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Jude the Obscure by Thomas Hardy, PART I - AT MARYGREEN. CHAPTER V.

PART I - AT MARYGREEN. CHAPTER V.

During the three or four succeeding years a quaint and singular vehicle might have been discerned moving along the lanes and by-roads near Marygreen, driven in a quaint and singular way.

In the course of a month or two after the receipt of the books Jude had grown callous to the shabby trick played him by the dead languages. In fact, his disappointment at the nature of those tongues had, after a while, been the means of still further glorifying the erudition of Christminster. To acquire languages, departed or living in spite of such obstinacies as he now knew them inherently to possess, was a herculean performance which gradually led him on to a greater interest in it than in the presupposed patent process. The mountain-weight of material under which the ideas lay in those dusty volumes called the classics piqued him into a dogged, mouselike subtlety of attempt to move it piecemeal.

He had endeavoured to make his presence tolerable to his crusty maiden aunt by assisting her to the best of his ability, and the business of the little cottage bakery had grown in consequence. An aged horse with a hanging head had been purchased for eight pounds at a sale, a creaking cart with a whity-brown tilt obtained for a few pounds more, and in this turn-out it became Jude's business thrice a week to carry loaves of bread to the villagers and solitary cotters immediately round Marygreen. The singularity aforesaid lay, after all, less in the conveyance itself than in Jude's manner of conducting it along its route. Its interior was the scene of most of Jude's education by "private study." As soon as the horse had learnt the road and the houses at which he was to pause awhile, the boy, seated in front, would slip the reins over his arm, ingeniously fix open, by means of a strap attached to the tilt, the volume he was reading, spread the dictionary on his knees, and plunge into the simpler passages from Caesar, Virgil, or Horace, as the case might be, in his purblind stumbling way, and with an expenditure of labour that would have made a tender-hearted pedagogue shed tears; yet somehow getting at the meaning of what he read, and divining rather than beholding the spirit of the original, which often to his mind was something else than that which he was taught to look for.

The only copies he had been able to lay hands on were old Delphin editions, because they were superseded, and therefore cheap. But, bad for idle schoolboys, it did so happen that they were passably good for him. The hampered and lonely itinerant conscientiously covered up the marginal readings, and used them merely on points of construction, as he would have used a comrade or tutor who should have happened to be passing by. And though Jude may have had little chance of becoming a scholar by these rough and ready means, he was in the way of getting into the groove he wished to follow.

While he was busied with these ancient pages, which had already been thumbed by hands possibly in the grave, digging out the thoughts of these minds so remote yet so near, the bony old horse pursued his rounds, and Jude would be aroused from the woes of Dido by the stoppage of his cart and the voice of some old woman crying, "Two to-day, baker, and I return this stale one." He was frequently met in the lanes by pedestrians and others without his seeing them, and by degrees the people of the neighbourhood began to talk about his method of combining work and play (such they considered his reading to be), which, though probably convenient enough to himself, was not altogether a safe proceeding for other travellers along the same roads. There were murmurs. Then a private resident of an adjoining place informed the local policeman that the baker's boy should not be allowed to read while driving, and insisted that it was the constable's duty to catch him in the act, and take him to the police court at Alfredston, and get him fined for dangerous practices on the highway. The policeman thereupon lay in wait for Jude, and one day accosted him and cautioned him.

As Jude had to get up at three o'clock in the morning to heat the oven, and mix and set in the bread that he distributed later in the day, he was obliged to go to bed at night immediately after laying the sponge; so that if he could not read his classics on the highways he could hardly study at all. The only thing to be done was, therefore, to keep a sharp eye ahead and around him as well as he could in the circumstances, and slip away his books as soon as anybody loomed in the distance, the policeman in particular. To do that official justice, he did not put himself much in the way of Jude's bread-cart, considering that in such a lonely district the chief danger was to Jude himself, and often on seeing the white tilt over the hedges he would move in another direction. On a day when Fawley was getting quite advanced, being now about sixteen, and had been stumbling through the "Carmen Sæculare," on his way home, he found himself to be passing over the high edge of the plateau by the Brown House. The light had changed, and it was the sense of this which had caused him to look up. The sun was going down, and the full moon was rising simultaneously behind the woods in the opposite quarter. His mind had become so impregnated with the poem that, in a moment of the same impulsive emotion which years before had caused him to kneel on the ladder, he stopped the horse, alighted, and glancing round to see that nobody was in sight, knelt down on the roadside bank with open book. He turned first to the shiny goddess, who seemed to look so softly and critically at his doings, then to the disappearing luminary on the other hand, as he began:

"Phœbe silvarumque potens Diana!" The horse stood still till he had finished the hymn, which Jude repeated under the sway of a polytheistic fancy that he would never have thought of humouring in broad daylight.

Reaching home, he mused over his curious superstition, innate or acquired, in doing this, and the strange forgetfulness which had led to such a lapse from common sense and custom in one who wished, next to being a scholar, to be a Christian divine. It had all come of reading heathen works exclusively. The more he thought of it the more convinced he was of his inconsistency. He began to wonder whether he could be reading quite the right books for his object in life. Certainly there seemed little harmony between this pagan literature and the mediæval colleges at Christminster, that ecclesiastical romance in stone.

Ultimately he decided that in his sheer love of reading he had taken up a wrong emotion for a Christian young man. He had dabbled in Clarke's Homer, but had never yet worked much at the New Testament in the Greek, though he possessed a copy, obtained by post from a second-hand bookseller. He abandoned the now familiar Ionic for a new dialect, and for a long time onward limited his reading almost entirely to the Gospels and Epistles in Griesbach's text. Moreover, on going into Alfredston one day, he was introduced to patristic literature by finding at the bookseller's some volumes of the Fathers which had been left behind by an insolvent clergyman of the neighbourhood. As another outcome of this change of groove he visited on Sundays all the churches within a walk, and deciphered the Latin inscriptions on fifteenth-century brasses and tombs. On one of these pilgrimages he met with a hunch-backed old woman of great intelligence, who read everything she could lay her hands on, and she told him more yet of the romantic charms of the city of light and lore. Thither he resolved as firmly as ever to go.

But how live in that city? At present he had no income at all. He had no trade or calling of any dignity or stability whatever on which he could subsist while carrying out an intellectual labour which might spread over many years.

What was most required by citizens? Food, clothing, and shelter. An income from any work in preparing the first would be too meagre; for making the second he felt a distaste; the preparation of the third requisite he inclined to. They built in a city; therefore he would learn to build. He thought of his unknown uncle, his cousin Susanna's father, an ecclesiastical worker in metal, and somehow mediæval art in any material was a trade for which he had rather a fancy. He could not go far wrong in following his uncle's footsteps, and engaging himself awhile with the carcases that contained the scholar souls. As a preliminary he obtained some small blocks of freestone, metal not being available, and suspending his studies awhile, occupied his spare half-hours in copying the heads and capitals in his parish church.

There was a stone-mason of a humble kind in Alfredston, and as soon as he had found a substitute for himself in his aunt's little business, he offered his services to this man for a trifling wage. Here Jude had the opportunity of learning at least the rudiments of freestone-working. Some time later he went to a church-builder in the same place, and under the architect's direction became handy at restoring the dilapidated masonries of several village churches round about. Not forgetting that he was only following up this handicraft as a prop to lean on while he prepared those greater engines which he flattered himself would be better fitted for him, he yet was interested in his pursuit on its own account. He now had lodgings during the week in the little town, whence he returned to Marygreen village every Saturday evening. And thus he reached and passed his nineteenth year.

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PART I - AT MARYGREEN. CHAPTER V. PARTE I - EN MARYGREEN. CAPÍTULO V. I DALIS - MARYGREEN. V SKYRIUS. 第一部分 - 在玛丽格林。第五章

During the three or four succeeding years a quaint and singular vehicle might have been discerned moving along the lanes and by-roads near Marygreen, driven in a quaint and singular way. |||||接下来的||||||||||辨认出||||小路|||小路||||||||独特的| 在随后的三四年里,人们可能会看到一辆古雅而奇特的车辆沿着玛丽格林附近的小巷和小路行驶,行驶方式古雅而奇特。

In the course of a month or two after the receipt of the books Jude had grown callous to the shabby trick played him by the dead languages. ||||||||||收到|||书籍||已经||麻木不仁||||卑鄙的把戏||||||死语言 在收到这些书之后的一两个月内,裘德已经对那些死去的语言对他开的卑鄙玩笑变得麻木不仁了。 In fact, his disappointment at the nature of those tongues had, after a while, been the means of still further glorifying the erudition of Christminster. ||||||||||||||||||||||学识|| 事实上,一段时间之后,他对这些语言的本质感到失望,这反而进一步颂扬了基督教堂的博学。 To acquire languages, departed or living in spite of such obstinacies as he now knew them inherently to possess, was a herculean performance which gradually led him on to a greater interest in it than in the presupposed patent process. |||离开||||尽管||||||||||||||艰巨的|表演||逐渐地|||||||||||||假定的|专利| 尽管他现在知道这些语言与生俱来就具有某些顽固性,但要掌握它们,无论是已消失的还是现存的语言,都是一项艰巨的任务,这逐渐使他对语言产生了比预先假定的专利过程更大的兴趣。 The mountain-weight of material under which the ideas lay in those dusty volumes called the classics piqued him into a dogged, mouselike subtlety of attempt to move it piecemeal. |||||在|其中||||||||||经典著作|激发了||||顽强的||微妙性||||||逐步 那些被称为经典的尘封的卷帙浩繁的书籍中蕴藏着厚厚的材料,这些材料激起了他坚持不懈、像老鼠一样微妙的尝试,以将其一点一点地移动。

He had endeavoured to make his presence tolerable to his crusty maiden aunt by assisting her to the best of his ability, and the business of the little cottage bakery had grown in consequence. ||努力||||存在|可接受的|||||||帮助|||||||||||||||小屋面包店|||| Se había esforzado por hacer tolerable su presencia a su malhumorada tía solterona ayudándola en la medida de sus posibilidades, y el negocio de la pequeña panadería había crecido en consecuencia. 他尽力帮助他脾气暴躁的姑妈,让她觉得他的存在可以忍受,小面包店的生意也因此发展壮大。 An aged horse with a hanging head had been purchased for eight pounds at a sale, a creaking cart with a whity-brown tilt obtained for a few pounds more, and in this turn-out it became Jude's business thrice a week to carry loaves of bread to the villagers and solitary cotters immediately round Marygreen. |||||垂下的||||||八||||||吱吱作响的||||白色|||获得|||||||||转变||||||每周三次|||||面包||面包|||||孤独的|独居者|立刻|| 在一次拍卖会上,裘德花了八英镑买了一匹耷拉着脑袋的老马,又花了几英镑买了一辆吱吱作响、车身呈白褐色的马车。结果,裘德每周要三次给玛丽格林周围的村民和孤独的佃农送面包。 The singularity aforesaid lay, after all, less in the conveyance itself than in Jude's manner of conducting it along its route. |奇点||||||||传递方式|||||||引导|||| 毕竟,前述奇异之处并不在于交通工具本身,而在于裘德沿途驾驶交通工具的方式。 Its interior was the scene of most of Jude's education by "private study." ||||||||||||自学 其内部是裘德进行“私人学习”的大部分场所。 As soon as the horse had learnt the road and the houses at which he was to pause awhile, the boy, seated in front, would slip the reins over his arm, ingeniously fix open, by means of a strap attached to the tilt, the volume he was reading, spread the dictionary on his knees, and plunge into the simpler passages from Caesar, Virgil, or Horace, as the case might be, in his purblind stumbling way, and with an expenditure of labour that would have made a tender-hearted pedagogue shed tears; yet somehow getting at the meaning of what he read, and divining rather than beholding the spirit of the original, which often to his mind was something else than that which he was taught to look for. |||||||||||||||||停留|停留片刻|||坐在前面||||滑动|||在|||巧妙地||打开|||||带子||||车篷||书籍|||||||||膝上||投入|||简单的|段落||凯撒|维吉尔||贺拉斯||||||||盲目的|笨拙的|||||劳动投入||劳动|||||||温柔的|教育者|流泪|||||||||||||推测||||||||||||||||||||||||| 当马儿认识了道路和要在哪些房子前停留一会儿时,坐在前面的男孩便会把缰绳套在它的手臂上,巧妙地用绑在书脊上的带子将正在读的书固定打开,把字典摊开放在膝盖上,然后就开始用他那种半盲半笨的方式,一头扎进恺撒、维吉尔或贺拉斯的简单段落中,他所付出的劳动足以让一个心地善良的教师流泪;然而,他还是能理解所读内容的含义,能够猜测而不是看到原文的精神,在他看来,这往往不是他被教导要寻找的东西。

The only copies he had been able to lay hands on were old Delphin editions, because they were superseded, and therefore cheap. ||||||能够|||||||德尔芬|||||被取代||| 他能够得到的唯一副本是旧德尔芬版,因为它们已经被取代,因此很便宜。 But, bad for idle schoolboys, it did so happen that they were passably good for him. ||||学生们||||||||||| 但是,对于懒惰的小学生来说,这些孩子是坏事,但对于他来说,这些孩子却还算不错。 The hampered and lonely itinerant conscientiously covered up the marginal readings, and used them merely on points of construction, as he would have used a comrade or tutor who should have happened to be passing by. |受阻的||||认真地||||边缘的|边缘读数|||它们|||||结构问题|||||||同伴||导师|||||||| 这位行动受阻、孤独的流浪者小心翼翼地掩盖了边注,仅仅将它们用在构造点上,就像他使用一个碰巧路过的同志或导师一样。 And though Jude may have had little chance of becoming a scholar by these rough and ready means, he was in the way of getting into the groove he wished to follow. |||||||||||||||||||||这||||||轨道|||| 尽管朱德通过这些粗糙而直接的方式成为学者的机会不大,但他正在朝着他希望追随的方向前进。

While he was busied with these ancient pages, which had already been thumbed by hands possibly in the grave, digging out the thoughts of these minds so remote yet so near, the bony old horse pursued his rounds, and Jude would be aroused from the woes of Dido by the stoppage of his cart and the voice of some old woman crying, "Two to-day, baker, and I return this stale one." |||忙于|||||||||翻阅过||||||||||||||||||||骨瘦如柴|||巡视||巡回|||||唤醒|||苦恼||狄多|||停顿||||||||||||||||||||| 当他忙于这些古老的书页时,那些书页可能早已被已故之人的手翻阅,挖掘出这些思想如此遥远却又如此接近的心灵,瘦骨嶙峋的老马则在他的周围四处巡视,朱德常常被马车的停顿和某个老妇人的声音唤醒,她在喊着:“今天两个,面包师,这个陈旧的我退还。” He was frequently met in the lanes by pedestrians and others without his seeing them, and by degrees the people of the neighbourhood began to talk about his method of combining work and play (such they considered his reading to be), which, though probably convenient enough to himself, was not altogether a safe proceeding for other travellers along the same roads. ||经常|||||||||||||||逐渐地|||||||||||方法||结合||||||||||||||||||||完全|||做法|||其他旅客|||| 他在小路上常常遇见行人和其他人,而他却没有看见他们,渐渐地,邻里的人们开始谈论他将工作与娱乐(他们认为他的阅读是一种娱乐)结合的方式,虽然这对他来说可能足够便利,但对于其他在同样道路上旅行的人来说,这并不是一种完全安全的做法。 There were murmurs. ||低语 人们低声议论。 Then a private resident of an adjoining place informed the local policeman that the baker's boy should not be allowed to read while driving, and insisted that it was the constable's duty to catch him in the act, and take him to the police court at Alfredston, and get him fined for dangerous practices on the highway. ||私人|居民|||||||||||面包师的||||||||||||||||警员的||||||||||||||||阿尔弗雷德镇||||罚款|||||| 然后一个邻近地方的居民告诉当地警察,面包师的少年在开车时不应该阅读,并坚持认为这是警察的责任,要抓住他当场,并把他带到阿尔弗雷德斯顿的法庭,因在公路上危险行为而罚款。 The policeman thereupon lay in wait for Jude, and one day accosted him and cautioned him. |||||||||||上前搭话|||警告| 因此,警察潜伏等待朱德,并在某一天上前与他交谈并对他进行了警告。

As Jude had to get up at three o'clock in the morning to heat the oven, and mix and set in the bread that he distributed later in the day, he was obliged to go to bed at night immediately after laying the sponge; so that if he could not read his classics on the highways he could hardly study at all. |||||||||||||预热||烤箱||||||||||分发的|||||||不得不|||||||立刻||放置||发酵液|||||||||||||||||| 由于朱德必须在早上三点起床加热烤箱,并混合和放置他在当天稍后分发的面包,他晚上在放置海绵后不得不立即上床睡觉;因此,如果他不能在公路上阅读他的经典作品,他几乎就无法学习。 The only thing to be done was, therefore, to keep a sharp eye ahead and around him as well as he could in the circumstances, and slip away his books as soon as anybody loomed in the distance, the policeman in particular. |||||||||||||前方|||||||||||情况下||悄悄地把||||||||出现|||||||尤其是 因此,唯一需要做的就是在周围尽可能保持警惕,并尽快在任何人影出现在远处时,将书本藏起来,尤其是警察。 To do that official justice, he did not put himself much in the way of Jude's bread-cart, considering that in such a lonely district the chief danger was to Jude himself, and often on seeing the white tilt over the hedges he would move in another direction. |||官方|||||||||||||||||||||地区||||||||||||||||||||||| 为了对这位官员的公正负责,他并没有太多阻碍朱德的面包车,考虑到在如此偏僻的地区,主要的危险就是朱德本人,常常在看到白色的遮篷出现在树篱上时,他会选择朝另一个方向移动。 On a day when Fawley was getting quite advanced, being now about sixteen, and had been stumbling through the "Carmen Sæculare," on his way home, he found himself to be passing over the high edge of the plateau by the Brown House. |||||||||||||||||||《卡门》|世代歌||||||||||||||||||||| 在一个福利已经相当成熟的日子里,他大约十六岁,正踩着《世纪歌》的节奏回家的路上,他发现自己正经过布朗屋旁的高原边缘。 The light had changed, and it was the sense of this which had caused him to look up. 光线发生了变化,正是这种感觉让他抬起了头。 The sun was going down, and the full moon was rising simultaneously behind the woods in the opposite quarter. ||||||||||升起|||||||| 太阳正在落下,而满月正同时在对面的树林后升起。 His mind had become so impregnated with the poem that, in a moment of the same impulsive emotion which years before had caused him to kneel on the ladder, he stopped the horse, alighted, and glancing round to see that nobody was in sight, knelt down on the roadside bank with open book. |||||浸透|||诗||||||||冲动的|||||||||跪下||||||||||环顾四周|||||||||跪下||||路边|||| 他的心灵已经被这首诗深深感染,以至于在那一刻,与多年前让他跪在梯子上的冲动情绪相同,他停下了马,跳下马来,四下张望以确保没有人见到,便在路边的土坡上跪下,翻开书籍。 He turned first to the shiny goddess, who seemed to look so softly and critically at his doings, then to the disappearing luminary on the other hand, as he began: |||||闪亮的|女神|||||||||||行为||||消失的|天体||||||| 他首先转向那位闪亮的女神,她似乎温柔而批判地看着他的举动,然后转向另一边逐渐消失的天体,开始朗诵:

"Phœbe silvarumque potens Diana!" 菲比||女神|狩猎女神 "菲比,森林与野生动物的强大女神!" The horse stood still till he had finished the hymn, which Jude repeated under the sway of a polytheistic fancy that he would never have thought of humouring in broad daylight. |||||||||赞美诗||||||影响|||多神论的|幻想||||||||逗乐|||大白天 马静静地站着,直到朱德完成了颂歌。在多神教的幻想影响下,他重复着这段颂歌,而这种幻想他在白天时从未想过要去迎合。

Reaching home, he mused over his curious superstition, innate or acquired, in doing this, and the strange forgetfulness which had led to such a lapse from common sense and custom in one who wished, next to being a scholar, to be a Christian divine. 回到家后,他思考着这种好奇的迷信,无论是天生的还是习得的,以及这种导致他在常识和习俗上如此失足的奇怪遗忘,这种人是希望在成为学者之外能成为一名基督教神职人员。 It had all come of reading heathen works exclusively. 这一切都源于他专门阅读异教徒的作品。 The more he thought of it the more convinced he was of his inconsistency. He began to wonder whether he could be reading quite the right books for his object in life. Certainly there seemed little harmony between this pagan literature and the mediæval colleges at Christminster, that ecclesiastical romance in stone.

Ultimately he decided that in his sheer love of reading he had taken up a wrong emotion for a Christian young man. He had dabbled in Clarke's Homer, but had never yet worked much at the New Testament in the Greek, though he possessed a copy, obtained by post from a second-hand bookseller. He abandoned the now familiar Ionic for a new dialect, and for a long time onward limited his reading almost entirely to the Gospels and Epistles in Griesbach's text. Moreover, on going into Alfredston one day, he was introduced to patristic literature by finding at the bookseller's some volumes of the Fathers which had been left behind by an insolvent clergyman of the neighbourhood. As another outcome of this change of groove he visited on Sundays all the churches within a walk, and deciphered the Latin inscriptions on fifteenth-century brasses and tombs. On one of these pilgrimages he met with a hunch-backed old woman of great intelligence, who read everything she could lay her hands on, and she told him more yet of the romantic charms of the city of light and lore. Thither he resolved as firmly as ever to go.

But how live in that city? At present he had no income at all. He had no trade or calling of any dignity or stability whatever on which he could subsist while carrying out an intellectual labour which might spread over many years.

What was most required by citizens? Food, clothing, and shelter. An income from any work in preparing the first would be too meagre; for making the second he felt a distaste; the preparation of the third requisite he inclined to. They built in a city; therefore he would learn to build. He thought of his unknown uncle, his cousin Susanna's father, an ecclesiastical worker in metal, and somehow mediæval art in any material was a trade for which he had rather a fancy. He could not go far wrong in following his uncle's footsteps, and engaging himself awhile with the carcases that contained the scholar souls. No podía equivocarse mucho si seguía los pasos de su tío y se dedicaba un rato a los cadáveres que contenían las almas eruditas. As a preliminary he obtained some small blocks of freestone, metal not being available, and suspending his studies awhile, occupied his spare half-hours in copying the heads and capitals in his parish church.

There was a stone-mason of a humble kind in Alfredston, and as soon as he had found a substitute for himself in his aunt's little business, he offered his services to this man for a trifling wage. Here Jude had the opportunity of learning at least the rudiments of freestone-working. Some time later he went to a church-builder in the same place, and under the architect's direction became handy at restoring the dilapidated masonries of several village churches round about. Not forgetting that he was only following up this handicraft as a prop to lean on while he prepared those greater engines which he flattered himself would be better fitted for him, he yet was interested in his pursuit on its own account. He now had lodgings during the week in the little town, whence he returned to Marygreen village every Saturday evening. And thus he reached and passed his nineteenth year.