Epistula III: de Amictia Vera Letter|III|about|Friendship|True Brief III: Über wahre Freundschaft Épître III : sur la véritable amitié Brief III: over ware vriendschap List III: O prawdziwej przyjaźni 书信三：论真正的友谊 Letter III: On True Friendship

III. three III. III. SENECA LUCILIO SUO SALUTEM Seneca|Lucilius|his|greetings SENECA TO HIS FRIEND LUCILIUS GREETING

[de Amicitia vera] of|Friendship|true [On True Friendship]

[1] Epistulas ad me perferendas tradidisti, ut scribis, amico tuo; deinde admones me ne omnia cum eo ad te pertinentia communicem, quia non soleas ne ipse quidem id facere: ita eādem epistulā illum et dixisti amicum et negasti. letters|to|me|to be delivered|you entrusted|as|you write|to a friend|your|then|you warn|me|not|all things|with|him|to|you|pertaining|I communicate|because|not|you are accustomed|not|he|even|that|to do|thus|the same|letter|him|and|you said|friend|and|you denied Sie haben die Botschaften, die mir übermittelt werden sollen, während Sie schreiben, Ihrem Freund übermittelt; dann ermahnen Sie mich, nicht alles mit ihm zu teilen, was Sie betrifft, weil Sie es nicht gewohnt sind, es selbst zu tun. [1] Vous avez remis les lettres qui devaient m'être remises, au moment où vous l'écrivez, à votre ami ; alors tu me préviens de ne pas lui communiquer tout ce qui te concerne, parce que tu n'as pas l'habitude de le faire toi-même : tu lui as donc écrit la même lettre, tu l'as traité d'ami et tu l'as nié. [1] You entrusted letters to be delivered to me, as you write, to your friend; then you warn me not to share everything related to you with him, because you yourself are not accustomed to do that: thus in the same letter you called him a friend and denied it. Itaque si proprio illo verbo quasi publico usus es et sic illum amicum vocasti quomodo omnes candidatos 'bonos viros' dicimus, quomodo obvios, si nomen non succurrit, 'dominos' salutamus, hac abierit. Therefore|if|own|that|word|as if|public|use|you are|and|thus|that|friend|you called|just as|all|candidates|good|men|we say|just as|those who are present|if|name|not|comes to mind|gentlemen|we greet|in this way|he will have gone Et donc si vous utilisiez ce mot approprié comme si vous étiez public et que vous appeliez cet ami de la même manière que nous appelons tous les candidats des « hommes bons », comment nous les rencontrons, si le nom ne nous aide pas, nous les saluons comme des « messieurs ». ', ça va disparaître. Therefore, if you used that very word as if it were public and called him a friend just as we call all candidates 'good men', just as we greet strangers, if the name does not come to mind, as 'lords', he will have departed. Epistulas…perferendas… amico tuo = epistulas quas amicus tuus mihi det letters|to be delivered|to the friend|your|letters|which|friend|your|to me|gives Lettres… à remettre… à ton ami = les lettres que ton ami me donnera Letters...to be delivered...to your friend = the letters which your friend gives to me.

negasti = negaveristi you denied|you denied tu as nié = tu as nié denied = you denied.

quasi publico = sensu vulgari as if|public|sense|vulgar quasi publico = au sens commun almost public = in common sense

vocasti = vocaveristi you called|you called you called = you have called

obvios = quos foris forte conveniamus = omnes quos in via videamus et salutemus whom|whom|outside|by chance|we may meet|all|whom|in|road|we see|and|we greet rencontré = qui nous rencontrons dehors = tous ceux que nous voyons et saluons sur la route encounters = those whom we might meet outside = all whom we see and greet on the road

si nomen non succurit = si nomen obliviscimur if|name|not|occurs|||we forget si le nom n'aide pas = si on oublie le nom if the name does not come to mind = if we forget the name

hac abierit = fiat = liceat this|he/she/it will have gone|let it be done|let it be permitted let it be done = let it be allowed

[2] Sed si aliquem amicum existimas cui non tantundem credis quantum tibi, vehementer erras et non satis nosti vim verae amicitiae. But|if|someone|friend|you think|to whom|not|as much|you trust|as much|to you|greatly|you are mistaken|and|not|enough|you know|power|true|of friendship [2] Cependant, si un ami en qui j'ai confiance comme vous avez tout à fait tort et je ne comprends pas très bien ce qu'est la véritable amitié. But if you think of a friend whom you do not trust as much as yourself, you are greatly mistaken and do not sufficiently understand the power of true friendship. Tu vero omnia cum amico delibera, sed de ipso prius: post amicitiam credendum est, ante amicitiam iudicandum. You|truly|everything|with|friend|deliberate|but|about|him||after|friendship|to be trusted|is|before|friendship|to be judged Mais c'est avec votre ami que vous décidez de tout, mais de lui d'abord : après l'amitié il faut croire, avant l'amitié il faut juger. You should indeed deliberate everything with a friend, but first about the friend himself: after friendship, one must trust, before friendship, one must judge. Isti vero praepostero officia permiscent qui, contra praecepta Theophrasti, cum amaverunt iudicant, et non amant cum iudicaverunt. They|truly|perverse|duties|mix|who|against|precepts|of Theophrastus|when|they loved|they judge|and|not|they love|when|they judged Ceux qui, contrairement aux préceptes de Théophraste, jugent quand ils ont aimé, et n'aiment pas quand ils ont jugé, mélangeront les offices de préfet. Those who mix up their duties in a backward manner are indeed the ones who, contrary to the teachings of Theophrastus, judge after they have loved, and do not love after they have judged. Diu cogita an tibi in amicitiam aliquis recipiendus sit. For a long time|I think|whether|to you|into|friendship|someone|to be received|should be Réfléchissez longuement à la question de savoir si vous devez accepter quelqu'un comme ami. Think for a long time whether someone should be received into your friendship. Cum placuerit fieri, toto illum pectore admitte; tam audaciter cum illo loquere quam tecum. When|shall have pleased|to be done|whole|him|with heart|admit|as|boldly|with|him|speak|as|with you Quand cela vous plaît, admettez-le de tout votre cœur ; parler avec lui aussi hardiment qu'avec vous. When it is pleasing to do so, admit him with your whole heart; speak with him as boldly as you do with yourself.

tantundem = tantum vero the same amount|only|truly tellement = seulement tellement the same = only truly

nosti = novisti you knew|you have known tu sais = tu savais you know = you have known

praepostero = perverse perverse| prepostero = perversement perverse = praepostero

cum amaverunt = postquam amicitiam fecerunt = aliquo in amicitiam recepto when|they loved|after|friendship|they made|someone|into|friendship|received quand ils ont aimé = après avoir noué amitié = avoir reçu quelqu'un en amitié after they loved = after they made friendship = after someone was received into friendship

an = utrum = num = si whether|whether|whether|if an = si = si = si or = whether = if

cum placuerit fieri = postquam visum est ut ita eveniret when|it has been decided|to happen|after|seen|it was|that|so|would happen quand cela plaisait d'être fait = après qu'il ait été vu que cela devait arriver ainsi when it was pleasing to happen = after it seemed that it would happen this way

[3] Tu quidem ita vive ut nihil tibi committas nisi quod committere etiam inimico tuo possis; sed quia interveniunt quaedam quae consuetudo fecit arcana, cum amico omnes curas, omnes cogitationes tuas misce. You|indeed|in such a way|live|that|nothing|to you|commit|except|what|to commit|even|enemy|your||but|because|intervene|certain things|which|custom|has made|secret|with|friend|all|cares|all|thoughts|your|mix [3] En effet, vivez de telle manière que vous ne vous engagez pour vous-même que ce que vous pouvez aussi confier à votre ennemi ; mais puisqu'il intervient des choses que l'habitude a rendues mystérieuses, mélangez tous vos soucis, toutes vos pensées avec votre ami. Indeed, live in such a way that you commit nothing to yourself except what you could also commit to your enemy; but because certain things intervene that custom has made secret, mix all your cares and thoughts with your friend. Fidelem si putaveris, facies; nam quidam fallere docuerunt dum timent falli, et illi ius peccandi suspicando fecerunt. faithful|if|you will have thought|you will do|for|certain ones|to deceive|taught|while|they fear|to be deceived|and|they|right|to sin||they made Si vous pensez être fidèle, vous le ferez ; car certains leur ont appris à tromper alors qu'ils craignaient d'être trompés, et ils leur ont fait soupçonner le droit de pécher. If you think someone is faithful, you will act accordingly; for some have learned to deceive while fearing to be deceived, and they have made it lawful to sin by suspecting. Quid est quare ego ulla verba coram amico meo retraham? What|is|why|I|any|words|in front of|friend|my|should withdraw Pourquoi devrais-je retenir des mots devant mon ami ? What is the reason that I should retract any words in front of my friend? quid est quare me coram illo non putem solum? what|is|why|me|in front of|him|not|I think|alone Quelle est la raison pour laquelle je ne pense pas être seul devant lui ? What is the reason that I do not think I am alone in front of him?

interveniunt = eveniunt they intervene|they happen intervene = happen

consuetudo fecit arcana = mores fecerunt secreta custom|made|secrets|morals|| custom made secrets = customs made secrets

facies: sc. face| face: sc. eum huius generis him|of this|kind him of this kind

coram amico = apud amicum = ante oculos amici before|friend|near|friend|before|eyes|friend in the presence of a friend = at a friend's house = before the eyes of a friend

[4] Quidam quae tantum amicis committenda sunt obviis narrant, et in quaslibet aures quidquid illos urit exonerant; quidam rursus etiam carissimorum conscientiam reformidant et, si possent, ne sibi quidem credituri interius premunt omne secretum. Some|which|only|to friends|to be entrusted|are|encountered|they tell|and|in|any||whatever|them|burns|they unburden|some|again|even|of the dearest|consciousness|they fear|and|if|they could|not|to themselves|even|believing|inwardly|they suppress|every|secret [4] Les uns disent aux gens des choses qui ne doivent être confiées qu'à des amis, et déversent dans les oreilles ce qui les brûle ; certains, encore une fois, rétrécissent même la conscience de leurs proches, et, s'ils le pouvaient, ils cachent intérieurement chaque secret afin qu'ils n'y croient même pas. Some people tell things that should only be entrusted to friends to anyone they meet, and they unload whatever burdens them into any ears; others, on the other hand, even fear the conscience of their dearest ones and, if they could, would not even trust themselves, pressing down every secret within. Neutrum faciendum est; utrumque enim vitium est, et omnibus credere et nulli, sed alterum honestius dixerim vitium, alterum tutius. Neither|to be done|is|both|for|vice|is|and|to everyone|to believe|and|to no one|but|the other|more honorable|I would say|vice|the other|safer Ni l’un ni l’autre ne doit être fait ; car tous deux sont des vices, et il faut croire tout et rien : mais je dirais plus honnêtement que l'un est un vice, l'autre est plus sûr. Neither should be done; for both are vices, to believe everyone and to believe no one, but I would say one vice is more honorable, the other safer.

urit = vexat burns|vexes vexes = annoys

carissimorum conscientiam reformidant = propter timorem carissimos res suas scire nolunt dearest|awareness|they fear again|because of|fear|dearest ones|things|their|to know|they do not want They fear the awareness of their dearest ones = because of fear, they do not want their dearest ones to know their affairs.

[5] Sic utrosque reprehendas, et eos qui semper inquieti sunt, et eos qui semper quiescunt. Thus|both|you reprimand|and|them|who|always|restless|are|and|them|who|always|are quiet [5] Ainsi vous critiquez à la fois ceux qui sont toujours inquiets et ceux qui sont toujours au repos. Thus, you may rebuke both, those who are always restless and those who are always at rest. Nam illa tumultu gaudens non est industria sed exagitatae mentis concursatio, et haec non est quies quae motum omnem molestiam iudicat, sed dissolutio et languor. For|that|tumult|rejoicing|not|is|industry|but|agitated|mind|agitation|and|this|not|is|rest|which|movement|all|disturbance|judges|but|dissolution|and|languor Car ce tumulte joyeux n'est pas l'énergie, mais le concours d'un esprit agité, et ce n'est pas le repos qui juge chaque mouvement d'après le trouble, mais la détente et la langueur. For that tumultuous joy is not industry but a disturbance of the mind, and this is not rest which judges all movement as troublesome, but dissolution and languor.

exagitatae = quasi excitatae et educatae a venatorbius almost excited and educated|as if|excited|and|educated|by|hunters Disturbance = as if excited and raised by hunters.

[6] Itaque hoc quod apud Pomponium legi animo mandabitur: 'quidam adeo in latebras refugerunt ut putent in turbido esse quidquid in luce est'. Therefore|this|which|at|Pomponius|I read|in mind|will be committed|a certain|so much|into|hiding places|they fled|so that|they think|in|darkness|to be|whatever|in|light|is [6] C'est pourquoi cela sera ordonné dans l'esprit de ce qui a été lu par Pomponius : « Certains se sont tellement cachés qu'ils pensent que tout ce qui est dans la lumière est dans un nuage. » [6] Therefore, this which I read in Pomponius will be committed to memory: 'some have retreated so far into hiding that they think whatever is in the light is in turmoil.' Inter se ista miscenda sunt: et quiescenti agendum et agenti quiescendum est. Among|themselves|those things|must be mixed|are|and|to the quiet|must act|and|to the active|must be quieted|is Ceux-ci doivent être mélangés les uns aux autres : et celui qui est au repos doit agir, et l'agent doit se reposer. These things must be mixed among themselves: and the one at rest must act, and the one acting must be at rest. Cum rerum natura delibera: illa dicet tibi et diem fecisse se et noctem. When|of things|nature|deliberates|she|will tell|to you|and|day|having made|herself|and|night Quand la nature décide : elle vous dira qu'elle a fait le jour et la nuit. When the nature of things deliberates: it will tell you that it has made both day and night. Vale. Farewell Farewell.

animo mandabitur = memoriae mandandum est = memoriae committi debet in mind|it will be entrusted|to memory|to be entrusted|is||to be committed|ought to it must be entrusted to the mind = it must be committed to memory = it should be entrusted to memory

latebras = recessus obscuros et aptos ad latendum et praedonibus caros recesses|recess|dark|and|suitable|for|hiding|and|predators|expensive hiding places = dark recesses suitable for hiding and dear to predators

in turbido = quasi in aqua turbida, in caeno in|muddy|like|in|water|muddy|in|mud in the murky = as in muddy water, in mud

in turbido…luce est = aliquid obscurum esse lucidum in|murky|light|is|something|dark|to be|clear in the murky...there is light = something dark is becoming clear

inter se ista miscenda sunt = fiat modus in rebus = nihil nimium = festina lente between|themselves|those things|to be mixed|are|let it be|measure|in|things|nothing|too much|hurry|slowly These things must be mixed among themselves = let there be moderation in things = nothing too much = make haste slowly

cum rerum natura delibera = in colloquium cum veritate ineas when|of things|nature|deliberates|in|conversation|with|truth|you enter When you deliberate on the nature of things = you enter into a conversation with truth