the, the part of speech here. |||||||||||||||||||коре во|を|||||||тебе|тебе к||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||cela|objet direct|||||||tu|à||||||||||||||||| ||||||show||||||||||direct object marker|||this|object|||||direct object marker||you|to||||||||||||||||| ||Partikeln||||anzeigen|||||||||||||||||||||du|||||||||Richtung|Partikeln||bestimmen|||||| ||particelle||||||||||||||||||particella|||||||a te|a te||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||这个|我|||||||你|你|||||||||助词|||||||| ||||||||||||||||直接目的語||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||esto|partícula de tema|||||||tú|a ti||||||||||||||||| ええと、たとえば、助詞は、あなたが知っている、あなたが直接の目的語に行くことを示しているので、「これを...」のように、これは直接の仕事、「anata ni ... 「つまり、ここでの品詞を決定するこの種の方向粒子があります。 呃,例如,表示你要去到直接宾语的粒子,所以“kore wo...”就像,这是直接的工作,“anata ni...”所以,你有这些方向粒子来决定这里的词性。 So, uh, you know, the "wo" makes it a direct object "ni" makes it an indirect, like to someone. |||||||||||||||косвенный||| |||||||||||||||indirect||| |||||wo||||||ni||||||| |||||||||||a me||||||| |||||||||||||||間接的なもの||| だから、ええと、あなたが知っている、「wo」はそれを直接目的語にします「ni」はそれを誰かのように間接的にします。 "kara" is from someone. кара от кого-то||| kara(1)||| kara||| kara||| kara||| 卡拉||| kara||| "kara "は誰かのものだ。

And these show up after nouns, uh, and it helps to indicate who is doing what to whom. |||||||||||anzuzeigen|||||| そして、これらは名詞の後に表示されます、ええと、それは誰が誰に何をしているのかを示すのに役立ちます。 And you can read an explanation of it, but ultimately you have to get used to doing it. |||||||||в конечном итоге|||||||| |||||||||en fin de compte|||||||| |||||||||letztendlich|||||||| そして、それについての説明を読むこともできるが、最終的にはそれをすることに慣れるしかない。 It's not tremendously complicated. ||очень| ||Not very| それほど複雑ではありません。 There aren't an unlimited number of these particles. |||||||Teilchen |||finite||||particles |||||||particelle これらの粒子の数に制限はありません。 Similarly there are words, or at least, аналогично|||||| 同様に言葉もある、

uh, portions, uh, of verbs that attach to the end of verbs, uh, which imply meaning or purpose or reason or whatever, uh, you know, a conditional " iku nara" uh, " iku naraba". ||||||||||||||подразумевают||||||||||||||если бы|||если пойти ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||si c'est|||si ||||||add to||||||||suggest indirectly||||||||||||Conditional clause ending||to go|||if (you) ||||||anexam-se||||||||implicam||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||Bedingung||nara|||nara ||||||si uniscono a||||||||suggerire||||||||||||||||andare|naraba ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||行|||如果 ||||||接続する||||||||意味を示す||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||nara|||si es que 動詞の語尾に付く、意味や目的、理由などを意味する動詞の部分。 And there's often more than one way of saying things. ||||que||||| 物事には複数の言い方があるものだ。 And here again, it's... I find it's a very flexible forgiving language, which like with most languages, it's just a matter of putting in enough time. ||||||||||||||||||||вопрос||||| ||||||||||permissive||||||||||||||| ||||||||||verzeihende||||||||||||||| ||||||||||permissiva||||||||||||||| そしてここでも、それは...非常に柔軟な寛容な言語であり、ほとんどの言語と同様に、十分な時間をかけるだけの問題だと思います。

So I can, well believe that Japanese takes more time to learn than say Spanish because the structure is very different. 日本語はスペイン語よりも習得に時間がかかると思う。 Uh Vocabulary, there's very little common vocabulary. ||есть|||| ええと、語彙、一般的な語彙はほとんどありません。 There are lone words from English. ||одиночные||| ||isolées||| ||single||| ||einsame||| ||英語の単語||| ||solas||| 英語からの孤独な言葉があります。 Sometimes you don't even recognize them. 時々あなたはそれらを認識さえしません。 Um, but it's just a matter of putting in the time. ええと、でもそれは時間の問題です。 And, uh, so I do have, それで、そうなんだ、

uh, you know, I have lots of books that I bought in Japanese, including um Japanese sake, The Insider's Guide to Sake, same book in Japanese, but, uh, I bought a small Japanese grammar book, but I find reading through it I just get confused. ||||||||||||||||саке||Инсайдерский|||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||le guide de l'initié|||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||Sake||Insider's||||||||||||||||||||||||||verwirrt ||||||||||||||||사케|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||di Insider|||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||インサイダーの|||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||guía del insider|||||||||||||||||||||||||| ええと、私は日本語で買った本をたくさん持っています。たとえば、日本酒、酒のインサイダーガイド、同じ日本語の本ですが、ええと、私は小さな日本語の文法書を購入しましたが、それを読んでいます混乱します。 uUh, I did by just a curiosity the Living Language, Japanese language course, but here again, it's all in Romaji in, in, uh, you know, the Latin alphabet. Эм|||||||||||||||||||латинский алфавит|||||||| uUh(1)||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||Romaji|||||||| uUh|||||||||||||||||||Romaji|||||||| |||||||||||||||||||로마자|||||||| uh|||||||||||||||||||alfabeto latino|||||||| 呃|||||||||||||||||||罗马字|||||||| uh|||||||||||||||||||romaji|||||||| ええと、私はただ好奇心で生きている言語、日本語のコースをやりました、しかしここでも、それはすべてローマ字で、ええと、あなたが知っている、ラテンアルファベットです。

And, um, lots of exercises. ||||Übungen それに、たくさんのエクササイズも。 I didn't find that useful. I just think you have to start in, uh, using things like the mini stories at LingQ. ただ、LingQのミニストーリーのようなものから始めなければならないと思う。 Uh, simple stories. I used to read Naganuma and listened to it I believe. ||||Naganuma|||||| 私は長沼を読んで聞いていたと思います。 I can't remember. It's almost 50 years ago. Um, and just allow the language to come in you, come into you and occasionally look things up. |||permettez|||||||||||||| um||||||||||||||gelegentlich||| ええと、そしてただ言語があなたの中に入るのを許して、あなたの中に来て、時々物事を調べてください。

Certainly look words up. もちろん調べてください。||| 確かに言葉を調べなさい。 Uh, and that's how you, uh, you gradually get used to it. |||||||schrittweise|||| そうやって、徐々に慣れていくんだ。 So it's not more difficult, but it can take longer. したがって、それほど難しくはありませんが、時間がかかる場合があります。 So basically that's what I wanted to say on, uh, uh, Japanese. |||||||dire|||| |||||istediğim|||||| だから基本的にそれは私が言いたかったことです、ええと、ええと、日本人。 And, uh, if you poke around here, uh, you can find a number of videos that I have made, uh, talking about Japanese, or speaking in Japanese, ||||fouiller|||||||une||||||||||||||| ||||explore||||||||||||||||||Japanese language|||| ||||procurar|||||||||||||||||||||| ||||stöberst|||||||||||||||||||||| ||||주위를 둘러보||||||||||||||||일본어에 대해|||||| ||||gironzolare|||||||||||||||||||||| ||||探る|あちこち||||||||||||||||||||| ||||exploras|||||||||||||||||||||| E, eh, se curiosi un po' qui, eh, puoi trovare un certo numero di video che ho realizzato, eh, parlando del giapponese, o parlando in giapponese, 日本語について話したり、日本語で話したりするビデオもたくさんあります、 그리고 여길 둘러보면 제가 일본어에 대해 이야기하거나 일본어로 말하는 동영상을 많이 찾아볼 수 있습니다,

if that is of interest to you. se ti interessa. それがあなたに興味があるなら。 Just go and search here on my YouTube channel. Basta andare e cercare qui sul mio canale YouTube. 私のYouTubeチャンネルで検索してみてください。 Okay. That's what I wanted to say. Thank you for listening. Bye for now.