Gellius VI: Ius Iurandum, Libri Incensi, Alexander 蓋利烏斯|||誓言||焚毀的書籍|亞歷山大 Gellius|VI|Law|Oath|Books|of Incense|Alexander Gellius VI : Le droit de prêter serment, Libri Incensi, Alexandre Gellius VI: The Oath, Books of the Incensed, Alexander

VI.18. 6 VI.18. De observata custoditaque apud Romanos iurisiurandi sanctimonia; atque inibi de decem captivis, quos Romam Hannibal deiurio ab his accepto legavit. |觀察到的|遵守||羅馬人|誓言神圣|神聖性|以及|其中||十名俘虜|俘虜们|||漢尼拔|誓言约定||他的||遗赠给 Of|observed|and kept|among|the Romans|of the oath|sanctity|and|there|concerning|ten||whom|to Rome|Hannibal|by the perjury|from|them|having received|he sent ||||||santidade do juramento||ali naquele lugar|||||||o juramento|||aceito| On the observed and maintained sanctity of the oath among the Romans; and there about the ten captives, whom Hannibal bequeathed to Rome after receiving them under an oath. 1 Iusiurandum apud Romanos inviolate sancteque habitum servatumque est. oath|among|Romans|inviolable|and sacred|custom|and preserved|is 1 The oath among the Romans has been held and preserved as inviolable and sacred. Id et moribus legibusque multis ostenditur, et hoc, quod dicemus, ei rei non tenue argumentum esse potest. It|and|by customs|and by laws|many|is shown|and|this|which|we will say|to that|thing|not|slight|argument|to be|can This is shown by many customs and laws, and what we will say serves as no meager argument for that matter. 2 Post proelium Cannense Hannibal, Carthaginiensium imperator, ex captivis nostris electos decem Romam misit mandavitque eis pactusque est, ut, si populo Romano videretur, permutatio fieret captivorum et pro his, quos alteri plures acciperent, darent argenti pondo libram et selibram. After|battle|of Cannae|Hannibal|of the Carthaginians|general|from|captives|our|chosen|ten|to Rome|he sent|and he ordered|to them|and he agreed|was|that|if|to the people|Roman|seemed|exchange|would happen|of captives|and|for|these|whom|the other|more|would receive|they would give|of silver|by weight|one pound|and|half a pound After the battle of Cannae, Hannibal, the commander of the Carthaginians, sent ten selected prisoners from our forces to Rome and ordered them, and made an agreement, that if it seemed good to the Roman people, a exchange of prisoners would take place, and for those who received more from the other side, they would give a pound and a half of silver. 3 Hoc, priusquam proficiscerentur, iusiurandum eos adegit redituros esse in castra Poenica, si Romani captivos non permutarent. This|before|they set out|oath|them|compelled|to return|to be|to|camp|Punic|if|Romans|captives|not|exchanged Before they set out, he compelled them to take an oath that they would return to the Punic camp if the Romans did not exchange the captives. 4 Veniunt Romam decem captivi. They come|to Rome|ten|captives Ten captives arrive in Rome. 5 Mandatum Poeni imperatoris in senatu exponunt. The command|Carthaginians|of the general|in|the senate|they explain 5 The command of the Punic emperor is being presented in the Senate. 6 Permutatio senatui non placita. The change|to the senate|not|pleasing 6 The exchange was not pleasing to the Senate. 7 Parentes cognati adfinesque captivorum amplexi eos postliminio in patriam redisse dicebant statumque eorum integrum incolumemque esse ac, ne ad hostes redire vellent, orabant. The parents|relatives|and in-laws|of the captives|having embraced|them|by the right of postliminium|into|their country|had returned|they were saying|and the condition|of them|whole|and safe|to be|and|not|to|the enemies|return|they would want|they were praying ||in-laws||||retorno ao lar|||||||||||||||| 7 The parents, relatives, and in-laws of the captives, having embraced them, said that they had returned to their homeland under the law of return and that their condition was intact and safe, and they were begging that they would not wish to return to the enemy. 8 Tum octo ex his postliminium iustum non esse sibi responderunt, quoniam deiurio vincti forent, statimque, uti iurati erant, ad Hannibalem profecti sunt. Then|eight|from|these|right of return|just|not|to be|to themselves|they answered|because|by perjury|bound|they would be|and immediately|as|sworn|they were|to|Hannibal|having set out|they were 8 Then eight of them replied that the postliminium was not just for them, because they were bound by perjury, and immediately, as they had sworn, they set out to Hannibal. 9 Duo reliqui Romae manserunt solutosque esse se ac liberatos religione dicebant, quoniam, cum egressi castra hostium fuissent, commenticio consilio regressi eodem, tamquam si ob aliquam fortuitam causam, issent atque ita iureiurando satisfacto rursum iniurati abissent. Two|remaining|in Rome|stayed|and free|to be|themselves|and|freed|by religion|they were saying|since|when|having exited|camp|of the enemy|had been|fictitious|plan|having returned|to the same place|as if|if|for|some|accidental|cause|they had gone|and|thus|by an oath|having been satisfied|again|wronged|they had gone away |||||||||||||||||fabricated||||||||||||||||| 9 Two remained in Rome and said they were free and liberated from religion, since, after they had gone out of the enemy's camp, they returned back with a false plan, as if they had gone for some accidental reason, and thus, having fulfilled the oath, they left again as if wronged. 10 Haec eorum fraudulenta calliditas tam esse turpis existimata est, ut contempti vulgo discerptique sint censoresque eos postea omnium notarum et damnis et ignominiis adfecerint, quoniam, quod facturos deieraverant, non fecissent. These|their|fraudulent|cunning|so|to be|base|judged|is|that|despised|publicly|torn apart|they are|and the censors|them|afterwards|of all|marks|and|damages|and|dishonors|have afflicted|since|what|they would do|had sworn|not|they had done ||||||||||||despedaçados||censores os puniram|||||||||have afflicted|||||| 10 This deceitful cunning of theirs was considered so disgraceful that they were scorned and torn apart by the public, and the censors later subjected them to all kinds of penalties and disgrace because they had not done what they had sworn they would. 11 Cornelius autem Nepos in libro exemplorum quinto id quoque litteris mandavit multis in senatu placuisse, ut hi, qui redire nollent, datis custodibus ad Hannibalem deducerentur, sed eam sententiam numero plurium, quibus id non videretur, superatam; eos tamen, qui ad Hannibalem non redissent, usque adeo intestabiles invisosque fuisse, ut taedium vitae ceperint necemque sibi consciverint. Cornelius|however|Nepos|in|book|of examples|fifth|that|also|by letters|commanded|many|in|senate|had pleased|that|those|who|to return|did not want|with guards|guards|to|Hannibal|should be led|but|that|opinion|by the number|of more|to whom|that|not|seemed|overcome|them|however|who|to|Hannibal|not|had returned|so|so much|without legal status|and hated|had been|that|weariness|of life|had seized|and death|to themselves|had inflicted ||||||||||||||||||||||||fossem levados||||||||||||||||||||"Disqualified from wills"|hated and shunned||||||e suicidaram|| 11 However, Cornelius Nepos recorded in the fifth book of exemplars that it was agreed by many in the Senate that those who did not wish to return should be led to Hannibal with guards assigned to them, but this resolution was overruled by the number of those who did not see it that way; those, however, who did not return to Hannibal were so detested and abominable that they were overcome by a weariness of life and committed suicide.

VII.17. 7 VII.17. Quis omnium primus libros publice praebuerit legendos; quantusque numerus fuerit Athenis ante clades Persicas librorum in bibliothecis publicorum.1 Libros Athenis disciplinarum liberalium publice ad legendum praebendos primus posuisse dicitur Pisistratus tyrannus. Who|of all|first|books|publicly|provided|to be read|and how great|number|was|in Athens|before|disasters|Persian|of books|in|libraries|of public|Books|in Athens|of the liberal arts|liberal|publicly|for|reading|to be provided|first|to have placed|is said|Pisistratus|tyrant Who first provided books publicly for reading; and how great the number of books was in Athens before the Persian disasters in the public libraries. It is said that Pisistratus the tyrant was the first to place books for public reading in Athens concerning the liberal arts. Deinceps studiosius accuratiusque ipsi Athenienses auxerunt; sed omnem illam postea librorum copiam Xerxes Athenarum potitus urbe ipsa praeter arcem incensa abstulit asportavitque in Persas. subsequently|more diligently|and more accurately|they themselves|Athenians|increased|but|all|that|afterwards|of books|supply|Xerxes|of Athens|having taken|city|itself|besides|the acropolis|having been burned|took away|and carried off|to|the Persians Subsequently, the Athenians themselves increased them more diligently and accurately; but all that supply of books was later taken away by Xerxes, who, having captured the city of Athens, except for the Acropolis, carried them off to Persia. 2 Eos porro libros universos multis post tempestatibus Seleucus rex, qui Nicanor appellatus est, referendos Athenas curavit. them|furthermore|books|complete|many|after|storms|Seleucus|king|who|Nicanor|called|was|to be brought back|to Athens|ordered Furthermore, many years later, King Seleucus, who was called Nicanor, arranged for all those books to be returned to Athens. 3 Ingens postea numerus librorum in Aegypto ab Ptolemaeis regibus vel conquisitus vel confectus est ad milia ferme voluminum septingenta; sed ea omnia bello priore Alexandrino, dum diripitur ea civitas, non sponte neque opera consulta, sed a militibus forte auxiliaris incensa sunt. Huge|afterwards|number|of books|in|Egypt|by|Ptolemaic|kings|either|conquered|or|produced|was|to|thousands|almost|of scrolls|seven hundred|but|those|all|war|previous|Alexandrian|while|is plundered|that|city|not|voluntarily|nor|efforts||but|by|soldiers|accidentally|auxiliary|burned|were ||||||||||adquirido||produzido||||||setecentos aproximadamente||||||||is plundered||||||||||||auxiliary soldiers|| 3 Later, a huge number of books in Egypt was either acquired or compiled by the Ptolemaic kings, amounting to almost seven hundred thousand volumes; but all of them were burned not voluntarily or by deliberate action, but accidentally by auxiliary soldiers during the prior Alexandrian war as the city was being sacked.

IX.3. 9 IX.3. Epistula Philippi regis ad Aristotelem philosophum super Alexandro recens nato. The letter|of Philip|king|to|Aristotle|philosopher|concerning|Alexander|recently|born Letter of King Philip to the philosopher Aristotle about the recently born Alexander. I. Philippus, Amyntae filius, terrae Macedoniae rex, cuius virtute industriaque Macetae locupletissimo imperio aucti gentium nationumque multarum potiri coeperant et cuius vim atque arma toti Graeciae cavenda metuendaque inclitae illae Demosthenis orationes contionesque vocificant, II. Philip|||of|of the land|of Macedonia|king|whose|virtue|and industry|Macedonians|most prosperous|empire|having been increased|of nations|and of peoples|many|to gain possession of|they had begun|and|whose|force|and|arms|to all|of Greece|to be avoided|and to be feared|renowned|those|of Demosthenes|speeches|and assemblies|they call|II ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||ilustres||||speeches and assemblies|| I. Philip, son of Amyntas, king of the land of Macedonia, whose valor and industry had begun to empower the Macedonians to possess a most wealthy empire of many nations and peoples, and whose might and arms were to be feared and avoided by all of Greece, as famously called forth in the renowned speeches and addresses of Demosthenes, II. is Philippus, cum in omni fere tempore negotiis belli victoriisque adfectus exercitusque esset, a liberali tamen Musa et a studiis humanitatis numquam afuit, quin lepide comiterque pleraque et faceret et diceret. |Philip|when|in|all|almost|time|affairs|of war|and victories|affected|and the army|was|by|liberal|nevertheless|Muse|and|by|studies|of humanity|never|was absent|without|wittily||most things|and|did|and|said |||||||||||||||||||||||||amigavelmente||||| That Philip, although he was constantly engaged in the affairs of war and was affected by victories and armies, was never absent from the liberal Muse and from the studies of humanity, nor did he fail to do and say many things with both charm and kindness. III. three III. Feruntur adeo libri epistularum eius munditiae et venustatis et prudentiae plenarum, velut sunt illae litterae, quibus Aristoteli philosopho natum esse sibi Alexandrum nuntiavit. They are reported|to such a degree|books|of letters|his|cleanliness|and|beauty|and|wisdom|full|just as|are|those|letters|by which|to Aristotle|philosopher|born|to be|to him|Alexander|announced His letters are said to be of such cleanliness and beauty and fullness of wisdom, as those letters by which it was announced to the philosopher Aristotle that Alexander was born to him. IV. 4 IV. Ea epistula, quoniam curae diligentiaeque in liberorum disciplinas hortamentum est, exscribenda visa est ad commonendos parentum animos. That|letter|since|care|and diligence|in|children's|studies|encouragement|is|to be copied|having been seen|is|for|encouraging|parents|minds ||||||||incentivo|||||||| That letter, since it is an encouragement of care and diligence in the disciplines of children, seemed worthy of being transcribed to remind the minds of parents. V. Exponenda est igitur ad hanc ferme sententiam: "Philippus Aristoteli salutem dicit. It must be explained|to be explained|is|therefore|to|this|almost|sentence|Philip|to Aristotle|health|says V. Therefore, it should be explained in this almost exact wording: "Philip sends greetings to Aristotle. Filium mihi genitum scito. Son|to me|born|know Know that a son has been born to me. Quod equidem dis habeo gratiam, non proinde quia natus est, quam pro eo, quod eum nasci contigit temporibus vitae tuae. that|indeed|gods|I have|gratitude|not|therefore|because|born|is|than|for|him|that|him|to be born|happened|in the times|of life|your For I indeed have gratitude to the gods, not so much because he was born, but because it happened that he was born in the times of your life. Spero enim fore, ut eductus eruditusque a te dignus exsistat et nobis et rerum istarum susceptione." I hope|for|will be|that|educated|and learned|by|you|worthy|may exist|and|to us|and|of things|those|undertaking |||||||||||||||undertaking For I hope that, when raised and educated by you, he will prove worthy to both us and the undertaking of those matters. VI. 6 VI. Ipsius autem Philippi verba haec sunt: Philippos Aristotelei chairein. of him|however|Philip's|words|these|are|to Philip|of Aristotle|greetings These are the words of Philip himself: 'Greetings from Philip, son of Aristotle.' Isthi moi gegonota hyion. there|to me|having happened|son I have become a son to you. Pollen oun tois theois echo charin, ouch houtos epi tei genesei tou paidos, hos epi toi kata ten sen helikian auton gegonenai; elpizo gar auton hypo sou traphenta kai paideuthenta axion esesthai kai hemon kai tes ton pragmaton diadoches. much|therefore|to the|gods|I have|gratitude|not|this|upon|the|birth|of the|child|as|upon|the|according to|the|his|age|him|has happened|I hope|for|him|by|you|having been raised|and|having been educated|worthy|will be|and|of us|and|the|of the|matters|succession I owe thanks to the gods, not because of the birth of the child, as because of the fact that he has come to be of this age; for I hope that he, having been nurtured and educated by you, will be worthy both of us and of the succession of things.