Derfor kæmper milliardærer om førstepladsen i rummet ||billionaires||first place||space Warum Milliardäre um den ersten Platz im Weltraum kämpfen Why billionaires are fighting for first place in space

Der er et nyt rumkapløb i gang. ||||space race|| There's a new space race on.

Og det er ikke Rusland og USA, som kæmper om at erobre verdensrummet. |||||||||||conquer|outer space And it's not Russia and the US that are fighting to conquer space.

Det er tre milliardærer. That's three billionaires.

De vil ikke kun gøre almindelige mennesker til rumturister ... |||||ordinary|||space tourists They don't just want to turn ordinary people into space tourists...

... men også sende tusinder af satellitter i kredsløb om Jorden. |||||||orbit around Earth|| ... but also send thousands of satellites into Earth orbit.

Og det bekymrer mange eksperter. ||concerns|| And that worries many experts.

I mange år var det at sende raketter eller astronauter ud i rummet - |||||||rockets||astronauts||| For many years, sending rockets or astronauts into space

- forbeholdt store organisationer eller rumfartsnationer. reserved for||||spacefaring nations - reserved for large organizations or aerospace nations.

Og opsendelsen af satellitter var virkelig dyrt. |the launch|||||expensive And launching satellites was really expensive.

Satellitten sendes op med en Atlas Agena-raket. The satellite|||||Atlas rocket||rocket The satellite is launched with an Atlas Agena rocket.

Men da det lykkedes rigmanden Richard Branson ... ||||the wealthy man|| But when rich man Richard Branson managed to...

... og senere Amazon-stifter Jeff Bezos - |||founder of Amazon|| ... and later Amazon founder Jeff Bezos

- at rejse ud i rummet i hver deres private fartøj - |||||||||spacecraft - to travel into space in their own private craft.

- blev det for alvor slået fast, at den tid er forbi. - it became clear that those days are over.

Selvom ikke alle er begejstrede for - ||||enthusiastic about| While not everyone is enthusiastic about the

- at rigmænd vil tilbyde almindelige mennesker - |rich people|||| - that rich people want to offer ordinary people

- at blive astronauter for en dag - - to become astronauts for a day

- så kan rumturisme blive en stor forretning i fremtiden ||space tourism|||||| - space tourism could be big business in the future

Deres næste trin bliver rumhoteller. Det stopper jo ikke her. ||||space hotels||||| Their next step will be space hotels. But it doesn't stop there.

Men at de tre rigmænd har investeret milliarder i det nye rumkapløb - But the fact that the three rich men have invested billions in the new space race

- handler ikke kun om rumturisme eller berømmelse. ||||||fame - isn't just about space tourism or fame.

Det handler lige så meget om - It's just as much about

- hvem der kan kontrollere det jordnære kredsløb. |||||earthly| - who can control the near-Earth orbit.

Et område 160-1000 km over Jordens overflade - |||||Earth's surface An area 160-1000 km above the Earth's surface

- som har stor betydning for vores hverdag. ||||||everyday life - that have a huge impact on our everyday lives.

Her er størstedelen af alle satellitter - Here are the majority of all satellites

- som blandt andet har givet os billeder som det her - - which, among other things, has given us images like this one

- hjælper os med at forudse vejret og har gjort Google Earth til en ting. ||||predict||||||||| - helps us predict the weather and has made Google Earth a thing.

Det er dybt fascinerende. |||deeply fascinating It's deeply fascinating.

Der er omkring 7700 satellitter i kredsløb om Jorden. There are around 7700 satellites orbiting the Earth.

Cirka halvdelen af dem virker stadig. About half of them still work.

Nogle af dem er ejet af regeringer eller militæret. Some of them are owned by governments or the military.

Men 70 % af dem er kommercielle, altså ejet af private firmaer. ||||commercial||||| But 70% of them are commercial, i.e. owned by private companies.

De seneste år er antallet af privatejede satellitter steget vildt. ||||||privately owned||| In recent years, the number of privately owned satellites has skyrocketed.

Elon Musk, altså manden bag Tesla - |||||Tesla Elon Musk, the man behind Tesla

- har sendt over 1300 små satellitter i kredsløb ifm. Starlink-projektet - |||||||in connection with|Starlink project| - has sent over 1300 small satellites into orbit as part of the Starlink project. Starlink project.

- der skal give hele verden internetadgang. |||||internet access - to give the whole world access to the internet.

Han sender omkring 120 satellitter op om måneden. ||||||per month He launches around 120 satellites a month.

Og i 2027 håber han på at have sendt 42.000 satellitter i kredsløb. And by 2027, he hopes to have sent 42,000 satellites into orbit.

Over fem gange så mange satellitter, som der er i rummet nu. Over five times as many satellites as there are in space now.

Da 40 % af verdens befolkning ikke har adgang til internettet - With 40% of the world's population not having access to the internet

- er det her et marked, hvor der kan være mange penge at tjene. - this is a market where there's a lot of money to be made.

Derfor arbejder Jeff Bezos og andre firmaer på lignende projekter. That's why Jeff Bezos and other companies are working on similar projects.

Opsendelse af private satellitter er blevet big business. Launch||||||| Launching private satellites has become big business.

Der er et kapløb, både mellem nationer og kommercielle aktører - |||race|||nations|||commercial players There is a race, both between nations and commercial players

- for at placere sit isenkram i de vigtigste kredsløb og holde på dem. ||place||hardware|||||||| - to place your hardware in the most important circuits and keep them there.

Så der ikke er plads til andre der. Det er en måde at sikre sig monopol. So there's no room for anyone else there. It's a way to secure a monopoly.

Hjalte Osborne Frandsen er rumjurist - Hjalte||||space law expert Hjalte Osborne Frandsen is a space lawyer

- og skriver en ph.d. om lovgivning i rummet. |||PhD|PhD||legislation|| - and is writing a PhD on space law.

Udviklingen går så hurtigt i dag. Der skydes tusinder af satellitter op. Things are moving so fast these days. Thousands of satellites are being launched.

Og vi mangler infrastrukturen til at håndtere det på en fornuftig måde. |||the infrastructure|||handle||||sensible|way And we lack the infrastructure to handle it in a sensible way.

FN-traktaterne, som skal regulere rummet - UN|the UN treaties|||| The UN treaties that regulate space -

- blev lavet under Den Kolde Krig - - were made during the Cold War -

- hvor især USA og Rusland kæmpede om verdensrummet. |especially||||||outer space - where the US and Russia, in particular, fought for space.

I Ydre rum-traktaten fra 67 står der, at ingen kan gøre krav på rummet - The Outer Space Treaty of 67 states that no one can claim space

- og at masseødelæggelsesvåben ikke må sendes i kredsløb. ||Weapons of mass destruction||||| - and that weapons of mass destruction must not be put into orbit.

Men der står ikke særlig meget om regler for private firmaer. But it doesn't say much about rules for private companies.

Under Den Kolde Krig tænkte man ikke på private aktører som rumaktører. |||||||||||space actors During the Cold War, private actors were not thought of as space actors.

Derfor står vi i en situation, hvor der ikke er noget, der forhindrer - Therefore, we are in a situation where there is nothing to prevent

- at der skydes raketter op, så længe man får lov af sit eget land. - that rockets can be launched as long as your own country allows it.

Og det kan blive et problem. And that can be a problem.

For selvom rummet virker uendeligt, er der faktisk begrænset plads. ||||infinite||||| Because even though the room seems endless, space is actually limited.

Udover alle satellitterne er der nemlig også meget rumskrot. ||the satellites||||||space debris In addition to all the satellites, there is also a lot of space junk.

If. Det Europæiske Rumagentur er der 34.000 stykker rumskrot i kredsløb - |||Space agency|||||| According to the European Space Agency. European Space Agency, there are 34,000 pieces of space junk in orbit.

- som er større end 10 cm. - that are larger than 10 cm.

Man mener, at der er 900.000 stykker på 1-10 cm - It is believed that there are 900,000 pieces of 1-10 cm

- og 128 millioner stykker, der er mellem 1 mm og 1 cm. - and 128 million pieces that are between 1 mm and 1 cm.

Og da mange af stykkerne flyver med over 28.000 km/t. - ||||the pieces||||| And since many of the pieces fly at over 28,000 km/h.

- kan selv de mindste stykker rumskrot gøre virkelig stor skade. - even the smallest pieces of space junk can do a lot of damage.

I 2009 stødte to satellitter sammen og skabte over 2000 stykker rumskrot. In 2009, two satellites collided and created over 2000 pieces of space junk.

Nogle af dem var i 2014 tæt på at ramme den internationale rumstation. |||||||||||space station Some of them came close to hitting the International Space Station in 2014.

Eksperter frygter, at sammenstød mellem satellitter eller rumskrot - Experts fear that collisions between satellites or space debris

- kan starte en kædereaktion, det såkaldte Kessler-syndrom. |||chain reaction|||Kessler|syndrome - can start a chain reaction, known as Kessler syndrome.

At der skabes så meget rumskrot, så man ikke kan forlade Jorden - |||||space debris|||||leave| Creating so much space debris that you can't leave the Earth

- fordi det jordnære kredsløb vil være fyldt med skrot. |||orbit|||||debris - because the near-Earth orbit will be filled with junk.

Udover at det vil begrænse os til vores planet - ||||||||our planet Besides limiting us to our planet.

- vil det umuliggøre meget forskning og meget af det, vi tager for givet. ||make impossible|||||||||| - it will make much research and much of what we take for granted impossible.

At vi kan finde hjem, og pizzabuddet kan finde ud af, hvor vi bor. ||||||the pizza delivery||||||| That we can find our way home and the pizza delivery guy can find out where we live.

Vi vil muligvis miste den mulighed. We may lose that opportunity.

Og selvom meget rumskrot vil brænde op i atmosfæren og forsvinde - ||||||||||disappear And even though a lot of space debris will burn up in the atmosphere and disappear

- så kan det tage flere generationer. - it can take several generations.

Heldigvis er sandsynligheden for, at det vil ske lige nu meget lille. ||the likelihood||||||||| Fortunately, the likelihood of that happening right now is very low.

Mange firmaer og internationale organisationer har forsøgt - Many companies and international organizations have tried to

- at udvikle teknologier og retningslinjer - ||technologies||guidelines - developing technologies and guidelines

- der skal mindske mængden af rumskrot. ||reduce|amount|| - to reduce the amount of space debris.

Selvom vi bliver bedre, så hvis vi mangedobler antallet af opsendelser - |||||||"multiply many times"|||launches Even if we get better, if we multiply the number of launches...

- må det ikke gå galt mange gange, før vi ser en stor vækst i rumskrald. ||||||||||||increase in debris||space debris - it can't go wrong many times before we see a big growth in space junk.

Det nye rumkapløb vil uden tvivl afføde teknologier og opdagelser - ||||||give rise to|||discoveries The new space race will undoubtedly spawn technologies and discoveries

- der kan forbedre vores liv og måske endda løse nogle klimaproblemer. ||||||||||climate issues - that can improve our lives and maybe even solve some climate issues.

Men det kan blive et stort problem - But it can be a big problem - and it's a big problem.

- at vi ikke har klare regler for, hvor meget vi sender i kredsløb. - that we don't have clear rules on how much we send into orbit.

Når man er i sit pessimistiske lune, føler man - |||||pessimistic|pessimistic mood|| When you're in your pessimistic mood, you feel

- at det først bliver reguleret, når en satellit rammer rumstationen. ||||adjusted|||satellite||space station - that it is only regulated when a satellite hits the space station.