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E-Books (english-e-reader), Amazing Women by Helen Parker (2)

Amazing Women by Helen Parker (2)

Traditional teachers didn't understand this method. For them, the most important thing was to teach. For us, the most important thing was to learn. We also wanted children to help each other and to learn from their own experiences.

*

Soon people in other countries wanted to know about my teaching method. Montessori schools were opened in many countries. By 1913, there were more than 100 Montessori schools in the USA. Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, believed in my method and became the leader of the American Montessori Society.

In 1915, I was invited to the USA and spoke at Carnegie Hall, a famous concert hall in New York. In San Francisco, I gave a course for teachers. We made a classroom with 21 students and a glass wall. Thousands of people came to watch our classes.

*

In Europe, the First World War was destroying many lives. I decided to move to Barcelona in Spain where things were more peaceful than in Italy. I lived there for many years and travelled to many other countries to teach people about my method. In 1929, an international organization was started, the International Montessori Association. The organization encouraged parents and teachers to use the Montessori method.

In 1936, the Spanish Civil War started and I decided to move to Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. There were more than 200 Montessori schools in the Netherlands at that time. I continued to create new educational materials and give talks. I wanted people to use education for peace.

In 1939, I was invited to India to give talks and train teachers. The Second World War started that year and in 1940 the German army attacked the Netherlands. I couldn't go home to Amsterdam, so I stayed in India for several years and created courses for Indian teachers.

*

For the rest of my life, I continued to train teachers and improve my method. I was given many honours for my work, such as the French Legion of Honour. I was also nominated three times for the Nobel Peace Prize because I believed in education for peace. I believed that education could improve people's lives. When I looked back at my long life, I was happy that my Montessori schools were able to do this.

Chapter four

Helen Keller

1880 - 1968

The deaf and blind woman who became a famous teacher

I became blind and deaf before I learned to speak. With the help of several special people, I learned to communicate. I used my communication skills to teach people about blindness. I also fought for the rights of women and workers.

I was born in 1880, in Alabama, in the USA. When I was 19 months old, I became very sick with meningitis, a disease of the brain. I got better after the illness, but unfortunately I couldn't see or hear any more. I found it very difficult to learn and I became very angry. I was able to think, but I could not communicate my thoughts. It was a very difficult time for me and for my parents.

My mother and father wanted to help me but they didn't know what to do. Fortunately, I began to communicate with Martha Washington, who was 6 years old and the daughter of our cook. We created our own sign language when we played together. I enjoyed learning from Martha, but my mother realized that I needed professional help.

In 1886, my mother learned about the work of Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone. He was working on the problems of the deaf. Maybe he could help? Bell told my mother about Perkins School for blind people and the school sent a special teacher to our home. Her name was Anne Sullivan.

*

At first, I was a very difficult student, but Anne Sullivan was very kind to me. One day, we were getting water from the well when Anne drew some signs on my hand. I realized that she was writing the word 'water'. I was so excited! Within a few hours, I could 'read' more than 30 different words. At last, I could communicate with other people and they could communicate with me. Anne helped me to escape from my lonely world.

*

When I was 8 years old, I went with Anne to the Perkins School for blind people. At the school, I was excited to discover that there were other children like me. We all learned from our teachers and from each other. I learned to read Braille in English and later in several other languages.

In 1894, Anne took me to New York and I studied at several different schools for the blind and deaf. I tried to learn to speak but it was difficult. My voice worked, but I didn't know how to use it properly. Only Anne and a few other people could understand me when I spoke.

*

I studied hard and, in 1900, I started at university. Anne went with me to every class. She wrote the teachers' words on my hand. In 1904, I became the first deaf and blind person to get a degree. I was so happy and proud. And I knew that I wanted to use my communication skills to help other people.

At first, I worked with organizations that fought for women's rights. Then, in 1912, I started to work with workers' organizations. I discovered that some types of work made people blind. I wanted people to know about this problem, so I wrote a book in Braille about it.

In 1915, I started my own organization, Helen Keller International, which still teaches people about blindness. I wanted everyone to know that in many cases, blindness can be prevented.

*

For many years, I travelled around the world and talked to groups of people about blindness. I communicated with Anne. She then spoke my words for me. Our talks became very popular and sometimes we earned up to $2,000 a week. We gave the money to organizations that helped blind people.

When Anne became ill, Polly Thomson became my guide. Unfortunately, in 1936, Anne died. She did so much for me and I never forgot her.

*

With the help of several special people, I wrote 12 books about my beliefs. I became famous because of the talks and the books. Important people wanted to meet me. I even met the King of England and the President of the USA.

Polly Thomson helped me with my work until she became very ill in 1957. After that, Winnie Corbally became my guide and travelled with me to teach people about blindness. Our work was helped by a theatre play, The Miracle Worker about the life of Anne Sullivan. In 1962, it became a popular film.

In 1964, I won an important award from the President of the USA for my work. The year after that, my name was added to the list of the most successful women in the USA - the Women's Hall of Fame. The names of my guides - Anne, Polly and Winnie - should be in that list too. In 1968, at the end of my life, I remembered Anne, Polly and Winnie. I felt proud of our work, which helped blind people around the world.

Chapter five

Eva Peron

c. 1919 - 1952

The actress who helped poor and sick people in Argentina

I was a famous actress in Argentina. I helped my husband, Juan Peron, to become President. I used my power to help sick and poor people. I also helped women to get the vote for the first time in Argentina.

I was born in 1919 in Los Toldos in the Argentinian countryside. My mother was a poor country girl, but my father was a rich man from the city. Unfortunately, my father died when I was very young and life was very hard for my family. My mother worked hard to earn money. She made clothes for other people.

Four years after my father died, in 1930, we moved to a small apartment in the city of Junin. Life was very difficult at first, but my brothers and sisters were growing up. Soon they got jobs. With their money, we moved to a larger home and I was able to start school.

I enjoyed school very much, but my favourite lessons were singing and acting. In 1933, I won a role in the school play - I was so excited! From that day, I knew that I wanted to be an actress. It was my dream.

*

In 1935, when I was 15 years old, my mother found me a place to live in Buenos Aires. It was exciting for me to be in this amazing city, but it was a time of great economic problems. Many people didn't have work and everywhere I went, I saw poor and hungry people in the streets.

Luckily I found a job so I had enough money to pay my rent. During the day I worked and, in the evenings, I joined a theatre group. Soon I was given my first role at the Comedias Theatre and, in 1936, I travelled with the theatre company around Argentina. I also got my first part in a film. I was only 17 years old and I was already an actress!

*

In 1937, I started working for Radio El Mundo on a popular radio show. Radio El Mundo was the biggest radio company in Argentina and soon my name was well known. Then Radio Belgrano asked me to work for them on their show, Great Women of History. On the show, I played some famous roles - Queen Elizabeth the First of England was one of them.

I was no longer a poor girl from the countryside. Important people wanted to meet me and, by 1942, I had my own apartment in one of the best parts of the city. But then something happened that changed my life forever.

In January 1944, an earthquake hit the town of San Juan. It was terrible because 10,000 people were killed and many more were hurt. Juan Peron was an important political leader. He organized a concert to help the people of San Juan and I was invited to be in it.

After the concert, I talked to Juan Peron and learned about his political ideas. From that day, I had a new dream - I wanted Juan Peron to become the President of Argentina.

*

On the radio, I talked every day about Juan's work and his ideas. Unfortunately, Juan had powerful enemies and they found him and put him in prison. On my radio show, I asked the people for help and, on 15th October 1945, 300000 people came to the Casa Rosada (the President's house) in Buenos Aires. I stood on a balcony of the house and spoke to the people from my heart. Soon everyone was shouting, 'Free Juan Peron! Free Juan Peron!'

Two days later, Juan was free. And the following day, Juan and I got married - we were so happy! We travelled together around Argentina and we both spoke at political meetings. I told the people that Juan could help them and their families. I also asked them to call me Evita (little Eva). We were a great success and, in 1946, Juan Peron became the President of Argentina.

*

Suddenly, at the age of 27, I was the President's wife and the 'First Lady' of Argentina. I wanted to work hard and help the people. In 1947, Evita City was built to give homes to poor families. And, in 1948, I started the Eva Peron Foundation, an organization to help poor and sick people.

By 1950, the Foundation had received over $200 million and had 14,000 workers. We also gave out thousands of shoes and cooking materials and built hospitals and schools. I worked day and night and met with thousands of sick and poor people. I wanted to give them hope.

I also wanted women to have more political power. When Juan became President, women weren't able to vote. Juan and I fought to change this and I also started a new political party for women. It was called the Female Peronist Party. By 1951, the party had more than 500,000 women members. With the help of these women, Juan Peron became President for the second time.

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Amazing Women by Helen Parker (2) نساء مذهلات بقلم هيلين باركر (2) Mujeres asombrosas de Helen Parker (2) Des femmes étonnantes par Helen Parker (2) ヘレン・パーカーの「アメージング・ウーマン」 (2) 헬렌 파커의 놀라운 여성들 (2) Nuostabios moterys pagal Helen Parker (2) Niesamowite kobiety Helen Parker (2) Mulheres Incríveis de Helen Parker (2) "Дивовижні жінки" Гелен Паркер (2) 海伦·帕克的《了不起的女人》 (2)

Traditional teachers didn't understand this method. لم يفهم المعلمون التقليديون هذه الطريقة. 伝統的な教師はこの方法を理解していませんでした。 For them, the most important thing was to teach. بالنسبة لهم، كان الشيء الأكثر أهمية هو التدريس. 彼らにとって最も重要なことは教えることでした。 그들에게 가장 중요한 것은 가르치는 것이었습니다. For us, the most important thing was to learn. بالنسبة لنا، كان الشيء الأكثر أهمية هو التعلم. 私たちにとって最も重要なことは学ぶことでした。 우리에게 가장 중요한 것은 배우는 것이었습니다. We also wanted children to help each other and to learn from their own experiences. وأردنا أيضًا أن يساعد الأطفال بعضهم بعضًا وأن يتعلموا من تجاربهم الخاصة. また、子どもたちが互いに助け合い、自分の経験から学ぶことを望んでいました。 또한 아이들이 서로 돕고 자신의 경험을 통해 배울 수 있기를 바랐습니다.

***

Soon people in other countries wanted to know about my teaching method. وسرعان ما أراد الناس في بلدان أخرى معرفة طريقة تدريسي. すぐに他の国の人々は私の教授法について知りたがりました。 Montessori schools were opened in many countries. تم افتتاح مدارس مونتيسوري في العديد من البلدان. 몬테소리 학교는 여러 나라에 문을 열었습니다. By 1913, there were more than 100 Montessori schools in the USA. بحلول عام 1913، كان هناك أكثر من 100 مدرسة مونتيسوري في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. 1913年までに、米国には100を超えるモンテッソーリ学校がありました。 Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, believed in my method and became the leader of the American Montessori Society. Alexander Graham Bell||||vynálezca|||||||||||||||| ألكسندر جراهام بيل، مخترع الهاتف، آمن بطريقتي وأصبح قائد جمعية مونتيسوري الأمريكية. 電話の発明者であるアレクサンダーグラハムベルは、私の方法を信じて、アメリカンモンテッソーリ協会のリーダーになりました。 전화기를 발명한 알렉산더 그레이엄 벨은 제 방법을 믿고 미국 몬테소리 협회의 지도자가 되었습니다.

In 1915, I was invited to the USA and spoke at Carnegie Hall, a famous concert hall in New York. ||||||||||Carnegie Hall|||||||| 1915年、私はアメリカに招待され、ニューヨークの有名なコンサートホールであるカーネギーホールで講演しました。 In San Francisco, I gave a course for teachers. في سان فرانسيسكو، قدمت دورة للمعلمين. サンフランシスコでは、教師向けのコースを提供しました。 We made a classroom with 21 students and a glass wall. لقد أنشأنا فصلًا دراسيًا يضم 21 طالبًا وجدارًا زجاجيًا. 21人の生徒とガラスの壁で教室を作りました。 21명의 학생과 유리 벽으로 된 교실을 만들었습니다. Thousands of people came to watch our classes. جاء الآلاف من الناس لمشاهدة دروسنا. 何千人もの人々が私たちのクラスを見に来ました。

***

In Europe, the First World War was destroying many lives. ヨーロッパでは、第一次世界大戦が多くの命を破壊していました。 I decided to move to Barcelona in Spain where things were more peaceful than in Italy. |||||Barcelony v Španielsku|||||||pokojnejšie||| قررت الانتقال إلى برشلونة في إسبانيا حيث كانت الأمور أكثر سلامًا مما كانت عليه في إيطاليا. イタリアよりも平和なスペインのバルセロナに引っ越すことにしました。 이탈리아보다 더 평화로운 스페인 바르셀로나로 이사하기로 결정했습니다. I lived there for many years and travelled to many other countries to teach people about my method. لقد عشت هناك لسنوات عديدة وسافرت إلى العديد من البلدان الأخرى لتعليم الناس طريقتي. 私はそこに長年住み、他の多くの国を旅して私の方法を人々に教えました。 In 1929, an international organization was started, the International Montessori Association. 1929年に、国際組織、国際モンテッソーリ協会が設立されました。 The organization encouraged parents and teachers to use the Montessori method. ||povzbudila|||||||| شجعت المنظمة الآباء والمعلمين على استخدام طريقة مونتيسوري. 組織は、両親と教師がモンテッソーリ法を使用することを奨励しました。

In 1936, the Spanish Civil War started and I decided to move to Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. ||||||||||||Amsterdam|||Holandsko في عام 1936، بدأت الحرب الأهلية الإسبانية وقررت الانتقال إلى أمستردام في هولندا. 1936年にスペイン内戦が始まり、私はオランダのアムステルダムに引っ越すことに決めました。 There were more than 200 Montessori schools in the Netherlands at that time. 当時、オランダには200以上のモンテッソーリ学校がありました。 I continued to create new educational materials and give talks. 引き続き新しい教材を作成し、講演を行いました。 저는 계속해서 새로운 교육 자료를 만들고 강연을 진행했습니다. I wanted people to use education for peace. |||||||mieru أردت أن يستخدم الناس التعليم من أجل السلام. Ich wollte, dass die Menschen Bildung für den Frieden nutzen. 私は人々に平和のために教育を利用してほしかった。

In 1939, I was invited to India to give talks and train teachers. وفي عام 1939، دُعيت إلى الهند لإلقاء محاضرات وتدريب المعلمين. 1939年、私はインドに招待され、講演や教師の養成を行いました。 The Second World War started that year and in 1940 the German army attacked the Netherlands. بدأت الحرب العالمية الثانية في ذلك العام وفي عام 1940 هاجم الجيش الألماني هولندا. その年に第二次世界大戦が始まり、1940年にドイツ軍がオランダを攻撃しました。 I couldn't go home to Amsterdam, so I stayed in India for several years and created courses for Indian teachers. لم أتمكن من العودة إلى منزلي في أمستردام، لذلك مكثت في الهند لعدة سنوات وقمت بإنشاء دورات للمعلمين الهنود. アムステルダムに帰れなかったので、数年間インドに滞在し、インド人教師向けのコースを作成しました。

***

For the rest of my life, I continued to train teachers and improve my method. ||||||||||||zlepšovať|| وطوال بقية حياتي، واصلت تدريب المعلمين وتحسين أسلوبي. 残りの人生の間、私は教師を訓練し、私の方法を改善し続けました。 I was given many honours for my work, such as the French Legion of Honour. ||||ocenenia||||||||Légia cti|| フランスの名誉勲章など、私の仕事には多くの栄誉が与えられました。 저는 프랑스 레지옹 도뇌르 훈장 등 많은 영예를 얻었습니다. За свою работу я был удостоен многих наград, например, французского ордена Почетного легиона. I was also nominated three times for the Nobel Peace Prize because I believed in education for peace. |||nominovaný|||||||||||||| 私は平和教育を信じていたので、ノーベル平和賞にも3回ノミネートされました。 I believed that education could improve people's lives. اعتقدت أن التعليم يمكن أن يحسن حياة الناس. 教育は人々の生活を向上させることができると私は信じていました。 When I looked back at my long life, I was happy that my Montessori schools were able to do this. عندما نظرت إلى حياتي الطويلة، كنت سعيدًا لأن مدارس مونتيسوري الخاصة بي تمكنت من القيام بذلك. 私の長い人生を振り返ると、モンテッソーリ学校がこれを行うことができてうれしかったです。 제 긴 인생을 되돌아보니 몬테소리 학교가 이런 일을 할 수 있어서 행복했습니다. Когда я оглядываюсь на свою долгую жизнь, я радуюсь, что мои Монтессори-школы были способны на это.

Chapter four

Helen Keller |Helen Kellerová

1880 - 1968

The deaf and blind woman who became a famous teacher |nepočujúca||slepá|||||| المرأة الصماء والمكفوفة التي أصبحت معلمة مشهورة Ünlü bir öğretmen olan sağır ve kör kadın

I became blind and deaf before I learned to speak. |stal som sa|||||||| لقد أصبحت أعمى وأصم قبل أن أتعلم الكلام. 私は話すことを学ぶ前に盲目で耳が聞こえなくなった。 Konuşmayı öğrenmeden önce kör ve sağır oldum. With the help of several special people, I learned to communicate. بمساعدة العديد من الأشخاص المميزين، تعلمت التواصل. Birkaç özel insanın yardımıyla iletişim kurmayı öğrendim. I used my communication skills to teach people about blindness. |||||||||slepota لقد استخدمت مهارات الاتصال الخاصة بي لتعليم الناس عن العمى. Я использовал свои коммуникативные навыки, чтобы рассказать людям о слепоте. İletişim becerilerimi insanlara körlük hakkında bilgi vermek için kullandım. I also fought for the rights of women and workers. لقد ناضلت أيضًا من أجل حقوق المرأة والعمال.

I was born in 1880, in Alabama, in the USA. |||||Alabame||| وُلدت عام 1880 في ألاباما بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. When I was 19 months old, I became very sick with meningitis, a disease of the brain. ||||||||||meningitída||ochorenie||| عندما كان عمري 19 شهرًا، أصبت بمرض التهاب السحايا، وهو مرض يصيب الدماغ. I got better after the illness, but unfortunately I couldn't see or hear any more. |||||choroba||||||||| تحسنت حالتي بعد المرض، لكن للأسف لم أعد أستطيع الرؤية أو السمع. I found it very difficult to learn and I became very angry. لقد وجدت أنه من الصعب جدًا التعلم وأصبحت غاضبًا جدًا. 배우기가 매우 어려웠고 화가 많이 났어요. Мне было очень трудно учиться, и я стал очень злым. I was able to think, but I could not communicate my thoughts. |||||||||||myšlienky كنت قادرا على التفكير، ولكن لم أتمكن من توصيل أفكاري. Я мог думать, но не мог передать свои мысли. It was a very difficult time for me and for my parents. ||||ťažké||||||| لقد كان وقتًا صعبًا للغاية بالنسبة لي ولوالديّ.

My mother and father wanted to help me but they didn't know what to do. أراد أمي وأبي مساعدتي لكنهم لم يعرفوا ماذا يفعلون. Fortunately, I began to communicate with Martha Washington, who was 6 years old and the daughter of our cook. ||||||Marthou Washingtonovou|||bola|||||||| ولحسن الحظ، بدأت التواصل مع مارثا واشنطن، التي كانت تبلغ من العمر 6 سنوات وابنة طباخنا. 幸いなことに、私は6歳で料理人の娘であるマーサワシントンとコミュニケーションを取り始めました。 다행히도 저는 6살 때 요리사의 딸이었던 마사 워싱턴과 소통하기 시작했습니다. We created our own sign language when we played together. لقد أنشأنا لغة الإشارة الخاصة بنا عندما لعبنا معًا. I enjoyed learning from Martha, but my mother realized that I needed professional help. ||||||||uvedomila si||||| لقد استمتعت بالتعلم من مارثا، لكن والدتي أدركت أنني بحاجة إلى مساعدة متخصصة. 저는 마사에게 배우는 것이 즐거웠지만 어머니는 저에게 전문가의 도움이 필요하다는 것을 깨달았습니다. Мне нравилось учиться у Марты, но моя мама поняла, что мне нужна профессиональная помощь.

In 1886, my mother learned about the work of Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone. ||||||||||||vynálezca telefónu||| في عام 1886، علمت والدتي بعمل ألكسندر جراهام بيل، مخترع الهاتف. 1886년 어머니는 전화기를 발명한 알렉산더 그레이엄 벨의 업적에 대해 알게 되었습니다. He was working on the problems of the deaf. كان يعمل على مشاكل الصم. 彼は聴覚障害者の問題に取り組んでいました。 Он занимался проблемами глухих. Maybe he could help? ربما يمكنه المساعدة؟ Может быть, он сможет помочь? Bell told my mother about Perkins School for blind people and the school sent a special teacher to our home. |||||Perkinsova škola|||||||||||||| أخبر بيل والدتي عن مدرسة بيركنز للمكفوفين وأرسلت المدرسة مدرسًا خاصًا إلى منزلنا. Her name was Anne Sullivan. ||||Sullivanová كان اسمها آن سوليفان.

***

At first, I was a very difficult student, but Anne Sullivan was very kind to me. في البداية، كنت طالبة صعبة للغاية، لكن آن سوليفان كانت لطيفة جدًا معي. One day, we were getting water from the well when Anne drew some signs on my hand. في أحد الأيام، كنا نحصل على الماء من البئر عندما رسمت آن بعض اللافتات على يدي. Eines Tages holten wir Wasser aus dem Brunnen, als Anne einige Zeichen auf meine Hand zeichnete. ある日、アンが私の手にいくつかのサインを描いたとき、私たちは井戸から水を得ていました。 Однажды, когда мы набирали воду из колодца, Анна нарисовала на моей руке какие-то знаки. I realized that she was writing the word 'water'. |uvedomil som si||||||| أدركت أنها كانت تكتب كلمة "ماء". I was so excited! |||bola som taká nadšená لقد كنت متحمسا جدا! Within a few hours, I could 'read' more than 30 different words. وفي غضون ساعات قليلة، تمكنت من "قراءة" أكثر من 30 كلمة مختلفة. Через несколько часов я смог "прочитать" более 30 различных слов. At last, I could communicate with other people and they could communicate with me. أخيرًا، تمكنت من التواصل مع الآخرين، وكان بإمكانهم التواصل معي. Anne helped me to escape from my lonely world. لقد ساعدتني آن على الهروب من عالمي الوحيد.

***

When I was 8 years old, I went with Anne to the Perkins School for blind people. عندما كنت في الثامنة من عمري، ذهبت مع آن إلى مدرسة بيركنز للمكفوفين. At the school, I was excited to discover that there were other children like me. في المدرسة، كنت متحمسة عندما اكتشفت أن هناك أطفالًا آخرين مثلي. We all learned from our teachers and from each other. لقد تعلمنا جميعًا من معلمينا ومن بعضنا البعض. Мы все учились у наших преподавателей и друг у друга. I learned to read Braille in English and later in several other languages. ||||Braillovo písmo|||||||| تعلمت قراءة طريقة برايل باللغة الإنجليزية ولاحقًا بعدة لغات أخرى.

In 1894, Anne took me to New York and I studied at several different schools for the blind and deaf. في عام 1894، أخذتني آن إلى نيويورك ودرست في عدة مدارس مختلفة للمكفوفين والصم. I tried to learn to speak but it was difficult. My voice worked, but I didn't know how to use it properly. |||||||||||správne 음성은 작동했지만 제대로 사용하는 방법을 몰랐습니다. Only Anne and a few other people could understand me when I spoke.

***

I studied hard and, in 1900, I started at university. Anne went with me to every class. She wrote the teachers' words on my hand. 제 손에 선생님들의 말씀을 써주셨어요. In 1904, I became the first deaf and blind person to get a degree. I was so happy and proud. |||||hrdý And I knew that I wanted to use my communication skills to help other people. 그리고 저는 제 커뮤니케이션 기술을 다른 사람들을 돕는 데 사용하고 싶다는 것을 알았습니다.

At first, I worked with organizations that fought for women's rights. |||||organizácie||bojovali|||práva Then, in 1912, I started to work with workers' organizations. I discovered that some types of work made people blind. ある種の仕事が人々を盲目にすることを発見しました。 저는 어떤 종류의 일이 사람들을 실명하게 만든다는 사실을 발견했습니다. Я узнал, что некоторые виды работ делают людей слепыми. I wanted people to know about this problem, so I wrote a book in Braille about it. この問題を人々に知ってもらいたかったので、点字で本を書きました。 Я хотел, чтобы люди знали об этой проблеме, поэтому написал о ней книгу, набранную шрифтом Брайля.

In 1915, I started my own organization, Helen Keller International, which still teaches people about blindness. ||||||||||||||slepota 1915년에 저는 헬렌 켈러 인터내셔널이라는 단체를 설립하여 여전히 사람들에게 실명에 대해 가르치고 있습니다. I wanted everyone to know that in many cases, blindness can be prevented. ||||||||prípadoch||||zabránená 多くの場合、失明を防ぐことができることをみんなに知ってもらいたいと思いました。 많은 경우 실명을 예방할 수 있다는 사실을 알리고 싶었습니다.

***

For many years, I travelled around the world and talked to groups of people about blindness. I communicated with Anne. |komunikoval som|| Я общался с Анной. She then spoke my words for me. 그런 다음 그녀는 제 말을 대신해 주었습니다. Затем она произнесла мои слова за меня. Our talks became very popular and sometimes we earned up to $2,000 a week. Наши выступления стали очень популярными, и иногда мы зарабатывали до 2 тыс. долл. в неделю. We gave the money to organizations that helped blind people.

When Anne became ill, Polly Thomson became my guide. |||||Thomsonová|||sprievodca Unfortunately, in 1936, Anne died. She did so much for me and I never forgot her. Она так много сделала для меня, и я никогда ее не забывал.

***

With the help of several special people, I wrote 12 books about my beliefs. ||||||||||||presvedčenia I became famous because of the talks and the books. Berühmt wurde ich durch die Vorträge und die Bücher. Я стал известен благодаря выступлениям и книгам. Important people wanted to meet me. Dôležití ľudia chceli so mnou stretnúť.||||| I even met the King of England and the President of the USA. Я даже встречался с королем Англии и президентом США.

Polly Thomson helped me with my work until she became very ill in 1957. After that, Winnie Corbally became my guide and travelled with me to teach people about blindness. ||Winnie|Corballyová||||||||||||slepota Our work was helped by a theatre play, The Miracle Worker about the life of Anne Sullivan. ||||||divadelná hra|||||||||| Unsere Arbeit wurde durch das Theaterstück The Miracle Worker über das Leben von Anne Sullivan unterstützt. 앤 설리번의 삶을 다룬 연극 '미라클 워커'가 저희 작업에 큰 도움이 되었습니다. Нашей работе помог театральный спектакль "Чудотворец" о жизни Анны Салливан. In 1962, it became a popular film.

In 1964, I won an important award from the President of the USA for my work. В 1964 году я получил за свою работу важную награду от президента США. The year after that, my name was added to the list of the most successful women in the USA - the Women's Hall of Fame. The names of my guides - Anne, Polly and Winnie - should be in that list too. 私のガイドの名前(アン、ポリー、ウィニー)もそのリストに含まれているはずです。 In 1968, at the end of my life, I remembered Anne, Polly and Winnie. В 1968 году, на закате своей жизни, я вспомнил Анну, Полли и Винни. I felt proud of our work, which helped blind people around the world.

Chapter five

Eva Peron Eva Perón|Eva Perón

c. 1919 - 1952

The actress who helped poor and sick people in Argentina |Herečka|||||||| アルゼンチンの貧しい人々や病気の人々を助けた女優

I was a famous actress in Argentina. I helped my husband, Juan Peron, to become President. I used my power to help sick and poor people. I also helped women to get the vote for the first time in Argentina. 또한 아르헨티나에서 처음으로 여성들이 투표권을 행사할 수 있도록 도왔습니다.

I was born in 1919 in Los Toldos in the Argentinian countryside. ||||||Los Toldos|||argentínsky| My mother was a poor country girl, but my father was a rich man from the city. 母は貧しい田舎娘でしたが、父は都会の金持ちでした。 Unfortunately, my father died when I was very young and life was very hard for my family. My mother worked hard to earn money. She made clothes for other people.

Four years after my father died, in 1930, we moved to a small apartment in the city of Junin. |||||||||||||||||Junín 父が亡くなってから4年後の1930年、私たちはジュニン市の小さなアパートに引っ越しました。 Life was very difficult at first, but my brothers and sisters were growing up. 最初は人生はとても大変でしたが、私の兄弟姉妹は成長していました。 Soon they got jobs. すぐに彼らは仕事を得ました。 With their money, we moved to a larger home and I was able to start school. 彼らのお金で、私たちはより大きな家に引っ越し、私は学校を始めることができました。

I enjoyed school very much, but my favourite lessons were singing and acting. In 1933, I won a role in the school play - I was so excited! 1933年に、私は学校の演劇で役割を獲得しました-私はとても興奮していました! From that day, I knew that I wanted to be an actress. その日から、私は女優になりたいと思っていました。 It was my dream.

***

In 1935, when I was 15 years old, my mother found me a place to live in Buenos Aires. |||||||||||||||Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires 1935年、私が15歳のとき、母は私にブエノスアイレスに住む場所を見つけました。 제가 15살이던 1935년, 어머니는 부에노스 아이레스에 살 집을 구해 주셨습니다. It was exciting for me to be in this amazing city, but it was a time of great economic problems. ||vzrušujúce||||||||||||||||ekonomické| この素晴らしい街にいることは私にとってエキサイティングでしたが、それは大きな経済問題の時代でした。 이 멋진 도시에 오게 되어 기뻤지만, 당시에는 경제적으로 큰 어려움을 겪던 시기였습니다. Many people didn't have work and everywhere I went, I saw poor and hungry people in the streets. 多くの人が仕事をしていませんでした、そして私がどこへ行っても、私は通りで貧しくて空腹の人々を見ました。

Luckily I found a job so I had enough money to pay my rent. Našťastie||||||||||||| 幸い、仕事を見つけたので、家賃を払うのに十分なお金がありました。 During the day I worked and, in the evenings, I joined a theatre group. ||||||||večery||||| 日中は仕事をし、夜は演劇グループに参加しました。 Soon I was given my first role at the Comedias Theatre and, in 1936, I travelled with the theatre company around Argentina. |||||||||divadlo Comedias||||||||||| すぐに私はコメディアシアターで私の最初の役割を与えられ、1936年に私はアルゼンチン中の劇団と一緒に旅行しました。 I also got my first part in a film. 私も映画の最初の部分を手に入れました。 I was only 17 years old and I was already an actress! ||||||||už|| 私はまだ17歳で、すでに女優でした!

***

In 1937, I started working for Radio El Mundo on a popular radio show. |||||||Rádio El Mundo||||| Radio El Mundo was the biggest radio company in Argentina and soon my name was well known. Radio El Mundoはアルゼンチン最大のラジオ会社で、すぐに私の名前がよく知られるようになりました。 Then Radio Belgrano asked me to work for them on their show, Great Women of History. ||Belgrano||||||||||||| On the show, I played some famous roles - Queen Elizabeth the First of England was one of them. ショーでは、私はいくつかの有名な役割を果たしました-イギリスの最初のエリザベス女王はその一人でした。 이 쇼에서 저는 몇 가지 유명한 역할을 맡았는데, 영국 엘리자베스 1세 여왕도 그 중 하나였습니다.

I was no longer a poor girl from the countryside. |||||||||vidiek Important people wanted to meet me and, by 1942, I had my own apartment in one of the best parts of the city. 重要な人々が私に会いたがっていました。1942年までに、私は街の最高の場所の1つに自分のアパートを持っていました。 But then something happened that changed my life forever.

In January 1944, an earthquake hit the town of San Juan. It was terrible because 10,000 people were killed and many more were hurt. |||||||||||zranení Juan Peron was an important political leader. He organized a concert to help the people of San Juan and I was invited to be in it.

After the concert, I talked to Juan Peron and learned about his political ideas. From that day, I had a new dream - I wanted Juan Peron to become the President of Argentina.

***

On the radio, I talked every day about Juan's work and his ideas. ||||||každý deň|o práci Juana|Juanovej|||| Unfortunately, Juan had powerful enemies and they found him and put him in prison. On my radio show, I asked the people for help and, on 15th October 1945, 300000 people came to the Casa Rosada (the President's house) in Buenos Aires. ||||||||||||||||||Prezidentský palác|Casa Rosada|||||| I stood on a balcony of the house and spoke to the people from my heart. Soon everyone was shouting, 'Free Juan Peron! Free Juan Peron!'

Two days later, Juan was free. And the following day, Juan and I got married - we were so happy! We travelled together around Argentina and we both spoke at political meetings. 아르헨티나를 함께 여행하고 정치 회의에서 연설하기도 했습니다. I told the people that Juan could help them and their families. I also asked them to call me Evita (little Eva). |||||||Evita (malá Eva)|| 또한 에비타(작은 에바)라고 불러달라고 부탁했습니다. We were a great success and, in 1946, Juan Peron became the President of Argentina. 큰 성공을 거두었고 1946년 후안 페론이 아르헨티나 대통령이 되었습니다.

***

Suddenly, at the age of 27, I was the President's wife and the 'First Lady' of Argentina. I wanted to work hard and help the people. In 1947, Evita City was built to give homes to poor families. And, in 1948, I started the Eva Peron Foundation, an organization to help poor and sick people. |||||||Nadácia Eva Perón||||||||

By 1950, the Foundation had received over $200 million and had 14,000 workers. We also gave out thousands of shoes and cooking materials and built hospitals and schools. I worked day and night and met with thousands of sick and poor people. |pracoval som|||||||||||| I wanted to give them hope.

I also wanted women to have more political power. When Juan became President, women weren't able to vote. Juan and I fought to change this and I also started a new political party for women. |||bojovali sme||||||||||||| It was called the Female Peronist Party. |||||Peronistická strana žien| By 1951, the party had more than 500,000 women members. With the help of these women, Juan Peron became President for the second time. ||||||||||druhýkrát|||