Adverbs
副词描述或提供有关动词、形容词、副词或短语的额外信息。
示例:
She was a very happy child.
He ate the hamburger quickly.
Her latest movie is absolutely terrifying!
Don't be gone for too long.
The old, dark house gave me a bad feeling.
地点副词
地点副词告诉我们某事发生的地点，不会改变形容词或副词的含义。
示例:
| about | downstairs | on |
| above | east (etc) | out |
| abroad | elsewhere | outside |
| anywhere | far | over |
| away | here | there |
| backwards (also backward) | indoors | under |
| Behind | inside | up |
| below | near | upstairs |
| down | nearby | where |
| off |
后缀“…ward”或”…ward“通常表示在指定方向上的移动。
|
Upwards |
The balloon floated upwards when she let it go. |
|
Downward |
The downward dog is his favourite yoga position. |
|
Backwards |
He fell backwards off the horse. |
|
Forward |
Please move forward so I may get by. |
|
Westward |
The westward facing house was the one they liked the most. |
后缀“…where”也与部分地点副词一起使用。
|
Nowhere |
I have nowhere to go on the weekend, I need to make a plan. |
|
Anywhere |
Is there anywhere you would like to visit while you're here? |
|
Somewhere |
I have to find somewhere with a washroom. |
|
Everywhere |
I've looked everywhere for it. |
时间副词
这些副词告诉我们时间发生的事件。时间副词也告诉我们某事发生的频率或持续的时间。
示例:
| 指代时间的副词 | 指代频率的副词 | 指代持续时间的副词 |
|---|---|---|
| now | sometimes | ages |
| then | always | all day |
| today | usually | since last month |
| tomorrow | yearly | for several days |
| tonight | hourly | for many years |
| daily | since the '90s | |
| infrequently | many hours |
I have a meeting with him tomorrow.
We should go to the train station now.
He visits his grandmother yearly.
Ella sometimes adds strawberries to her yoghurt.
I have been using the app since last month.
Miguel has lived in New York since the '90s.
方式副词
方式副词告诉我们事情是怎么发生的。
示例:
| angrily | badly | beautifully | calmingly |
| carefully | cautiously | cleverly | dangerously |
| eagerly | excitedly | foolishly | fast |
| furiously | happily | greedily | hard |
| hurriedly | kindly | nervously | politely |
| quickly | quietly | secretly | silently |
| slowly | softly | stupidly | unhappily |
| well | wickedly | willingly | wisely |
Violet 暗自地希望她不需要去工作。
他紧张地摆弄着笔，等待着打开考卷。
这辆车非常危险地靠近人行道行驶。
当老师进来时，他们很快地就停止了交谈。
他傻傻地忘记了车钥匙，所以一定得回去。
程度副词
程度副词告诉我们某事发生的程度或范围。这类副词可以修饰动词、形容词和副词。
示例:
| Really | Slowly | Fairly | Quickly |
| Just | Very | Quite | Enough |
修饰动词的副词：
他正在慢慢地走向公园。
他们跳了一晚上跳够了。
Jenna 把书迅速地藏到了身后。
修饰形容词的副词：
孩子们对这只走失的狗非常友善。
这个酒店宴会厅非常漂亮。
他对他的新工作相当满意。
修饰副词的副词：
她已经学会了很好地下棋。
这些鸟很快地吃完了种子。
这个游戏确实是被很巧妙地制作的。
确定性副词
确定性副词表明我们对某事有多确定或肯定。
示例:
| Certainly | Definitely | Probably | Clearly |
| Undoubtedly | Obviously | Surely |
I'm definitely going to get tickets for that show.
He is clearly feeling guilty about lying to her.
You're obviously not enjoying this movie, let's turn it off.
I'll probably go to the gallery opening on the weekend.
从形容词构成副词
大多数时候，我们可以在形容词的末尾加上“-ly”来构成副词。
如果形容词以“y”结尾，则将“y”替换为”i“，并添加"-ly"。
如果形容词以“-able”、"-ible"或"-le"结尾，则将“-e”替换为”-y“。
如果形容词以“-ic”结尾，加上”-ally“。
| 形容词 | 动词 |
|---|---|
| happy | happily |
| gentle | gently |
| tragic | tragically |
| slow | slowly |
关系副词
关系副词连接句子或从句。关系副词为 "when"、 "where" 和"why"。
你知道他为什么这么沮丧吗？
我们举办活动的那天应该是晴朗的。
我们相遇的那所大学那里有一座美丽的图书馆。
疑问副词
我们使用疑问副词“when”、”where“、“why”和 "how"来构成疑问句。
When does the next bus arrive?
Where will you go for summer vacation?
How do I get to the nearest beach?
Why doesn’t he want to come out to dinner with us tonight?