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BBC - 6 Minute English (YouTube), Is there anything good about shame? Listen to 6 Minute English - YouTube

Is there anything good about shame? Listen to 6 Minute English - YouTube

Neil: Hello, and welcome to

6 Minute English. I'm Neil.

Sam: And I'm Sam.

Neil: In this programme we'll be

talking about the emotion of shame.

What can you tell us

about this word, Sam?

Sam: Well, it can be a verb or a noun.

As a noun it's an emotion

for the uncomfortable feeling we have

when we feel embarrassed or guilty

about something that we've done.

It's a very strong feeling.

Neil: We'll explore this topic in more detail

shortly, but first a question. Now it might

seem like a random question,

but all will become clear later, I promise.

The chemical which was used

to make cooking pans non-stick was

discovered by accident, when was this?

Was it... a) 1930s, b) 1960s or c) 1980s?

What do you think, Sam?

Sam: Ah ... well, first, I've no idea

what non-stick cookware has

to do with our topic of shame

but as to the question itself, I think

it has something to do with Nasa and

the space programme, so

I'm going to say 1960s.

Neil: Well, we will find out later

in the programme if you are right.

The idea of shame is not new,

by any means, but social media has made

it a very modern concept, hasn't it?

Sam: Yes, when it's used as a verb,

to shame someone, it means

to say or write things in public

designed to make other people feel

bad about their behaviour

and this is something

we see a lot in social media.

Neil: This topic was discussed on a recent

edition of the BBC radio programme

Woman's Hour.

One of the guests was Hetta Howes from

City University, London. Does she think

that shame is always a bad thing?

Hetta Howes: If you have

too much shame it's crippling,

it's sort of debilitating and that's bad,

but the right amount of shame can be

really positive because it effects change

and I wonder if we're starting to see that

a bit in modern culture as well from sort

of social media platforms because

if someone's done something that

we consider to be a little bit wrong

we can sort of publicly

shame them and maybe effect

some positive change.

Neil: So is shame always bad?

Sam: Well, she does say that too much

shame can be crippling and debilitating.

Both these words mean that

shame is so strong that we really

can't manage the emotion, we can't

deal with it, we can't do anything

to put it right. But she does say

that a bit of shame can be positive

because it effects change.

This means that it causes change.

If someone is shamed on social media,

it's very public and can mean

that they change their behaviour.

Neil: I suppose though there is one group

I think have to accept public shaming, and

perhaps deserve it more than others.

Sam: I think I can guess. Would it be

politicians, perhaps?

These days we are very cynical about

politicians, aren't we? Social media is one

area where the public can directly contact

and comment on what

their representatives are or aren't doing.

Neil: But politicians are a particular kind

of person, aren't they? Cultural historian

Tiffany Watt-Smith made this comment

on the same Woman's Hour programme.

Tiffany Watt-Smith: Shame is... can be very

very useful and the idea

of someone who doesn't

experience that at all, like a sort of

Teflon-coated politician, I mean, that's...

that's a kind of frightening image.

Neil: What's she saying here, Sam?

Sam: She's talking about how

some politicians to do not seem to be

bothered by shaming.

They just ignore it and move on.

She describes them as Teflon coated.

This is - aha - a reference to non-stick

cookware! Teflon is the brand name

of the chemical which was used to make

pots and pans non-stick.

The pans were coated or covered

in this material. The reference

to politicians is that there are some

to whom criticism and shame

just don't stick. They manage to avoid

any negative consequences of their

actions and this, she says, is scary.

Neil: Here's Tiffany Watt-Smith again.

Tiffany Watt-Smith: Shame is... can be very

very useful and the idea

of someone who doesn't

experience that at all, like a sort of

Teflon-coated politician, I mean, that's...

that's a kind of frightening image.

Neil: It's nearly time now to review

our vocabulary, but first, let's have

the answer to the quiz question,

which was about non-stick coating

on cookware, or Teflon, as we heard.

When was it invented?

a) 1930s, b) 1960s or c) 1980s?

What did you think, Sam?

Sam: I guessed the 1960s and I think

it was invented as part of

the US space programme.

Neil: Well, a lot of people think that and,

like you, a lot of people are wrong. It was

actually discovered, by accident, in 1938.

So well done if you got that right but no

shame if you didn't!

Now on with today's words.

Sam: OK. Yes, we were talking

about shame, an uncomfortable

feeling of guilt and embarrassment

at something we've done.

Neil: Shame can be crippling

and debilitating. Both these adjectives

mean making someone unable to deal

with the situation. They can feel so badly

about what they have done that

they find it difficult

to move forward emotionally.

Sam: We then had to effect change.

This means to make change happen.

Note this is 'effect'

with an 'e' and not 'affect' with an 'a'.

Neil: Teflon is a non-stick covering

for cookware.

Sam: And something that is coated

with something is covered

with something. So Teflon coated

means covered in Teflon.

Neil: Well, that's all for this programme.

We'll be with you again soon, but if you can't

wait, you can find us in all

the usual places on social media,

online and on our app. Just

search for bbclearninglish. Goodbye!

Sam: Bye!

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Neil: Hello, and welcome to

6 Minute English. I'm Neil.

Sam: And I'm Sam.

Neil: In this programme we'll be

talking about the emotion of shame. |||||恥 |||||vergonha

What can you tell us

about this word, Sam?

Sam: Well, it can be a verb or a noun. |||||||||em Sam: Bem, pode ser um verbo ou um substantivo.

As a noun it's an emotion Como substantivo, é uma emoção

for the uncomfortable feeling we have ||不快な||| para o sentimento desconfortável que temos

when we feel embarrassed or guilty |||||guilty ||感じる|||罪悪感 |||||culpado quando nos sentimos envergonhados ou culpados

about something that we've done. sobre algo que fizemos.

It's a very strong feeling. É um sentimento muito forte.

Neil: We'll explore this topic in more detail Neil: Vamos explorar este tópico com mais detalhes

shortly, but first a question. Now it might em breve, mas primeiro uma pergunta. Pode parecer

seem like a random question, |||ランダム| parecem|||parece uma pergunta aleatória| uma pergunta aleatória,

but all will become clear later, I promise. aber alles wird später klar werden, das verspreche ich. mas tudo ficará claro mais tarde, eu prometo.

The chemical which was used |chemical||| O produto químico que foi usado

to make cooking pans non-stick was |||平底锅||| |||pans||| ||調理|||| |||frigideiras||| lai pannas padarītu nepielipīgas, bija para tornar as panelas antiaderentes era

discovered by accident, when was this? |によって|||| descoberto||||| descoberto por acidente, quando foi isso?

Was it... a) 1930s, b) 1960s or c) 1980s? Foi... a) década de 1930, b) década de 1960 ou c) década de 1980?

What do you think, Sam? O que você acha, Sam?

Sam: Ah ... well, first, I've no idea

what non-stick cookware has |||炊具| |non||cookware| |||調理器具| |||utensílios de cozinha| |||nồi chảo| o que tem a ver com o nosso tema de vergonha

to do with our topic of shame panelas antiaderentes têm

but as to the question itself, I think |として|||||| aber was die Frage selbst betrifft, denke ich mas quanto à pergunta em si, eu acho

it has something to do with Nasa and tem algo a ver com a Nasa e

the space programme, so o programa espacial, então

I'm going to say 1960s. vou dizer anos 1960.

Neil: Well, we will find out later

in the programme if you are right.

The idea of shame is not new,

by any means, but social media has made によって||||||| por qualquer meio, mas as redes sociais tornaram

it a very modern concept, hasn't it? isso um conceito muito moderno, não é?

Sam: Yes, when it's used as a verb, Sam: Sim, quando é usado como verbo,

to shame someone, it means |envergonhar||| envergonhar alguém, significa

to say or write things in public dizer ou escrever coisas em público

designed to make other people feel projetado para fazer com que outras pessoas se sintam||||| destinado a fazer com que outras pessoas sintam

bad about their behaviour mau comportamento deles

and this is something e isso é algo

we see a lot in social media. que vemos muito nas redes sociais.

Neil: This topic was discussed on a recent Neil: Este tópico foi discutido em um evento recente.

edition of the BBC radio programme

Woman's Hour.

One of the guests was Hetta Howes from Uma das convidadas era Hetta Howes da

City University, London. Does she think City University, Londres. Será que ela acredita

that shame is always a bad thing? que a vergonha é sempre algo ruim?

Hetta Howes: If you have

too much shame it's crippling, ||||令人窒息的 ||||debilitating ||||致命的な muita||||paralisante ||||paraliżujące muita vergonha é paralisante,

it's sort of debilitating and that's bad, |||suy nhược||| |||draining energy||| |||衰弱させる||| |||osłabiający||| |||debilitante||| é meio debilitante e isso é ruim,

but the right amount of shame can be |その|||||| |||quantidade|||| mas a quantidade certa de vergonha pode ser

really positive because it effects change realmente positivo pois isso causa mudanças

and I wonder if we're starting to see that e eu me pergunto se estamos começando a ver isso

a bit in modern culture as well from sort um pouco na cultura moderna também de certo modo

of social media platforms because de plataformas de mídia social porque

if someone's done something that se alguém fez algo que

we consider to be a little bit wrong consideramos ser um pouco errado

we can sort of publicly ||||公に podemos meio que envergonhá-los publicamente

shame them and maybe effect ||||効果 vergonha deles|||| e talvez causar um efeito

some positive change. alguma mudança positiva.

Neil: So is shame always bad? Neil: Então, vergonha sempre é ruim?

Sam: Well, she does say that too much Sam: Bem, ela realmente diz isso demais

shame can be crippling and debilitating. |||crippling|| |||打撃を与える||衰弱させる a vergonha pode ser paralisante e debilitante.

Both these words mean that Ambas essas palavras significam isso

shame is so strong that we really a vergonha é tão forte que realmente

can't manage the emotion, we can't |lidar com|||| não podemos controlar a emoção, não podemos

deal with it, we can't do anything lidar com isso, não podemos fazer nada

to put it right. But she does say |それを正す|||||| corrigir. Mas ela diz

that a bit of shame can be positive que um pouco de vergonha pode ser positivo

because it effects change. porque causa mudanças.

This means that it causes change.

If someone is shamed on social media, ||です|恥をかかせられた||| Se alguém é envergonhado nas redes sociais,

it's very public and can mean é muito público e pode significar

that they change their behaviour. que eles mudam seu comportamento.

Neil: I suppose though there is one group Neils: Es pieņemu, ka ir viena grupa. Neil: Suponho que há um grupo

I think have to accept public shaming, and |||||公共の|恥をかかせること| Acho que tenho que aceitar a vergonha pública e

perhaps deserve it more than others. |deserve|||| |merece|||| talvez merecer mais do que os outros.

Sam: I think I can guess. Would it be Sam: Acho que consigo adivinhar. Seria

politicians, perhaps? políticos, talvez?

These days we are very cynical about |||||愤世嫉俗| |||||skeptical| |||||皮肉な| |||||cínicos| |||||hoài nghi| Hoje em dia somos muito cínicos com

politicians, aren't we? Social media is one políticos, não somos? As redes sociais são uma

area where the public can directly contact área onde o público pode entrar em contato diretamente

and comment on what e comentar sobre o que

their representatives are or aren't doing. |代表者たち|||| seus representantes estão fazendo ou não.

Neil: But politicians are a particular kind Neil: Mas os políticos são um tipo particular

of person, aren't they? Cultural historian de pessoa, não são? A historiadora cultural

Tiffany Watt-Smith made this comment Tiffany Watt-Smith fez este comentário

on the same Woman's Hour programme.

Tiffany Watt-Smith: Shame is... can be very Tiffany Watt-Smith: Vergonha é... pode ser muito

very useful and the idea muito útil e a ideia

of someone who doesn't de alguém que não

experience that at all, like a sort of experimentar algo assim, como um tipo de

Teflon-coated politician, I mean, that's... テフロン|コーティングされた|||| Teflon|revestido|||| Politiķis ar teflona pārklājumu, tas ir... político revestido de Teflon, quero dizer, isso...

that's a kind of frightening image. ||||scary| ||||aterrorizante| é uma imagem um tanto assustadora.

Neil: What's she saying here, Sam? Neil: O que ela está dizendo aqui, Sam?

Sam: She's talking about how Sam: Ela está falando sobre como

some politicians to do not seem to be alguns políticos não parecem ser

bothered by shaming. incomodado|| incomodado com o ato de envergonhar.

They just ignore it and move on. Eles simplesmente ignoram e seguem em frente.

She describes them as Teflon coated. ||||テフロン| Ela os descreve como revestidos de Teflon.

This is - aha - a reference to non-stick ||||citation||| ||||参照||| Isto é - aha - uma referência a antiaderente

cookware! Teflon is the brand name utensílios de cozinha! Teflon é o nome da marca

of the chemical which was used to make do químico que foi usado para fazer

pots and pans non-stick. panelas antiaderentes.

The pans were coated or covered |||cobertas||

in this material. The reference

to politicians is that there are some

to whom criticism and shame |to whom||| ||crítica|| kam kritika un kauns

just don't stick. They manage to avoid ||||||evade ||くっつかない|||| ||ficar grudados|||| vienkārši nepielipa. Viņiem izdodas izvairīties no

any negative consequences of their |否定的な|||

actions and this, she says, is scary. ||||||assustador ações e isso, ela diz, é assustador.

Neil: Here's Tiffany Watt-Smith again. Neil: Aqui está Tiffany Watt-Smith novamente.

Tiffany Watt-Smith: Shame is... can be very Tiffany Watt-Smith: Vergonha é... pode ser muito

very useful and the idea

of someone who doesn't

experience that at all, like a sort of

Teflon-coated politician, I mean, that's... |コーティングされた||||

that's a kind of frightening image. ||||scary| ||||恐ろしい| ||||aterrorizante| essa é uma espécie de imagem assustadora.

Neil: It's nearly time now to review Neil: Está quase na hora de revisar

our vocabulary, but first, let's have nosso vocabulário, mas antes, vamos ter

the answer to the quiz question,

which was about non-stick coating |||||chống dính |||ノンスティック|| |||||revestimento antiaderente

on cookware, or Teflon, as we heard.

When was it invented? |||created |||foi inventado

a) 1930s, b) 1960s or c) 1980s?

What did you think, Sam?

Sam: I guessed the 1960s and I think ||adivinhei|||||

it was invented as part of

the US space programme.

Neil: Well, a lot of people think that and,

like you, a lot of people are wrong. It was

actually discovered, by accident, in 1938.

So well done if you got that right but no

shame if you didn't!

Now on with today's words. Agora, com as palavras de hoje.

Sam: OK. Yes, we were talking Sam: OK. Sim, estávamos falando

about shame, an uncomfortable sobre vergonha, um sentimento desconfortável

feeling of guilt and embarrassment ||culpa||vergonha

at something we've done.

Neil: Shame can be crippling ||||paralisante Neil: Stud může být ochromující

and debilitating. Both these adjectives a oslabující. Obě tato přídavná jména

mean making someone unable to deal |||incapaz||

with the situation. They can feel so badly |||||感じる||ひどく |||||||com a situação. Eles podem se sentir tão mal

about what they have done that

they find it difficult

to move forward emotionally. |進む||

Sam: We then had to effect change.

This means to make change happen.

Note this is 'effect'

with an 'e' and not 'affect' with an 'a'.

Neil: Teflon is a non-stick covering ||||||powłoka

for cookware. intended for| |para utensílios de cozinha

Sam: And something that is coated |||||covered with |||||revestido

with something is covered

with something. So Teflon coated ||||revestido

means covered in Teflon. coberto de|||

Neil: Well, that's all for this programme.

We'll be with you again soon, but if you can't We will|||||||||

wait, you can find us in all

the usual places on social media, nas|||||

online and on our app. Just on the internet|||||

search for bbclearninglish. Goodbye!

Sam: Bye!