立即開始學習本課

The Awakening of Europe, 08. How the Trouble Began

08. How the Trouble Began

"Our noisy years seem moments in the being Of the Eternal Silence." —WORDSWORTH.

Philip was now left to gather up the reins of his mighty empire, keeping ever in view the desire of his father to crush the Protestants out of the land. Nowhere had they increased more rapidly than in the Netherlands. The first Dutch Bible had been printed some thirty years before this time, at Amsterdam, but the study of it had been forbidden by the emperor under pain of death.

"And if you will not obey me, you shall be burned," he added. Two monks were burned at once for disobeying the royal command—the first Protestant martyrs of the Netherlands, the leaders of a great host who were afterwards burnt at the stake for conscience' sake. Still the numbers of Luther's followers increased. A further step was taken.

Men called Inquisitors were sent by the emperor to question the people about their belief, with instructions to burn alive all those who took part with Luther against the Pope. But, as in the days of the early Christians in Rome, the martyrdom of the Protestants only tended to strengthen their faith. Hundreds and thousands had been burnt in the Netherlands under the Emperor Charles. It was not likely that Philip would be more tolerant. To begin with, he had no sympathy with the Netherlands. Born and educated in Spain, he was Spanish to the backbone, and his great idea was to make Spain the capital of his empire, so that he might rule from there. So four years after his accession, he made his sister Margaret Regent of the Netherlands, and sailed away from Flushing for sunny Spain, never to return.

"I shall not rest so long as there is one man left believing in the teaching of Martin Luther," he said as he left his sister to carry out his instructions. And the Inquisition went forward more rigidly than ever before.

But no sooner had Philip turned his back than the men of the Netherlands began to show their discontent. Spanish soldiers had been left behind to enforce the Inquisition; day by day men were dragged from their homes, tortured, and killed for reading the Bible in Dutch, or for listening to Protestant teaching. In their misery many of them went to England, where they were kindly treated, and where there never was any Inquisition.

Meanwhile Margaret saw the growing frenzy of the people, and grew alarmed. She was a rigid Roman Catholic herself, but she saw that her brother was pushing things too far in the Netherlands. She wrote despairing letters to him, describing the gloomy state of the country and her fears of a rebellion. She sent the Count Egmont in person to try and alarm him as to the serious state of affairs.

But nothing was done. At last the nobles of the land determined to intercede. Some 200 of them made their way to the abode of Margaret in Brussels with a petition. An immense crowd watched them with shouts and cheers, for were they not the deliverers of the land from the tyranny of the Spanish Inquisition? They passed through the great hall where ten years before Charles had abdicated his throne, and entered the council-chamber. The document was read to Margaret. It told her what she already knew but it affected her deeply, and at the end she remained quite silent with tears raining down her cheeks.

"Is it possible that your highness is afraid of these Beggars?" cried one standing by her. "Take my advice and you will drive them faster down the steps of the palace than they came up." Begun in a jest, the name of Beggars became the watchword of these men, the famous cry of liberty, which was to ring over land and sea, amid burning cities, on blood-stained decks, through the smoke and din of many a battlefield. They dressed themselves in the beggar's garb of coarse grey, they wore the beggar's wallet and common felt caps, while each wore a newly made badge with the words, "Faithful to the King, even to the beggar's sack." They shaved off their beards to resemble beggars yet more nearly. Hundreds of Netherlanders now became Beggars, until they became as "numerous as the sands on the sea-shore." "Long live the Beggars!" cried the people, until Margaret grew more and more alarmed at their gathering numbers and their defiant air. And still her brother Philip was blind to the coming danger.

"You have done wrong," he wrote to her. "We will not be less cruel to the Protestants. I will not give up the Inquisition."

08. How the Trouble Began Comment|le|problème|a commencé 08. Wie der Ärger begann 08. Cómo empezaron los problemas 08. How the Trouble Began 08. Come sono iniziati i problemi 08.トラブルの始まり 08. Kaip prasidėjo problemos 08. Jak zaczęły się kłopoty 08. Como os problemas começaram 08. Как начались неприятности 08. Hur problemen började 08. Sorun Nasıl Başladı 08. Як почалася біда 08.麻烦是如何开始的 08. 麻煩是如何開始的

"Our noisy years seem moments in the being Of the Eternal Silence." |嘈杂|岁月|||||||||沉默 "Unsere lärmenden Jahre scheinen Momente im Sein der ewigen Stille zu sein". "I nostri anni rumorosi sembrano momenti nell'essere dell'Eterno Silenzio". 「私たちの騒々しい年は、永遠の沈黙の存在の瞬間のようです。」 “我们喧闹的岁月似乎是永恒寂静中的片刻。” —WORDSWORTH. 华兹华斯 William Wordsworth ワーズワース华兹华斯 -WORDSWORTH.

Philip was now left to gather up the reins of his mighty empire, keeping ever in view the desire of his father to crush the Protestants out of the land. ||||||||otěže|||||||||||||||vyhladit|||||| ||||||收起||统治权杖|||||||||||||||镇压|||||| ||||||||control of|||powerful||||||||||||||Protestant population||||territory ||||||||缰绳||||||||||||||||||||| Philipp blieb es nun überlassen, die Zügel seines mächtigen Reiches in die Hand zu nehmen, wobei er stets den Wunsch seines Vaters im Auge behielt, die Protestanten aus dem Land zu vertreiben. フィリップは今や彼の強力な帝国の手綱を集めるために残され、プロテスタントを土地から押しつぶしたいという彼の父の願望を常に見守っていました。 Теперь Филиппу оставалось лишь собрать бразды правления своей могущественной империей, постоянно помня о желании отца вытеснить протестантов из страны. 菲利普现在被留给收拾他强大帝国的缰绳，始终铭记他父亲希望将新教徒驱逐出这片土地的愿望。 Nowhere had they increased more rapidly than in the Netherlands. Nikde||||||||| |||增加了|||||| Nirgendwo hatten sie so stark zugenommen wie in den Niederlanden. オランダほど急速に増加した場所はありませんでした。在任何地方，他们的增长都没有在荷兰更为迅猛。 The first Dutch Bible had been printed some thirty years before this time, at Amsterdam, but the study of it had been forbidden by the emperor under pain of death. |||||||一些|||||||||||||||||||在之下|惩罚|| Die erste holländische Bibel war etwa dreißig Jahre zuvor in Amsterdam gedruckt worden, aber das Studium der Bibel war vom Kaiser bei Todesstrafe verboten worden. 第一本荷兰语圣经大约三十年前在阿姆斯特丹印刷，但皇帝禁止研究它，否则将处以死刑。第一本荷兰语圣经在大约三十年前的阿姆斯特丹印刷，但皇帝禁止人们研究它，违者死刑。

"And if you will not obey me, you shall be burned," he added. ||||||||||烧死||补充道 "Und wenn ihr mir nicht gehorcht, werdet ihr verbrannt", fügte er hinzu. Two monks were burned at once for disobeying the royal command—the first Protestant martyrs of the Netherlands, the leaders of a great host who were afterwards burnt at the stake for conscience' sake. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||svědomí| |||||||||皇家|||||殉道者|||||领导者||||大军||||被烧|||||良心的缘故| |||||||defying|||||||martyrs of the Reformation||||||||||||||||||| Zwei Mönche wurden sofort verbrannt, weil sie sich dem königlichen Befehl widersetzt hatten - die ersten protestantischen Märtyrer der Niederlande, die Anführer einer großen Schar, die später aus Gewissensgründen auf dem Scheiterhaufen verbrannt wurden. Due monaci furono bruciati subito per aver disobbedito all'ordine reale: i primi martiri protestanti dei Paesi Bassi, i capi di una grande schiera che in seguito fu messa al rogo per motivi di coscienza. 2人の僧侶が、王の命令に従わなかったために一度に火刑に処されました。オランダの最初のプロテスタント殉教者であり、その後良心のために火刑に処された偉大なホストの指導者です。 Dois monges foram queimados de uma só vez por desobedecer ao comando real - os primeiros mártires protestantes da Holanda, os líderes de um grande exército que depois foram queimados na fogueira por causa da consciência. Два монаха были сожжены сразу же за неповиновение королевскому приказу - первые протестантские мученики Нидерландов, лидеры огромного числа тех, кто впоследствии был сожжен на костре за угрызения совести. 由于不服从王命，两名僧侣被同时火烧——这是荷兰第一批新教烈士，后来因良心问题而被烧死的一大群领袖。 Still the numbers of Luther’s followers increased. ||||Luther|| それでもルターの信者の数は増えました。然而，路德的追随者人数仍在增加。 A further step was taken. |进一步||被|采取 È stato fatto un ulteriore passo avanti. さらなる一歩が踏み出されました。又进一步采取了措施。

Men called Inquisitors were sent by the emperor to question the people about their belief, with instructions to burn alive all those who took part with Luther against the Pope. ||宗教裁判官||||||||||||||指示||火刑|||||参与|||||| ||Inquisitors|||||||||||||||||||||||||||Pope Leo X ||宗教裁判官||||||||||||||||||||||||||| But, as in the days of the early Christians in Rome, the martyrdom of the Protestants only tended to strengthen their faith. ||||||||||||mučednictví|||||tendovalo|||| ||||||||||||殉道|||||倾向于||加强||信仰 ||||||||||||suffering for faith|||Protestant martyrs|||||| ||||||||||||殉道||||||||| 但是，就像早期基督徒在罗马的日子一样， Protestant的殉道只会加强他们的信仰。 Hundreds and thousands had been burnt in the Netherlands under the Emperor Charles. 在查理大帝统治下，数以百计和千计的人在荷兰被烧死。 It was not likely that Philip would be more tolerant. Non era probabile che Filippo fosse più tollerante. フィリップがもっと寛容になるとは思われませんでした。菲利普不太可能会更加宽容。 To begin with, he had no sympathy with the Netherlands. 为了||||||||| Born and educated in Spain, he was Spanish to the backbone, and his great idea was to make Spain the capital of his empire, so that he might rule from there. ||||||||||do morku kostí|||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||脊梁|||||||||||||||||||| So four years after his accession, he made his sister Margaret Regent of the Netherlands, and sailed away from Flushing for sunny Spain, never to return. |||||nástupu||||||||||||||Flushing|||||| |||||登基|||||玛格丽特|摄政||||||||弗拉辛宁|||||| |||||ascension to power||||||governor of||||||||Flushing Netherlands|||||| |||||||||||||||||||弗拉辛|||||| それで、彼の加入から4年後、彼は妹のオランダのマーガレット・リージェントを作り、晴れたスペインのためにフラッシングから出航し、二度と戻ってこなかった。因此，在他登基四年後，他讓他的妹妹瑪格麗特成為荷蘭的攝政，然後從弗拉辛出發前往陽光普照的西班牙，永不回頭。

"I shall not rest so long as there is one man left believing in the teaching of Martin Luther," he said as he left his sister to carry out his instructions. ||||因此|||||||||||||||||||||||||| 「マルティン・ルターの教えを信じる人が一人残っている限り、私は休むつもりはない」と彼は妹を残して指示を実行した。 "只要还有一个人相信马丁·路德的教义，我就不会休息，"他说着，留下他的妹妹去执行他的指令。他在離開妹妹以執行他的指示時說：「只要還有一個人相信馬丁·路德的教義，我就不會休息。」 And the Inquisition went forward more rigidly than ever before. ||宗教裁判所||||||| ||Inquisition tribunal||||strictly||| ||||||更加严格地||| そして、異端審問はかつてないほど厳格に進められました。宗教裁判所的执行变得比以往更加严格。而宗教裁判所比以往任何時候都更加嚴厲地推進。

But no sooner had Philip turned his back than the men of the Netherlands began to show their discontent. ||||||||||||||||||nespokojenost |没有|||||||比||||||||||不满 ||||||||||||||||||dissatisfaction しかし、フィリップが背を向けるとすぐに、オランダの人々は彼らの不満を示し始めました。但菲利普一转身，荷兰的人们便开始表现出他们的不满。 Spanish soldiers had been left behind to enforce the Inquisition; day by day men were dragged from their homes, tortured, and killed for reading the Bible in Dutch, or for listening to Protestant teaching. |||||||执行||宗教裁判所|一天||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||carry out||Catholic Church tribunal||||||pulled out|||||||||||||||||| 西班牙士兵被留在这里执行宗教裁判所的任务；一天又一天，人们被拖出家门，因阅读荷兰语圣经或听取新教教义而遭受折磨和杀害。 In their misery many of them went to England, where they were kindly treated, and where there never was any Inquisition. ||痛苦||||||||||||||||||宗教裁判所 ||||||||||||||||||||Inquisition tribunal 在他们的苦难中，许多人前往英格兰，在那里他们受到善待，并且那里从未有过宗教裁判所。

Meanwhile Margaret saw the growing frenzy of the people, and grew alarmed. mezitím|||||šílenství||||||znepokojená |||||狂热|||||| |||||excitement||||||worried |||||||||||感到不安与此同时，玛格丽特看到人们愈发疯狂，感到十分恐慌。 She was a rigid Roman Catholic herself, but she saw that her brother was pushing things too far in the Netherlands. |||严格的||||||||||||||||| 彼女自身は堅固なローマカトリック教徒でしたが、彼女の兄弟がオランダで物事を押しやりすぎているのを見ました。她自己是一个固执的罗马天主教徒，但她看到她的兄弟在荷兰推得太远了。 She wrote despairing letters to him, describing the gloomy state of the country and her fears of a rebellion. ||zoufalé||||||temný|||||||||| ||绝望的||||||阴暗|||||||||| ||in despair||||||||||||||||uprising ||绝望的|||||||||||||||| 她给他写了绝望的信，描述了国家的阴暗状态和她对叛乱的恐惧。 She sent the Count Egmont in person to try and alarm him as to the serious state of affairs. ||||埃格蒙特||||||警告|||||||| 她亲自派遣埃格蒙特伯爵去试图警告他事务的严重性。

But nothing was done. |||完成しかし、何も行われませんでした。 At last the nobles of the land determined to intercede. |||nobles||||||zasáhnout |||||||||干预 |||||||entschlossen|| |||nobility|||territory|||intervene on behalf |||||||||干预 Some 200 of them made their way to the abode of Margaret in Brussels with a petition. ||||||||obydlí||||||| ||||||||住所|||||||请愿书 ||||||||home|||||||formal request ||||||||住所||||||| An immense crowd watched them with shouts and cheers, for were they not the deliverers of the land from the tyranny of the Spanish Inquisition? ||||||欢呼||欢呼|为了|||||解放者||||||暴政|||| ||||||loud voices||||||||saviors||||||oppression||||Inquisition tribunal ||||||||||||||解放者|||||||||| 彼らはスペイン異端審問の専制政治からの土地の配達人ではなかったので、大勢の群衆が叫び声と歓声で彼らを見ました。一大群群众以欢呼和喝彩的声音观看着他们，因为他们不就是从西班牙宗教法庭的暴政中解放了这个土地的英雄吗？ They passed through the great hall where ten years before Charles had abdicated his throne, and entered the council-chamber. ||||||||||||退位||||||| |walked|||||||||||renounced||||||| 彼らはチャールズが王位を放棄する10年前に大広間を通り抜け、評議会の部屋に入った。他们经过十年前查理退位的大厅，进入了会议室。 The document was read to Margaret. ||被||| 文件被念给玛格丽特听。 It told her what she already knew but it affected her deeply, and at the end she remained quite silent with tears raining down her cheeks. |||||||||影响了|||||||||||||||| Le disse ciò che già sapeva, ma la colpì profondamente e alla fine rimase in silenzio con le lacrime che le scendevano sulle guance. 它告诉她她已经知道的事情，但这深深地影响了她，最后她保持沉默，泪水顺着脸颊流下。

"Is it possible that your highness is afraid of these Beggars?" |||||výsost|||||žebráky |||||殿下|||||乞丐 ||||||||||beggars in rags |||||殿下||||| 「あなたの殿下がこれらの乞食を恐れている可能性はありますか？」 “难道你殿下害怕这些乞丐吗？” cried one standing by her. 哭了|||| 站在她身边的一个人喊道。 "Take my advice and you will drive them faster down the steps of the palace than they came up." |||||||||||台阶||||||| 「私のアドバイスを聞いてください。そうすれば、彼らがやってきたよりも早く宮殿の階段を下ります。」 “听我的劝告，你会比他们上宫殿的速度更快地把他们驱赶下去。” Begun in a jest, the name of Beggars became the watchword of these men, the famous cry of liberty, which was to ring over land and sea, amid burning cities, on blood-stained decks, through the smoke and din of many a battlefield. |||vtipu|||||||heslo|||||||||||||||||||||||palubách|||||din|||| |||玩笑|||||||口号||||这||||||||||||||||||沾满血迹的|甲板|||烟雾||喧嚣||||战场 ||||||||||slogan||||||||||||||||||||||||||||noise and chaos||||combat zone |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||甲板|||||响声|||| 冗談で始まった乞食の名前は、これらの男性の合言葉になりました。自由の有名な叫びは、燃える都市の中で、血に染まったデッキで、多くの戦場の煙と喧騒を通して、陸と海を鳴らしました。。这场运动始于玩笑，乞讨者的名字成为了这些人的口号，这个著名的自由呼喊将响彻陆海，在燃烧的城市中，在沾满鲜血的甲板上，在许多战场的烟雾和喧哗中回荡。 They dressed themselves in the beggar’s garb of coarse grey, they wore the beggar’s wallet and common felt caps, while each wore a newly made badge with the words, "Faithful to the King, even to the beggar’s sack." 他们|||||乞丐的|衣服|||||穿|||钱包||普通|毛毡|帽子|||||||徽章||||||||||||麻袋 |||||belonging to the beggar|clothing||rough|||||belonging to the beggar||||||||||||||||||||||||belongings |||||||||||||乞丐的|||||||||||||||||||||||| 彼らは粗い灰色の乞食の服を着て、乞食の財布と一般的なフェルトの帽子を身に着け、それぞれが「王に忠実で、乞食の袋にさえ」という言葉が書かれた新しく作られたバッジを身に着けていました。 Они оделись в нищенскую одежду серого цвета, носили нищенские кошельки и обычные войлочные шапки, а на каждом был только что изготовленный значок со словами: "Верен королю даже до нищенского мешка". 他们穿上了粗糙灰色的乞丐服，戴上了乞丐的钱袋和普通的毡帽，每个人都佩戴着一枚新制作的徽章，上面写着：“忠于国王，甚至对乞丐的麻袋。” They shaved off their beards to resemble beggars yet more nearly. |剃掉了|||||像|||| |剃||||||||| Hundreds of Netherlanders now became Beggars, until they became as "numerous as the sands on the sea-shore." |||||||||||||沙子|||| "Long live the Beggars!" 长||| 「乞食は長生き！」 cried the people, until Margaret grew more and more alarmed at their gathering numbers and their defiant air. ||||||||||||||||挑衅的| |||||||||worried|||||||rebellious| マーガレットが彼らの集まる数と彼らの反抗的な空気にますます警戒するまで、人々は叫びました。 кричали люди, и Маргарет все больше и больше тревожилась, видя, что их становится все больше и больше, а они ведут себя вызывающе. And still her brother Philip was blind to the coming danger. ||||||盲目|||| 然而，她的兄弟菲利普仍对即将到来的危险视而不见。

"You have done wrong," he wrote to her. 「あなたは間違ったことをした」と彼は彼女に書いた。 "你做错了，"他写信告诉她。 "We will not be less cruel to the Protestants. ||||||||Protestant group 「私たちはプロテスタントに対してそれほど残酷ではありません。 "我们不会对新教徒少一丝残忍。" I will not give up the Inquisition." ||||||Inquisition (1) 私は異端審問をあきらめません。」