230601 Ecotourism: good or bad? ecoturismo||| 230601 Ecoturismo: ¿bueno o malo? 230601 Ekoturystyka: dobra czy zła? 230601 Экотуризм: хорошо или плохо? 230601 Ekoturizm: iyi mi kötü mü? 230601 生態旅遊：好還是壞？

Neil:

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Neil.

Beth:

And I'm Beth. Nowadays, the word ‘safari' is often used negatively. |||safari|||| 如今，“safari”一词经常被用作贬义词。

For many people, the idea of killing animals for sport is unacceptable. |||||||||||inaceitável

Neil:

As the popularity of hunting declines, safaris are swapping their guns for cameras, offering tourists the chance to photograph wild animals in their natural habitat. |||||diminui|||trocar||||||||||fotografar||||||habitat 随着狩猎活动逐渐衰落，狩猎旅行团纷纷用相机代替枪支，为游客提供在自然栖息地拍摄野生动物的机会。

In recent years, nature and wildlife tourism, also called ecotourism, has grown massively. 近年来，自然和野生动物旅游（也称为生态旅游）迅猛发展。

Beth:

But the story is complex.

While money from ecotourism is supposed to support threatened wildlife and traditional local cultures, the reality is sometimes different. ||||||||ameaçada||||||||||diferente 虽然生态旅游的资金本应用于支持濒危野生动物和传统当地文化，但现实情况有时却并非如此。

In this programme, we'll be asking: is ecotourism good or bad? And, as usual, we'll be learning some useful new vocabulary as well.

Neil:

But first I have a question for you, Beth.

Most tourists on safari are looking for ‘the big five', the name given to Africa's most iconic large animals. 大多数参加狩猎旅行的游客都希望看到“非洲五大动物”，这是对非洲最具代表性的大型动物的名称。

But which animals are ‘the big five'? Is it:

a) the lion, leopard, giraffe, baboon and buffalo ||||girafa|babuíno||bufalo

b) the lion, leopard, tiger, elephant and buffalo or ||||tigre||||

c) the lion, leopard, rhinoceros, elephant and buffalo? ||||rinoceronte|||

Beth:

I guess it's a) the lion, leopard, giraffe, baboon and buffalo. ||||||||babuíno||

Neil:

I'll reveal the answer at the end of the programme.

The balance between the good and bad things ecotourism can bring is well understood by Vicky Smith, whose website, Earth Changes, matches ecotourists with environmentally-friendly travel companies. |||||||||||||||||||||combina|ecoturistas||||| 维基·史密斯 (Vicky Smith) 深谙生态旅游带来的好处和坏处之间的平衡，她的网站“地球变化” (Earth Changes) 为生态游客与环保旅游公司进行匹配。

Here is Vicky talking with BBC Radio 4 programme, Costing the Earth. 以下是 Vicky 接受 BBC 第四电台节目《Costing the Earth》采访时的情况。

Vicky Smith:

Just because tourism is nature-based, it doesn't mean to say it's necessarily responsible or sustainable. 虽然旅游业以自然为基础，但这并不意味着它一定是负责任或可持续的。

So, there's a lot of animal activities in tourism that we know which are, you know, highly irresponsible and unsustainable, like a performing whale and dolphin shows, or swimming with dolphins, elephant-riding, tiger selfies where the tigers are drugged. |||||||||||||||||||insustentável|||apresentações|baleia||golfinho|||||||||selfies|||||drogados

Beth:

Genuine ecotourism is sustainable – designed to continue at a steady level which does not damage the environment. |||||||||constante|||||prejuízo|| 真正的生态旅游是可持续的——旨在维持稳定的水平并且不会破坏环境。

Not every travel company which calls themselves eco-friendly acts sustainably, and may still advertise irresponsible tourist activities, including tiger selfies – having your photo taken with a captive wild tiger. ||||||a si mesmas||||de forma sustentável|||||||||||||||||cativo|| 并非所有自称环保的旅游公司都采取可持续的行动，它们可能仍在宣传不负责任的旅游活动，包括与老虎自拍——与圈养的野生老虎合影。

Neil:

There are two requirements travel companies should meet to qualify as genuine ecotourism. |||||||||qualificar||| 旅行公司必须满足两个要求才能成为真正的生态旅游公司。

First, tourists' main motivation should be to appreciate and observe the natural world without interfering, and second, the money they spend should support traditional communities. 首先，游客的主要动机应该是在不干扰的情况下欣赏和观察自然世界；其次，他们花的钱应该用于支持传统社区。

Clearly, having your photograph taken with a chained and drugged tiger does not meet these requirements. claramente|||||||acorrentado||||||atende||

Beth:

But not all companies claiming to be ecotourism behave so irresponsibly. ||||||||||irresponsavelmente 但并非所有自称生态旅游的公司都表现得如此不负责任。

According to Antonia Bolingbroke-Kent, who runs small scale wildlife expeditions to some of the most remote places on Earth, it's possible to put travel companies on a sliding scale from good to bad. ||||||organiza|||vida selvagem|||||||||||||||||||variável||||| 安东尼娅·博林布鲁克·肯特 (Antonia Bolingbroke-Kent) 曾组织过前往地球上一些最偏远地区进行小规模野生动物探险的旅行社，据她所说，旅行社的评级有好有坏。

On BBC Radio 4's programme, Costing the Earth, Antonia discussed her work in Tajikistan, a country where ecotourism is making a positive impact on both animal and human communities.

Antonia Bolingbroke Kent:

At the other end of the scale is Tajikistan, where I work a lot, which gets less than two dozen wildlife tourists a year, and the money these visitors bring is essential to the conservation work that grassroots NGOs are doing. |||||||||||||||||||dúzia||||||||||||||||||de base||| 而另一个极端是我经常工作的塔吉克斯坦，那里每年接待的野生动物游客不到二十几名，而这些游客带来的资金对于基层非政府组织的保护工作至关重要。 在另一极端的是塔吉克斯坦，我在那里工作很多，每年只有不到两打野生动物游客，这些游客带来的钱对于基层非政府组织所做的保护工作至关重要。

So those few tourists… their money goes a very long way and the animals people are looking at… snow leopards, rare mountain ungulates like Bukharan markhor, they are being observed from a distance, their behaviour is not being affected in any way, and the local communities are genuinely benefiting. ||||||||||||||||||||||ungulados|||markhor||||||||||||||||||||||genuinamente|beneficiando 所以那些少数游客... 他们的钱用途广泛，人们所看到的动物... 雪豹，像布哈拉马尔赫那样稀有的山地有蹄动物，它们被远远地观察，它们的行为没有受到任何影响，当地社区真正受益。

Beth: 贝丝：

Antonia uses the phrase at the other end of the scale as a way of contrasting irresponsible tourist companies with what's happening in Tajikistan. |||||||||||||||contrastando|||||||| 安东尼娅用另一个极端的措辞来对比不负责任的旅游公司和塔吉克斯坦正在发生的事情。

There, animals including snow leopards and mountain ungulates, are being protected by ecotourist projects run by non-governmental organisations, or NGOs - organizations trying to achieve environmental or social aims outside of government control. ||||||||||||ecoturista||||||||||||||||objetivos||||

These NGOs are grassroots organisations meaning that they are run from the bottom up, by ordinary people rather than leaders. |||de base||base|||||||||||||| 这些非政府组织是草根组织，这意味着它们是由普通民众而不是领导者自下而上管理的。

Neil:

Despite getting very few ecotourists a year, the money they spend in Tajikistan goes a long way, in other words, the money is an important factor in achieving their goals, which in Tajikistan at least, means protecting rare wild animals. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||selvagem|

OK, it's time to reveal the answer to my question.

Beth:

You asked me about ‘the big five', the name for Africa's iconic safari animals.

I guessed they were: the lion, leopard, giraffe, baboon and buffalo.

Neil:

You guessed right about the lion, leopard, and buffalo, but the others were the rhinoceros and the elephant.

OK, let's recap the vocabulary we've learned from this programme about ecotourism – travel to places of natural beauty where the tourists' motivation is to appreciate nature and support the local culture.

Beth:

The adjective sustainable describes actions designed to continue at a steady level so as not to damage the environment. ||||||||||constante||||||||

Neil:

A tiger selfie means having your photo taken with a captive wild tiger, not something to be advised! |||||||||||||||||recomendado

Beth:

The phrase at the other end of the scale is similar in meaning to the phrase, ‘by contrast'. 另一端的短语在含义上与“相比之下”相似。

Neil:

A grassroots NGO is a non-governmental organisation which tries to achieve its aims through the actions of local ordinary people rather than leaders. |de base||||||||||||||||||||em vez de||

Beth:

And finally, if something goes a long way towards a certain goal, it's an important factor in achieving that goal. 最后，如果某件事对某个目标有很大帮助，那么它就是实现该目标的重要因素。

Once again, our six minutes are up. Goodbye for now!

Neil:

Bye!