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TED Talks, David Gallo shows underwater astonishments

David Gallo shows underwater astonishments

We're going to go on a dive to the deep sea.

And anyone that's had that lovely opportunity knows that for about two and half hours on the way down, it's a perfectly positively pitch-black world. And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window that you couldn't describe. These blinking lights: a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies. Dr. Edith Witter -- she's now at the Research Conservation Association -- was able to come up with a camera that could capture some of these incredible animals, and that's what you're seeing here on the screen. That's all bioluminescence.

So, like I said: just like fireflies. There's a flying turkey, under the tree. (Laughter) I know. I'm a geologist by training. But I love that. And you see that some of the bioluminescence they use to avoid being eaten, some they use to attract prey. But all of it, from an artistic point of view, is positively amazing. And a lot of what goes on inside -- here's a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes. Some of the colors are designed to hypnotize. These lovely patterns. And then this last one: one of my favorites, this pinwheel design. Absolutely amazing, every single dive. That's the unknown world.

And today we've only explored 3 percent of what's out in the oceans. Already we've found the world's highest mountains, the world's deepest valleys, underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls -- a lot of that we shared with you from the stage. And in a place we thought there was no life at all, we find more life, we think, and diversity and density, than the tropical rainforest. Which tells us that we don't know much about this planet at all. There's still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises. But I want to jump up to shallow water now, and look at some creatures that are positively amazing.

Cephalopods -- head-foots. As a kid I knew them as calamari mostly. This is an octopus. This is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biology Lab. And it's just fascinating how cephalopods, with their eyes, incredible eyes, sense their surroundings, look at light, look at patterns. There's an octopus moving across the reef. Finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background. Tough thing to do. In the next bit, we're going to see a couple squid.

This is a squid. Now males, when they fight, if they're really aggressive, they turn white. And these two males are fighting. They do it by bouncing their butts together, which is an interesting concept. Now here's a male on the left and a female on the right. Now, the male has managed to split his coloration, so the female only always sees the kinder gentler squid of him. And the male -- (Laughter) We're going to see it again. Let's take a look at it again. Watch the coloration: white on the right, brown on the left. He takes a step back, so he's keeping off the other males by splitting his body and comes up on the other side ... Bingo! Now I'm told that this is not just a squid phenomenon with males, but I don't know. (Applause) Cuttlefish.

I love cuttlefish. This is a giant Australian cuttlefish. And there he is. His droopy little eyes up here. But they can do pretty amazing things. Here we're going to see one backing into a crevice, and -- watch his tentacles. He just pulls them in. Makes him look just like algae. Disappears right into the background. Positively amazing. Here's two males fighting. Once again, they're smart enough, these cephalopods -- they know not to hurt each other. But look at the patterns they can do with their skin. OK? Just an amazing thing. Here's an octopus.

Sometimes they don't want to be seen when they move, because predators can see them. Here, this guy can actually make himself look like a rock, and, looking at his environment, can actually slide across the bottom, using the waves and the shadows so he can't be seen. He just blends in; his motion blends into the background. The moving rock trick. So we're learning lots new from the shallow waters. Still exploring the deep water, but learning lots new from the shallow waters. There's a good reason why: the shallow waters are filled with predators. Here's a barracuda. And if you're an octopus or a cephalopod you really understand how to use your surroundings to hide. In the next scene you're going to see a nice coral bottom.

And you see that an octopus would stand out very easily there if you couldn't use your camouflage, use your skin to change color and texture. Here's some algae in the foreground. And an octopus. Ain't that amazing? Now, Roger spooked him, so he took off in a cloud of ink. When he lands, the octopus says, "Oh, I've been seen. The best thing to do is to get as big as I can get." That big brown makes his eyespot very big. He's bluffing. Let's do it backwards. I thought he was joking when he was showing it to me. I thought it was all graphics. So here's it in reverse. Watch the skin color, watch the skin texture. Just an amazing animal, can change color and texture to match the surroundings. Watch him blend right into this algae. One. Two. Three. And now he's gone, and so am I. Thank you very much.

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David Gallo shows underwater astonishments David Gallo zeigt Erstaunliches unter Wasser Ο David Gallo δείχνει υποβρύχιες εκπλήξεις David Gallo muestra asombros submarinos David Gallo montre les merveilles sous-marines デビッドガロは水中の驚きを示しています David Gallo mostra as maravilhas subaquáticas 大卫-加洛展示水下惊奇

We’re going to go on a dive to the deep sea. 深海に飛び込みます。

And anyone that’s had that lovely opportunity knows that for about two and half hours on the way down, it’s a perfectly positively pitch-black world. そして、その素敵な機会を得た人なら誰でも、下りの約2時間半の間、完全にポジティブブラックの世界であることを知っています。 And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window that you couldn’t describe. そして、私たちはあなたが説明できない窓の外で最も神秘的な動物を見ていました。 These blinking lights: a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies. ||||||生物发光|| これらの点滅するライト:ホタルのような生物発光の世界。 Dr. Edith Witter -- she’s now at the Research Conservation Association -- was able to come up with a camera that could capture some of these incredible animals, and that’s what you’re seeing here on the screen. エディスヴィッター博士-彼女は現在、研究保護協会に所属しています-は、これらの信じられないほどの動物のいくつかをキャプチャできるカメラを思いついたことがあり、それが画面に表示されているものです。 That’s all bioluminescence. ||bioluminescence それがすべて生物発光です。

So, like I said: just like fireflies. だから、私が言ったように:ホタルのように。 There’s a flying turkey, under the tree. 木の下に空を飛ぶ七面鳥があります。 (Laughter) I know. I’m a geologist by training. ||地质学家|| But I love that. And you see that some of the bioluminescence they use to avoid being eaten, some they use to attract prey. そして、あなたは彼らが食べることを避けるために使用する生物発光のいくつか、彼らが獲物を引き付けるために使用するいくつかの生物発光を見る。 But all of it, from an artistic point of view, is positively amazing. しかし、芸術的な観点から見ると、そのすべてが明らかに素晴らしいものです。 And a lot of what goes on inside -- here’s a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes. ||||||||||||||脉动的| そして、内部で起こっていることの多く-光る目、脈動する目を持つ魚があります。 Some of the colors are designed to hypnotize. |||||||催眠 一部の色は催眠術をかけるように設計されています。 These lovely patterns. これらの素敵なパターン。 And then this last one: one of my favorites, this pinwheel design. ||||||||||风车| Absolutely amazing, every single dive. That’s the unknown world.

And today we’ve only explored 3 percent of what’s out in the oceans. Already we’ve found the world’s highest mountains, the world’s deepest valleys, underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls -- a lot of that we shared with you from the stage. And in a place we thought there was no life at all, we find more life, we think, and diversity and density, than the tropical rainforest. Which tells us that we don’t know much about this planet at all. There’s still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises. But I want to jump up to shallow water now, and look at some creatures that are positively amazing.

Cephalopods -- head-foots. 头足类|头|feet 頭足類-頭足。 As a kid I knew them as calamari mostly. |||||||squid dishes| This is an octopus. これはタコです。 This is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biology Lab. And it’s just fascinating how cephalopods, with their eyes, incredible eyes, sense their surroundings, look at light, look at patterns. There’s an octopus moving across the reef. ||||||珊瑚 Finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background. 落ち着く場所を見つけ、丸まってから背景に消えます。 Tough thing to do. In the next bit, we’re going to see a couple squid. ||接下来||||||||squid species

This is a squid. Now males, when they fight, if they’re really aggressive, they turn white. And these two males are fighting. They do it by bouncing their butts together, which is an interesting concept. Now here’s a male on the left and a female on the right. Now, the male has managed to split his coloration, so the female only always sees the kinder gentler squid of him. ||||||||coloration|||||||||||| 現在、オスはなんとか彼の色を分けているので、メスは常に彼のより優しいイカしか見ません。 Теперь самцу удалось разделить свою окраску, поэтому самка всегда видит в нем только более доброго и нежного кальмара. And the male -- (Laughter) We’re going to see it again. そして、男性-(笑い)私たちは再びそれを見るつもりです。 Let’s take a look at it again. Watch the coloration: white on the right, brown on the left. 配色に注意してください。右側が白、左側が茶色です。 He takes a step back, so he’s keeping off the other males by splitting his body and comes up on the other side ... Bingo! 彼は一歩下がったので、彼は彼の体を分割することによって他の男性を遠ざけて、反対側に現れます...ビンゴ! Now I’m told that this is not just a squid phenomenon with males, but I don’t know. 今、これは男性のイカだけではないと聞いていますが、わかりません。 (Applause) (拍手) Cuttlefish. Cuttlefish イカ。

I love cuttlefish. This is a giant Australian cuttlefish. And there he is. His droopy little eyes up here. |下垂的|||| 彼の垂れ下がった小さな目がここにあります。 But they can do pretty amazing things. Here we’re going to see one backing into a crevice, and -- watch his tentacles. |||||||||narrow opening|||| ここでは、1つが隙間に戻っているのを見て、彼の触手を見てください。 He just pulls them in. 彼はちょうどそれらを引き込みます。 Makes him look just like algae. |||||藻类 まるで藻のように見えます。 Disappears right into the background. 背景に消えます。 Positively amazing. 確かに素晴らしい。 Here’s two males fighting. ここで2人の男性が戦っています。 Once again, they’re smart enough, these cephalopods -- they know not to hurt each other. 繰り返しますが、彼らは十分頭が良いので、これらの頭足類は、お互いを傷つけないことを知っています。 But look at the patterns they can do with their skin. しかし、彼らが自分の肌でできるパターンを見てください。 OK? Just an amazing thing. Here’s an octopus.

Sometimes they don’t want to be seen when they move, because predators can see them. 時には捕食者がそれらを見ることができるので、彼らは移動するときに見られたくない。 Here, this guy can actually make himself look like a rock, and, looking at his environment, can actually slide across the bottom, using the waves and the shadows so he can’t be seen. ここで、この男は実際に自分を岩のように見せることができ、彼の環境を見ると、波と影を使って実際に底を横切ることができるので、彼は見えません。 He just blends in; his motion blends into the background. ||融入||||||| 彼はただ溶け込むだけです。彼の動きは背景に溶け込みます。 The moving rock trick. 動くロックトリック。 So we’re learning lots new from the shallow waters. だから私たちは浅瀬から新しいことをたくさん学んでいます。 Still exploring the deep water, but learning lots new from the shallow waters. まだ深海を探索していますが、浅瀬から新しいことをたくさん学びます。 There’s a good reason why: the shallow waters are filled with predators. それには理由があります。浅い水域には捕食者がたくさんいます。 Here’s a barracuda. ||梭鱼 こちらがバラクーダです。 And if you’re an octopus or a cephalopod you really understand how to use your surroundings to hide. |||||||头足类动物|||||||||| タコや頭足類の場合は、周囲を使用して非表示にする方法を本当に理解しています。 In the next scene you’re going to see a nice coral bottom. 次のシーンでは、素敵なサンゴの底が表示されます。

And you see that an octopus would stand out very easily there if you couldn’t use your camouflage, use your skin to change color and texture. |||||||||||||||||camouflage|||||||| そして、カモフラージュを使用できず、皮膚を使用して色や質感を変えると、タコが非常に目立ちやすくなることがわかります。 Here’s some algae in the foreground. こちらが手前の藻です。 And an octopus. Ain’t that amazing? Now, Roger spooked him, so he took off in a cloud of ink. さて、ロジャーは彼を驚かせたので、彼はインクの雲の中で離陸しました。 When he lands, the octopus says, "Oh, I’ve been seen. タコは着地すると、「ああ、私は見られた。 The best thing to do is to get as big as I can get." 最善の方法は、できるだけ大きくなることです。」 That big brown makes his eyespot very big. |||||眼斑|| その大きな茶色は、彼のアイスポットを非常に大きくします。 He’s bluffing. |虚张声势 Let’s do it backwards. 逆にしよう。 I thought he was joking when he was showing it to me. 彼が私にそれを見せているとき、私は彼が冗談を言っていると思いました。 I thought it was all graphics. 全てグラフィックだと思った。 So here’s it in reverse. これが逆です。 Watch the skin color, watch the skin texture. 肌の色、肌の質感を見てください。 Just an amazing animal, can change color and texture to match the surroundings. ただ素晴らしい動物で、周囲に合わせて色や質感を変えることができます。 Watch him blend right into this algae. 彼がこの藻に溶け込むのを見てください。 One. Two. Three. And now he’s gone, and so am I. Thank you very much. そして今、彼は去りました、そして私もそうです。どうもありがとうございました。