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TED, Harald Haas: A breakthrough new kind of wireless Internet

Harald Haas: A breakthrough new kind of wireless Internet

00:32And you may wonder, what's the point? And the point is this: There will be a massive extension of the Internet to close the digital divide, and also to allow for what we call "The Internet of Things" -- tens of billions of devices connected to the Internet. 00:50In my view, such an extension of the Internet can only work if it's almost energy-neutral. This means we need to use existing infrastructure as much as possible. And this is where the solar cell and the LED come in.

01:07I demonstrated for the first time, at TED in 2011, Li-Fi, or Light Fidelity. Li-Fi uses off-the-shelf LEDs to transmit data incredibly fast, and also in a safe and secure manner. Data is transported by the light,encoded in subtle changes of the brightness. If we look around, we have many LEDs around us, so there's a rich infrastructure of Li-Fi transmitters around us. But so far, we have been using special devices -- small photo detectors, to receive the information encoded in the data. I wanted to find a way to also use existing infrastructure to receive data from our Li-Fi lights. And this is why I have been looking into solar cells and solar panels.

02:02A solar cell absorbs light and converts it into electrical energy. This is why we can use a solar cell to charge our mobile phone. But now we need to remember that the data is encoded in subtle changes of the brightness of the LED, so if the incoming light fluctuates, so does the energy harvested from the solar cell. This means we have a principal mechanism in place to receive information from the light and by the solar cell, because the fluctuations of the energy harvested correspond to the data transmitted.

02:42Of course the question is: can we receive very fast and subtle changes of the brightness, such as the ones transmitted by our LED lights? And the answer to that is yes, we can. We have shown in the lab that we can receive up to 50 megabytes per second from a standard, off-the-shelf solar cell. And this is faster than most broadband connections these days.

03:10Now let me show you in practice. In this box is a standard, off-the-shelf LED lamp. This is a standard, off-the-shelf solar cell; it is connected to the laptop. And also we have an instrument here to visualize the energy we harvest from the solar cell. And this instrument shows something at the moment. This is because the solar cell already harvests light from the ambient light.

03:42Now what I would like to do first is switch on the light, and I'll simply, only switch on the light, for a moment, and what you'll notice is that the instrument jumps to the right. So the solar cell, for a moment,is harvesting energy from this artificial light source. If I turn it off, we see it drops. I turn it on ... So we harvest energy with the solar cell.

04:07But next I would like to activate the streaming of the video. And I've done this by pressing this button. So now this LED lamp here is streaming a video by changing the brightness of the LED in a very subtle way,and in a way that you can't recognize with your eye, because the changes are too fast to recognize. But in order to prove the point, I can block the light of the solar cell. So first you notice the energy harvesting drops and the video stops as well. If I remove the blockage, the video will restart.

04:48(Applause)

04:54And I can repeat that. So we stop the transmission of the video and energy harvesting stops as well. So that is to show that the solar cell acts as a receiver.

05:07But now imagine that this LED lamp is a street light, and there's fog. And so I want to simulate fog, and that's why I brought a handkerchief with me.

05:18(Laughter)

05:19And let me put the handkerchief over the solar cell. First you notice the energy harvested drops, as expected, but now the video still continues. This means, despite the blockage, there's sufficient light coming through the handkerchief to the solar cell, so that the solar cell is able to decode and stream that information, in this case, a high-definition video.

05:50What's really important here is that a solar cell has become a receiver for high-speed wireless signals encoded in light, while it maintains its primary function as an energy-harvesting device. That's why it is possible to use existing solar cells on the roof of a hut to act as a broadband receiver from a laser station on a close by hill, or indeed, lamp post.

06:18And It really doesn't matter where the beam hits the solar cell. And the same is true for translucent solar cells integrated into windows, solar cells integrated into street furniture, or indeed, solar cells integrated into these billions of devices that will form the Internet of Things. Because simply, we don't want to charge these devices regularly, or worse, replace the batteries every few months.

06:45As I said to you, this is the first time I've shown this in public. It's very much a lab demonstration, a prototype. But my team and I are confident that we can take this to market within the next two to three years. And we hope we will be able to contribute to closing the digital divide, and also contribute to connecting all these billions of devices to the Internet. And all of this without causing a massive explosion of energy consumption -- because of the solar cells, quite the opposite.

07:15Thank you.

07:16(Applause)

Harald Haas: A breakthrough new kind of wireless Internet |||breakthrough||||wireless| Harald Haas|||||||| Harald Haas: Eine bahnbrechende neue Art des drahtlosen Internets Harald Haas: un nuevo y revolucionario tipo de Internet inalámbrico Harald Haas: un nuovo e rivoluzionario tipo di Internet senza fili ハラルド・ハース：画期的な新種のワイヤレス・インターネット 해럴드 하스: 획기적인 새로운 종류의 무선 인터넷 Harald Haas: Nowy, przełomowy rodzaj bezprzewodowego Internetu Harald Haas: Um novo e revolucionário tipo de Internet sem fios Харальд Хаас: революционный новый вид беспроводного Интернета Harald Haas: Çığır açan yeni bir kablosuz internet türü Харальд Хаас: Проривний новий вид бездротового інтернету Harald Haas：一种突破性的新型无线互联网 Harald Haas：突破性的新型無線互聯網

00:11I would like to demonstrate for the first time in public that it is possible to transmit a video from a standard off-the-shelf LED lamp to a solar cell with a laptop acting as a receiver. ||||演示||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 00: 11 Me gustaría demostrar por primera vez en público que es posible transmitir un video desde una lámpara LED estándar disponible a una celda solar con una computadora portátil que actúa como receptor. 我想第一次在公共场合展示，这样是可能将视频从一个普通的现成LED灯传输到一个太阳能电池，笔记本电脑作为接收器。 There is no Wi-Fi involved, it’s just light. No hay Wi-Fi involucrado, es solo luz. 这里没有涉及Wi-Fi，只是光。

00:32And you may wonder, what’s the point? 00:32 И вы можете задаться вопросом, а в чем смысл? 你可能会问，这有什么意义？ And the point is this: There will be a massive extension of the Internet to close the digital divide, and also to allow for what we call "The Internet of Things" -- tens of billions of devices connected to the Internet. ||||||||||||||to||||||||||||||||||||||||| Y el punto es este: habrá una extensión masiva de Internet para cerrar la brecha digital, y también para permitir lo que llamamos "El Internet de las cosas": decenas de miles de millones de dispositivos conectados a Internet. Суть в следующем: будет проведено масштабное расширение интернета, чтобы ликвидировать цифровое неравенство, а также для того, что мы называем "Интернетом вещей" - десятки миллиардов устройств, подключенных к интернету. 重點是：互聯網將大規模擴展，以縮小數位鴻溝，並允許我們所謂的「物聯網」——數百億台設備連接到互聯網。 00:50In my view, such an extension of the Internet can only work if it’s almost energy-neutral. ||||||||||only|operate||||| 00: 50 Desde mi punto de vista, una extensión de Internet de este tipo solo puede funcionar si es casi neutra desde el punto de vista energético. 00:50在我看來，網路的這種延伸只有在幾乎能源中性的情況下才能發揮作用。 This means we need to use existing infrastructure as much as possible. Esto significa que necesitamos usar la infraestructura existente tanto como sea posible. And this is where the solar cell and the LED come in. И здесь на помощь приходят солнечные батареи и светодиоды.

01:07I demonstrated for the first time, at TED in 2011, Li-Fi, or Light Fidelity. |||||||||||||光信号传输 01: 07 Demostré por primera vez, en TED en 2011, Li-Fi o Light Fidelity. 01:07 Я впервые продемонстрировал на TED в 2011 году Li-Fi или Light Fidelity. 01:07我在 2011 年的 TED 上首次示範了 Li-Fi，也就是 Light Fidelity。 Li-Fi uses off-the-shelf LEDs to transmit data incredibly fast, and also in a safe and secure manner. Li-Fi usa LEDs de uso común para transmitir datos de manera increíblemente rápida, y también de manera segura. Li-Fi использует готовые светодиоды для невероятно быстрой передачи данных, а также безопасным и надежным способом. Li-Fi 使用現成的 LED 來以令人難以置信的速度傳輸數據，並以安全可靠的方式傳輸數據。 Data is transported by the light,encoded in subtle changes of the brightness. ||||||||微妙的|||| Данные передаются светом, закодированным в тонких изменениях яркости. 資料透過光傳輸，以亮度的細微變化進行編碼。 If we look around, we have many LEDs around us, so there’s a rich infrastructure of Li-Fi transmitters around us. ||||||||||||||基础设施||||发射器|| But so far, we have been using special devices -- small photo detectors, to receive the information encoded in the data. |||||||||||探测器|||||||| 但到目前為止，我們一直在使用特殊設備——小型光電探測器來接收資料中編碼的資訊。 I wanted to find a way to also use existing infrastructure to receive data from our Li-Fi lights. ||||||||||基础设施|||||||| And this is why I have been looking into solar cells and solar panels. 這就是我一直在研究太陽能電池和太陽能電池板的原因。

02:02A solar cell absorbs light and converts it into electrical energy. This is why we can use a solar cell to charge our mobile phone. Вот почему мы можем использовать солнечную батарею для зарядки нашего мобильного телефона. But now we need to remember that the data is encoded in subtle changes of the brightness of the LED, so if the incoming light fluctuates, so does the energy harvested from the solar cell. |||||||||||||||||||||||||波动|||||收集的|||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||collected energy|||| Pero ahora debemos recordar que los datos están codificados en cambios sutiles del brillo del LED, por lo que si la luz entrante fluctúa, también lo hace la energía recolectada de la célula solar. Mais maintenant, nous devons nous rappeler que les données sont codées dans des changements subtils de la luminosité de la LED, donc si la lumière entrante fluctue, il en va de même pour l'énergie récoltée de la cellule solaire. Но теперь нам нужно помнить, что данные закодированы в тонких изменениях яркости светодиода, поэтому, если входящий свет колеблется, то же самое происходит и с энергией, полученной от солнечного элемента. 但現在我們需要記住，數據是透過 LED 亮度的細微變化進行編碼的，因此如果入射光發生波動，從太陽能電池收集的能量也會發生波動。 This means we have a principal mechanism in place to receive information from the light and by the solar cell, because the fluctuations of the energy harvested correspond to the data transmitted. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||传输 ||||||||||||||||||||||fluktuacije||||||||| Esto significa que tenemos un mecanismo principal para recibir información de la luz y de la célula solar, porque las fluctuaciones de la energía recolectada corresponden a los datos transmitidos. Это означает, что у нас есть принципиальный механизм для получения информации от света и солнечной батареи, потому что флуктуации собранной энергии соответствуют передаваемым данным. 這意味著我們有一個主要機制來接收來自光和太陽能電池的訊息，因為收集的能量的波動與傳輸的數據相對應。

02:42Of course the question is: can we receive very fast and subtle changes of the brightness, such as the ones transmitted by our LED lights? |||||||||||微妙的||||||||||||| 02:42Конечно, вопрос в том, можем ли мы получить очень быстрые и тонкие изменения яркости, такие как те, которые излучаются нашими светодиодными лампами? 02:42當然問題是：我們能否接收到非常快速且微妙的亮度變化，例如 LED 燈傳輸的亮度變化？ And the answer to that is yes, we can. We have shown in the lab that we can receive up to 50 megabytes per second from a standard, off-the-shelf solar cell. ||||||||||||兆字节|||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||solar cell| And this is faster than most broadband connections these days. ||||||宽带||| ||||than||internet connections||| Et c'est plus rapide que la plupart des connexions haut débit de nos jours.

03:10Now let me show you in practice. In this box is a standard, off-the-shelf LED lamp. This is a standard, off-the-shelf solar cell; it is connected to the laptop. Esta es una célula solar estándar, disponible en el mercado; Está conectado a la computadora portátil. And also we have an instrument here to visualize the energy we harvest from the solar cell. ||||||||||||收集的能量|||太阳能| Y también tenemos un instrumento aquí para visualizar la energía que recolectamos de la célula solar. And this instrument shows something at the moment. 這個儀器現在顯示了一些東西。 This is because the solar cell already harvests light from the ambient light. |||||||||||环境的| Esto se debe a que la célula solar ya extrae luz de la luz ambiente. Это связано с тем, что солнечный элемент уже собирает свет из окружающего света.

03:42Now what I would like to do first is switch on the light, and I’ll simply, only switch on the light, for a moment, and what you’ll notice is that the instrument jumps to the right. 03: 42 Ahora, lo que me gustaría hacer primero es encender la luz, y simplemente, solo encenderé la luz, por un momento, y lo que notará es que el instrumento salta a la derecha. So the solar cell, for a moment,is harvesting energy from this artificial light source. ||||||||收集能量|||||| Итак, солнечная батарея на мгновение собирает энергию от этого искусственного источника света. 因此，太陽能電池暫時從這種人造光源中收集能量。 If I turn it off, we see it drops. Si lo apago, lo vemos caer. I turn it on ... So we harvest energy with the solar cell.

04:07But next I would like to activate the streaming of the video. ||||||激活||||| And I’ve done this by pressing this button. Y lo he hecho presionando este botón. So now this LED lamp here is streaming a video by changing the brightness of the LED in a very subtle way,and in a way that you can’t recognize with your eye, because the changes are too fast to recognize. Итак, теперь эта светодиодная лампа транслирует видео, изменяя яркость светодиода очень тонким образом, и таким образом, что вы не можете распознать его своим глазом, потому что изменения происходят слишком быстро, чтобы их можно было распознать. But in order to prove the point, I can block the light of the solar cell. So first you notice the energy harvesting drops and the video stops as well. ||||||能量收集||||||| If I remove the blockage, the video will restart. ||||阻塞物||||重新开始

04:48(Applause)

04:54And I can repeat that. So we stop the transmission of the video and energy harvesting stops as well. So that is to show that the solar cell acts as a receiver.

05:07But now imagine that this LED lamp is a street light, and there’s fog. |||||||||||||雾霭 |||||||||street light||||mist 05: 07Pero ahora imagine que esta lámpara LED es una luz de calle, y hay niebla. And so I want to simulate fog, and that’s why I brought a handkerchief with me. |||||||||||||手帕|| |||wish to||||||||brought|||| Y entonces quiero simular la niebla, y es por eso que traje un pañuelo conmigo. И вот я хочу имитировать туман, и поэтому я взял с собой носовой платок.

05:18(Laughter)

05:19And let me put the handkerchief over the solar cell. |||||cloth or tissue|||| |||||robček|||| 05:19 И позвольте мне положить платок на солнечную батарею. First you notice the energy harvested drops, as expected, but now the video still continues. Сначала вы замечаете, что собранная энергия падает, как и ожидалось, но теперь видео все еще продолжается. This means, despite the blockage, there’s sufficient light coming through the handkerchief to the solar cell, so that the solar cell is able to decode and stream that information, in this case, a high-definition video. ||||||||||||||||||||||||解码||||||||||| ||||||zadostna||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Esto significa que, a pesar del bloqueo, hay suficiente luz que llega del pañuelo a la célula solar, de modo que la célula solar puede decodificar y transmitir esa información, en este caso, un video de alta definición. Это означает, что, несмотря на блокировку, через носовой платок на солнечную батарею поступает достаточно света, чтобы солнечная батарея могла декодировать и передавать эту информацию, в данном случае видео высокой четкости.

05:50What’s really important here is that a solar cell has become a receiver for high-speed wireless signals encoded in light, while it maintains its primary function as an energy-harvesting device. 05: 50Lo realmente importante aquí es que una célula solar se ha convertido en un receptor para señales inalámbricas de alta velocidad codificadas en luz, mientras que mantiene su función principal como dispositivo de recolección de energía. 05:50 Что действительно важно здесь, так это то, что солнечная батарея стала приемником высокоскоростных беспроводных сигналов, закодированных в свете, сохраняя при этом свою основную функцию устройства сбора энергии. That’s why it is possible to use existing solar cells on the roof of a hut to act as a broadband receiver from a laser station on a close by hill, or indeed, lamp post. |||||||||||||||小屋|||||宽带||||激光|||||||||| Es por eso que es posible utilizar células solares existentes en el techo de una cabaña para actuar como un receptor de banda ancha de una estación láser en una colina cercana, o de hecho, en un poste de luz. Вот почему можно использовать существующие солнечные батареи на крыше хижины в качестве широкополосного приемника от лазерной станции на близлежащем холме или даже фонарного столба. 這就是為什麼可以使用小屋屋頂上現有的太陽能電池作為附近山上雷射站（或實際上是燈柱）的寬頻接收器。

06:18And It really doesn’t matter where the beam hits the solar cell. |||||||光束|||| 06: 18Y realmente no importa dónde el rayo golpea la célula solar. 06:18 И на самом деле не имеет значения, где луч попадает на солнечную батарею. 06:18 光束擊中太陽能電池的位置並不重要。 And the same is true for translucent solar cells integrated into windows, solar cells integrated into street furniture, or indeed, solar cells integrated into these billions of devices that will form the Internet of Things. ||||||半透明|||集成的||||||||||||||||||||||||| Y lo mismo es cierto para las células solares translúcidas integradas en las ventanas, las células solares integradas en el mobiliario urbano o, de hecho, las células solares integradas en estos miles de millones de dispositivos que formarán el Internet de las cosas. И то же самое верно для полупрозрачных солнечных элементов, встроенных в окна, солнечных элементов, встроенных в уличную мебель, или даже солнечных элементов, встроенных в эти миллиарды устройств, которые образуют Интернет вещей. 對於整合到窗戶中的半透明太陽能電池、整合到街道設施中的太陽能電池，或者實際上，整合到將形成物聯網的數十億個設備中的太陽能電池，也是如此。 Because simply, we don’t want to charge these devices regularly, or worse, replace the batteries every few months. ||||||||||||||电池||| Просто потому, что мы не хотим регулярно заряжать эти устройства или, что еще хуже, заменять батареи каждые несколько месяцев.

06:45As I said to you, this is the first time I’ve shown this in public. It’s very much a lab demonstration, a prototype. |||||演示|| 這在很大程度上是一個實驗室演示，一個原型。 But my team and I are confident that we can take this to market within the next two to three years. And we hope we will be able to contribute to closing the digital divide, and also contribute to connecting all these billions of devices to the Internet. ||||||||做出贡献|||||||||||||||||| Y esperamos poder contribuir a cerrar la brecha digital y también a conectar todos estos miles de millones de dispositivos a Internet. И мы надеемся, что сможем внести свой вклад в преодоление цифрового разрыва, а также внести свой вклад в подключение всех этих миллиардов устройств к Интернету. 我們希望能夠為縮小數位落差做出貢獻，並為將所有這些數十億設備連接到互聯網做出貢獻。 And all of this without causing a massive explosion of energy consumption -- because of the solar cells, quite the opposite. Y todo esto sin causar una explosión masiva de consumo de energía, debido a las células solares, todo lo contrario. И все это, не вызывая массового взрыва потребления энергии — из-за солнечных батарей, как раз наоборот. 而這一切都不會導致能源消耗的大規模爆炸——因為太陽能電池，情況恰恰相反。

07:15Thank you.

07:16(Applause)