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Kurzgesagt (In a Nutshell), 3 Arguments Why Marijuana Should Stay Illegal Reviewed

3 Arguments Why Marijuana Should Stay Illegal Reviewed

All around the world marijuana is being decriminalized or even made legal

But is this really a good idea. In the online debate the harmful sites are often downplayed?

So let's look at the three most powerful arguments against legalizing marijuana

Argument number one: In the last few decades

Marijuana has been engineered to become much more potent

Today marijuana is so potent that it's actually a strong drug that may cause Psychosis.

The main active ingredient of marijuana is THC and there's strong evidence that THC is related to psychosis

regardless of other risk factors

Marijuana also contains a substance called CBD that seems to counteract this effect

It's even being tested as a treatment against psychosis and anxiety

but because it doesn't make you high growers have gradually decreased the amount of CBD in marijuana over the last few decades while increasing

THC levels

Sample testing showed that THC levels have risen from around 4% in the 1990s to nearly 12% in 2014

Shifting the ratio of THC to CBD from 1 to 14 in 1995 to about 1 to 80 in

2014 it's unclear how precise those tests were. However

Overall recent findings suggest that the more marijuana you consume and the stronger it is the higher your risk of developing psychosis

But how high is the risk of psychosis for the general population?

a study from britain found that while marijuana use has risen significantly between

1996 and 2005

the number of schizophrenia cases a type of psychosis remained stable

the risk of marijuana induced psychosis remains the highest for people who already have a high risk of psychosis to begin with

Them, it seems more likely that marijuana speeds up the development of their condition rather than causing it as far as we know right now

So the reasoning goes if fewer people have access to marijuana the lower the risk of marijuana and juice psychosis

But actually you could argue that precisely because marijuana is illegal

More people will end up with psychosis

prohibition makes

Illegal drug stronger and more potent because this way you can ship more product in a smaller space and sell it at a greater profit

this is what happened during the prohibition of alcohol in the US where hard liquor became the norm

and the same is happening with marijuana now

Imagine a world where liquor is the only alcohol available

You have the choice of either not drinking at all or getting much drunker than you would like to

This is the situation for many marijuana smokers today

People didn't stop drinking during Prohibition and the numbers show that laws don't deter people from using marijuana

we can't make marijuana go away, but we can make it safer

If marijuana were legal. There would be more options for consumers and regulators could for example insist on a high level of CBD

Just like most people don't drink an after-work bottle of vodka many people would gladly consume the after-work beer version of marijuana

Argument - marijuana is a gateway drug if it's legalized there will be a spike in the use of much more dangerous drugs a

2015 study found that about

45% of lifelong marijuana users took some other illegal drug at some point

Legalizing marijuana could reinforce this trend as more young people. Try legal marijuana. They might end up trying harder drugs

But it turns out that the real gateway to drug use comes much earlier cigarettes

One study showed that teens who started smoking before the age of 15 were 80%

more likely to use illegal drugs than those who didn't and a

2007 study found that teenagers between 12 and 17 who smoked were three times more likely to binge drink

Seven times more likely to have used drugs like heroin or cocaine and were also seven times more likely to resort to marijuana

But if that's the case, how could making more drugs legal stop the use of hard drugs?

At first it's important to acknowledge that people don't use drugs because they're legal or not

If you want to buy any drug, you'll always find someone happy to sell

The real question is why do people develop an unhealthy relationship with drugs at all?

Studies show that certain conditions make people especially vulnerable to drugs and addiction a difficult childhood early trauma

low social status

depression even genetic factors

Which drug they get addicted to is more often than not a matter of chance

Addicts take drugs to escape their problems, but drugs don't solve any of those problems and instead become a new problem

But punishing people for their unhealthy coping mechanisms doesn't change anything about the underlying causes either

So some argue we need to take a completely different route in

2001 Portugal had one of the worst drug problems in Europe. So it was desperate enough to try something radical

Possession and use of all the legal drugs was decriminalized

He would no longer be arrested instead authorities launched a major health campaign

People who were found with a small amount were referred to support services and got help with treatment and harm reduction

Drug use was seen as a chronic disease not a crime

the results were stunning the number of people who tried drugs and kept using them fell from

44% to 28% by 2012

The use of hard drugs decreased as well as HIV and hepatitis infections and overdoses

Making drugs legal might overall help society much more than it harms it

Argument number three

Marijuana is addictive and unhealthy. It needs to remain illegal to keep harm at a minimum

While marijuana addiction is more psychological than physical it is still a real problem

the demand for treatment for marijuana addiction has more than doubled in the past decade alone in

Total about 10 percent of people who try marijuana will become addicted

This is also related to higher THC levels a

Study released in 2017 tracked the potency of marijuana and Dutch coffee shops over a period of 16 years

For every 1% increase in THC

60 more people enter treatment nationwide in terms of negative health effects

Some studies linked marijuana used to increase blood pressure and lung problems while a 2016 study found that marijuana use was

Unrelated to physical health problems except for a higher risk of gum disease

Some studies showed that marijuana use alters teenagers brains and

Decreases their intelligence, but when more recent studies took drinking and smoking into account the results were inconclusive

Overall research shows that taking any drugs while the brain is still in development is bad for you

But the truth is we don't know yet how unhealthy marijuana is we need more funding for research?

Which is hard to get while marijuana remains illegal

We can put what we know into perspective though

16% of people who consume alcohol become alcoholics and 32% of people who try cigarettes become smokers

We know for sure alcohol affects your brain destroys your liver and causes cancer while tobacco clogs your arteries

Destroys your lungs and also causes cancer

3.3 million people die from alcohol abuse each year while smoking kills more than 6 million people

Nobody is suggesting tobacco and alcohol are harmless just because they're legal also

Nobody is seriously proposing to prohibit them even though they are extremely dangerous

Legality is a way to exercise some control over them, especially when it comes to protecting young people

It's often much harder to buy legal drugs for teenagers than to buy illegal ones

Official sellers can get hefty fines and lose their license if they sell to underage kids

Legality creates incentives here that drug dealers can't exploit

So making marijuana legal doesn't mean endorsing it it means taking responsibility for the risks it poses

It could also open the floodgates to tons of new research that shows us how harmful it really is. And to whom

Conclusion

Marijuana is a drug and just like any other drug

It has negative consequences for a sizable portion of the people who use it. It is not harmless

The best way to protect society from its negative consequences seems to be legalization and regulation

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3 Arguments Why Marijuana Should Stay Illegal Reviewed ||大麻|||非法|审查过的 ||Marihuana illegal bleiben|||Illegal bleiben| ||マリファナ|||| 3 Argumente, warum Marihuana illegal bleiben sollte Überprüft Revisión de 3 argumentos por los que la marihuana debe seguir siendo ilegal 3 arguments pour que la marijuana reste illégale Reviewed 大麻が違法なままであるべき3つの論拠レビュー 3 argumentai, kodėl marihuana turėtų likti nelegali Peržiūrėta 3 argumenty, dla których marihuana powinna pozostać nielegalna 3 argumentos por que a maconha deve permanecer ilegal revisada 3 аргумента, почему марихуана должна оставаться вне закона Рассмотрено Marihuananın Yasadışı Kalması İçin 3 Argüman İncelendi 3 аргументи, чому марихуана повинна залишатися поза законом Переглянуто 回顾大麻为何应保持非法的 3 个论点 回顧大麻為何應保持非法的 3 個論點

All around the world marijuana is being decriminalized or even made legal |||||||非刑事化|||| |||||||entkriminalisiert||sogar|| |||||||||||合法の |||||||phi hình sự hóa|||| 世界中でマリファナが非犯罪化され、さらには合法化される動きがあります Em todo o mundo, a maconha está sendo descriminalizada ou até legalizada 在世界各地,大麻正在合法化或甚至合法化

But is this really a good idea. In the online debate the harmful sites are often downplayed? ||||||||||||||||được xem nhẹ |||||||||||||schädliche Seiten|||heruntergespielt Mais est-ce vraiment une bonne idée ? Dans le débat en ligne, les sites nuisibles sont souvent minimisés ? しかし、これは本当に良いアイデアなのでしょうか?オンラインディベートでは、害のある側面がしばしば軽視されることがありますか? Mas isso é realmente uma boa ideia. No debate online, os sites nocivos são frequentemente subestimados? Но действительно ли это хорошая идея. В сетевых дискуссиях вредные сайты часто преуменьшаются? 但这真的是一个好主意吗?在网上的辩论中,有害的方面经常被淡化?

So let's look at the three most powerful arguments against legalizing marijuana ||||||||||hợp pháp hóa| ||||||||||Legalisierung von| ||||||||||合法化すること| |||||||||||大麻合法化 それでは、マリファナの合法化に反対する最も強力な三つの議論を見てみましょう 所以让我们来看看三个最有力的反对大麻合法化的论点

Argument number one: In the last few decades Argument Nummer eins||||||| Аргумент номер один: в последние несколько десятилетий

Marijuana has been engineered to become much more potent |||改造||||| ||||||||stärker wirksam ||||||||強力な La marijuana a été modifiée pour devenir beaucoup plus puissante. A maconha foi projetada para se tornar muito mais potente Марихуана была разработана, чтобы стать более сильнодействующей

Today marijuana is so potent that it's actually a strong drug that may cause Psychosis. |大麻|||||||||||||精神病 ||||||||||||||Psychose ||||強力な|||||||||| 今日、マリファナは非常に強力であるため、実際には精神病を引き起こす可能性のある強力な薬です。 Hoje a maconha é tão potente que na verdade é uma droga forte que pode causar psicose.

The main active ingredient of marijuana is THC and there's strong evidence that THC is related to psychosis |||||||||||||||||精神病 |||Wirkstoff||||THC||||||||im Zusammenhang mit|| |||||||THC|||||||||| Der Hauptwirkstoff von Marihuana ist THC und es gibt starke Hinweise darauf, dass THC in Verbindung mit Psychosen steht Le principal ingrédient actif de la marijuana est le THC et il existe des preuves solides que le THC est lié à la psychose. Основным действующим веществом марихуаны является ТГК, и существуют убедительные доказательства того, что ТГК связан с психозами

regardless of other risk factors unabhängig von anderen Risikofaktoren 他の危険因子に関係なく independentemente de outros fatores de risco

Marijuana also contains a substance called CBD that seems to counteract this effect ||||||CBD||||entgegenwirken|| ||||||CBD||||対抗する|| Marihuana enthält auch eine Substanz namens CBD, die anscheinend diesem Effekt entgegenwirkt La marijuana contient également une substance appelée CBD qui semble contrecarrer cet effet A maconha também contém uma substância chamada CBD que parece neutralizar esse efeito Марихуана также содержит вещество под названием CBD, которое, кажется, противодействует этому эффекту.

It's even being tested as a treatment against psychosis and anxiety Es wird sogar als Mittel gegen Psychosen und Angstzustände getestet. 甚至已被用作治疗精神病和焦虑的方法进行测试。

but because it doesn't make you high growers have gradually decreased the amount of CBD in marijuana over the last few decades while increasing |||||||Anbauer|||verringert||||||||||||| pero como no te coloca los cultivadores han disminuido gradualmente la cantidad de CBD en la marihuana durante las últimas décadas mientras que han aumentado mais parce qu'il ne fait pas planer Les cultivateurs ont progressivement diminué la quantité de CBD dans la marijuana au cours des dernières décennies, tout en augmentant la quantité de CBD dans les aliments. mas porque isso não faz de você um grande produtor, diminuiu gradualmente a quantidade de CBD na maconha nas últimas décadas, enquanto aumentava но потому, что от него не бывает кайфа, за последние несколько десятилетий производители постепенно уменьшали количество CBD в марихуане, одновременно увеличивая его 但是由于它不会让你感到高兴,种植者在过去几十年逐渐减少了大麻中的CBD含量,同时增加了THC水平

THC levels THC水平

Sample testing showed that THC levels have risen from around 4% in the 1990s to nearly 12% in 2014 ||||||gestiegen sind|gestiegen sind|||||||| Testes de amostra mostraram que os níveis de THC aumentaram de cerca de 4% na década de 1990 para quase 12% em 2014 样本测试显示,THC水平从1990年代的约4%上升到2014年的近12%

Shifting the ratio of THC to CBD from 1 to 14 in 1995 to about 1 to 80 in 转变||||||||||||| Verschiebung||Verhältnis||||||||||| ||比率||||||||||| Mudando a proporção de THC para CBD de 1 a 14 em 1995 para cerca de 1 a 80 em 1995年将THC与CBD的比例从1:14转变为大约1:80

2014 it's unclear how precise those tests were. However |||präzise|||| 2014年、これらのテストがどれほど正確であったかは不明です。でも 2014, não está claro o quão precisos esses testes foram. No entanto

Overall recent findings suggest that the more marijuana you consume and the stronger it is the higher your risk of developing psychosis Insgesamt legen aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse nahe, dass je mehr Marihuana Sie konsumieren und je stärker es ist, desto höher ist Ihr Risiko, Psychosen zu entwickeln En general, los últimos descubrimientos sugieren que cuanta más marihuana se consume y más fuerte es, mayor es el riesgo de desarrollar psicosis. Descobertas recentes gerais sugerem que quanto mais maconha você consome e quanto mais forte, maior o risco de desenvolver psicose

But how high is the risk of psychosis for the general population? |||||||精神病|||| Aber wie hoch ist das Risiko für Psychosen für die Allgemeinbevölkerung?

a study from britain found that while marijuana use has risen significantly between ||||||||||gestiegen|| eine Studie aus Großbritannien ergab, dass während der Marihuana-Konsum signifikant gestiegen ist zwischen

1996 and 2005

the number of schizophrenia cases a type of psychosis remained stable |||精神分裂症||||||| |||Schizophreniefälle||||||| |||統合失調症||||||| |||tâm thần phân liệt||||||| die Zahl der Fälle von Schizophrenie, einer Art von Psychose, blieb stabil el número de casos de esquizofrenia un tipo de psicosis se mantuvo estable 精神分裂症病例数量保持稳定,这是一种类型的精神病

the risk of marijuana induced psychosis remains the highest for people who already have a high risk of psychosis to begin with |||大麻|诱发的||||||||||||||||| ||||verursachte||||||||||||||||| Das Risiko einer durch Marihuana ausgelösten Psychose ist nach wie vor am höchsten bei Personen, die bereits von vornherein ein hohes Psychoserisiko aufweisen. el riesgo de psicosis inducida por la marihuana sigue siendo el más alto para las personas que ya tienen un alto riesgo de psicosis para empezar マリファナ誘発性精神病のリスクは、そもそも精神病のリスクがすでに高い人々にとって依然として最も高いままです。 大麻诱发的精神病风险对那些本来就具有精神病高风险的人来说仍然最高

Them, it seems more likely that marijuana speeds up the development of their condition rather than causing it as far as we know right now ihnen|||||||||||||Erkrankung||||||||||| Bei ihnen scheint es wahrscheinlicher zu sein, dass Marihuana die Entwicklung ihrer Krankheit beschleunigt, als dass es sie verursacht, soweit wir das jetzt wissen Ellos, parece más probable que la marihuana acelera el desarrollo de su condición en lugar de causarlo por lo que sabemos ahora mismo Them, il semble plus probable que la marijuana accélère le développement de leur maladie plutôt que de la provoquer, dans l'état actuel de nos connaissances. 彼らは、マリファナが私たちが今知っている限りそれを引き起こすのではなく、彼らの状態の発達をスピードアップする可能性が高いようです Eles, parece mais provável que a maconha acelere o desenvolvimento de sua condição em vez de causá-la, tanto quanto sabemos agora 看起来更有可能是大麻加速了他们病情的发展,而不是在我们目前所知的范围内引起病症

So the reasoning goes if fewer people have access to marijuana the lower the risk of marijuana and juice psychosis ||||||||||||||||||šťáva| |||||||||||||||||和|| ||||||||||||||||||Saftkonsum| Je weniger Menschen Zugang zu Marihuana haben, so die Überlegung, desto geringer ist das Risiko einer Marihuana- und Saftpsychose. Así que el razonamiento es que si menos personas tienen acceso a la marihuana, menor será el riesgo de psicosis por marihuana y zumo. Le raisonnement est donc le suivant : si moins de personnes ont accès à la marijuana, le risque de psychose liée à la marijuana et au jus de fruit sera plus faible そういう理屈で言えば、マリファナにアクセスできる人が少ないほど、マリファナとジュースの精神病のリスクは低くなる。 Portanto, o raciocínio é que, se menos pessoas tiverem acesso à maconha, menor será o risco de psicose por maconha e suco. 因此,如果接触到大麻的人越少,患上大麻和果汁精神病的风险就越低

But actually you could argue that precisely because marijuana is illegal Aber eigentlich könnte man argumentieren, dass gerade weil Marihuana illegal ist Mais en fait, on pourrait dire que c'est précisément parce que la marijuana est illégale しかし実際には、マリファナが違法であるために、 Mas na verdade você poderia argumentar que precisamente porque a maconha é ilegal 但实际上你可以争辩说,正是因为大麻是非法的

More people will end up with psychosis もっと多くの人が精神病になるのではないかと主張することもできる。 更多人将患上精神病

prohibition makes 禁止制造| Verbot macht| 禁止措置| sự cấm đoán| prohibición hace

Illegal drug stronger and more potent because this way you can ship more product in a smaller space and sell it at a greater profit |||||||||||||Produkt||||||||||| Illegale Drogen werden stärker und potenter, weil man auf diese Weise mehr Produkte auf kleinerem Raum transportieren und mit größerem Gewinn verkaufen kann. Droga ilegal más fuerte y potente porque así se puede enviar más producto en menos espacio y venderlo con mayor beneficio Les drogues illégales sont plus fortes et plus puissantes, car elles permettent d'expédier plus de produits dans un espace plus restreint et de les vendre avec un plus grand profit. このようにして、より小さなスペースでより多くの製品を出荷し、より大きな利益で販売できるため、違法薬物はより強力でより強力になります Droga ilegal mais forte e mais potente porque assim você pode enviar mais produto em um espaço menor e vendê-lo com maior lucro

this is what happened during the prohibition of alcohol in the US where hard liquor became the norm ||||||||||||||rượu||| ||||||||||||||Hochprozentiger Alkohol|||die Norm |||||||||||||||||標準 foi o que aconteceu durante a proibição do álcool nos EUA, onde o licor forte se tornou a norma

and the same is happening with marijuana now

Imagine a world where liquor is the only alcohol available ||||烈酒||||| Imagina un mundo donde el licor es el único alcohol disponible 酒が利用できる唯一のアルコールである世界を想像してみてください 想象一个世界,那里唯一可喝的酒是烈酒

You have the choice of either not drinking at all or getting much drunker than you would like to |||||||||||||say rượu||||| |||||||||||||betrunkener||||| |||||||||||||酔っ払う||||| Entweder trinken Sie überhaupt nicht oder Sie werden viel betrunkener, als Sie möchten Puedes elegir entre no beber o emborracharte mucho más de lo que te gustaría. Vous avez le choix entre ne pas boire du tout ou boire beaucoup plus que vous ne le souhaiteriez. 你可以选择不喝酒,也可以选择喝得比你想喝的还要醉

This is the situation for many marijuana smokers today |||||||Marihuana-Raucher| |||||||喫煙者| Das ist die Situation für viele Marihuanakonsumenten heute 这就是当今许多吸食大麻者的处境

People didn't stop drinking during Prohibition and the numbers show that laws don't deter people from using marijuana |||||||||||||odrazuje|||| |||||||||||||阻止|||| |||||||||||||abhalten von|||| Die Menschen hörten während der Prohibition nicht auf zu trinken, und die Zahlen zeigen, dass Gesetze die Menschen nicht vom Marihuanagebrauch abhalten La gente no dejó de beber durante la Ley Seca y las cifras demuestran que las leyes no disuaden a la gente de consumir marihuana. Les gens n'ont pas arrêté de boire pendant la prohibition et les chiffres montrent que les lois ne dissuadent pas les gens de consommer de la marijuana. 人々は禁止期間中に飲酒をやめませんでした、そして数字は法律が人々がマリファナを使うことを思いとどまらせないことを示しています 禁酒令期间人们并没有停止饮酒,数字表明法律并没有阻止人们吸食大麻

we can't make marijuana go away, but we can make it safer |||||||||||sicherer machen no podemos hacer desaparecer la marihuana, pero podemos hacerla más segura nous ne pouvons pas faire disparaître la marijuana, mais nous pouvons la rendre plus sûre não podemos acabar com a maconha, mas podemos torná-la mais segura 我们无法让大麻消失,但我们可以让它更安全

If marijuana were legal. There would be more options for consumers and regulators could for example insist on a high level of CBD ||||||||||||监管机构|||||||||| ||||||||||||Regulierungsbehörden||||darauf bestehen|||||| ||||||||||消費者|||||||||||| ||||||||||||các cơ quan quản lý|||||||||| Si la marijuana était légale. Les consommateurs disposeraient d'un plus grand nombre d'options et les régulateurs pourraient, par exemple, exiger un taux élevé de CBD. マリファナが合法だった場合。消費者にはもっと多くの選択肢があり、規制当局は例えば高レベルのCBDを主張することができます Se a maconha fosse legal. Haveria mais opções para os consumidores e os reguladores poderiam, por exemplo, insistir em um alto nível de CBD Если бы марихуана была легальной. У потребителей было бы больше возможностей для выбора, а регулирующие органы могли бы, например, настаивать на высоком уровне содержания CBD 如果大麻合法化。消费者将有更多选择,监管机构可以坚持高水平的 CBD

Just like most people don't drink an after-work bottle of vodka many people would gladly consume the after-work beer version of marijuana |||||||||||伏特加||||乐意地|||||||| |||||||||Flasche||Wodka-Flasche||||gerne|||||Bier||| |||||||||||ウォッカ|||||||||||| Al igual que la mayoría de la gente no se bebe una botella de vodka después del trabajo, mucha gente consumiría con gusto la versión de la marihuana con cerveza después del trabajo. Tout comme la plupart des gens ne boivent pas une bouteille de vodka après le travail, de nombreuses personnes consommeraient volontiers la version bière de la marijuana après le travail. ほとんどの人が仕事後のウォッカのボトルを飲まないのと同じように、多くの人は仕事後のビールバージョンのマリファナを喜んで消費します Assim como a maioria das pessoas não bebe uma garrafa de vodka depois do trabalho, muitas pessoas consumiriam com prazer a versão de maconha depois do trabalho. 就像大多数人下班后不会喝一瓶伏特加一样,许多人很乐意在下班后喝啤酒版的大麻

Argument - marijuana is a gateway drug if it's legalized there will be a spike in the use of much more dangerous drugs a ||||入门药物|||||||||激增||||||||| ||||Einstiegsdroge||||legalisiert|||||||||||||| ||||入り口||||合法化された|||||急増||||||||| ||||||||hợp pháp hóa|||||||||||||| Argument - Marihuana ist eine Einstiegsdroge, wenn es legalisiert wird, wird es zu einem Anstieg des Konsums von viel gefährlicheren Drogen kommen. Argumento - la marihuana es una droga de entrada si se legaliza habrá un pico en el consumo de drogas mucho más peligrosas a Argument - la marijuana est une drogue d'introduction si elle est légalisée, il y aura un pic de consommation de drogues beaucoup plus dangereuses a 議論-マリファナは合法化されればゲートウェイドラッグであり、はるかに危険なドラッグの使用が急増するでしょう。 Argumento - a maconha é uma droga de entrada se for legalizada haverá um aumento no uso de drogas muito mais perigosas Аргумент - марихуана является "проходным" наркотиком, если ее легализовать, то произойдет всплеск потребления гораздо более опасных наркотиков. 论点——大麻是一种入门毒品,如果合法化,使用更危险的毒品将会激增

2015 study found that about 2015 年的研究发现

45% of lifelong marijuana users took some other illegal drug at some point El 45% de los consumidores de marihuana de toda la vida consumió alguna otra droga ilegal en algún momento 45% des consommateurs de marijuana à vie ont consommé d'autres drogues illégales à un moment ou à un autre. 生涯マリファナ使用者の45%は、ある時点で他の違法薬物を服用していました 45% dos usuários de maconha ao longo da vida consumiram alguma outra droga ilegal em algum momento

Legalizing marijuana could reinforce this trend as more young people. Try legal marijuana. They might end up trying harder drugs |||verstärken||Trend|||||||||||||| |||強化する|||||||||||||||| Die Legalisierung von Marihuana könnte diesen Trend verstärken, da mehr junge Leute versuchen könnten, legales Marihuana auszuprobieren. Sie könnten enden, härtere Drogen auszuprobieren La legalización de la marihuana podría reforzar esta tendencia a medida que más jóvenes. prueben la marihuana legal. Podrían acabar probando drogas más duras La légalisation de la marijuana pourrait renforcer cette tendance, car de plus en plus de jeunes. essaieront la marijuana légale. Ils pourraient finir par essayer des drogues plus dures A legalização da maconha poderia reforçar essa tendência à medida que mais jovens. Experimente maconha legalizada. Eles podem acabar tentando drogas mais pesadas

But it turns out that the real gateway to drug use comes much earlier cigarettes ||||||||||||||Zigaretten ||||||||||||||タバコ Aber es stellt sich heraus, dass das wirkliche Einstiegsportal zum Drogenkonsum viel früher Zigaretten sind Pero resulta que la verdadera puerta de entrada al consumo de drogas llega mucho antes cigarrillos Mas acontece que a verdadeira porta de entrada para o uso de drogas vem muito antes dos cigarros 但事实证明,吸毒的真正途径早在香烟出现之前就出现了

One study showed that teens who started smoking before the age of 15 were 80% ||||Jugendliche|||||||| Eine Studie zeigte, dass Jugendliche, die vor dem 15. Lebensjahr mit dem Rauchen begonnen haben, zu 80 % Une étude a montré que les adolescents qui ont commencé à fumer avant l'âge de 15 ans sont 80% plus âgés que les autres. 一项研究表明,15 岁之前开始吸烟的青少年 80%

more likely to use illegal drugs than those who didn't and a eher dazu neigen||||||||||| 更有可能使用非法药物,而不是那些没有

2007 study found that teenagers between 12 and 17 who smoked were three times more likely to binge drink ||||||||||||||pít| |||Jugendliche||||geraucht haben|||||||Komasaufen| |||||||喫煙した|||||||| Une étude réalisée en 2007 a montré que les adolescents de 12 à 17 ans qui fumaient étaient trois fois plus susceptibles de s'adonner à une consommation excessive d'alcool. Estudo de 2007 descobriu que adolescentes entre 12 e 17 anos que fumavam eram três vezes mais propensos a beber em excesso 2007 年的研究发现,12 至 17 岁的青少年吸烟,酗酒的可能性是其他人的三倍

Seven times more likely to have used drugs like heroin or cocaine and were also seven times more likely to resort to marijuana |||||||||海洛因||可卡因|||||||||诉诸于|| |||||||||Heroin oder Kokain||Kokain|||||||||auf Marihuana zurückgreifen|| |||||||||||コカイン|||||||||頼る|| Sie haben siebenmal häufiger Drogen wie Heroin oder Kokain konsumiert und greifen auch siebenmal häufiger zu Marihuana ヘロインやコカインのような薬物を使用した可能性が7倍高く、マリファナに頼る可能性も7倍高かった Sete vezes mais propensos a usar drogas como heroína ou cocaína e também foram sete vezes mais propensos a recorrer à maconha 吸食海洛因或可卡因等毒品的可能性是普通人的七倍,吸食大麻的可能性也是普通人的七倍

But if that's the case, how could making more drugs legal stop the use of hard drugs? Mais si c'est le cas, comment la légalisation d'un plus grand nombre de drogues pourrait-elle mettre fin à la consommation de drogues dures ? しかしそうだとしたら、もっと多くの薬物を合法化することでなぜ硬い薬物の使用を止めることができるのか? 但如果事实确实如此,那么让更多毒品合法化怎么能阻止硬性毒品的使用呢?

At first it's important to acknowledge that people don't use drugs because they're legal or not je důležité|||||uznat|||||||||| |||||anerkennen|||||||||| まず最初に、法律で許可されているかどうかにかかわらず人々が薬物を使用する理由を認識することが重要です A princípio é importante reconhecer que as pessoas não usam drogas porque são legais ou não 首先,我们必须承认,人们吸食毒品并不是因为毒品合法与否

If you want to buy any drug, you'll always find someone happy to sell 如果你想买任何毒品,你总会找到乐意卖的人

The real question is why do people develop an unhealthy relationship with drugs at all? Die eigentliche Frage ist, warum Menschen überhaupt eine ungesunde Beziehung zu Drogen entwickeln. La verdadera pregunta es por qué las personas desarrollan una relación malsana con las drogas. La vraie question est de savoir pourquoi les gens développent une relation malsaine avec les drogues. 真正的问题是,人们为什么会与毒品产生不健康的关系?

Studies show that certain conditions make people especially vulnerable to drugs and addiction a difficult childhood early trauma ||||||||anfällig|||||||||frühes Trauma |||||||||||||||||トラウマ Los estudios demuestran que ciertas condiciones hacen a las personas especialmente vulnerables a las drogas y la adicción una infancia difícil un trauma temprano Des études montrent que certaines conditions rendent les personnes particulièrement vulnérables aux drogues et à la dépendance une enfance difficile un traumatisme précoce 研究によると、特定の条件により、人々は薬物や依存症に対して特に脆弱になり、小児期の初期のトラウマは困難になります。

low social status faible statut social

depression even genetic factors Depression, sogar genetische Faktoren|||

Which drug they get addicted to is more often than not a matter of chance ||||依存|||||||||| La droga a la que se vuelven adictos es, en la mayoría de los casos, una cuestión de azar. Le choix de la drogue à laquelle ils deviennent dépendants est le plus souvent le fruit du hasard Em qual droga eles ficam viciados é mais frequentemente uma questão de sorte К какому наркотику они пристрастятся, чаще всего зависит от случая 他们对哪种药物上瘾往往是一个偶然的问题

Addicts take drugs to escape their problems, but drugs don't solve any of those problems and instead become a new problem 瘾君子|||||||||||||||||||| Süchtige|||||||||||||||||||| 依存症者|||||||||||||||||||| Los adictos toman drogas para escapar de sus problemas, pero las drogas no resuelven ninguno de esos problemas y, en cambio, se convierten en un nuevo problema 吸毒者吸毒是为了逃避问题,但毒品并不能解决任何问题,反而会成为新的问题

But punishing people for their unhealthy coping mechanisms doesn't change anything about the underlying causes either ||||||coping|||||||základních|| |惩罚||||||||||||潜在原因|| |bestrafen|||||Bewältigungsstrategien|||||||zugrunde liegend|| |罰する|||||||||||||| Pero castigar a las personas por sus mecanismos de supervivencia poco saludables tampoco cambia nada de las causas subyacentes. しかし、人々の不健康な対処メカニズムを罰することは、根本的な原因に何の変化ももたらしません。 Mas punir as pessoas por seus mecanismos de enfrentamento insalubres também não muda nada sobre as causas subjacentes. 但惩罚人们不健康的应对机制也无法改变根本原因

So some argue we need to take a completely different route in Also||||||||||andere Richtung einschlagen| Por ello, algunos sostienen que debemos tomar un camino completamente distinto en したがって、一部の人々は全く異なるアプローチを取る必要があると主張しています。

2001 Portugal had one of the worst drug problems in Europe. So it was desperate enough to try something radical |||||||||||||dostatečně zoufalé||||| 葡萄牙|||||||||||||绝望的||||| Portugal||||||||||||||||||radikal En 2001, le Portugal connaissait l'un des pires problèmes de drogue en Europe. Il était donc suffisamment désespéré pour tenter quelque chose de radical 2001年、ポルトガルはヨーロッパで最悪のドラッグ問題を抱えていました。そのため、急を要して何か過激なことを試みる必要がありました。

Possession and use of all the legal drugs was decriminalized držení||||||||| |||||||||非刑事化 Besitz||||||||| 所持|||||||||非犯罪化された Der Besitz und Konsum aller legalen Drogen wurde entkriminalisiert. La possession et la consommation de toutes les drogues légales ont été décriminalisées.

He would no longer be arrested instead authorities launched a major health campaign |||||festgenommen||||||| Ya no sería detenido, sino que las autoridades lanzaron una gran campaña sanitaria Il ne sera plus arrêté, mais les autorités ont lancé une grande campagne de santé. 彼はもはや逮捕されず、代わりに当局は大規模な健康キャンペーンを開始しました Ele não seria mais preso, em vez disso, as autoridades lançaram uma grande campanha de saúde 他不再被逮捕,相反,当局发起了一场大规模的健康运动

People who were found with a small amount were referred to support services and got help with treatment and harm reduction |||||||||转介||||||||||| |||||||||verwiesen||||||||||| Personen, bei denen eine geringe Menge gefunden wurde, wurden an Unterstützungsdienste verwiesen und erhielten Hilfe bei der Behandlung und Schadensbegrenzung Las personas a las que se detectó una pequeña cantidad fueron remitidas a servicios de apoyo y recibieron ayuda para el tratamiento y la reducción de daños. Les personnes trouvées en possession d'une petite quantité ont été orientées vers des services de soutien et ont bénéficié d'une aide au traitement et à la réduction des risques. 少量で発見された人々はサポートサービスに紹介され、治療とハームリダクションの助けを得ました Pessoas que foram encontradas com pequena quantia foram encaminhadas para serviços de apoio e receberam ajuda no tratamento e redução de danos 被发现含有少量药物的人被转介到支持服务机构,并获得治疗和减少伤害的帮助

Drug use was seen as a chronic disease not a crime ||||||chronisch||||Verbrechen 吸毒被视为一种慢性病,而不是犯罪

the results were stunning the number of people who tried drugs and kept using them fell from |||umwerfend||||||||||||| los resultados fueron asombrosos el número de personas que probaron drogas y siguieron consumiéndolas descendió de

44% to 28% by 2012

The use of hard drugs decreased as well as HIV and hepatitis infections and overdoses |||||||||||肝炎|||过量用药 |||||||||HIV-Infektionen||Hepatitis-Infektionen|||Überdosierungen ||||||||||||||過剰摂取 |||||||||||viêm gan|||sự quá liều Disminuyó el consumo de drogas duras, así como las infecciones por VIH y hepatitis y las sobredosis ハードドラッグの使用は減少し、HIVや肝炎の感染やオーバードーズも減少しました O uso de drogas pesadas diminuiu, assim como infecções e overdoses por HIV e hepatite

Making drugs legal might overall help society much more than it harms it |||||||||||schadet| |||||||||||害を与える| Die Legalisierung von Drogen könnte der Gesellschaft insgesamt viel mehr helfen als schaden Legalizar las drogas podría ayudar a la sociedad mucho más de lo que la perjudica La légalisation des drogues pourrait globalement aider la société bien plus qu'elle ne lui nuit 薬物を合法化することは、社会にとってその害よりもはるかに助けになる可能性があります Legalizar as drogas pode, em geral, ajudar a sociedade muito mais do que prejudicá-la

Argument number three 主張その三

Marijuana is addictive and unhealthy. It needs to remain illegal to keep harm at a minimum ||süchtig machend|||||||||||||Minimum halten ||||||||||||害||| Marihuana macht süchtig und ist ungesund. Es muss illegal bleiben, um den Schaden auf ein Minimum zu beschränken La marijuana crée une dépendance et est mauvaise pour la santé. Elle doit rester illégale afin de limiter au maximum les dommages. A maconha é viciante e insalubre. Ele precisa permanecer ilegal para manter os danos no mínimo

While marijuana addiction is more psychological than physical it is still a real problem |||||psychisch||körperlich|||||| Si la dépendance à la marijuana est plus psychologique que physique, elle n'en demeure pas moins un problème réel. 虽然大麻成瘾更多的是心理上的,而不是生理上的,但它仍然是一个真正的问题

the demand for treatment for marijuana addiction has more than doubled in the past decade alone in la demanda de tratamiento para la adicción a la marihuana se ha más que duplicado sólo en la última década en la demande de traitement pour la dépendance à la marijuana a plus que doublé au cours de la seule décennie écoulée dans les pays de l'Union européenne. 仅在过去十年里,大麻成瘾治疗的需求就增加了一倍多

Total about 10 percent of people who try marijuana will become addicted 总共约有 10% 尝试大麻的人会上瘾

This is also related to higher THC levels a Esto también está relacionado con niveles más altos de THC a

Study released in 2017 tracked the potency of marijuana and Dutch coffee shops over a period of 16 years |||||效力||||||||||| |veröffentlicht||||Wirksamkeit||||||Coffeeshops||||| |||||効力||||||||||| Eine 2017 veröffentlichte Studie verfolgte die Potenz von Marihuana und niederländischen Coffeeshops über einen Zeitraum von 16 Jahren Un estudio publicado en 2017 rastreó la potencia de la marihuana y los coffee shops holandeses durante un periodo de 16 años Une étude publiée en 2017 a suivi la puissance de la marijuana et des cafés néerlandais sur une période de 16 ans. 2017年に発表された調査では、16年間にわたってマリファナとオランダのコーヒーショップの効力を追跡しました Estudo divulgado em 2017 rastreou a potência da maconha e dos cafés holandeses por um período de 16 anos

For every 1% increase in THC

60 more people enter treatment nationwide in terms of negative health effects ||||landesweit|||||| ||||全国的に|||||| 60 mehr Menschen begeben sich landesweit wegen negativer gesundheitlicher Auswirkungen in Behandlung 60 personas más entran en tratamiento en todo el país por efectos negativos para la salud 60 personnes supplémentaires entrent en traitement au niveau national en termes d'effets négatifs sur la santé

Some studies linked marijuana used to increase blood pressure and lung problems while a 2016 study found that marijuana use was Algunos estudios relacionaron el consumo de marihuana con el aumento de la presión arterial y problemas pulmonares, mientras que un estudio de 2016 descubrió que el consumo de marihuana era Certaines études ont établi un lien entre la consommation de marijuana et l'augmentation de la pression artérielle et les problèmes pulmonaires. Alguns estudos ligaram a maconha usada para aumentar a pressão arterial e problemas pulmonares, enquanto um estudo de 2016 descobriu que o uso de maconha era

Unrelated to physical health problems except for a higher risk of gum disease |||||||||||dásní| |||||||||||牙龈疾病| Nicht verbunden|||||||||||Zahnfleischerkrankung| |||||||||||歯茎| Kein Zusammenhang mit körperlichen Gesundheitsproblemen, außer einem höheren Risiko für Zahnfleischerkrankungen Sin relación con problemas de salud física, salvo un mayor riesgo de enfermedad de las encías. 除了患牙龈疾病的风险较高外,与身体健康问题无关

Some studies showed that marijuana use alters teenagers brains and ||||||mění||| ||||||verändert||| ||||||変化させる||| 一些研究表明,吸食大麻会改变青少年的大脑,

Decreases their intelligence, but when more recent studies took drinking and smoking into account the results were inconclusive |||||||||||||||||nepřesvědčivé |||||||||||||||||无法定论 Verringert|||||||||||||||||nicht eindeutig |||||||||||||||||決定的でない Verringert ihre Intelligenz, aber bei neueren Studien, die auch Alkoholkonsum und Rauchen berücksichtigten, waren die Ergebnisse nicht schlüssig Diminue leur intelligence, mais lorsque des études plus récentes ont pris en compte la consommation d'alcool et de tabac, les résultats n'ont pas été concluants. 彼らの知性を低下させますが、より最近の研究が飲酒と喫煙を考慮に入れたとき、結果は決定的ではありませんでした Diminui sua inteligência, mas quando estudos mais recentes levaram em conta o consumo de álcool e o fumo, os resultados foram inconclusivos 智力下降,但最近的研究将饮酒和吸烟考虑在内,结果并不确定

Overall research shows that taking any drugs while the brain is still in development is bad for you En general, las investigaciones demuestran que tomar cualquier droga mientras el cerebro aún está en desarrollo es perjudicial para la salud. Pesquisas gerais mostram que tomar qualquer droga enquanto o cérebro ainda está em desenvolvimento é ruim para você 总体研究表明,在大脑发育期间服用任何药物都会对你有害

But the truth is we don't know yet how unhealthy marijuana is we need more funding for research? |||||||||||||||Finanzierung|| Pero lo cierto es que aún no sabemos hasta qué punto es insana la marihuana, por lo que necesitamos más fondos para la investigación...". Mais la vérité est que nous ne savons pas encore à quel point la marijuana est nocive pour la santé et que nous avons besoin de plus de fonds pour la recherche. Mas a verdade é que ainda não sabemos o quão insalubre a maconha é, precisamos de mais financiamento para pesquisa? 但事实是我们还不知道大麻对健康的危害有多大,我们需要更多的研究资金吗?

Which is hard to get while marijuana remains illegal Was schwer zu bekommen ist, solange Marihuana illegal bleibt Ce qui est difficile à obtenir tant que la marijuana reste illégale 在大麻仍属非法的情况下,很难获得

We can put what we know into perspective though Pero podemos relativizar lo que sabemos Nous pouvons toutefois relativiser ce que nous savons 私たちが知っていることを視野に入れることはできますが 我们可以将我们所知道的知识放在正确的角度

16% of people who consume alcohol become alcoholics and 32% of people who try cigarettes become smokers ||||||酗酒者|||||||| ||||||Alkoholiker|||||||| ||||||アルコール依存症者|||||||| 16% des personnes qui consomment de l'alcool deviennent alcooliques et 32% des personnes qui essaient la cigarette deviennent fumeurs. アルコールを摂取する人の16%がアルコール依存症になり、タバコを試す人の32%が喫煙者になります 16% 饮酒者成为酒鬼,32% 尝试吸烟者成为烟民

We know for sure alcohol affects your brain destroys your liver and causes cancer while tobacco clogs your arteries ||||||||||||||||ucpává|| ||||||||||肝脏||||||堵塞||动脉 ||||||||zerstört||Leber|||||Tabak|verstopft||Arterien verstopft |||||||||||||||タバコ||| アルコールが脳に影響を及ぼし、肝臓を破壊し、癌を引き起こすことは確実です。一方、タバコは動脈を詰まらせます Sabemos com certeza que o álcool afeta seu cérebro, destrói seu fígado e causa câncer, enquanto o tabaco obstrui suas artérias 我们确信酒精会影响你的大脑,破坏你的肝脏并导致癌症,而烟草会堵塞你的动脉

Destroys your lungs and also causes cancer

3.3 million people die from alcohol abuse each year while smoking kills more than 6 million people

Nobody is suggesting tobacco and alcohol are harmless just because they're legal also ||vorschlagen|||||||||| ||提案している|||||||||| Niemand behauptet, dass Tabak und Alkohol harmlos sind, nur weil sie ebenfalls legal sind. タバコとアルコールが合法であるという理由だけで無害であると誰も示唆していません Ninguém está sugerindo que tabaco e álcool são inofensivos só porque são legais também 没有人会因为烟草和酒精合法就说它们是无害的

Nobody is seriously proposing to prohibit them even though they are extremely dangerous |||建议||||||||| ||ernsthaft|vorschlägt||||||||| |||提案している||||||||| Nadie propone seriamente prohibirlas a pesar de que son extremadamente peligrosas Personne ne propose sérieusement de les interdire alors qu'ils sont extrêmement dangereux 尽管它们极其危险,但没有人认真提议禁止它们

Legality is a way to exercise some control over them, especially when it comes to protecting young people 合法性||||||||||||||||| |||||ausüben||||||||||schützen|| 合法性|||||行使する|||||||||||| La légalité est un moyen d'exercer un certain contrôle sur eux, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit de protéger les jeunes. 合法性は、特に若者を保護する際に、彼らに対して何らかのコントロールを行使する方法です。 A legalidade é uma forma de exercer algum controle sobre eles, principalmente quando se trata de proteger os jovens 合法性是对他们进行一定控制的一种方式,特别是在保护年轻人方面

It's often much harder to buy legal drugs for teenagers than to buy illegal ones 合法的な薬をティーンエイジャーに購入させることは、違法な薬を購入させるよりもはるかに難しいことがよくあります。 对于青少年来说,购买合法药物往往比购买非法药物困难得多

Official sellers can get hefty fines and lose their license if they sell to underage kids ||||vysoké|pokuty|||||||||| |||||罚款|||||||||| |Verkäufer|||hohe|Geldstrafen||||Lizenz|||||minderjährige Kinder| ||||巨額の||||||||||未成年の| Los vendedores oficiales pueden recibir fuertes multas y perder su licencia si venden a menores de edad. Les vendeurs officiels peuvent se voir infliger de lourdes amendes et perdre leur licence s'ils vendent à des mineurs. 公式の販売業者は、未成年者に販売すると重い罰金を科され、ライセンスを失う可能性があります。 Vendedores oficiais podem receber multas pesadas e perder a licença se venderem para menores de idade 如果官方卖家向未成年人销售产品,可能会被处以高额罚款,并被吊销执照

Legality creates incentives here that drug dealers can't exploit ||||||||využít ||||||毒贩|| ||Anreize schaffen||||Drogenhändler||ausnutzen ||インセンティブ||||ディーラー|| Die Legalität schafft hier Anreize, die Drogenhändler nicht ausnutzen können La legalidad crea aquí incentivos que los narcotraficantes no pueden explotar La légalité crée des incitations que les trafiquants de drogue ne peuvent pas exploiter. 合法性は、麻薬の売人が利用できないインセンティブをここに生み出します A legalidade cria incentivos aqui que os traficantes não podem explorar 合法性创造了毒贩无法利用的激励机制

So making marijuana legal doesn't mean endorsing it it means taking responsibility for the risks it poses ||||||podporování||||||||||představuje ||||||支持|||||||||| ||||||befürworten|||||Verantwortung übernehmen|||||birgt ||||||支持する||||||||||もたらす Legalizar la marihuana no significa aprobarla, sino asumir los riesgos que conlleva. Rendre la marijuana légale ne signifie donc pas l'approuver, mais assumer la responsabilité des risques qu'elle pose. Portanto, tornar a maconha legal não significa endossá-la, significa assumir a responsabilidade pelos riscos que ela representa

It could also open the floodgates to tons of new research that shows us how harmful it really is. And to whom |||||brány|||||||||||||||| |||||洪水闸门|||||||||||||||| |||||Tore öffnen|||||||||||||||| |||||洪水の門|||||||||||||||| Elle pourrait également ouvrir la voie à des tonnes de nouvelles recherches qui nous montreraient à quel point elle est réellement nocive. Et à qui Também poderia abrir as comportas para toneladas de novas pesquisas que nos mostram o quão prejudicial realmente é. E para quem

Conclusion

Marijuana is a drug and just like any other drug

It has negative consequences for a sizable portion of the people who use it. It is not harmless ||||||相当大部分||||||||||| |||negative Folgen|||beträchtlichen||||||||||| ||||||相当な||||||||||| それを使用する人々のかなりの部分に悪影響を及ぼします。無害ではありません Tem consequências negativas para uma parcela considerável das pessoas que o utilizam. Não é inofensivo

The best way to protect society from its negative consequences seems to be legalization and regulation |||||||||||||合法化|| |||||||||||||Legalisierung und Regulierung|| |||||||||||||合法化||

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