4.5 – Civil War Era in Norway, 1130-1240
Civil War|Civil War Era|Civil War Period||
4.5 – Ära des Bürgerkriegs in Norwegen, 1130-1240
4.5 – Civil War Era in Norway, 1130-1240
4.5 – Era de la Guerra Civil en Noruega, 1130-1240
4.5 – Période de guerre civile en Norvège, 1130-1240
4.5 – Tijdperk van de burgeroorlog in Noorwegen, 1130-1240
4.5 – Era wojny domowej w Norwegii, 1130-1240
4.5 – Era da Guerra Civil na Noruega, 1130-1240
4.5 – Эпоха Гражданской войны в Норвегии, 1130-1240 гг.
4.5 – Епоха громадянської війни в Норвегії, 1130-1240 рр
Heihei!
Borgerkrigstida På 1000-tallet blei Norge styrt av konger.
Civil War Era|in the||was|Norway|ruled|by|kings
The Civil War era In the 11th century, Norway was ruled by kings.
内战时期 11世纪，挪威由国王统治。
Det var en konge i Norge som reiste rundt fra kongsgård til kongsgård rundt omkring i landet.
|was|a|king|in|Norway|who|traveled|around||royal estate|to|royal estate|around|around|in|the country
It was a king in Norway who traveled from royal estate to royal estate around the country.
У Норвегії був король, який подорожував від королівського двору до королівського двору по країні.
挪威有一位国王，他从一个王宫到全国各地的王宫旅行。
Selv om det var en konge i Norge så var lokalstyre ofte mye viktigere.
even|if|there|was|a|king|in||then|was|local government|often||more important
Even though there was a king in Norway, local government was often much more important.
尽管挪威有国王，但地方政府往往更为重要。
Norge blei ikke styrt fra en hovedstad; regionene i Norge hadde ofte stor autonomi og styrte stort sett seg selv.
Norway|was|not|ruled||a|capital|the regions|in|Norway|had|often|great|self-governance|and|ruled|largely|mostly|themselves|themselves
Norwegen wurde nicht von einer Hauptstadt aus regiert; Die Regionen in Norwegen verfügten oft über große Autonomie und regierten sich weitgehend selbst.
Norway was not ruled from a capital city; The regions in Norway often had great autonomy and largely governed themselves.
Det var nødvendig for kongen å reise rundt omkring i Norge for å skaffe ressurser og for å vise makt.
it|was|necessary|for|the king|to|travel|around|around|in|Norway|to|to||resources|and|to|to|show|power
It was necessary for the king to travel around Norway to obtain resources and to show power.
Ofte kunne det faktisk være flere konger samtidig i Norge på denne tida.
often|could|there|actually|be|more|kings|at the same time|in|Norway|at|this|
Often there could actually be several kings at the same time in Norway at this time.
此时挪威实际上可能同时有几位国王。
Da kongen Sigurd Jorsalfar døde i 1130 brøt det ut borgerkrig i Norge.
when|the king|King Sigurd|the Crusader|died||broke|it|out|civil war|in|Norway
Als König Sigurd Jorsalfar 1130 starb, brach in Norwegen ein Bürgerkrieg aus.
When King Sigurd Jorsalfar died in 1130, civil war broke out in Norway.
Коли в 1130 році помер король Сігурд Йорсалфар, у Норвегії спалахнула громадянська війна.
Sigurds sønn, Magnus, var 15år i 1130.
Sigurd's|son|Magnus|was|years|in
Han ville bli norsk konge.
he|would|be|Norwegian|king
Er wollte norwegischer König werden.
He wanted to be Norwegian king.
Harald Gille, sønn av kongen før Sigurd Jorsalfar, utfordra Magnus.
Harald|Gille|son|of|the king|before|Sigurd|Jerusalemfar|challenged|
Harald Gille, Sohn des Königs vor Sigurd Jorsalfar, forderte Magnus heraus.
Harald Gille, son of the king before Sigurd Jorsalfar, challenged Magnus.
西格德·乔萨尔法之前国王的儿子哈拉尔德·吉尔向马格努斯发起挑战。
Dermed var det borgerkrig i Norge mellom Magnus og Harald som begge ville bli konge i Norge.
therefore|was|there|civil war|in|Norway|between||and|Harald|who|both|wanted|be|king|in|Norway
Thus there was a civil war in Norway between Magnus and Harald, who both wanted to become king in Norway.
Harald beseira Magnus i 1135 og gjorde han blind og kastrerte ham.
Harald|defeated||in|and|made|him|blinded|and|castrated him|him
Harald defeated Magnus in 1135 and blinded him and castrated him.
1135年，哈拉尔德击败了马格努斯，并将他弄瞎并阉割。
Etter dette blei Magnus kjent som Magnus Blinde.
||||стал известен|||Слепой
after|this|became||known|as||The Blind
After this, Magnus became known as Magnus Blinde.
此后，马格努斯被称为马格努斯·布林德。
Likevel var ikke konflikten slutt ennå.
Тем не менее||||конец|ещё
still||not|the conflict|over|yet
Yet the conflict was not over yet.
Det var flere utfordrere til kongemakta.
|||Претенденты на трон.||королевская власть
There|was|several|challengers to the throne|to|the royal power
Es gab mehrere Herausforderer der königlichen Macht.
There were several challengers to the royal power.
Було кілька претендентів на королівську владу.
有几个王权的挑战者。
Det var først i 1163 da Magnus Erlingsson, 7 år gammel, blei krona til konge at det så ut som om borgerkrigen var over.
||||когда||Эрлингссон|||||||||||||гражданская война||
it|was|first|in|when||son of Erling|years||became|crowned|to|king|that|it|then|seemed|like|if|the civil war|was|over
Erst als der siebenjährige Magnus Erlingsson 1163 zum König gekrönt wurde, schien der Bürgerkrieg vorbei zu sein.
It was not until 1163 when Magnus Erlingsson, 7 years old, became crowned king that it looked as if the civil war was over.
Лише в 1163 році, коли Магнус Ерлінгссон, якому було 7 років, був коронований королем, здавалося, що громадянська війна закінчилася.
直到 1163 年，7 岁的马格努斯·埃尔林松 (Magnus Erlingsson) 加冕为国王时，内战才看似结束。
Dette er slutten på første fase av borgerkrigstida som varte fra 1130 til 1163.
|||||этап||гражданской войны||длилась||
this|is|the end|of|first|phase|of|the civil war|that|lasted||to
This is the end of the first phase of the civil war period which lasted from 1130 to 1163.
这是从 1130 年持续到 1163 年的内战第一阶段的结束。
Borgerkrigen starta igjen i 1177 da Sverre Sigurdsson kom til Norge fra Færøyene.
Гражданская война|началась|||когда|Сверре Сигурдссон|Сигурдссон|||||
the Civil War|started again|again|in||Sverre Sigurdsson|Sigurd's son|came|to|||the Faroe Islands
The civil war started again in 1177 when Sverre Sigurdsson came to Norway from the Faroe Islands.
Sverre var lederen for birkebeinerne som kjempa for å ta makten i Norge.
||лидером||биркебейнеры||||||||
Sverre|was|the leader|of|the Birkebeiners|who|fought|for|to|take|power|in|Norway
Sverre was the leader of the birch trees who fought to take power in Norway.
Сверре був лідером біркебейнерів, які боролися за владу в Норвегії.
斯韦雷是桦树皮鞋党的领袖，他们为在挪威夺取权力而奋斗。
De drepte Magnus Erlingsson i 1184 og gjorde Sverre til konge.
They|killed||Erlingsson|in||made|Sverre|to|king
They killed Magnus Erlingsson in 1184 and made Sverre king.
Likevel fortsatte krigen.
nevertheless|continued|the war
Nevertheless, the war continued.
尽管如此，战争仍在继续。
Sverre og birkebeinerne kjempa mot ei gruppe som har fått navnet baglerne.
|||||||||||баглеры
Sverre|and|the Birkebeiners|fought|against||group|that|has|received|the name|the Baglers
Sverre and the Birkebeiners fight against a group that has been named the baglers.
斯韦雷和桦树皮鞋党与一支名为牧杖手的团体作战。
Baglerne blei først organisert i 1196 av biskopen i Oslo.
the Baglers|were|first|organized|in|by|the bishop|in|Oslo
The baglers were first organized in 1196 by the bishop in Oslo.
Баглери були вперше організовані в 1196 році єпископом в Осло.
1196 年，奥斯陆主教首次组织了牧杖手。
Store deler av kirka støtta baglerne.
||||поддерживали|
great|parts|of|the church|supported|the Baglers
Large parts of the church supported the baglers.
Baglerne kjempa mot Sverre og birkebeinerne.
the Baglers|fought|against|Sverre|and|the Birkebeiners
The Baglers fought against Sverre and the Birkebeiner.
Kort oppsummert kjempa birkebeinerne og Sverre for en sterkere kongemakt mens baglerne kjempa for kirka og erkebiskopens økonomiske interesser.
|Вкратце говоря||||||||королевская власть|||||||архиепископа||
briefly|In summary|fought|the Birkebeiners|and|Sverre|for|a|stronger|royal power|while|the Baglers|fought|for|the church|and|the archbishop's|economic|interests
In short, the Birkebeiner and Sverre fought for a stronger royal power while the Baglers fought for the church and the archbishop's financial interests.
Коротше кажучи, Біркебейнери та Сверре боролися за посилення королівської влади, тоді як Баглери боролися за церкву та фінансові інтереси архієпископа.
Den andre delen av borgerkrigstida slutta i 1202 da Sverre døde.
the|second|part|of|the civil war period||in|when|Sverre|died
The second part of the Civil War period ended in 1202 when Sverre died.
Etter 1202 nærma baglerne og birkebeinerne seg i større grad.
|приблизились|||||||
after|drew closer|the Baglers|and|the Birkebeiners|themselves|in|greater|degree
Nach 1202 näherten sich die Baglers und Birkebeiners in größerem Umfang an.
After 1202, the bagels and birch bones approached to a greater extent.
Після 1202 р. баглери та біркебейнери підійшли більшою мірою.
1202年后，牧杖党和桦树皮鞋党更加接近。
Baglerne og birkebeinerne kom nærmere hverandre etter Sverre døde i 1202.
the Baglers|and|the Birkebeiners|came|closer|each other||Sverre|died|in
The bagels and birch bones came closer together after Sverre died in 1202.
For eksempel blei de enige om flere avtaler med hverandre.
|||||||соглашения||
for|example|became|they|agree|about|several|agreements|with|each other
Beispielsweise einigten sie sich untereinander auf mehrere Vereinbarungen.
For example, they agreed on several agreements with each other.
I 1217 samla birkebeinerne og baglerne seg under Håkon Håkonsson.
||||баглеры|||Хокон Хоконссон|Хоконассон
In|gathered|the Birkebeiners|and|the Baglers|themselves|under|Haakon Haakonsson|Håkonsson
In 1217, the birch bones and bagels gathered under Håkon Håkonsson.
1217 年，桦树皮鞋党和牧杖党聚集在哈康·哈康松 (Håkon Håkonsson) 的领导下。
Han var konge av Norge fra 1217 til 1263, altså i hele 46år.
he|was|king|of|Norway||to|thus|for|whole|years
Er war von 1217 bis 1263, also ganze 46 Jahre lang, König von Norwegen.
He was king of Norway from 1217 to 1263, ie for a full 46 years.
他从 1217 年到 1263 年担任挪威国王，任期 46 年。
Etter 1217 var det ikke konflikten mellom baglerne og birkebeinerne som dominerte i borgerkrigen.
after|was|it|not|the conflict|between||and|the Birkebeiners|that|dominated|in|the civil war
After 1217, it was not the conflict between the Baglers and the Birkebeiner that dominated the civil war.
1217年之后，主导内战的并不是牧杖党和桦树皮鞋党之间的冲突。
Etter 1217 var det nye grupper som utfordra kongemakta.
after|was|there|new|groups||challenged|the monarchy
Nach 1217 gab es neue Gruppen, die die königliche Macht herausforderten.
After 1217, new groups challenged the monarchy.
Det var ikke før i 1240 at borgerkrigstida slutta.
|||||||завершилась
|was|"not"||in|that||ended
It was not until 1240 that the period of civil war ended.
直到1240年，内战时期才结束。
Da klarte Håkon Håkonsson å slå ned det siste opprøret mot kongemakta.
|||||подавить|подавить||последнее|||
then|managed||Håkonson||||the|last|the rebellion|against|the monarchy
Dann gelang es Håkon Håkonsson, den letzten Aufstand gegen die königliche Macht niederzuschlagen.
Then Håkon Håkonsson managed to put down the last revolt against the royal power.
Тоді Хокону Хоконссону вдалося придушити останнє повстання проти королівської влади.
Borgerkrigstida er en komplisert periode.
Гражданская война|||сложный|
|is|a|complicated|period
The Civil War era is a complicated period.
Det skjer over en lang periode; det er mange navn; navnene er ofte like eller identiske; og det er ikke alltid klart hvem som kjemper mot hvem.
|происходит||||||||||||||идентичные|||||||||||
it|happens|over|a|long|period|there|are|many|names|the names|are|often|similar|or|identical|and|it|is|not|always|clear|who|who|fights|against|who
It happens over a long period of time; there are many names; the names are often similar or identical; and it is not always clear who is fighting whom.
它发生在很长一段时间内；有很多名字；名称通常相似或相同；而且并不总是清楚谁在与谁作战。
La oss nå gå over til noe som kanskje er enda vanskeligere: Hvorfor var det borgerkrig i Norge i denne perioden?
let|us|now||to move on|to|something|that|perhaps|is||more difficult|why|was||civil war||Norway|in||period
Kommen wir nun zu etwas, das vielleicht noch schwieriger ist: Warum gab es in dieser Zeit in Norwegen einen Bürgerkrieg?
Let us now move on to something that is perhaps even more difficult: Why was there a civil war in Norway during this period?
现在让我们转向可能更困难的事情：为什么挪威在这一时期发生内战？
Noen historikere mener at det var borgerkrigstid i Norge på grunn av en ressurskrise i landet.
||||||гражданская война|||||||ресурсный кризис||
Some|historians|believe|that|it|was|civil war period|in|Norway||of reason|of|a|resource crisis|in|the country
Some historians believe that there was a time of civil war in Norway due to a resource crisis in the country.
一些历史学家认为，挪威因资源危机而爆发内战。
Befolkningen vokste, noe som gjorde at det blei mindre god jord tilgjengelig.
Население выросло|расти|||||||меньше||земля|доступной
The population|grew|which|which|made|that|there|was|less|good|land|available
The population grew, which meant that less good land became available.
Населення зростало, а це означало, що хорошої землі ставало менше.
人口增长，这意味着可用的好土地越来越少。
Mange bønder gikk fra å eie jord til å leie jord.
many|farmers|went||to|own|land|||rent|
Many farmers went from owning land to renting land.
Багато фермерів перейшли від власності до землі в оренду.
许多农民从拥有土地转向租用土地。
I tillegg fikk høvdingene i landet mindre ressurser etter slutten på vikingtida.
in||received|the chieftains||the country||resources|after|the end|of|the Viking Age
Zudem erhielten die Häuptlinge im Land nach dem Ende der Wikingerzeit weniger Ressourcen.
In addition, the chiefs of the country received less resources after the end of the Viking Age.
此外，维京时代结束后，该国酋长获得的资源减少。
Under vikingtida hadde høvdinger røvet til seg ressurser fra andre deler av Europa.
||||грабили||||||||
During|the Viking Age|had|chieftains|plundered|to|themselves|||other||of|
Während der Wikingerzeit hatten Häuptlinge Ressourcen aus anderen Teilen Europas geplündert.
During the Viking Age, chiefs had looted resources from other parts of Europe.
В епоху вікінгів вожді грабували ресурси з інших частин Європи.
Det var ikke lenger mulig.
|||больше|
||not|longer|possible
It was no longer possible.
这已经不可能了。
Kongen ga også større deler av jorda til kirka i stedet for til høvdingene.
the king||also|larger|parts|of|the land|to|the church||instead||to|the chieftains
Der König gab auch größere Teile des Landes der Kirche statt den Häuptlingen.
The king also gave larger parts of the land to the church instead of to the chiefs.
En tredje forklaring kan være at borgerkrigene skjedde på grunn av ytre faktorer.
||объяснение||||гражданские войны|||||внешние факторы|факторы внешнего воздействия
a|third|explanation||be|that|civil wars|happened|on|account|of|external|factors
A third explanation may be that the civil wars took place due to external factors.
Третім поясненням може бути те, що громадянські війни відбувалися через зовнішні чинники.
第三种解释可能是内战是由于外部因素而发生的。
For eksempel blanda danskekongene seg inn i norske forhold.
||вмешивались||||||условия в Норвегии
for|example|mixed in|Danish kings|themselves||in|Norwegian|affairs
For example, the Danish kings interfered in Norwegian conditions.
Наприклад, датські королі втручалися у справи Норвегії.
例如，丹麦国王干涉挪威事务。
I tillegg var paven involvert.
|||Папа римский|
in|in addition|was|the Pope|involved
Darüber hinaus war der Papst beteiligt.
In addition, the pope was involved.
Крім того, був залучений Папа Римський.
此外，教皇也参与其中。
Paven lyste kong Sverre i bann.
Папа римский|||||отлучение от церкви
the Pope|excommunicated|king|Sverre|in|excommunicated
Der Papst verbot König Sverre.
The pope banned King Sverre.
Папа заборонив короля Сверре.
教皇禁止斯韦雷国王。
Det vil si at paven ekskommuniserte Sverre.
it|will|say|that|the pope|excommunicated|Sverre
Das heißt, der Papst exkommunizierte Sverre.
That is, the pope excommunicated Sverre.
Тобто Папа відлучив Сверре від церкви.
Vocabulary:
Å styre – To reign
to|to reign||To rule
Kongegård – Residence of the monarchs (no English equivalent)
Royal estate|Royal residence|||royal family|no|Royal residence|
Kongegård – Residence of the monarchs (no English equivalent)
Rundt omkring – All around
around|all around||
Rundum – Rundum
Rundt omkring – All around
Lokalstyre – Local government
Local government|Local authority|
Lokalstyre – Local government
Stort sett – Mostly
big|set|Mostly
Meistens – Meistens
Å skaffe – To gather
to|gather||
Makt – Power
Power|
Å bryte ut – To break out
to|break out|out|||
Borgerkrig – Civil war
Civil war||
Å utfordre – To challenge
|бросать вызов||
to|challenge||To challenge
Å beseire – To defeat
|побеждать||
to|defeat||To defeat
Blind – Blind
Слепой – Слепой|
Blind|Blind
Utfordrer – Challanger
Претендент|Претендент – Challenger
Challenger|Challenger
Å støtte – To support
|Поддерживать||Поддерживать
to|support||To support
Kort oppsummert – In short
|Кратко говоря||Кратко
short|summed up||In short
Å bli enige om – To agree on
|стать|||||
to|be|agree|on|||
Å bli enige om – To agree on
Avtale – Agreement
Соглашение|
Agreement|Agreement
Avtale – Agreement
Å slå ned – To quell
|подавить|||подавлять
to|to strike|down||To quell
Niederschlagen – unterdrücken
Å slå ned – To quell
Opprør – Rebellion
Восстание|
Rebellion|Revolt
Befolkning – Population
Население|
Population|
Tilgjengelig – Available
Доступно – Available|
Available|Available
Å eie – To own
|владеть||
to|own||
Å leie – To rent
to|rent||rent
Å røve til seg – To rob
|грабить||||
to|To rob|for|oneself||To rob
To rob
Å blande seg inn i – To get involved in
|вмешиваться в|||||||
to|to get involved|oneself|in||||To get involved|
To get involved in
Lyse i bann – To banish
"Curse"|in|ban||Excommunicate
To banish
