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BBC Sounds – Homeschool History, Homeschool History – The Space Race (1)

Homeschool History – The Space Race (1)

BBC Sounds – Music, Radio, Podcasts

Hello and welcome to “Homeschool History” with Greg Jenner. I'm Greg and I've spent my whole career making history fun on the TV show “Horrible Histories” and more recently on the BBC podcast “You're dead to me”, although that one's for the grown-ups. With everyone being cooped up in the house I thought I'd do a brand new pop-up podcast that delivers a snappy history lesson to educate and entertain the whole family. Who says that homeschooling can't be a bit of fun?

Now, today we are going full rocket-man to learn all about the moon landing or more specifically about the twentieth century Space Race that saw America and Soviet Russia battle it out over who had the better technology.

And listen up because at the end of the episode there will be a quick quiz to see how much you can remember.

All systems go! We have liftoff!

Humans have been fascinated by space for thousands of years and not just because it's very pretty. Since the time of the ancient Babylonians five thousands years ago, astrologists believed that looking at the moon, stars and planets could help predict the future.

And in the twentieth century, space was where many politicians and military experts believed the future would be decided. Whoever could get into space first might become the most powerful country in the world.

But space flight is mega expensive. So it was only Russia (– Hello! –) and America (– Howdy! –) who could really afford to take part in a proper Space Race. But it wasn't just a single race like the hundred meters. Both sides would have to compete in lots of different events before they could really be declared the winner.

(– Winner!)

To understand the Space Race we also need to talk about the so-called “Cold War”. No, it didn't happen in winter and there was no ice cream involved.

“Cold War” just meant that the Soviet Russians – also known as the U.S.S.R. –, and the Americans – also known as the U.S.A. – were bitter rivals with different ways of thinking and different ways of running their countries but they didn't actually fight each other.

They instead got other people to fight for them while they stood behind them, shouting insults and showing off.

(– You're puny, American!)

(– Loser!)

Both sides also built loads of nuclear bombs as a way of threatening the other side but if America and the U.S.S.R. had bombed each other, well, they would've destroyed the whole planet. So they decided to take their fight outside. No, I don't mean it's the car park.

No, into space!

It wasn't quite Star Wars, there were no lightsabers involved. It was more about racing each other to have the best space technology, because that proved that they had the best way of running their country. It was American capitalism (– Yeee-ha!–) versus Soviet communism (– Look at my state-run industry!)

The first event in the Space Race was who could get a satellite into orbit.

In 1957 the Russians won when they launched Sputnik. It was a cute, little ball with a cute, little name but it created an almighty panic in the U.S.A.

After all, if the Russians could get little Sputnik up into space then maybe they could get a bomb up there, too. (– Oh, no!)

Many Americans had thought that the Russians were backwards and poor but the famous journalist John Gunther said that Sputnik destroyed the American idea that the Russians were hardly capable of operating even a tractor.

(Bit rude, some tractors are very complicated.)

The U.S.S.R.'s chief rocket engineer was called Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. For a while the Soviet leaders kept his name secret because they were worried the Americans would try and kill him. He was a mega-brainy weapons expert with a secret identity. Yep, he was basically Iron Man before he joined the Avengers.

Now, putting Sputnik in space was very clever but it didn't actually do anything. It just beeped so that amateur radio users around the world could track its progress. Even school kids could take part as part of Operation Moonwatch. But the beeping was also an enormous … to America.

You know how annoying a beeping microwave can be? Well, this was even worse because it was a constant reminder to the U.S.A. that they had lost the first part of the Space Race. Sputnik was mocking them!

The Americans desperately wanted to outdo the Russians. In December 1957 they tried to launch their own satellite but the rocket exploded during the launch. (Oops!)

This was an embarrassing failure, so it got lots of embarrassing nicknames including Flopnik, Splatnik and Oopsnik, which are all lovely names for your pet hamster.

Annoyed at the failure, the USA started to bounce around some big new ideas about how they could get ahead in the Space Race. And some of the ideas were, well, bonkers frankly.

In 1958 they discussed sending a nuclear bomb to blow up a chunk off the moon. I mean that's just like Bond-villain stuff.

Thankfully the Americans didn't do that and they decided instead they would send something much, much cuter into space. Yes, animals.

Now, the Russians used dogs because they thought that chimps were emotionally unstable. But if you are used to swinging through trees and eating bananas and then found yourself being shot into space I think you'd probably throw a tantrum, too.

Anyway, the first dog in space was called Laika. She was a stray from the streets of Moscow and she launched on November 3rd, 1957. (Who's a good girl?)

Laika became a hero in the Soviet Union. She was on badges and postcards. She even had her own chocolate bar named after her. But sadly she didn't survive the trip.

Luckily other space-dogs did return to earth alive and well. As did Ham and Enos, who were two space-chimps sent up by the Americans.

In fact, the humans training to be astronauts at NASA were rather grumpy about being upstaged by chimps, especially since Enos liked to take off his nappy and throw poo at people.

After animals, the next competition event was to put a human in space and America was confident it would win that one.

Well, it didn't. No, the Russians got there first.

In 1961 Yuri Gagarin was launched into orbit aboard Vostok I. But he was more worried about coming down than going up 'cause he wasn't sure where he was going to land.

So he took a knife and a gun with him in case he ended up landing in the North Pole and was attacked by polar bears.

Thankfully he landed safely back in the Russian countryside, although it didn't go that well. He got tangled up and his parachute got caught in his underpants.

Talk about the ultimate wedgie.

Yuri Gagarin was soon greeted with dancing in the streets of Moscow and a huge parade. He was declared a hero of the Soviet Union. Although initially his dad was not that impressed, muttering: “What kind of hero is he anyway. They sent a dog into space, so why make him a hero?”

Wow, and you thought your family were hard to please.

So, Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space. Surely then Americans could at least put the first woman in space?

Well, no. Again, in 1963 the Russians did that first. And the honour went to Valentina Tereshkova. (– Hello!)

Now, Valentina was a real thrill-seeker, she went sky-diving for a hobby!

And she always had a lovely way with words.

During takeoff she shouted: “Hey, sky, take off your hat, I'm on my way!“

Because Valentina's call sign was “seagull”, the first words she said in space, – in fact the first words that any woman said in space – were: “I am seagull, I am seagull!”

Unfortunately there were no chips for her to steal.

Even though the Americans and some of the Soviet Russians sneered at Valentina Tereshkova because she was a woman, actually lots of women had vital roles in the Space Race and many of them worked as computers.

No, not like that. Computers were people such as Catherine Johnson, whose brilliantly complicated maths calculations were essential for the missions. Without very clever maths, spacecraft would just go floating off into space, never to be seen again.

At the half way point in the Space Race, the U.S.S.R. was doing really well and they soon achieved the next big thing: the first space walk in 1965, although thinking about it you don't really walk in space 'cause there's nothing to stand on. It's more of a sort of space float.

The next year, America tried to catch up a bit. They achieved the first docking of two spacecrafts, which is very important and very difficult to do, so it was impressive but they knew that they needed a really big win.

They were now pouring huge amounts of money, incredible amounts of money, into going for the big one.

“I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind or more important for the long-range exploration of space. And none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish.”

Now, it wasn't actually the first moon landing because the Russians had already landed a robotic probe on the moon in 1959 and his job was to scatter Soviet flags everywhere. What a litterbug!

But by 1969 it was time for the main event: the moonwalk.

No, not the cool backwards dancing thing, no, actually walking on the surface of the moon.

Sure, the Russians were ahead in the Space Race, they'd done really well so far but it all came down to the moon landing.

If the Space Race was like a game of Quidditch in Harry Potter, then walking on the moon was like catching the Golden Snitch. As soon as you do it, it's game over.

In July 1969, Apollo 11 launched with the whole world watching.

“…4, 3, 2, 1, 0. All engine running. Liftoff! We have a liftoff! Thirty-two minutes past the hour…”

It was crewed by the astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins.

Neil Armstrong thought that they only had a fifty-percent chance of coming home alive but amazingly it went really well and on July 20th, 1969, Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon and he was followed by Buzz Aldrin who was the first person to have a wee on the moon.

Yep, he broke his urine collector and so his left boot filled up with wee. (Ugh!)

Neil Armstrong's first steps on the moon were broadcast live on TV to 650,000,000 people around the world, it was a huge global event. To the general public it felt like the Space Race was over. The Russians may have started out brilliantly but getting to the moon meant that America had won. (– Yahoo!)

After all that excitement, the Apollo 11 astronauts returned home but they then had to self-isolate in a metal trailer for three weeks to make sure that they hadn't brought back any nasty moon bacteria – and they didn't even have iPlayer to watch – boring!

Apart from being locked in a room for a few weeks, the astronauts became mega famous and they then went on tours around America and other parts of the world, particularly Neil and Buzz. In fact, the super cool space ranger Buzz Lightyear from Toy Story is named after Buzz Aldrin.

“To infinity and… well, you know.”

So that brings us to the end of our expedition. Now it's time for a quick-fire quiz to see how much you've learned. Are you ready? OK? 3, 2, 1, blast-off!

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Homeschool History – The Space Race (1) домашнее обучение|||космос|гонка |||Space| homeschool|||| Homeschool-Geschichte – Das Weltraumrennen (1) Ιστορία στο σπίτι - Ο Διαστημικός Αγώνας (1) Homeschool History - La carrera espacial (1) Homeschool History - La course à l'espace (1) Storia homeschool - La corsa allo spazio (1) ホームスクールの歴史 - 宇宙戦争 (1) 홈스쿨 역사 - 우주 경쟁 (1) Historia Homeschool - Wyścig kosmiczny (1) História do ensino doméstico - A corrida espacial (1) Домашняя история - Космическая гонка (1) Historia för hemundervisning - Rymdkapplöpningen (1) Ev Okulu Tarihi - Uzay Yarışı (1) Домашня історія - Космічна гонка (1) 家庭学校历史 – 太空竞赛 (1) 家庭學校歷史 – 太空競賽 (1)

BBC Sounds – Music, Radio, Podcasts |||广播一|播客 BBC Sounds – Musik, Radio, Podcasts

Hello and welcome to “Homeschool History” with Greg Jenner. ||欢迎||家庭教育|||| ||||||||Дженнер ||||homeschool|||Greg|Jenner ||||||||Τζένερ Hallo und willkommen zu „Homeschool History“ mit Greg Jenner. I'm Greg and I've spent my whole career making history fun on the TV show “Horrible Histories” and more recently on the BBC podcast “You're dead to me”, although that one's for the grown-ups. |格雷格|||||||让历史有趣|||||||可怕的||||最近||||播客|||||不过|||||| ||||||||haciendo historia|||||||Horrible|storie|||||||||muerto|||aunque|||||| ||||||||||||||||||и многое другое|недавно|||||||||хотя|||||| Ich bin Greg und habe meine ganze Karriere damit verbracht, in der TV-Show „Horrible Histories“ und in jüngerer Zeit im BBC-Podcast „You're dead to me“ Geschichte lustig zu machen, obwohl das hier etwas für Erwachsene ist. I'm Greg and I've spent my whole career making history fun on the TV show “Horrible Histories” and more recently on the BBC podcast “You're dead to me”, although that one's for the grown-ups. Je m'appelle Greg et j'ai passé toute ma carrière à rendre l'histoire amusante dans l'émission télévisée "Horrible Histories" et, plus récemment, dans le podcast de la BBC "You're dead to me" (Vous êtes mort pour moi), bien que celui-ci soit destiné aux adultes. With everyone being cooped up in the house I thought I'd do a brand new pop-up podcast that delivers a snappy history lesson to educate and entertain the whole family. |大家|都待在|关在||||||||||全新||||播客||提供||简洁有趣||历史课||教育||娱乐||| |||eingesperrt||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||محبوس||||||||||||||||||درس تاريخي سريع||||||||| |||rinchiusi||||||||||nueva marca||||||ofrece||concise and engaging||||||e intrattenga||| |||заперты||||||||||||||||||остроумный||||||развлекать||| Da alle im Haus eingesperrt sind, dachte ich, ich mache einen brandneuen Pop-up-Podcast, der eine bissige Geschichtsstunde liefert, um die ganze Familie zu unterrichten und zu unterhalten. With everyone being cooped up in the house I thought I'd do a brand new pop-up podcast that delivers a snappy history lesson to educate and entertain the whole family. Comme tout le monde est enfermé dans la maison, j'ai pensé faire un tout nouveau podcast pop-up qui donne une leçon d'histoire rapide pour éduquer et divertir toute la famille. Cu toți închiși în casă, m-am gândit să fac un nou podcast pop-up care oferă o lecție de istorie captivantă pentru a educa și a distra întreaga familie. Who says that homeschooling can't be a bit of fun? |||家庭教育|||||| |||l'istruzione a casa|||||| Wer sagt, dass Homeschooling kein bisschen Spaß machen kann? Who says that homeschooling can't be a bit of fun? ホームスクーリングが楽しくないなんて誰が言ったの?

Now, today we are going full rocket-man to learn all about the moon landing or more specifically about the twentieth century Space Race that saw America and Soviet Russia battle it out over who had the better technology. ||||||ракета|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||vingtième|||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||رقابت||||||||||||||| ||||||rocket-man|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||登月|||更具体地说|||二十世纪|二十世纪|||||||苏联||竞争||||||||技术 Nun, heute werden wir voll Raketenmann, um alles über die Mondlandung zu erfahren, oder genauer gesagt über das Weltraumrennen des 20. Jahrhunderts, bei dem Amerika und Sowjetrussland darum kämpften, wer die bessere Technologie hatte. Aujourd'hui, nous nous mettons à l'heure de l'homme-fusée pour tout savoir sur l'alunissage ou, plus précisément, sur la course à l'espace du XXe siècle, qui a vu l'Amérique et la Russie soviétique s'affronter pour savoir qui possédait la technologie la plus performante.

And listen up because at the end of the episode there will be a quick quiz to see how much you can remember. |||||||||第一集|||||快速|小测验||||||| |||||||||||||||викторина||||||| Und hören Sie zu, denn am Ende der Folge gibt es ein kurzes Quiz, um zu sehen, wie viel Sie sich merken können. And listen up because at the end of the episode there will be a quick quiz to see how much you can remember.

All systems go! |系统| Alle Systeme gehen! All systems go! We have liftoff! ||发射起飞 ||décollage ||إطلاق الصاروخ ||il decollo ||پرواز Wir haben abheben! We have liftoff! Avem decolare!

Humans have been fascinated by space for thousands of years and not just because it's very pretty. |||着迷||||数千|||||||||很美 |||увлечены||||||||||||| Der Weltraum fasziniert die Menschen seit Tausenden von Jahren, und das nicht nur, weil er so schön ist. Humans have been fascinated by space for thousands of years and not just because it's very pretty. 人類は何千年もの間、宇宙に魅了されてきた。 Since the time of the ancient Babylonians five thousands years ago, astrologists believed that looking at the moon, stars and planets could help predict the future. |||||древних||||||астрологи|||||||||||||| |||||古代|巴比伦人||五千|||占星家||||||月亮|||行星|||预测||未来 |||||||||||||||||||||||vorhersagen|| ||||||بابلیان|||||ستاره‌شناسان|||||||||||||| ||||||البابليين|||||علماء الفلك||||||||||||يتنبأ|| ||||||i Babilonesi|||||gli astrologi|||||||||||||| Seit der Zeit der alten Babylonier vor fünftausend Jahren glaubten Astrologen, dass der Blick auf Mond, Sterne und Planeten helfen könnte, die Zukunft vorherzusagen. Since the time of the ancient Babylonians five thousands years ago, astrologists believed that looking at the moon, stars and planets could help predict the future.

And in the twentieth century, space was where many politicians and military experts believed the future would be decided. |||二十世纪|二十世纪|||在||政治家||军事|军事专家|相信||||| ||||||||||||Experten|||||| |||vigésimo||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||решен Und im 20. Jahrhundert war der Weltraum der Ort, an dem viele Politiker und Militärexperten glaubten, dass die Zukunft entschieden werden würde. And in the twentieth century, space was where many politicians and military experts believed the future would be decided. Au XXe siècle, c'est dans l'espace que de nombreux hommes politiques et experts militaires pensaient que l'avenir se jouerait. そして20世紀、宇宙は多くの政治家や軍事専門家が未来を決める場所だと信じていた。 Whoever could get into space first might become the most powerful country in the world. 无论谁||||||可能||||强大的|||| Wer als Erster ins All kommt, könnte das mächtigste Land der Welt werden. Whoever could get into space first might become the most powerful country in the world. Le premier à aller dans l'espace pourrait devenir le pays le plus puissant du monde. 誰が最初に宇宙に行くことができるかは、世界で最も強力な国になるかもしれない。

But space flight is mega expensive. ||太空飞行||超级|非常昂贵 ||||ضخم جداً| ||||very| Aber Raumfahrt ist mega teuer. But space flight is mega expensive. So it was only Russia (– Hello! –) and America (– Howdy! –) who could really afford to take part in a proper Space Race. ||||||||Привет||||могли позволить себе||||||настоящей гонке|| ||||||||||||میتوانست|||||||| ||||俄罗斯|||美国|你好||||负担得起||||||真正的|| ||||||||مرحباً|||||||||||| ||||||||Γειά σου|||||||||||| ||||||||Howdy||||podían permitirse|||||||| So konnten es sich nur Russland (– Hallo! –) und Amerika (– Howdy! –) wirklich leisten, an einem richtigen Weltraumrennen teilzunehmen. So it was only Russia (– Hello! –) and America (– Howdy! –) who could really afford to take part in a proper Space Race. Așa că doar Rusia (– Bună! –) și America (– Bună! –) au fost cele care și-au putut permite cu adevărat să participe la o cursă spațială adevărată. But it wasn't just a single race like the hundred meters. ||||||比赛|||百米| ||||||||||متر Aber es war nicht nur ein Einzelrennen wie die Hundert Meter. しかし、それは100メートルのような単一レースだけではなかった。 Both sides would have to compete in lots of different events before they could really be declared the winner. |||需要||竞争||||不同的|赛事||||||宣布||冠军 |||||wettkämpfen||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||declarati|| |||||состязаться||||||||||||| Beide Seiten müssten an vielen verschiedenen Events teilnehmen, bevor sie wirklich zum Sieger erklärt werden könnten. Les deux parties devraient s'affronter dans un grand nombre d'événements différents avant de pouvoir être déclarées vainqueurs. 両者とも、本当に勝者と宣言されるまでには、さまざまな競技で競い合わなければならないだろう。

(– Winner!)

To understand the Space Race we also need to talk about the so-called “Cold War”. |理解|||||||||||||| Um das Weltraumrennen zu verstehen, müssen wir auch über den sogenannten „Kalten Krieg“ sprechen. To understand the Space Race we also need to talk about the so-called “Cold War”. No, it didn't happen in winter and there was no ice cream involved. |||||冬天|||||||涉及 ||||||||||||вvolved Nein, es ist nicht im Winter passiert und es war kein Eis im Spiel.

“Cold War” just meant that the Soviet Russians – also known as the U.S.S.R. |||指的是||||苏联人||也称为|||||| |||||||||||||„Kalter Krieg“||Sowjetische Russen |||||||i russi|||||||| |||||||||||||||Σοβιετικοί Ρώσοι „Kalter Krieg“ bedeutete nur, dass die Sowjetrussen – auch als UdSSR bekannt – –, and the Americans – also known as the U.S.A. ||美国人||称为||||| ||Amerikaner||||||| – und die Amerikaner – auch bekannt als USA – were bitter rivals with different ways of thinking and different ways of running their countries but they didn't actually fight each other. |горькие|соперники||||||||||||||||на самом деле||| |bitter|||||||||||||||||||| |تند|رقیبان||||||||||||||||||| ||竞争对手|||方式||思考方式|||方式||||||||实际上|打斗|| ||أعداء||||||||||||||||||| ||rivales acérrimos||||||||||||||||||| – waren erbitterte Rivalen mit unterschiedlichen Denkweisen und unterschiedlichen Methoden, ihre Länder zu regieren, aber sie bekämpften sich nicht wirklich. - étaient des rivaux acharnés qui avaient des façons différentes de penser et de gérer leur pays, mais ils ne se sont pas réellement combattus.

They instead got other people to fight for them while they stood behind them, shouting insults and showing off. |вместо этого||||||||||||||оскорбления||| ||گرفتند|||||||||||||توهین‌ها||| |||||||||||||||Beleidigungen||| |||||||||||||||إهانات||| |反而||||||||同时||站在|||大喊|侮辱话||| Stattdessen brachten sie andere Leute dazu, für sie zu kämpfen, während sie hinter ihnen standen, Beleidigungen brüllten und angaben. They instead got other people to fight for them while they stood behind them, shouting insults and showing off. Au lieu de cela, ils ont demandé à d'autres personnes de se battre pour eux pendant qu'ils se tenaient derrière eux, criant des insultes et se mettant en valeur. その代わり、自分たちのために他の人たちを戦わせ、自分たちはその後ろに立って侮辱的な言葉を叫んだり、見せびらかしたりした。 Вместо этого они заставляли других людей сражаться за них, а сами стояли за их спинами, выкрикивая оскорбления и выпендриваясь.

(– You're puny, American!) |minuscule| |کوچک| |klein| |微不足道|美国人 |تافه| |débil| (– Du bist mickrig, Amerikaner!)

(– Loser!) 失败者 perdedor

Both sides also built loads of nuclear bombs as a way of threatening the other side 双方||||||核武器||||||威胁||| ||||||نووية||||||||| ||||||nucleari|bombe|||||||| ||||||||||||угрожающий||| Beide Seiten bauten auch jede Menge Atombomben, um die andere Seite zu bedrohen Les deux parties ont également construit de nombreuses bombes nucléaires afin de menacer l'autre partie. 双方はまた、相手を脅す手段として核爆弾を大量に製造した。 but if America and the U.S.S.R. had bombed each other, well, they would've destroyed the whole planet. ||美国||||||||轰炸|||||将会|毁灭||整个|地球 ||||||||||بمباران کرده بودند||||||||| aber wenn Amerika und die UdSSR sich gegenseitig bombardiert hätten, dann hätten sie den ganzen Planeten zerstört. but if America and the U.S.S.R. had bombed each other, well, they would've destroyed the whole planet. しかし、もしアメリカとソ連が互いに爆撃し合っていたら、地球全体が破壊されていただろう。 So they decided to take their fight outside. Also beschlossen sie, ihren Kampf nach draußen zu tragen. So they decided to take their fight outside. Ils ont donc décidé de mener leur combat à l'extérieur. No, I don't mean it's the car park. Nein, ich meine nicht, es ist der Parkplatz. No, I don't mean it's the car park. Non, je ne veux pas dire que c'est le parking.

No, into space! Nein, in den Weltraum!

It wasn't quite Star Wars, there were no lightsabers involved. ||||||||световые мечи| ||||||||lightsabers| ||||||||φωτοσπαθιά| ||||||||Lichtschwerter| ||不完全是||战争||||光剑|涉及 ||||||||چوب‌های نور| ||no del todo|Star Wars|||||sables de luz|involucrados Es war nicht ganz Star Wars, es waren keine Lichtschwerter im Spiel. Ce n'était pas vraiment la guerre des étoiles, il n'y avait pas de sabres laser. It was more about racing each other to have the best space technology, because that proved that they had the best way of running their country. ||||гонками|||||||||||||||||||управления|| |||||||||||||||أثبتت|||||||||| ||||carrera||||||||||||||||||||| ||||竞争|相互|||||||太空技术|||证明了||||||||治理|| Es ging mehr darum, gegeneinander anzutreten, um die beste Weltraumtechnologie zu haben, denn das bewies, dass sie die beste Art hatten, ihr Land zu regieren. It was more about racing each other to have the best space technology, because that proved that they had the best way of running their country. Il s'agissait plutôt de rivaliser entre eux pour disposer de la meilleure technologie spatiale, car cela prouvait qu'ils avaient la meilleure façon de gérer leur pays. 宇宙技術を競い合うことで、自国の運営方法が優れていることを証明するためだ。 It was American capitalism (– Yeee-ha!–) ||||Γιούπι| ||||Yay| |||سرمایه‌داری|ییی| ||美国的|美国资本主义|耶哈|耶哈 |||الرأسمالية|| |||capitalismo|Yeee| Es war der amerikanische Kapitalismus (– Yeee-ha!–) versus Soviet communism (– Look at my state-run industry!) 对抗苏联共产主义|苏联的|共产主义||||国家||国有工业 ||الشيوعية|||||| против||||||государство|| gegen den sowjetischen Kommunismus (– Sehen Sie sich meine staatliche Industrie an!)

The first event in the Space Race was who could get a satellite into orbit. ||事件||||太空竞赛||||||卫星||轨道 ||||||||||||||مدار ||||||||||||قمر صناعي||مدار ||||||||||||satélite|| ||||||||||||спутник|| Das erste Ereignis im Weltraumrennen war, wer einen Satelliten in die Umlaufbahn bringen konnte. Le premier événement de la course à l'espace était de savoir qui parviendrait à mettre un satellite en orbite.

In 1957 the Russians won when they launched Sputnik. |||||||Σπούτνικ ||||||запустили| ||苏联人||||发射|斯普特尼克 |||پیروز شدند||||اسپوتنیک |||||||سبوتنيك |||||||Sputnik 1957 gewannen die Russen, als sie Sputnik starteten. It was a cute, little ball with a cute, little name but it created an almighty panic in the U.S.A. |||可爱的小||小球|||可爱的||名字|||引发了||引起巨大恐慌|恐慌||||| |||||||||||||||almighty|||||| |||||||||||||||هائل|||||| |||||||||||||||عظیم|||||| |||милый||||||||||||огромный|||||| Es war ein süßer, kleiner Ball mit einem süßen, kleinen Namen, aber er löste eine allmächtige Panik in den USA aus It was a cute, little ball with a cute, little name but it created an almighty panic in the U.S.A. かわいくて、小さなボールで、かわいくて、小さな名前だったが、全米に大パニックを巻き起こした。

After all, if the Russians could get little Sputnik up into space then maybe they could get a bomb up there, too. ||||俄罗斯人||||斯普特尼克||||||||||炸弹||| ||||||||||||||||||قنبلة||| Denn wenn die Russen den kleinen Sputnik in den Weltraum bringen könnten, könnten sie dort vielleicht auch eine Bombe bekommen. 結局のところ、ロシアが小さなスプートニクを宇宙に運べば、爆弾も宇宙に運べるかもしれない。 (– Oh, no!)

Many Americans had thought that the Russians were backwards and poor but the famous journalist John Gunther said that Sputnik destroyed the American idea that the Russians were hardly capable of operating even a tractor. ||||||||||||||||Γκάνθερ|||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||گانتر||||||||||||||||||تراکتور |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||fähig||betrieben|||Traktor |美国人||认为|||俄罗斯人||落后|||||著名的|记者||冈瑟|||斯普特尼克|摧毁了||||||||几乎不|有能力||操作|甚至|一台|拖拉机 ||||||||||||||||جون غنتر||||||||||||بالكاد||||||جرار زراعي ||||||||отсталыми||||||||Гюнтер|||||||||||||способны||||| ||||||||atrasados y pobres||||||||Gunther||||||||||||||||||tractor Viele Amerikaner dachten, die Russen seien rückständig und arm, aber der berühmte Journalist John Gunther sagte, Sputnik habe die amerikanische Vorstellung zerstört, dass die Russen kaum in der Lage seien, auch nur einen Traktor zu bedienen. 多くのアメリカ人は、ロシア人は後進的で貧しいと考えていたが、有名なジャーナリスト、ジョン・ガンサーは、スプートニクは、ロシア人はトラクターすらほとんど操作できないというアメリカ人の考えを破壊したと述べている。

(Bit rude, some tractors are very complicated.) немного|грубоватый|||||сложные |||تراکتورها||| |||جرارات||| |||tractores||| |有点粗鲁||拖拉机|||复杂 (Bisschen unhöflich, einige Traktoren sind sehr kompliziert.) (Un peu grossier, certains tracteurs sont très compliqués).

The U.S.S.R.'s chief rocket engineer was called Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. |||||||||||Σергέι|Παβλόβιτς|Κορόλεφ ||||||||||||Pavlovich|Korolev |||||||||||سرگئی|پاولوویچ|کورولف ||||||首席|火箭|工程师|||谢尔盖|巴甫洛维奇|科罗廖夫 |||||||||||سيرجي|بافلovich|كوروليف ||||||||инженер||||| |||||||||||Sergei Pavlovich Korolev|Pavlovich|Korolev Der Chefraketeningenieur der UdSSR hieß Sergej Pawlowitsch Koroljow. For a while the Soviet leaders kept his name secret because they were worried the Americans would try and kill him. ||一段时间||苏联|苏联领导人|||名字|秘密||||担心||||||杀害| |||||||||||||||||||umbringen| ||||||||اسم|||||||||||| Eine Zeit lang hielten die sowjetischen Führer seinen Namen geheim, weil sie befürchteten, die Amerikaner würden versuchen, ihn zu töten. Pendant un certain temps, les dirigeants soviétiques ont gardé son nom secret parce qu'ils craignaient que les Américains ne tentent de le tuer. He was a mega-brainy weapons expert with a secret identity. |||超级|聪明绝顶|武器专家|武器专家|||秘密|身份 ||||intelligent|||||| |||||أسلحة||||سرية| ||||muy inteligente|armas||||| ||||умный|оружие|||||идентичность Er war ein megahirniger Waffenexperte mit einer geheimen Identität. Yep, he was basically Iron Man before he joined the Avengers. 对的|||基本上|铁一||||加入||复仇者联盟 ||||||||||انتقام‌جویان ||||||||||Avengers ||||||||||Avengers Да|||в основном|||||||Мстители Ja, er war im Grunde Iron Man, bevor er sich den Avengers anschloss.

Now, putting Sputnik in space was very clever but it didn't actually do anything. |发射|人造卫星|||||聪明||||实际上|| |||||||inteligente|pero||||| |||||||||||на самом деле|| Nun, Sputnik in den Weltraum zu bringen, war sehr schlau, aber es hat eigentlich nichts gebracht. L'envoi de Spoutnik dans l'espace était très astucieux, mais il n'a rien apporté de concret. さて、スプートニクを宇宙に投入したことは非常に巧妙だったが、実際には何もしなかった。 It just beeped so that amateur radio users around the world could track its progress. ||прозвучал||||||||мир||отслеживать|| ||sounded a beep|||||||||||| ||发出哔声|||业余无线电|业余无线电||||||追踪||进展 |||||آماتور||||||||| ||أصدر صفارة|||هاوي||||||||| ||emitió un pitido|||aficionados de radio||||||||| Es piepste nur, damit Amateurfunker auf der ganzen Welt seinen Fortschritt verfolgen konnten. 世界中のアマチュア無線家がその進捗状況を追跡できるように、ビープ音が鳴るだけだ。 Even school kids could take part as part of Operation Moonwatch. ||||||||||Лунные наблюдения ||||||||||Moonwatch ||||||||||مون‌واچ ||孩子们||||||||月球观测 ||||||||||مراقبة القمر ||||||||||παρακολούθηση φεγγαριού ||||||||||Operación Moonwatch Auch Schulkinder konnten im Rahmen der Operation Moonwatch mitmachen. ムーンウォッチ作戦の一環として、小学生でも参加できる。 But the beeping was also an enormous … to America. ||滴滴声|是|||巨大的|| ||صفير||||هام جدا|| ||||||огромный|| ||sonido de alerta|||||| ||بوق زدن|||||| Aber das Piepsen war auch ein enormes … für Amerika.

You know how annoying a beeping microwave can be? |||раздражающий|||микроволновка|| |||molesto||pitido|microondas|| |||烦人||发出哔声的|你知道微波炉的哔哔声有多烦人吗?|| Sie wissen, wie nervig eine piepende Mikrowelle sein kann? Vous savez à quel point un micro-ondes qui bipe peut être ennuyeux ? 電子レンジのビープ音がどれほど煩わしいか知っているかい? Well, this was even worse because it was a constant reminder to the U.S.A. |||甚至|更糟糕|||||常数(1)|提醒||||| ||||||||||recordatorio constante||||| Nun, das war noch schlimmer, weil es eine ständige Erinnerung an die USA war まあ、これはアメリカに対して常に思い起こさせるものだから、なおさらひどかった。 that they had lost the first part of the Space Race. ||||||部分|||| dass sie den ersten Teil des Weltraumrennens verloren hatten. 宇宙開発競争の最初の部分を失ったのだ。 Sputnik was mocking them! 斯普特尼克一号||嘲笑| ||مسخره کردن| ||verspotten| ||burlándose de| ||насмехался над ними| Sputnik verspottete sie! スプートニクは彼らをあざ笑っていた!

The Americans desperately wanted to outdo the Russians. ||отчаянно||||| ||به شدت||||| ||verzweifelt|||übertreffen|| |美国人|拼命地|||超过||俄罗斯人 |||||يتفوقوا|| |||||superar a|| Die Amerikaner wollten unbedingt die Russen übertrumpfen. In December 1957 they tried to launch their own satellite but the rocket exploded during the launch. |12月||||发射|||卫星|||火箭|爆炸了|在发射时||发射 |||حاولوا|||||||||||| |||||lanzar|||||||||| ||||||||спутник||||взорвался||| Im Dezember 1957 versuchten sie, einen eigenen Satelliten zu starten, aber die Rakete explodierte während des Starts. (Oops!) Ουπς ¡Ups

This was an embarrassing failure, so it got lots of embarrassing nicknames including Flopnik, Splatnik and Oopsnik, which are all lovely names for your pet hamster. |||||||||||||Φλοπνικ|Σπλατνίκ||Ουπςνίκ||||||||| |||||||||||||Flop hamster|splat sound||Oops nickname||||||||| |||||||||||||فلپ‌نیک|اسپلتنیک||اوپس‌نیک||||||||| |||peinlich|||||||||||||||||||||| |||尴尬的|失败||||||尴尬的|绰号|包括|失败尼克|飞溅尼克||哎哟尼克||||可爱的||||宠物仓鼠|仓鼠 |||||||||||||فشلنيك|سبلاتنيك||أوبسنيك|||||||||هامستر |||позорный||||||||||||||||||||||хомяк |||||||||||||Flopnik|Splatnik||Oopsnik|||||||||hámster mascota Das war ein peinlicher Fehlschlag, daher bekam es viele peinliche Spitznamen, darunter Flopnik, Splatnik und Oopsnik, die allesamt schöne Namen für Ihren Haustierhamster sind.

Annoyed at the failure, the USA started to bounce around some big new ideas about how they could get ahead in the Space Race. Раздосадованный||||||||обсуждать идеи||||||||||||||| molesto||||||||rebotar||||||||||||||| 烦恼|||失败||美国|||跳跃|讨论|||||||||||||| Verärgert über das Scheitern begannen die USA, einige große neue Ideen zu entwickeln, wie sie beim Weltraumrennen vorankommen könnten. Agacés par cet échec, les États-Unis ont commencé à réfléchir à de nouvelles idées sur la manière de prendre de l'avance dans la course à l'espace. And some of the ideas were, well, bonkers frankly. |||这些||||疯狂|坦率地说 |||||||verrückt|ehrlich gesagt |||||||جنونية| |||||||locas| |||||||безумные| Und einige der Ideen waren ehrlich gesagt verrückt. Et certaines de ces idées étaient franchement farfelues.

In 1958 they discussed sending a nuclear bomb to blow up a chunk off the moon. ||讨论|发送|||核弹||炸毁|||一块区域|离开|| |||||||||||قطعه||| |||||||||||Stück||| |||||||||||un trozo||| ||||||||взорвать|||кусок||| 1958 diskutierten sie darüber, eine Atombombe zu schicken, um einen Brocken vom Mond zu sprengen. En 1958, ils ont discuté de l'envoi d'une bombe nucléaire pour faire exploser un morceau de la lune. 1958年、彼らは月の塊を吹き飛ばすために核爆弾を送ることを話し合った。 I mean that's just like Bond-villain stuff. |||||Bond|| ||||||злодей|вещи |||||Bond|| |||||邦德|反派角色|恶棍行径 |||||باند|شرور| |أعني|||||| Ich meine, das ist wie Bond-Bösewicht-Zeug. Je veux dire que c'est juste un truc à la Bond-villain. つまり、それはボンド悪役みたいなものなんだ。

Thankfully the Americans didn't do that and they decided instead they would send something much, much cuter into space. ||||||||||||||||милее|| ||||||||||||||||cuter|| ||||||||||||||||زیباتر|| |||||||||||würden|||||süßer|| |||||||他们|决定||||||非常||更可爱的东西|| afortunadamente||||||||||||||||más lindo|| Zum Glück haben die Amerikaner das nicht getan und beschlossen, stattdessen etwas viel, viel niedlicheres ins All zu schicken. ありがたいことに、アメリカはそのようなことをせず、代わりにもっともっとかわいいものを宇宙に送ることにした。 Yes, animals.

Now, the Russians used dogs because they thought that chimps were emotionally unstable. ||俄罗斯人||狗|||认为||黑猩猩||情感上|情绪不稳定 |||||||||chimpanzés||| |||||لأنهم||||شمبانزي|||غير مستقر عاطفياً |||||||||Schimpansen||| |||||||||los chimpancés||emocionalmente|emocionalmente inestables Jetzt benutzten die Russen Hunde, weil sie dachten, Schimpansen seien emotional instabil. But if you are used to swinging through trees and eating bananas and then found yourself being shot into space I think you'd probably throw a tantrum, too. ||||||荡秋千|||||香蕉|||||被|射入||||||可能|||发脾气| ||||||تاب خوردن||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||يتأرجح||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||balanceándose||los árboles||||||||||||||||||berrinche| ||||||качаясь||||||||||||||||||||истерику| Aber wenn Sie es gewohnt sind, durch Bäume zu schwingen und Bananen zu essen und dann in den Weltraum geschossen zu werden, werden Sie wahrscheinlich auch einen Wutanfall bekommen. Mais si vous avez l'habitude de vous balancer dans les arbres et de manger des bananes et que vous vous retrouvez propulsé dans l'espace, je pense que vous feriez aussi une crise. Но если бы вы привыкли качаться на деревьях и есть бананы, а потом обнаружили, что вас запустили в космос, я думаю, вы бы тоже закатили истерику.

Anyway, the first dog in space was called Laika. 无论如何||||||||莱卡 ||||||||لايكا ||||||||Laika ||||||||Laika ||||||||لایکا She was a stray from the streets of Moscow and she launched on November 3rd, 1957. ||||||||||||||3 Νοεμβρίου |||流浪狗|||街头|||||发射||11月| |||شاردة||||||||||| ||||||||||||||tercero |||бездомная||||||||запустила||| Sie war ein Streuner von den Straßen Moskaus und startete am 3. November 1957. (Who's a good girl?) (Wer ist ein gutes Mädchen?)

Laika became a hero in the Soviet Union. Λάικα||||||| |||英雄||||苏联 She was on badges and postcards. |||значки|| |||pins|| |||نشان‌ها|| |||Abzeichen|| |||徽章上||明信片上 |||شارات||بطاقات بريدية |||insignias||postales Sie war auf Abzeichen und Postkarten. She even had her own chocolate bar named after her. |||||шоколад|шоколадный батончик||| |||||巧克力||以她命名|| Sie hatte sogar ihren eigenen Schokoriegel, der nach ihr benannt wurde. But sadly she didn't survive the trip. |可惜的是|||活下来||旅行 |tristemente||||| Aber leider hat sie die Reise nicht überlebt.

Luckily other space-dogs did return to earth alive and well. К счастью|||||||||| 幸运的是|||太空狗|||||活着|| Glücklicherweise kehrten andere Weltraumhunde gesund und munter zur Erde zurück. As did Ham and Enos, who were two space-chimps sent up by the Americans. ||Χαμ||Ένος|||||||||| ||||Enos|||||||||| ||هم||انوس|||||||||| ||哈姆||伊诺斯|||||黑猩猩|||||美国人 ||||إينوس||||فضاء|||||| ||||||||||||||американцы ||||Enos|||||||||| Genauso wie Ham und Enos, zwei Weltraumschimpansen, die von den Amerikanern hochgeschickt wurden. ハムとイーノスも同様で、彼らはアメリカによって送り込まれた2人のスペース・チンプだった。

In fact, the humans training to be astronauts at NASA were rather grumpy about being upstaged by chimps, especially since Enos liked to take off his nappy and throw poo at people. |фактически||||||астронавты||||довольно|сердитый|||затмевали|||||||||||подгузник|||какашки|| |||||||||||||||overshadowed|||||||||||diaper||||| ||||آموزش|||فضانوردان|||||عصبانی|||مورد توجه قرار گرفتن|||||||||||پوشک|||مدفوع|| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||Windel|||Kot|| 事实上|||人类|训练|||宇航员||美国宇航局|||脾气暴躁||被|抢风头||猩猩|尤其是||||||脱掉||尿布|||粪便|| ||||||||||||عابس|||تجاوزهم|||||||||||حفاضة|||براز|| |||||||astronautas||NASA|||gruñones|||opacados|||||||||||pañal|||caca|| Tatsächlich waren die Menschen, die bei der NASA zu Astronauten ausgebildet wurden, ziemlich mürrisch, wenn sie von Schimpansen in Szene gesetzt wurden, zumal Enos gerne seine Windel auszog und Menschen mit Kot bewarf. 実際、NASAで宇宙飛行士になる訓練をしている人間たちは、チンパンジーに邪魔されることにむしろ不機嫌だった。特にイーノスはおむつを脱いで人にフンを投げつけるのが好きだったからだ。 W rzeczywistości ludzie szkolący się na astronautów w NASA byli raczej zirytowani faktem, że zostali zastąpieni przez szympansy, zwłaszcza że Enos lubił zdejmować pieluchę i rzucać kupą w ludzi.

After animals, the next competition event was to put a human in space and America was confident it would win that one. |||||事件|||||人类||||||有信心|||||这一项 ||||||||||||||||zuversichtlich||||| ||||مسابقة||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||уверенный||||| Nach den Tieren sollte der nächste Wettbewerb einen Menschen in den Weltraum bringen, und Amerika war zuversichtlich, dass es diesen gewinnen würde. 動物の次は、人類を宇宙に送り出す競技であり、アメリカはこの競技に勝つ自信があった。

Well, it didn't. Nun, das tat es nicht. まあ、そうではなかった。 No, the Russians got there first. ||俄罗斯人||| ||||هناك| Nein, die Russen waren zuerst da. いや、ロシアが先だ。

In 1961 Yuri Gagarin was launched into orbit aboard Vostok I. ||||выведен на орбиту||||| ||||||||Vostok| |Γιούρι|Γκαγκάριν||||||Βοστόκ| |尤里|加加林||发射|||乘坐|东方号| |یوری|گگارین||||||وستوک| |يوري|غاغارين||||||فوسطوك| |Yuri Gagarin|Gagarin|||||a bordo|Vostok I| 1961 wurde Juri Gagarin an Bord von Wostok I in die Umlaufbahn gebracht. 1961年、ユーリ・ガガーリンがボストーク1号で軌道に打ち上げられた。 But he was more worried about coming down than going up 'cause he wasn't sure where he was going to land. ||||担心||降落|||||因为||||||||| |||||در مورد||||||||||||||| Aber er machte sich mehr Sorgen um den Abstieg als um den Aufstieg, weil er nicht sicher war, wo er landen würde. Mais il était plus préoccupé par la descente que par la montée, car il n'était pas sûr de l'endroit où il allait atterrir. しかし、彼は上がることよりも降りることを心配していた。

So he took a knife and a gun with him in case he ended up landing in the North Pole and was attacked by polar bears. ||||刀|||枪||||||||||||北极|||被攻击||北极熊|北极熊 ||||||||مع||||||||||القطب الشمالي|القطب|||||قطبية| ||||||||||||||||||||||||polo norte| |||||||||||||||||||полюс|||||| Also nahm er ein Messer und eine Waffe mit, für den Fall, dass er am Nordpol landete und von Eisbären angegriffen wurde. そこで彼は、北極に上陸してホッキョクグマに襲われた場合に備えて、ナイフと銃を持っていった。

Thankfully he landed safely back in the Russian countryside, although it didn't go that well. 幸好||降落|||||俄罗斯||尽管||||| ||aterrizó|||||||||||| |||||||||хотя||||| Zum Glück landete er sicher wieder auf dem russischen Land, obwohl es nicht so gut lief. Heureusement, il a atterri sain et sauf dans la campagne russe, même si cela ne s'est pas très bien passé. ありがたいことに、彼はロシアの田舎町に無事着陸した。 He got tangled up and his parachute got caught in his underpants. ||запутался|||||||||трусах ||emmêlé|||||||||culottes ||tangled||||||||| ||گرفتار|||||||||شورت ||verheddert||||Fallschirm|||||Unterhose ||缠住了||||降落伞|||||内裤 ||مربوط||||مظلة الهبوط|||||سروال داخلي |||||||||||calzoncillos Er verhedderte sich und sein Fallschirm verfing sich in seiner Unterhose. Il s'est emmêlé et son parachute s'est coincé dans son caleçon. 絡まってパラシュートがパンツに引っかかったんだ。

Talk about the ultimate wedgie. |||конечный|максимальный задир ||||tirage de slip ||||underwear prank |||终极内裤提拉|终极内裤提拉 ||||Hosenstreich |||نهایی|کشیدن شلوار ||||سحب السروال ||||humillación máxima Sprechen Sie über den ultimativen Wedgie. 究極のウェッジについて話そう。

Yuri Gagarin was soon greeted with dancing in the streets of Moscow and a huge parade. ||||迎接||舞蹈|||街道|||||盛大的|游行庆典 |||||||||||||||استعراض |||||||||||||||desfile ||||||||||||||огромный| ||||استقبال شد||||||||||| Yuri Gagarin wurde bald mit Tanzen in den Straßen von Moskau und einer riesigen Parade begrüßt. Youri Gagarine est bientôt accueilli par des danses dans les rues de Moscou et un immense défilé. ユーリ・ガガーリンはすぐにモスクワの通りでダンスを踊り、大規模なパレードで迎えられた。 He was declared a hero of the Soviet Union. ||被宣告|||||| ||أُعلن|||||| Er wurde zum Helden der Sowjetunion erklärt. 彼はソ連の英雄とされた。 Although initially his dad was not that impressed, muttering: 虽然|起初||||||印象深刻|嘟囔着说 ||||||||همس |||папа|||||бормоча себе Obwohl sein Vater anfangs nicht so beeindruckt war, murmelte er: Au début, son père n'était pas très impressionné, mais il a marmonné : 当初、父親はそれほど感心しておらず、こうつぶやいた: “What kind of hero is he anyway. They sent a dog into space, so why make him a hero?” ||||||到底||派||||||还要为什么|||| |||||هو||||||||||||| „Was für ein Held ist er überhaupt. Sie haben einen Hund ins All geschickt, warum also aus ihm einen Helden machen?“ "Quel genre de héros est-il de toute façon ? Ils ont envoyé un chien dans l'espace, alors pourquoi en faire un héros ?" 「彼はどんなヒーローなんだ?犬を宇宙に送ったのに、なぜ彼をヒーローにするんだ?

Wow, and you thought your family were hard to please. |||以为||||难取悦|| Wow, und du dachtest, deine Familie sei schwer zufrieden zu stellen. Wow, et vous pensiez que votre famille était difficile à satisfaire. うわあ、自分の家族は喜ばせるのが難しいと思っていたんだね。

So, Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space. Surely then Americans could at least put the first woman in space? surely|||||хотя бы|||||| 当然||美国人||||||||| Sicherlich könnten die Amerikaner dann zumindest die erste Frau ins All bringen? そうすれば、アメリカ人は少なくとも女性初の宇宙飛行士を誕生させることができるはずだ。

Well, no. Again, in 1963 the Russians did that first. |||俄罗斯人||| Auch das taten 1963 die Russen zuerst. And the honour went to Valentina Tereshkova. (– Hello!) |||||Βαλεντίνα Τερεσκόβα|Τερέσκοβα| |||||Valentina|Tereshkova| |||||والنتینا|ترشکova| ||荣誉归于瓦莲京娜·捷列什科娃。|||瓦莲京娜|捷列什科娃| |||||فالنتينا|تيريشكوفا| |||||Valentina Tereshkova|Tereshkova|

Now, Valentina was a real thrill-seeker, she went sky-diving for a hobby! |||||刺激|追求刺激者||去||跳伞|||爱好 |||||Adrenalinkick|||||Fallschirmspringen||| |||||إثارة|باحث عن الإثارة||||||| ||||||buscadora de emociones||||paracaidismo||| |||||هیجان|||||||| Nun, Valentina war ein echter Nervenkitzel, sie ging als Hobby zum Fallschirmspringen! ヴァレンティーナはスリル好きで、趣味でスカイダイビングをしていた!

And she always had a lovely way with words. ||||||||言辞 Und sie hatte immer eine schöne Art mit Worten. Et elle a toujours eu une belle façon de parler. そして、彼女はいつも素敵な言葉の使い方をしていた。

During takeoff she shouted: “Hey, sky, take off your hat, I'm on my way!“ |起飞时||喊道||||||帽子||||路上 |despegue|||||||||||| |پرواز|||||||||||| Beim Start rief sie: „Hey, Himmel, nimm deinen Hut ab, ich bin auf dem Weg!“ Pendant le décollage, elle a crié : "Hé, ciel, enlève ton chapeau, je suis en route !" 離陸中、彼女は叫んだ:"おい、空!帽子を脱げ!今行くから!"

Because Valentina's call sign was “seagull”, the first words she said in space, – in fact the first words that any woman said in space – were: “I am seagull, I am seagull!” |Βαλεντίνα της||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |Valentina's|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||seagull |瓦莲京娜的||呼号||海鸥||||||||||||||||||||||海鸥||是| |والنتینا||||ماهی‌گیر||||||||||||||||||||||||| |فالنتينا|نداء|||طائر النورس||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||позывной||чайка||||||||||||||||||||||||| |de Valentina||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| Da Valentinas Rufzeichen „Möwe“ war, waren die ersten Worte, die sie im Weltraum sagte – eigentlich die ersten Worte, die jede Frau im Weltraum sagte – „Ich bin Möwe, ich bin Möwe!“ ヴァレンティーナのコールサインは "カモメ "であったから、彼女が宇宙で最初に発した言葉は、実際、どんな女性でも宇宙で最初に発した言葉は、こうであった:「私はかもめ、私はかもめ!」。

Unfortunately there were no chips for her to steal. 不幸的是||||薯片||||偷 ||||fichas de juego||||robar Leider gab es keine Chips, die sie stehlen konnte. Malheureusement, il n'y avait pas de jetons à voler. 残念ながら、彼女が盗むチップはなかった。

Even though the Americans and some of the Soviet Russians sneered at Valentina Tereshkova because she was a woman, actually lots of women had vital roles in the Space Race and many of them worked as computers. ||||||||||насмехались|||||||||на самом деле|||||жизненно важные|||||||||||| ||||||||||تمسخر کردند|||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||sneerten|||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||嘲笑||瓦莲蒂娜|||||||实际上|||||重要的|重要角色|||||||||担任计算机||计算员 ||||||||||سخروا|||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||se burlaron|||||||||||||||||||||||||| Obwohl die Amerikaner und einige der Sowjetrussen Valentina Tereshkova verspotteten, weil sie eine Frau war, spielten tatsächlich viele Frauen eine wichtige Rolle im Weltraumrennen und viele von ihnen arbeiteten als Computer. アメリカ人や一部のソビエト・ロシア人は、バレンティーナ・テレシコワが女性であることを嘲笑していたが、実際には多くの女性が宇宙開発競争で重要な役割を果たし、その多くがコンピューターとして働いていた。

No, not like that. Nein, nicht so. Non, pas comme ça. いや、そんなんじゃない。 Computers were people such as Catherine Johnson, whose brilliantly complicated maths calculations were essential for the missions. 计算机|||例如||凯瑟琳|约翰逊|她的|出色地|复杂的|数学计算|计算||至关重要|||任务 ||||||||بشكل رائع|||حسابات||||| |||||||||||||необходимы||| ||||||||||cálculos matemáticos||||||misiones espaciales |||||Καθρίν Τζόνσον||||||||||| Computer waren Leute wie Catherine Johnson, deren brillant komplizierte mathematische Berechnungen für die Missionen unerlässlich waren. Les ordinateurs étaient utilisés par des personnes telles que Catherine Johnson, dont les calculs mathématiques brillamment compliqués étaient essentiels pour les missions. コンピュータは、キャサリン・ジョンソンのような人々であり、彼女の素晴らしく複雑な数学計算はミッションに不可欠だった。 Without very clever maths, spacecraft would just go floating off into space, never to be seen again. 没有(1)|||数学|航天器||||漂浮|||||||| ||||فضاپیما|||||||||||| ||||مركبة فضائية|||||||||||| ||||naves espaciales|||||||||||| ||||astronavi||||floating = to float|||||||| Ohne sehr schlaue Mathematik würden Raumschiffe einfach in den Weltraum schweben und nie wieder gesehen werden. 非常に巧妙な数学がなければ、宇宙船は宇宙空間に漂い、二度と姿を現すことはないだろう。

At the half way point in the Space Race, the U.S.S.R. was doing really well and they soon achieved the next big thing: ||||||||太空竞赛|||||||表现||||||达成|||| |||||||||||||||||||||achieved|||| Zur Halbzeit des Weltraumrennens lief es für die UdSSR wirklich gut und sie erreichten bald das nächste große Ding: 宇宙開発競争の中間地点で、ソビエト連邦は実に好調で、すぐに次の大きなことを成し遂げた: the first space walk in 1965, although thinking about it you don't really walk in space 'cause there's nothing to stand on. It's more of a sort of space float. |||||although||||||||||because|||||||||||||float |||||||||||||||||||||||||||Weltraum|schweben |||||尽管如此||||||||||因为||||站|||更像|||一种||漂浮|太空漂浮 Der erste Weltraumspaziergang im Jahr 1965, obwohl man, wenn man darüber nachdenkt, nicht wirklich im Weltraum läuft, weil es nichts gibt, worauf man stehen könnte. Es ist eher eine Art Weltraumschwimmer. la première sortie dans l'espace en 1965, même si, en y réfléchissant, on ne marche pas vraiment dans l'espace car il n'y a rien pour se tenir debout. Il s'agit plutôt d'une sorte de flottement dans l'espace. 考えてみれば、宇宙には立つものが何もないのだから、本当に歩くわけではない。というのも、宇宙には立つものがないからだ。

The next year, America tried to catch up a bit. ||||||赶上|||一点 Im nächsten Jahr versuchte Amerika, ein wenig aufzuholen. L'année suivante, l'Amérique a tenté de rattraper son retard. 翌年、アメリカは少し追いつこうとした。 They achieved the first docking of two spacecrafts, which is very important and very difficult to do, so it was impressive but they knew that they needed a really big win. |实现|||对接|||飞船|||||||||||||令人印象深刻|||知道|||||||重大胜利 |||||||فضاپیماها||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||التحام|||مركبات فضائية||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||acoplamiento|||naves espaciales||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||docking|||spacecraft|||||||||||||impressive|||||||||| Sie erreichten das erste Andocken von zwei Raumschiffen, was sehr wichtig und sehr schwierig zu bewerkstelligen ist, also war es beeindruckend, aber sie wussten, dass sie einen wirklich großen Sieg brauchten. 2機の宇宙船を初めてドッキングさせるという、非常に重要かつ困難なことを成し遂げたのだ。

They were now pouring huge amounts of money, incredible amounts of money, into going for the big one. |||investing|enormous||||incredible||||||||| |||می‌ریختند|||||||||||||| |||倾注||||资金||巨额||||||||一项 Sie schütteten jetzt riesige Geldsummen aus, unglaubliche Geldsummen, um nach dem Großen zu streben. 彼らは今、莫大な資金、信じられないほどの資金をつぎ込んで、大物を目指していた。

“I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth. ||||国家||致力于|自己||实现||目标|||十年内||||登月|||||月球||将他安全返回||||| ||||||متعهد کند|||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||aterrizar un hombre|||||||||||| ||||||impegnarsi|||achieving||goal|||||||||||||||||||earth „Ich glaube, dass diese Nation sich dazu verpflichten sollte, das Ziel zu erreichen, noch vor Ablauf dieses Jahrzehnts einen Mann auf dem Mond zu landen und ihn sicher zur Erde zurückzubringen. 「私は、この10年が経過する前に、人類を月面に着陸させ、無事に地球に帰還させるという目標を達成することに、この国がコミットすべきだと信じている。 quote: President Kennedy; May 25, 1961 “我相信这个国家应该致力于在本十年结束之前实现登月并安全将人类送回地球的目标。” No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind or more important for the long-range exploration of space. |||项目||||将会|||||人类||更|重要||||||| ||||||||||||بشر|||||||||| ||||||||||||mankind||||||||exploration|| Kein einziges Weltraumprojekt in dieser Zeit wird für die Menschheit beeindruckender oder wichtiger für die Erforschung des Weltraums auf lange Sicht sein. Aucun projet spatial ne sera plus impressionnant pour l'humanité ni plus important pour l'exploration à long terme de l'espace. 人類にとってこれほど印象的な、あるいは長期的な宇宙探査にとってこれほど重要な宇宙プロジェクトはないだろう。 quote: President Kennedy; May 25, 1961 “在这段时间内,没有任何一个太空项目对人类来说会更令人印象深刻,或对太空长期探索更重要。” And none will be so difficult or expensive to accomplish.” |没有一个||||||昂贵||完成 |||||||||انجام دادن |||||||||erreichen ||will be = will be|||||||to accomplish そして、達成するのがこれほど困難で高価なものはないだろう」。 quote: President Kennedy; May 25, 1961 “而且没有一个项目会如此困难或昂贵来完成。”

Now, it wasn't actually the first moon landing because the Russians had already landed a robotic probe on the moon in 1959 and his job was to scatter Soviet flags everywhere. |||actually|||||||||||||||||||||||spargere||| ||||||||||||||||کاوشگر||||||||||پراکندن||| |||||||||||||||روبوتي|مسبار||||||||||يُنثر||أعلام سوفيتية| |||||||||||||||robótica|sonda robótica||||||||||esparcir||banderas soviéticas| |||实际上||||登月|||苏联人|||着陆||机器人|探测器||||||||||散布|苏联|苏联国旗| Nun, es war eigentlich nicht die erste Mondlandung, denn die Russen hatten bereits 1959 eine Robotersonde auf dem Mond gelandet und seine Aufgabe war es, überall sowjetische Flaggen zu verteilen. というのも、ロシアはすでに1959年にロボット探査機を月面に着陸させており、彼の仕事はソ連の国旗をあちこちに撒くことだったからだ。 What a litterbug! ||litterbug ||messy person ||زباله‌دان ||Müllsünder ||真是个垃圾虫! ||مُلقٍ للقمامة ||persona que tira basura Was für ein Müllkäfer! なんというポイ捨て! 真是个乱扔垃圾的人!

But by 1969 it was time for the main event: the moonwalk. ||||||||盛事||登月行走 ||||||||||قدم زدن بر روی ماه ||||||||||paseo lunar ||||||||||moonwalk しかし、1969年にはメインイベントであるムーンウォークの時が来た。 但到了 1969 年,终于到了重头戏:月球漫步。

No, not the cool backwards dancing thing, no, actually walking on the surface of the moon. |||酷炫|向后|倒退舞||||行走|||月球表面|||月球 ||||hacia atrás||||||||||| ||||all'indietro||||||||surface||| いや、クールな後ろ向きダンスではなく、実際に月面を歩くのだ。

Sure, the Russians were ahead in the Space Race, they'd done really well so far but it all came down to the moon landing. ||俄罗斯人||领先|||||他们|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||aterrizaje lunar Sicher, die Russen waren im Weltraumrennen vorne, sie hatten bisher wirklich gut abgeschnitten, aber es kam alles auf die Mondlandung an. Certes, les Russes étaient en tête de la course à l'espace, ils s'étaient très bien débrouillés jusqu'à présent, mais tout s'est joué lors de l'alunissage. 確かに、宇宙開発競争ではロシアが先行していたし、彼らはこれまで本当によくやっていたが、すべては月面着陸にかかっていた。 当然,俄罗斯人在太空竞赛中处于领先地位,到目前为止他们表现非常出色,但一切都取决于登月。 俄罗斯人确实在太空竞赛中处于领先地位,他们做得非常出色,但最终一切归结为登月。

If the Space Race was like a game of Quidditch in Harry Potter, then walking on the moon was like catching the Golden Snitch. |||||||||Quidditch|||||||||||||| |||||||||a wizard sport||||||||||||||Golden Snitch |||||||||کوییدچ||||||||||||||سنچری |||||||||||||||||||||||der goldene Schnatz |||||||比赛||魁地奇|||||在月球行走||||||抓住|||金色飞贼 |||||||||كويكيتش||||||||||||||المخبر |||||||||Κουίντιτς|||||||||||||| 宇宙戦争がハリー・ポッターのクィディッチのようなものなら、月面を歩くのは金のスニッチを捕まえるようなものだ。 如果太空竞赛就像《哈利波特》中的魁地奇比赛,那么登月就像捉住金色飞贼。 As soon as you do it, it's game over. それをやった時点でゲームオーバーだ。 一旦你做到了,比赛就结束了。

In July 1969, Apollo 11 launched with the whole world watching. ||阿波罗11号|发射|||||注视着 ||Apollo 11|despegó||||| |||lanciò||||| Im Juli 1969 startete Apollo 11 vor den Augen der ganzen Welt. 1969年7月、全世界が注目する中、アポロ11号が打ち上げられた。

“…4, 3, 2, 1, 0. All engine running. Liftoff! We have a liftoff! Thirty-two minutes past the hour…” |engine||despegue|||||||||| |||پرواز||||پرواز|||||| |motor||||||despegue|||||| |引擎一||起飞||||发射|||分钟|||整点 „…4, 3, 2, 1, 0. Alle Motoren laufen. Abheben! Wir haben einen Abflug! Zweiunddreißig Minuten nach der vollen Stunde …« "...4、3、2、1、0、全エンジン始動、リフトオフ! 時刻を32分過ぎた..."

It was crewed by the astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins. ||crew||||||||||| ||manned by||||||||||| ||مأموریت توسط||||||||آلدرین||| ||由...驾驶|||宇航员||阿姆斯特朗|艾德温|巴兹|奥尔德林|||科林斯 ||مؤلف من|||||أرمسترونغ||باز|ألدريـن|||كولينز ||||||Νιλ|Άρμστρονγκ|Έντγουιν|Μπάζζ|Άλντριν||| ||tripulada|||astronautas||Armstrong|Edwin Aldrin||Buzz Aldrin|||Collins ニール・アームストロング、エドウィン・バズ・オルドリン、マイケル・コリンズの3人の宇宙飛行士が搭乗した。 它由宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗、埃德温·巴兹·奥尔德林和迈克尔·科林斯驾驶。

Neil Armstrong thought that they only had a fifty-percent chance of coming home alive but amazingly it went really well and on July 20th, 1969, Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon and he was followed by Buzz Aldrin who was the first person to have a wee on the moon. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||wee||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||faire pipi||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||pinkeln||| |阿姆斯特朗|||||||五十|百分之五十|机会||回家||||令人惊讶地||进行得||||||||阿姆斯特朗||||人|||||||||紧随其后||||||||人||||小便||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||تبول||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||pipí||| Neil Armstrong dachte, dass sie nur eine fünfzigprozentige Chance hätten, lebend nach Hause zu kommen, aber erstaunlicherweise lief es wirklich gut und am 20. Juli 1969 war Neil Armstrong der erste Mensch, der den Mond betrat, und ihm folgte Buzz Aldrin, der der war erster Mensch, der auf dem Mond pinkelt. ニール・アームストロングは、彼らが生きて帰れる可能性は50%しかないと考えていたが、驚くべきことにそれは本当にうまくいき、1969年7月20日、ニール・アームストロングは月面を歩いた最初の人物となり、月面でおしっこをした最初の人物であるバズ・オルドリンがそれに続いた。 尼尔·阿姆斯特朗认为他们只有50%的机会活着回家,但令人惊讶的是,一切都进展得非常顺利,在1969年7月20日,尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为第一个登上月球的人,随后是巴兹·奥尔德林,他是第一个在月球上小便的人。

Yep, he broke his urine collector and so his left boot filled up with wee. (Ugh!) Yep||||urine||||||||||pee| ||||ادرار|جمع‌آوری‌کننده|||||||||ادرار| ||||بول|جامع|||||||||| ||||||||||bota||||| ||弄坏了|他的|尿液|收集器|||||靴子|装满|||尿| Ja, er hat seinen Urinsammler kaputt gemacht und so hat sich sein linker Stiefel mit Urin gefüllt. (Pfui!) Oui, il a cassé son collecteur d'urine et sa botte gauche s'est donc remplie de pipi (Ugh !). そう、彼は集尿器を壊してしまったから、左足のブーツがおしっこでいっぱいになってしまったんだ。 是的,他弄坏了尿袋,结果他的左靴子灌满了尿液。(呃!)

Neil Armstrong's first steps on the moon were broadcast live on TV to 650,000,000 people around the world, it was a huge global event. |Άρμστρονγκ||||||||||||||||||||| |Armstrong||||||||||||||||||||| |阿姆斯特朗||第一步|||||直播|现场直播|||||全世界||||||||事件 |آرمسترانگ||||||||||||||||||||| |أرمسترونغ|||||||بث|||||||||||||| ||||||||broadcast|||||||||||||| |Armstrong|||||||transmitidos en vivo|||||||||||||| Les premiers pas de Neil Armstrong sur la lune ont été retransmis en direct à la télévision à 650 000 000 de personnes dans le monde entier. To the general public it felt like the Space Race was over. ||公众|公众||||||||结束了 Für die breite Öffentlichkeit fühlte es sich an, als wäre das Weltraumrennen vorbei. Le grand public avait l'impression que la course à l'espace était terminée. 一般の人々には、宇宙戦争が終わったように感じられた。 The Russians may have started out brilliantly but getting to the moon meant that America had won. (– Yahoo!) |||||||||||||||||Γιάννα |||had|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||ياهو |||||||||||||||||¡Yahoo ||||||出色地||登月||||意味着||||赢得了| Die Russen mögen brillant begonnen haben, aber die Ankunft auf dem Mond bedeutete, dass Amerika gewonnen hatte. (– Yahoo!) Les Russes ont peut-être commencé brillamment, mais le fait d'aller sur la Lune signifiait que l'Amérique avait gagné. (- Yahoo !) ロシアは素晴らしいスタートを切ったかもしれないが、月への到達はアメリカの勝利を意味した。(ヤフー) 俄罗斯人可能一开始表现得很出色,但登上月球意味着美国获胜。(– 雅虎!)

After all that excitement, the Apollo 11 astronauts returned home but they then had to self-isolate in a metal trailer for three weeks to make sure that they hadn't brought back any nasty moon bacteria – and they didn't even have iPlayer to watch – boring! ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||iPlayer||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||streaming service||| |||excitement|||astronauts|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||noioso |||||Apollo 11|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 在那之后|||兴奋||阿波罗1号|宇航员|||||||||自我隔离|||金属的|金属拖车||||||||||带回||||月球|月球细菌||||||iPlayer||观看| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||iPlayer||| |||||||||||||||||||مقطورة|||||||||||||||||||||مشغل الفيديو||| |||||||||||||||autoaislarse||||remolque metálico|||||||||||||||||||||iPlayer||| Nach all dieser Aufregung kehrten die Astronauten von Apollo 11 nach Hause zurück, mussten sich dann aber drei Wochen lang in einem Metallanhänger selbst isolieren, um sicherzustellen, dass sie keine fiesen Mondbakterien mitgebracht hatten – und dazu hatten sie nicht einmal den iPlayer ansehen – langweilig! あの興奮の後、アポロ11号の宇宙飛行士たちは帰還したが、その後、厄介な月のバクテリアを持ち帰らなかったことを確認するために、金属製のトレーラーに3週間も隔離されなければならなかった! 经历了所有的激动后,阿波罗11号宇航员们回到家,但他们接着不得不在一个金属拖车里自我隔离三周,以确保他们没有带回任何讨厌的月球细菌 – 甚至连iPlayer都没有看 – 无聊!

Apart from being locked in a room for a few weeks, the astronauts became mega famous and they then went on tours around America and other parts of the world, particularly Neil and Buzz. ||被锁|被锁在|||||||||宇航员||超级|超级有名||||||巡回演出|||||地区||||尤其是||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||insbesondere||| ب apart||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||chiuso|||||||||||||||||||||||||||especially||| Abgesehen davon, dass sie für ein paar Wochen in einem Raum eingesperrt waren, wurden die Astronauten mega berühmt und gingen dann auf Tourneen durch Amerika und andere Teile der Welt, insbesondere Neil und Buzz. Après avoir été enfermés dans une pièce pendant quelques semaines, les astronautes sont devenus très célèbres et ont fait des tournées en Amérique et dans d'autres parties du monde, en particulier Neil et Buzz. 数週間部屋に閉じ込められたことを除けば、宇宙飛行士たちは超有名になり、特にニールとバズはその後アメリカや世界各地をツアーで回った。 除了被锁在一个房间几周外,宇航员们变得非常有名,然后他们开始在美国和世界其他地方巡回演出,尤其是尼尔和巴兹。 In fact, the super cool space ranger Buzz Lightyear from Toy Story is named after Buzz Aldrin. ||||||||Λάιτγιαρ|||||||| ||||超级酷||巡逻队员|巴斯|光年||玩具总动员|||以命名|||奥尔德林 ||||||حارس الفضاء||لايتير||لعبة|||||| ||||||ranger espacial||Lightyear|||||||| ||||||رنجر||لایت‌یر|||||||| Tatsächlich ist der supercoole Space Ranger Buzz Lightyear aus Toy Story nach Buzz Aldrin benannt. En fait, le super cool ranger de l'espace Buzz l'Éclair de Toy Story porte le nom de Buzz Aldrin. 実際、『トイ・ストーリー』に登場する超クールなスペース・レンジャー、バズ・ライトイヤーは、バズ・オルドリンにちなんで名付けられた。

“To infinity and… well, you know.” |无限大|||| |بی‌نهایت|||| |اللانهائية|||| |infinity|||| „Bis ins Unendliche und … nun, du weißt schon.“ "Jusqu'à l'infini et... eh bien, vous savez." "無限大に、そして......まあ、わかるだろ" “到无穷远……嗯,你懂的。”

So that brings us to the end of our expedition. ||带来|||||||探险之旅 ||يُوصل|||||||بعثة |||||||||سفر Damit sind wir am Ende unserer Expedition angelangt. というわけで、遠征はこれで終わり。 这就是我们探险的结束。 Now it's time for a quick-fire quiz to see how much you've learned. |||||||||||||aprendido Jetzt ist es Zeit für ein schnelles Quiz, um zu sehen, wie viel Sie gelernt haben. Il est maintenant temps de faire un petit quiz pour voir ce que vous avez appris. さて、どれだけ覚えたか、早押しクイズの時間だ。 现在是时候进行一个快速测验,看看你学到了多少。 Are you ready? Sind Sie bereit? OK? 3, 2, 1, blast-off! 发射| 3, 2, 1, Abflug! 3、2、1、ブラストオフ 3, 2, 1, blast-off!