Balanced English Learning - Improve the Way You Study English Balanced English Learning - Verbessern Sie Ihren Englischunterricht Aprendizaje equilibrado del inglés: mejore su forma de estudiar inglés Apprentissage équilibré de l'anglais - Améliorez votre façon d'étudier l'anglais Apprendimento bilanciato dell'inglese - Migliorare il modo in cui si studia l'inglese バランスの取れた英語学習 - 英語の勉強法を改善する Balanced English Learning - Verbeter de manier waarop u Engels studeert Balanced English Learning - Melhore a sua forma de estudar inglês Сбалансированное изучение английского языка - улучшите процесс изучения английского языка Dengeli İngilizce Öğrenimi - İngilizce Çalışma Şeklinizi Geliştirin 平衡英語學習 - 改善您學習英語的方式

Hi, I'm Oli.

Welcome to Oxford Online English!

Many English learners have similar problems, and say the same things: “I've been studying

for years, but I still can't speak fluently!”

“How can I remember vocabulary?”

“How do I stop translating in my head?”

In this video, we'll talk about what it means to learn English, why so many learners

have these problems, and what you can do to learn more effectively.

First, have you seen our website? Öncelikle, web sitemizi gördünüz mü?

Go check it out!

Oxford Online English dot com.

You can find videos, listening lessons, quizzes and professional teachers who you can study

with if you need classes.

Also, one more thing.

Don't forget to turn on the captions if you need them! ||||||subtitles|||| ||||||legendas|||| İhtiyacınız varsa altyazıları açmayı unutmayın!

All our videos have captions in English, some have captions in other languages too. Tüm videolarımızda İngilizce altyazı vardır, bazılarında diğer dillerde de altyazı vardır.

Click the 'CC' button in the bottom right to turn on captions now. 右下の[CC]ボタンをクリックして、キャプションをオンにします。 Altyazıları şimdi açmak için sağ alttaki 'CC' düğmesine tıklayın.

Let's start with a question: what does it mean to learn something? 質問から始めましょう：何かを学ぶことはどういう意味ですか？

No, really, think about it. いいえ、本当に考えてみてください。

When you say, “I learned this,” what do you mean? 「私はこれを学んだ」と言うとき、どういう意味ですか？

Actually, it can mean different things.

All learning depends on three things: theory, memory and practice.

You need to understand ideas and concepts—theory.

You need to remember ideas and how to do things—memory.

And, you need to use things in real life—practice.

When you learn something, you need a balance between these three things, and you need the あなたが何かを学ぶとき、あなたはこれらの3つのことの間のバランスを必要とします、そしてあなたは

right balance. 正しいバランス。

If you don't get the balance right, you'll find it difficult to learn.

You'll waste time and energy, and you'll probably get worse results than you could have.

Let's talk about this balance in more detail.

When you learn different things, you need different amounts of theory, memorisation,

and practice.

For example, think about learning to ride a bike.

Do you need theory, or memorisation?

Not really!

No one learns to ride a bike by reading books.

You get on a bike, and you try.

You fall off; you try again.

It's almost 100 per cent practice.

Let's take a very different example: aeronautical engineering, meaning designing aeroplanes ||||||aircraft design engineering|||| ||||||航空工学|||| ||||||aeronáutica||||

and rockets.

OK, I'll be honest: I don't know, because I'm not an aeronautical engineer, but I'm

guessing that it's a lot of theory and memorisation, and less practice, because when you're designing

a plane or a rocket, you should get it right first time.

So, what's the point?

When you learn different things, you need a different balance of these three areas—theory,

memorisation and practice.

What about learning English? İngilizce öğrenmeye ne dersiniz?

Here's my suggestion. İşte benim önerim.

It's not meant to be something precise. ||||||exact or accurate 正確なものを意味するものではありません。 Kesin bir şey olması gerekmiyor.

This isn't statistics.

What does this mean for you? Bu sizin için ne anlama geliyor?

Many English learners have problems because they get this balance wrong, and they get

it wrong in similar ways.

What are the biggest problems English learners have here?

One: they focus too much on theory.

Two: they try to use theory and memorisation to replace practice. İki: teori ve ezberi pratiğin yerine kullanmaya çalışıyorlar.

Three: they leave memorisation to luck. 3：彼らは暗記を運に任せます。 Üç: Ezberlemeyi şansa bırakırlar.

And Four: they don't practice enough, or effectively. Ve dört: Yeterince ya da etkili bir şekilde pratik yapmıyorlar.

These mistakes lead to all the common English-learner complaints: “I've been studying for years

but I can't speak fluently!”, “I learn vocabulary, but I can't remember it!”,

and so on.

Let's see what you can do about these problems, and how you can make your English learning

more effective.

In this section, we're going to talk about the first two problems: focusing too much

on theory, and using theory and memorisation to replace practice. ||||||||substituir|

Actually, this isn't English learners' fault.

Many people learn English—and other languages—in a theory-heavy way at school or university.

Then, they think this is what language learning means: sitting in a classroom, doing grammar

exercises, and so on.

Theory is part of English learning. Teori, İngilizce öğreniminin bir parçasıdır.

Going to a language class might be useful.

Doing grammar exercises can be helpful in the right situation.

But, here's the key point: practice comes first.

Practice should come before theory.

Using a language is a practical skill. 言語を使うことは実践的なスキルです。

It's more like riding a bike than designing an airplane or a rocket.

You can't replace practice by studying theory.

You can't learn to speak by doing exercises from a book.

You can't learn to write essays by reading other people's essays.

Here's a question: do you have problems speaking fluently, because you're translating

whole sentences in your head?

Yes?

If you do, that's a sign that you've studied English in a way which depends too much on

theory and not enough on practice.

If you do this, you end up trying to ‘calculate' sentences in your head.

That's really hard!

It's like doing complex maths at high speed.

Of course you can't speak fluently if you're doing this.

Again, theory is not useless! Studying theory is not useless. ||||without value|||||

But, you have to put practice first.

If you want to learn to speak, you have to speak.

If you want to learn to write, you have to write.

Theoretical study should support your practice.

What does that mean?

Let's take something which for many people is the biggest symbol of boring English lessons—grammar

exercises.

Grammar exercises can be extremely useful!

But, you should only do them only when you really need them.

For example, imagine you're speaking English regularly, but you're not good at using

the present perfect.

You know something about it, and you hear other people use it, and you know that you

can't use it well when you speak.

That's the right moment to take your grammar book and read about the present perfect and

do some exercises.

More generally, you should only study theory—like grammar rules or vocabulary exercises—when

you already know what you need.

Don't take your grammar book, or your vocabulary book, and start at unit one and say, “I'm Dilbilgisi kitabınızı ya da kelime kitabınızı alıp birinci üniteden başlamayın ve "Ben

going to study this whole book!” bütün bu kitabı çalışacağım!"

Have you ever done that? Bunu hiç yaptın mı?

I have.

It doesn't work. İşe yaramıyor.

You won't finish the book. Kitabı bitiremeyeceksin.

You probably won't even finish the first three units. Muhtemelen ilk üç üniteyi bile bitiremeyeceksiniz.

It's boring and it doesn't help you.

Get a good grammar book.

Get a good vocabulary book. İyi bir kelime kitabı edinin.

Get books on writing, or IELTS, or whatever you need. Yazma, IELTS ya da neye ihtiyacınız varsa onunla ilgili kitaplar alın.

Then, take what you need when you need it. O halde, ihtiyacınız olduğunda ihtiyacınız olanı alın.

If you don't know what something is, then you don't need it yet. Bir şeyin ne olduğunu bilmiyorsanız, henüz ona ihtiyacınız yok demektir.

If you aren't sure whether you need something or not, then you don't need it yet. Bir şeye ihtiyacınız olup olmadığından emin değilseniz, henüz ona ihtiyacınız yok demektir.

By the way, I'm not making this stuff up. |||||||information or details| ちなみに、私はこれを作り上げていません。 Bu arada, bunları ben uydurmuyorum. 順便說一句，我不是編造這些東西。

It comes directly from my own language-learning experiences. Doğrudan kendi dil öğrenme deneyimlerimden geliyor.

As you might know, I live in Greece. Bildiğiniz gibi ben Yunanistan'da yaşıyorum.

My Greek is not that good. Yunancam o kadar iyi değil.

[speak some Greek] I haven't really studied formally. [Resmi olarak çalışmadım.

At one point, I realised that I didn't know how to form the past tense. Bir noktada, geçmiş zamanın nasıl oluşturulacağını bilmediğimi fark ettim.

I knew *some* past verbs, but I couldn't make past forms which I hadn't seen before. Bazı *geçmiş* fiilleri biliyordum, ama daha önce görmediğim geçmiş biçimleri yapamıyordum.

Obviously, using past forms is very helpful. Açıkçası, geçmiş formları kullanmak çok yararlıdır.

In any conversation, you'll probably need a past verb at some point. Herhangi bir konuşmada, muhtemelen bir noktada geçmiş bir fiile ihtiyacınız olacaktır.

So, I found some grammar notes, did some exercises, and I learned how to make past forms. Bu yüzden bazı dilbilgisi notları buldum, bazı alıştırmalar yaptım ve geçmiş zaman formlarının nasıl yapıldığını öğrendim.

It wasn't boring or difficult, because I felt I needed it. Sıkıcı ya da zor değildi, çünkü buna ihtiyacım olduğunu hissediyordum.

And, it helped me immediately, so I remembered most of what I studied.

Here's a summary: put practice first. Özet olarak: pratiğe öncelik verin.

When you feel you need something theoretical, like a grammar point or vocabulary on a certain

topic, then go and study it.

You need to feel that you need it, because otherwise it probably won't stay in your

head.

The same is true with memorising things.

There's no point memorising something unless you know you need it.

Don't learn a big list of vocabulary which you'll probably never use.

Go out and practise, talk to people, write something, find out what you can't say and Dışarı çıkın ve pratik yapın, insanlarla konuşun, bir şeyler yazın, neyi söyleyemediğinizi öğrenin ve

which ideas you can't express, and then learn those words. hangi fikirleri ifade edemediğinizi belirleyin ve sonra bu kelimeleri öğrenin.

Let's move on and talk more about memorisation. Devam edelim ve ezberleme hakkında daha fazla konuşalım.

Remember the problem that we said many English learners have with memorisation? Pek çok İngilizce öğrencisinin ezberle ilgili sorunu olduğunu söylediğimizi hatırlıyor musunuz?

Too many English learners leave memorisation to luck. Çok fazla İngilizce öğrencisi ezberlemeyi şansa bırakıyor.

Memorisation isn't enough by itself to learn a language. Bir dili öğrenmek için ezberlemek tek başına yeterli değildir.

But, it is an important point. Ancak, bu önemli bir noktadır.

For example, take a topic which many English learners find difficult: preposition use. たとえば、多くの英語学習者が難しいと感じるトピック、前置詞の使用を考えてみましょう。 Örneğin, birçok İngilizce öğrencisinin zorlandığı bir konuyu ele alalım: edat kullanımı.

Should I use ‘at' or ‘on'?

What's the difference between ‘to' and ‘for'? 'To' ve 'for' arasındaki fark nedir?

Why do I need to use ‘on' here?

Often, leaners approach this like other grammar topics, where you start by learning rules. |os alunos|||||||||||| 多くの場合、学習者は他の文法トピックのようにこれにアプローチします。そこでは、ルールを学ぶことから始めます。 Часто ученики подходят к этому так же, как и к другим темам грамматики, где вы начинаете с изучения правил. Genellikle, yalın dil öğrenenler bu konuya kuralları öğrenerek başladıkları diğer dilbilgisi konuları gibi yaklaşırlar.

But, there aren't really rules, or at least, not so many useful ones. Ancak, gerçekte kurallar yoktur ya da en azından çok fazla yararlı kural yoktur.

Learning to use prepositions is more about memorising lots and lots and lots of information. Edatları kullanmayı öğrenmek daha çok çok çok fazla bilgiyi ezberlemekle ilgilidir.

You have to memorise specific word combinations and phrases. Belirli kelime kombinasyonlarını ve cümleleri ezberlemeniz gerekir.

Why do you say ‘it depends on' and not ‘it depends of'? Neden 'bağlıdır' değil de 'bağlıdır' diyorsunuz?

There's no good reason. İyi bir nedeni yok.

You just need to remember: ‘depend' plus ‘on'. |||||rely||

Many other topics are like this.

They depend more on memory than theory. Teoriden çok hafızaya bağlıdırlar.

If you can't remember the information, then you can't use the language correctly. Eğer bilgiyi hatırlayamazsanız, dili doğru kullanamazsınız.

At this point, you'll start thinking in your language. Bu noktada, kendi dilinizde düşünmeye başlayacaksınız.

Then you're translating, which means you're calculating sentences again, which ||||||calculando||| Sonra çeviri yapıyorsunuz, bu da cümleleri yeniden hesapladığınız anlamına geliyor.

doesn't give you good results. iyi sonuçlar vermez.

So, memorisation is necessary. ですから、暗記が必要です。

Here's another point about memorisation: it's measurable. ||||||mensurável ここに暗記についてのもう一つのポイントがあります：それは測定可能です。 Ezberle ilgili bir başka nokta da şu: Ezber ölçülebilir.

A question: imagine you try to learn ten new words. Bir soru: On yeni kelime öğrenmeye çalıştığınızı düşünün.

How many will you remember next week? Gelecek hafta kaç tanesini hatırlayacaksınız?

How many will you remember next month?

How many will you remember in a year?

What do you think?

Say a number. Bir sayı söyle.

When I ask most students these questions, they almost all say that they'll remember Çoğu öğrenciye bu soruları sorduğumda, neredeyse hepsi hatırlayacaklarını söylüyor

zero words in a year.

If that's true for you, then why learn these new words?

There's no point learning something if you're just going to forget it again. もう一度忘れてしまったら、何かを学んでも意味がありません。

Also, that's not really learning!

So, what's the solution? Peki, çözüm nedir?

The first part you already know: put practice first.

You won't remember things if you're not using them. Kullanmadığınız şeyleri hatırlamazsınız.

Practice needs to come first.

Don't try to memorise things you don't need. İhtiyacınız olmayan şeyleri ezberlemeye çalışmayın.

Just like you shouldn't study theory unless you need it right now. 今必要でない限り、理論を勉強すべきではないのと同じように。 Tıpkı şu anda ihtiyacınız olmadığı sürece teori çalışmamanız gerektiği gibi.

Secondly: make a system for memorisation. İkinci olarak: ezberlemek için bir sistem oluşturun.

If you've watched our other videos, you might already know what I'm going to

talk about.

“Is he going to tell us to use Anki again?” ||||||||アンキ| "Bize yine Anki kullanmamızı mı söyleyecek?"

Yes, yes I am.

If you don't know, Anki is a very powerful digital flashcard app. あなたが知らないなら、Ankiは非常に強力なデジタルフラッシュカードアプリです。

It lets you practice with questions and answers on your laptop or phone or tablet, and it's

designed to help you memorise large amounts of information.

I'm not getting paid by Anki or anything like that. 私はAnkiなどから支払いを受けていません。 Anki'den para falan almıyorum.

I'm telling you this because I know it works from my experience. Bunu size söylüyorum çünkü deneyimlerime dayanarak işe yaradığını biliyorum.

I'll tell you: I lived in China and I studied Chinese, including writing. Ben söyleyeyim: Çin'de yaşadım ve yazı da dahil olmak üzere Çince öğrendim.

Learning to write in Chinese involves a huge amount of memorisation. Çince yazmayı öğrenmek büyük miktarda ezber gerektirir.

To write at a basic level, you need to know around one to two thousand characters. Temel düzeyde yazmak için yaklaşık bir ila iki bin karakter bilmeniz gerekir.

I spent three years in China, and at the end I took a C1-level exam, which is equivalent ||||||||||||||||||comparable level

to around band 7 or 7.5 in IELTS.

That meant I had to write essays and other things in Chinese. |significava|||||||||| Bu da makaleleri ve diğer şeyleri Çince yazmam gerektiği anlamına geliyordu.

So, I went from basically zero to C1 level in three years, and Anki helped a lot.

You don't have to use Anki. Anki kullanmak zorunda değilsiniz.

There are other flashcard apps. Başka bilgi kartı uygulamaları da var.

You don't have to use a flashcard app.

There are other ways to memorise things.

But, you should have a system, and you should ask yourself how well that system works. Ancak, bir sisteminiz olmalı ve kendinize bu sistemin ne kadar iyi çalıştığını sormalısınız.

Think about the question you saw before: if you try to memorise ten things today, how Daha önce gördüğünüz soruyu düşünün: Bugün on şey ezberlemeye çalışırsanız, nasıl

many will you remember in a year? Bir yıl sonra kaç tanesini hatırlayacaksınız?

It won't be ten. On olmayacak.

Nothing's perfect! 完璧なものはありません！

And, that's fine.

But, it shouldn't be zero either. しかし、それもゼロであってはなりません。 Ama sıfır da olmamalı.

Whatever you do to memorise things, it should work. あなたが物事を暗記するために何をするにしても、それはうまくいくはずです。 Bir şeyleri ezberlemek için ne yaparsanız yapın, işe yaramalıdır.

The information should stay in your head. Bilgi kafanızda kalmalıdır.

If it doesn't work, then try something different! Eğer işe yaramazsa, o zaman farklı bir şey deneyin!

Or, don't do it at all! Ya da hiç yapmayın!

There's no point in memorising something if you're going to forget it again. もう一度忘れてしまったら、覚えても意味がありません。

Spend your time on something better.

Don't leave memorisation to luck. Ezberlemeyi şansa bırakmayın.

You don't have to!

There are tools you can use. Kullanabileceğiniz araçlar var.

Also, even if you're lazy, you should do this.

In fact, especially if you're lazy, you should do this.

Why?

Because being systematic about memorisation will save you so much time, effort and stress Çünkü ezberleme konusunda sistematik olmak size çok fazla zaman, çaba ve stres kazandıracaktır

in the long term. uzun vadede.

Many English learners get demotivated because they go in circles, studying the same things ||||desmotivados|||||||||

over and over and over again; learning and forgetting and learning and forgetting and

learning and forgetting…

Everyone's motivation is limited.

If this is you, you'll give up eventually. |||||||ultimately Eğer bu sizseniz, eninde sonunda pes edeceksiniz.

You'll waste a lot of time and money and energy.

So, be systematic about memorisation. Bu nedenle, ezberleme konusunda sistematik olun.

Measure your results! Sonuçlarınızı ölçün!

Be a scientist. Bir bilim adamı ol.

Save your time, save your money, and save your energy. Zamanınızdan, paranızdan ve enerjinizden tasarruf edin.

But, remember: memorisation isn't everything. Ancak unutmayın: ezberlemek her şey demek değildir.

The most important thing is practice.

Let's talk about that! Hadi bunun hakkında konuşalım!

You know this already: practice is the most important part of learning English.

Here are some questions many English learners have about practicing:

“How do I find someone to practice with?” "Birlikte çalışacak birini nasıl bulabilirim?"

“Can I practice by myself?” "Kendi başıma çalışabilir miyim?"

In this section, we'll talk about effective practice. Bu bölümde etkili uygulama hakkında konuşacağız.

I'll start by answering these questions. Bu soruları yanıtlayarak başlayacağım.

You might not like my answers! Cevaplarım hoşunuza gitmeyebilir!

First: how do you find someone to practice with? Birincisi: Birlikte çalışacak birini nasıl bulursunuz?

I don't know.

You have to solve that problem.

You can make friends with English speakers, do a language exchange, join a conversation

group, pay for a language school, or pay for a private teacher.

I don't know what's possible for you. Senin için ne mümkün bilmiyorum.

You have to find your own solution here. Burada kendi çözümünüzü bulmak zorundasınız.

I'm not trying to be unkind; it's just reality. |||||cruel||| Kaba olmaya çalışmıyorum; bu sadece gerçek.

But, I'll say this: learning to do anything will cost you time or money or both. Ancak şunu söyleyebilirim: Herhangi bir şeyi yapmayı öğrenmek size zaman, para ya da her ikisine de mal olacaktır.

If you have more time than money, then use your time. Paradan daha fazla zamanınız varsa, zamanınızı kullanın.

Look for English speakers or English-speaking groups online or near where you live.

Or, start your own! Ya da kendinizinkini başlatın!

If you have more money than time, then pay for a teacher or a class.

What about the second question: can you practice effectively by yourself? Peki ya ikinci soru: kendi başınıza etkili bir şekilde pratik yapabilir misiniz?

No, not really.

Why not?

Because effective practice needs feedback.

To be clear, practising by yourself can be useful, but only if you're also practising

with other people and getting feedback regularly.

If you're *only* practising by yourself, it won't work.

So, what *should* you do to practice effectively? Peki, etkili bir şekilde pratik yapmak için *ne yapmalısınız*?

One: practice as much as possible. Bir: mümkün olduğunca çok pratik yapın.

Two: practise as widely as possible. İki: Mümkün olduğunca geniş çapta pratik yapın.

Talk to many people, about many different things. Birçok insanla, birçok farklı şey hakkında konuşun.

Write different kinds of texts, on as many different topics as you can. Olabildiğince farklı konularda, farklı türde metinler yazın.

Three: make sure you have feedback. Üç: Geri bildirim aldığınızdan emin olun.

Feedback doesn't have to be formal. Geri bildirimin resmi olması gerekmez.

It doesn't have to come from a teacher, although sometimes that might be necessary. 教師からのものである必要はありませんが、必要な場合もあります。 Bunun bir öğretmenden gelmesi gerekmez, ancak bazen bu gerekli olabilir.

Feedback can be simple. Geri bildirim basit olabilir.

For example, if you say something to someone, and they go like this [confused face], that's Örneğin, birine bir şey söylediğinizde şöyle yapıyorsa [şaşkın yüz ifadesi], bu

feedback!

It tells you that what you said wasn't clear. Bu size söylediklerinizin açık olmadığını gösterir.

Four: practice accurately. ||com precisão Dört: Doğru şekilde pratik yapın.

Accept that you will make mistakes, but don't be happy about it. Hata yapacağınızı kabul edin, ancak bundan mutlu olmayın.

Try to speak and write as accurately as you can. ||||||com precisão||| Elinizden geldiğince doğru konuşmaya ve yazmaya çalışın.

Work on your mistakes and your weaknesses continually. Sürekli olarak hatalarınız ve zayıf yönleriniz üzerinde çalışın.

Five: practice repetitively. ||repetidamente

Practice repetitively?

Why?

Repetition is boring. Tekrar sıkıcıdır.

OK, I know.

But, it's effective!

Many English learners ask “How can I stop translating in my head?”

Well, I'll tell you the answer right now! Peki, size cevabı şimdi söyleyeceğim!

It's not complicated. Karmaşık bir şey değil.

When people ask me this question, I ask them a question back.

Actually, I have a simple conversation with them: “Hello! ||||||||Hello

How are you?

Where are you from?”

Let's try it now together: hello!

How are you?

Where are you from?

Do you have to translate in your head to answer those questions?

Most people say that they don't.

Why not?

It's because you've answered these questions hundreds of times.

You can answer automatically.

You don't have to think, and you don't have to translate from your language.

That's the solution right there.

If you don't want to translate in your head, then you have to respond automatically. Kafanızda çeviri yapmak istemiyorsanız, otomatik olarak yanıt vermeniz gerekir.

To do that, you have to practice and repeat the same things many, many times. Bunu yapmak için pratik yapmanız ve aynı şeyleri birçok kez tekrarlamanız gerekir.

So, when you practice, don't talk about a topic once, talk about it many times. Bu nedenle, pratik yaparken bir konu hakkında bir kez değil, birçok kez konuşun.

Don't practice answering a question once; repeat your answer over and over again. Bir soruya bir kez cevap verme alıştırması yapmayın; cevabınızı defalarca tekrarlayın.

Don't write an essay once. Bir makaleyi bir kez yazmayın.

Get feedback, and then write an improved version.

Build repetition into your practice, and you'll get better results.

I hope this lesson was useful for you.

Thanks very much for watching!