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The Story of the Middle Ages, 07. Franks and Mohammedans

07. Franks and Mohammedans

While the descendants of Clovis were struggling with one another for his kingdom, and while the Church was gaining in wealth and in power, a danger was arising in the East that was to threaten both with ruin.

This danger was caused by the rise of a new religion among the Arabs. Arabia is a desert land for the most part; and the people gained their living by wandering with their camels and herds from oasis to oasis, or else by carrying on trade between India and the West, by means of caravans across the deserts. The people themselves were like grown-up children in many ways. They had poetic minds, and impulsive and generous hearts; but they were ignorant and superstitious, and often very cruel. Up to this time they had never been united under one government, nor had they all believed in the same religion. Some tribes worshiped the stars of heaven, others worshiped "fetiches" of sticks and stones and others believed in gods or demons called "genii." If you have read the story of Aladdin and his wonderful lamp, in the "Arabian Nights," you will know what the "genii" were like. Arabia is so near Palestine that it will not surprise you to hear that the Arabs had also learned something of the religion of the Jews, and of the Christians. But until the seventh century after Christ, the Arabs remained, in spite of this, a rude and idolatrous people, without any faith or government which all acknowledged.

In the seventh century came a change. The Arabs then became a united people, under one government, and with one religion. And under the influence of this religion they came out from their deserts and conquered vast empires to the East and to the West, until it seemed as though the whole of the known world was to pass into their hands.

The man who brought about this change was named Mohammed. He belonged to a powerful tribe among the Arabs, but his father and mother had died before he was six years of age. He was then taken care of by his uncle, who was so poor that Mohammed was obliged to hire out as a shepherd boy, and do work that was usually done by slaves. When he was thirteen years old his uncle took him with a caravan to Damascus and other towns of Syria; and there the boy caught his first glimpses of the outside world. When he grew up he became manager for a wealthy widow who had many camels and sent out many caravans; and at last he won her love and respect, and she became his wife. When Mohammed established his new religion she became his first convert, and to the day of her death she was his most faithful friend and follower.

Mohammed had a dreamy and imaginative nature, and when he had become a man he thought much about religion. Every year he would go alone into the mountains near his home, and spend a month in fasting and prayer. At times he fell into a trance, and when he was restored he would tell of wonderful visions that his soul had seen while his body lay motionless on the earth.

When Mohammed was forty years old, a vision came to him of a mighty figure that called him by name and held an open book before him, saying, "Read!" Mohammed believed that this was the angel Gabriel, who came to him that he might establish a new religion, whose watchword should be:

"There is but one God, and Mohammed is his Prophet!" When he began to preach the new faith, Mohammed found few converts at first. At the end of three years he had only forty followers. His teachings angered those who had charge of the idols of the old religions, and Mohammed was obliged at last to flee from the holy city of Mecca. This was in the year 622 A.D., and to this day the followers of Mohammed count time from this date, as we do from the birth of Christ.

After this Mohammed gained followers more rapidly, and he began to preach that the new religion must be spread by the sword. Warriors now came flocking into his camp from all directions. Within ten years after the flight from Mecca, all the tribes of Arabia had become his followers, and the idols had everywhere been broken to pieces. Then the Mohammedans turned to other nations, and everywhere they demanded that the people should believe in Mohammed, or pay tribute. If these demands were refused, they were put to death.

Mohammed could neither read nor write, but his sayings were written down by his companions. In this way a whole chestful of the sayings of the Prophet was preserved, written on scraps of paper, or parchment, on dried palm leaves, and even on the broad, flat shoulder-bones of sheep. After Mohammed's death these sayings were gathered together and formed into a book; in this way arose the "Koran," which is the bible of the Mohammedans. Adam, Noah, Abraham, and Jesus were all recognized as prophets in the Koran; but Mohammed is regarded as the latest and greatest of all. The Koran teaches that those who believe in Mohammed, and live just lives, shall enter Paradise when they die. They will there dwell in beautiful gardens, where they shall never be burned by the rays of the sun, nor chilled by wintry winds; and there under flowering trees they shall recline forever, clad in silks and brocades, and fed by delicious fruits, which beautiful black-eyed maidens bring to them. To win Paradise the Mohammedan must follow certain rules. Five times a day he must pray with his face turned in the direction of the holy city Mecca; he must not gamble or drink wine; and during the holy month, when Mohammed fasted, he too must fast and pray. But the surest way to gain Paradise and all its joys, was to die in battle fighting for the Mohammedan faith. This teaching helps to explain why the Christians found the Mohammedans such fierce and reckless fighters.

Within a hundred years after the death of Mohammed, his followers had won an empire which stretched from the Himalayan Mountains to the Red Sea, and from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. All of Southwestern Asia, and all of Northern Africa, were under their rule; and they were preparing to add Spain also, and perhaps all Europe, to the lands where the "call to prayer" was chanted. In the year 711 A.D., a Mohammedan general named Tarik led the first army of Moors and Arabs across from Africa to Spain. Near where he landed was a huge mountain of rock, on which he built a fortress or castle; and from this name it is still called "Gible-Tarik," or Gibraltar, the mountain of Tarik. Spain at this time was ruled by the West-Goths; but they were weakened by quarrels, and idleness, and were not able to resist the fierce Moors. Near a little river in Southern Spain the great battle was fought. For seven days the Christian Goths, under their King, Rodrigo, fought against the Mohammedan army; but still the battle was undecided. On the eighth day the Christians fled from the field, and Spain was left in the hands of the Mohammedans.

Long after that day an old Spanish poet sang of that battle in words like these:

"The hosts of Don Rodrigo were scattered in dismay, When lost was the eight battle, nor heart nor hope had they; He, when he saw that field was lost, and all his hope was flown, He turned him from his flying host, and took his way alone. "All stained and strewed with dust and blood, like to some smouldering brand Plucked from the flame, Rodrigo showed; his sword was in his hand, But it was hacked into a saw of dark and purple tint: His jeweled mail had many a flaw, his helmet many a dint. "He climbed into a hill-top, the highest he could see, Thence all about of that wide rout his last long look took he; He saw his royal banners, where they lay drenched and torn, He heard the cry of victory, the Arab's shout of scorn. "He looked for the brave captains that led the hosts of Spain, But all were fled except the dead, and who could count the slain? Where'er his eye could wander, all bloody was the plain, And while thus he said, the tears he shed ran down his cheeks like rain: " 'Last night I was the King of Spain—to-day no king am I; Last night fair castles held my train—to-night where shall I lie? Last night a hundred pages did serve me on the knee— To-night not one I call my own—not one pertains to me.' This battle destroyed the power of the West-Goths. It also marks the beginning of the rule of the Moors in Spain, which was to last until the time of Queen Isabella and Columbus.

The ease with which the Moors conquered Spain made them think it would be an easy thing to conquer Gaul also. So within a few years we find their armies crossing the Pyrenees to carry war into that land. But here they met the Franks, and that people was not so easy to overcome as the Goths had been.

You have already seen how Clovis built up a strong kingdom in Gaul and Germany; and then how the power slipped away from the hands of his descendants, until they became mere "do-nothing" kings. The real power was now in the hands of the great nobles who acted as the King's ministers. The chief of these was called the "Mayor of the Palace"; and at the time when the Moors came into Spain this office was handed down from father to son in a powerful family, which possessed rich estates in the Rhine valley, and could command a multitude of warlike followers. Three years after the Moors had crossed over into Spain, the old Mayor of the Palace died, and the office passed to his son Charles. This was a serious time for the kingdom of the Franks. Civil wars now broke out anew among the nobles; the Saxons from Germany broke into the kingdom from the North; and the Moors were pressing up from Spain into the very heart of France. The young Mayor of the Palace, however, proved equal to the occasion. The civil wars were brought to an end, and all the Frankish lands were brought under his rule. The heathen Saxons were driven back to their own country. Then, gathering an army from the whole kingdom, Charles marched, in the year 732, into Southern France to meet the Moors.

He found their army near the city of Tours, laden with the booty which they had taken. The Moors expected another victory as great as the one which had given them Spain; but they found their match in Charles and his Franks. All day long the battle raged. Twenty times the light-armed Moors, on their fleet horses, dashed into the ranks of the heavy-armed Franks; but each time Charles and his men stood firm, like a wall, and the enemy had to retreat. At last the Moors gave up the attempt; and when day dawned next morning the Franks found that they had slipped off in the night, leaving behind them their tents and all their rich booty.

This battle forever put an end to the conquests of the Moors in France. It was this battle also, perhaps, that gave Charles his second name, "Martel," or "the Hammer"; for, as an old writer tells us, "like a hammer breaks and dashes to pieces iron and steel, so Charles broke and dashed to pieces his enemies." At all events, the fame which Charles Martel won by his actions, and the ability which he showed as a ruler, enabled him to leave his power to his two sons when he died. Again there was a war between the Mayors of the Palace and the nobles who ruled over portions of the kingdom, but again the Mayors of the Palace won. Then, when quiet was restored once more, the elder of the two sons of Charles gave over his power to his brother Pippin, and entered a monastery, in order that he might spend the rest of his years in the holy life of a monk.

This left Pippin as the sole Mayor of the Palace. There was still a Merovingian prince who sat on the throne, but he was a "do-nothing" king, as so many had been before him; and he only said the words that he was told, and did the things that were given him to do. Of course this could not go on forever. Every one was getting tired of it; and at last Pippin felt that the time had come when he might safely take the title of king. First, messengers were sent to the Pope to ask his opinion. The Pope was now eager to get the aid of the Franks against the Lombards in Italy; so he answered in the way that he knew would please Pippin.

"It is better," he said, "to give the title King to the person who actually has the power." Then the weak Merovingian King was put off the throne and shut out of sight in a monastery; and Pippin was anointed with the sacred oil, and crowned King in his place. As long as he lived he ruled as a strong and just king. When he died, the crown went to his children, and after them to his children's children. In this way the crown of the Franks continued in the family of Pippin for more than two hundred years.

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07. Franks and Mohammedans ||穆斯林 Franklar||Muhammedanlar ||muçulmanos 07. الفرنجة والمسلمون 07. Franken und Mohammedaner 07. Francos y mahometanos 07. Francs et mahométans 07. Franchi e Maomettani 07.フランク人とモハメッド人 07. Francos e Maometanos 07. Франки и магометане 07. Frenkler ve Müslümanlar 07. Франки та магометани 07.法兰克人和穆罕默德人 07. 法蘭克人和伊斯蘭教徒

While the descendants of Clovis were struggling with one another for his kingdom, and while the Church was gaining in wealth and in power, a danger was arising in the East that was to threaten both with ruin. ||||||||||||||||||||riches|||||||coming into existence|||||||||| ||torunları||Clovis'in||mücadele eder||||||||||||zenginleşirken|||||||||ortaya çıkıyordu|||||||tehdit etmek||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||загрожувати||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||surgindo|||||||ameaçar||| بينما كان أحفاد كلوفيس يتصارعون مع بعضهم البعض من أجل مملكته، وبينما كانت الكنيسة تكتسب ثروة وقوة، كان ينشأ خطر في الشرق كان يهدد كليهما بالخراب. Enquanto os descendentes de Clóvis lutavam entre si pelo seu reino, e enquanto a Igreja ganhava riqueza e poder, surgia no Oriente um perigo que ameaçava ambos com a ruína.

This danger was caused by the rise of a new religion among the Arabs. |||||||||||||people of Arabia |||kaynaklandı|||||||||| |||||||||||||os árabes وكان سبب هذا الخطر ظهور دين جديد بين العرب. Arabia is a desert land for the most part; and the people gained their living by wandering with their camels and herds from oasis to oasis, or else by carrying on trade between India and the West, by means of caravans across the deserts. 阿拉伯||||||||||||||生计|||||||||绿洲|||或者||||||||||||||商队||| the Arabian Peninsula|||arid region|||||||||||||roaming|||||groups of animals||fertile area||||||||commerce or exchange|||||||||trading groups||| |||çöl|toprak||||||||geçimini sağladı||||dolaşarak|||||sürüleri||vaha|||||||||||||||||kervanlar|||çöller ||||||||||||||||блукаючи|||||стадо||оаза|||||||||||||||||||| Arábia|||deserto||||||||||||||||os camelos||||oásis|||||||||||||||||as caravanas|||desertos الجزيرة العربية هي أرض صحراوية في معظمها. وكان الناس يكسبون رزقهم من خلال التجول مع جمالهم وقطعانهم من واحة إلى واحة، أو من خلال مواصلة التجارة بين الهند والغرب، عن طريق القوافل عبر الصحاري. The people themselves were like grown-up children in many ways. ||||像|||||许多| |||||büyümüş||||| كان الناس أنفسهم مثل الأطفال البالغين في نواحٍ عديدة. They had poetic minds, and impulsive and generous hearts; but they were ignorant and superstitious, and often very cruel. |||头脑||||||||||||||| ||imaginative|||spontaneous|||kind natures||||||irrationally fearful|||| ||şairane|||düşüncesiz||cömert|||||cehalet içinde||batıl inançlı|||| ||||||||||||||суеверні|||| ||||||||corações generosos||||||supersticiosos||||cruelmente كان لديهم عقول شعرية، وقلوب متهورة وسخية. لكنهم كانوا جهلاء ومؤمنين بالخرافات، وغالبًا ما كانوا قساة جدًا. Up to this time they had never been united under one government, nor had they all believed in the same religion. وحتى ذلك الوقت لم يكونوا متحدين تحت حكومة واحدة، ولم يكونوا جميعاً يؤمنون بنفس الدين. Some tribes worshiped the stars of heaven, others worshiped "fetiches" of sticks and stones and others believed in gods or demons called "genii." ||||celestial bodies||the sky|||idols|||||||||||evil spirits||spirits or deities |||||||||fetiches|||||||||||demônios|| |kabileler|tapınırdı||||gökyüzünün|||putlar||çubuklar|||||||tanrılar||||cinler ||||星星|||||图腾|||||||||||||精灵 |||||||||фетиші|||||||||||||генії |||||||||呪物||||||||||||| وكانت بعض القبائل تعبد نجوم السماء، والبعض الآخر يعبد "الأوثان" من العصي والحجارة، ويؤمن آخرون بآلهة أو شياطين تسمى "الجني". Algumas tribos adoravam as estrelas do céu, outras adoravam "fetiches" de paus e pedras e outras acreditavam em deuses ou demónios chamados "genii". If you have read the story of Aladdin and his wonderful lamp, in the "Arabian Nights," you will know what the "genii" were like. ||||the|||阿拉丁||||灯|||||||||||| |||||||Aladdin's lamp|||||||Arabian Nights||||||||| |||||||Alaaddin|||||||||||||||| إذا كنت قد قرأت قصة علاء الدين ومصباحه الرائع في "ألف ليلة وليلة"، فسوف تعرف كيف كان شكل "الجني". Arabia is so near Palestine that it will not surprise you to hear that the Arabs had also learned something of the religion of the Jews, and of the Christians. ||||the Holy Land|||||||||||||||||||||Jewish people|||| ||||Filistin||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||Палестина||||||||||||||||||||||||| إن شبه الجزيرة العربية قريبة جدًا من فلسطين بحيث لن يفاجئك أن تسمع أن العرب قد تعلموا أيضًا شيئًا من دين اليهود والمسيحيين. But until the seventh century after Christ, the Arabs remained, in spite of this, a rude and idolatrous people, without any faith or government which all acknowledged. |||||||||||||||||idol-worshipping|||||||||recognized or accepted |||||||||||||||||idólatra||||||||| |||yedinci|||Mesih|||kaldılar||buna rağmen||||||putperest|||||||||kabul edilen |||||||||||||||||偶像崇拜的||||||||所有人| |||||||||||незважаючи на||||||язичницький||||||||| |||||||||||||||||偶像崇拝の||||||||| ولكن حتى القرن السابع بعد المسيح ظل العرب، رغم ذلك، شعباً فظاً وثنياً، بلا أي دين أو حكومة يعترف بها الجميع. But until the seventh century after Christ, the Arabs remained, in spite of this, a rude and idolatrous people, without any faith or government which all acknowledged.

In the seventh century came a change. ||||来||变化 وفي القرن السابع حدث تغيير. The Arabs then became a united people, under one government, and with one religion. |Arab people|||||||||||| |||||||||governo|||| وأصبح العرب بعد ذلك شعباً موحداً، تحت حكومة واحدة، ودين واحد. And under the influence of this religion they came out from their deserts and conquered vast empires to the East and to the West, until it seemed as though the whole of the known world was to pass into their hands. ||||||||出现|||||||||||||||||它||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||large or extensive|large territories|||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||büyük|||||||||||||sanki|||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||доки||здавалося|||||||||||||| وبتأثير هذا الدين خرجوا من صحاريهم وفتحوا إمبراطوريات واسعة في الشرق والغرب، حتى بدا وكأن العالم المعروف كله سينتقل إلى أيديهم.

The man who brought about this change was named Mohammed. |||||||||穆罕默德 |||||||||the change-maker |||||||||Mohammed والرجل الذي أحدث هذا التغيير كان اسمه محمد. He belonged to a powerful tribe among the Arabs, but his father and mother had died before he was six years of age. |ait idi||||||||||||||||||||| كان ينتمي إلى قبيلة قوية من العرب، لكن والده وأمه توفيا قبل أن يبلغ السادسة من عمره. He was then taken care of by his uncle, who was so poor that Mohammed was obliged to hire out as a shepherd boy, and do work that was usually done by slaves. ||||||||||||||||forced to||work for pay|||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||zorunda kaldı||çalıştırmak||||çoban||||||||||köleler ||||||||||||||||obrigado||alugar-se|||||||||||||| ثم تم رعايته من قبل عمه، الذي كان فقيرًا جدًا لدرجة أن محمد اضطر إلى استئجاره كصبي راعي، والقيام بالأعمال التي عادة ما يقوم بها العبيد. Foi então cuidado pelo seu tio, que era tão pobre que Maomé foi obrigado a trabalhar como pastor e a fazer trabalhos que normalmente eram feitos por escravos. When he was thirteen years old his uncle took him with a caravan to Damascus and other towns of Syria; and there the boy caught his first glimpses of the outside world. ||||||||||||大篷车||||||||||||||第一次|瞥见|||| ||||||||||||||Syrian capital|||||the Levant|||||got|||first views|||| ||||||||||||kervan||Şam|||||||||||||ilk görüntüler|||| |||||||||||||||||||Síria||||||||vislumbres|||| ||||||||||||||Дамаск|||||||||||||погляди|||| ولما بلغ الثالثة عشرة من عمره اصطحبه عمه في قافلة إلى دمشق وغيرها من مدن سوريا؛ وهناك ألقى الصبي لمحاته الأولى عن العالم الخارجي. When he grew up he became manager for a wealthy widow who had many camels and sent out many caravans; and at last he won her love and respect, and she became his wife. ||||||||||寡妇|||||||||||||||她|||||||| ||||||||||unmarried woman|||||||||trading expeditions|||||||||||||| ||||||||||dul kadın||||||||||||||||||||||| ولما كبر أصبح مديراً لأرملة ثرية كانت لها إبل كثيرة، وكانت ترسل قوافل كثيرة؛ وأخيراً نال حبها واحترامها، وأصبحت زوجته. When Mohammed established his new religion she became his first convert, and to the day of her death she was his most faithful friend and follower. ||founded||||||||new believer||||||||||||||| ||||||||||mürid||||||||||||sadık|||öğrenci ||||||||||перетворити||||||||||||||| عندما أسس محمد دينه الجديد أصبحت أول من اعتنق الإسلام، وحتى يوم وفاتها كانت من أخلص أصدقائه وأتباعه.

Mohammed had a dreamy and imaginative nature, and when he had become a man he thought much about religion. |||梦幻般的||||||||||||思考||| |||fantasy-prone||creative and visionary||||||||||||| |||hayalperest||hayalperest||||||||||||| |||sonhadora||imaginativa|||||tinha|||||||| كان لمحمد طبيعة حالمة وخيالية، وعندما أصبح رجلاً فكر كثيرًا في الدين. Every year he would go alone into the mountains near his home, and spend a month in fasting and prayer. ||||去||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||abstaining from food|| |||||||||||||||||||dua |||||||||||||||||jejum|| وكان يذهب كل عام وحده إلى الجبال القريبة من منزله، ويقضي شهرًا في الصيام والصلاة. At times he fell into a trance, and when he was restored he would tell of wonderful visions that his soul had seen while his body lay motionless on the earth. ||他||||恍惚状态|||||||||||||||||||||静止不动||| ||||||dazed state|||||brought back||||||imaginary scenes||||||||||||| ||||||transa|||||kendine geldi||||||görüler||||||||||hareketsiz||| ||||||transe|||||||||||||||||||||imóvel||| وكان أحيانًا يدخل في غيبوبة، وعندما يتعافى كان يروي رؤى رائعة رأتها روحه بينما كان جسده راقدًا بلا حراك على الأرض. At times he fell into a trance, and when he was restored he would tell of wonderful visions that his soul had seen while his body lay motionless on the earth.

When Mohammed was forty years old, a vision came to him of a mighty figure that called him by name and held an open book before him, saying, "Read!" |||||老|一个|||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||divine revelation||||||powerful||||||||||||||| |||||||vizyon||||||güçlü||||||||||||||| ولما بلغ محمد الأربعين من عمره، أتته رؤيا بشخص عظيم يناديه باسمه ويحمل بين يديه كتابًا مفتوحًا ويقول: "اقرأ!" Mohammed believed that this was the angel Gabriel, who came to him that he might establish a new religion, whose watchword should be: ||||||||||||||||||||口号|| ||||||divine messenger|Angel of revelation|||||||||||||guiding principle|| ||||||melek|Cebrail|||||||||||||şiarı|| ||||||||||||||||||||девіз|| ||||||anjo|Gabriel|||||||pudesse estabelecer||||||palavra de ordem|| اعتقد محمد أن هذا هو الملاك جبريل الذي جاءه ليقيم ديناً جديداً يكون شعاره:

"There is but one God, and Mohammed is his Prophet!" ||但||||||| |||||||||divine messenger "لا يوجد إلا إله واحد، ومحمد رسول الله!" "Só existe um Deus, e Maomé é o seu Profeta!" When he began to preach the new faith, Mohammed found few converts at first. |||||||||||new followers|| ||||vaaz vermek|||||||dönüştürenler|| ||||pregar||||||||| عندما بدأ محمد بالتبشير بالدين الجديد، لم يجد سوى عدد قليل من المتحولين في البداية. At the end of three years he had only forty followers. وفي نهاية ثلاث سنوات لم يكن لديه سوى أربعين تابعًا. His teachings angered those who had charge of the idols of the old religions, and Mohammed was obliged at last to flee from the holy city of Mecca. |||||||的||偶像|||||||是||||||||||| ||made angry|||||||sacred images||||belief systems||||forced to leave||||escape from Mecca||||||holy city ||öfkelendirdi|||||||||||eski dinlerin||||zorunda kaldı||||kaçmak zorunda kald|||kutsal||| ||irritaram|||||||os ídolos|||||||||||||||||| أثارت تعاليمه غضب القائمين على أصنام الديانات القديمة، واضطر محمد أخيرًا إلى الفرار من مدينة مكة المقدسة. 彼の教えは古い宗教の偶像を担当していた人々を怒らせ、モハメッドはついに聖地メッカから逃げることを余儀なくされました。 This was in the year 622 A.D., and to this day the followers of Mohammed count time from this date, as we do from the birth of Christ. |||||||||||||||measure|||||||||||| وكان ذلك في سنة 622م، وإلى يومنا هذا يحسب أتباع محمد الزمن من هذا التاريخ، كما نفعل نحن من ميلاد المسيح.

After this Mohammed gained followers more rapidly, and he began to preach that the new religion must be spread by the sword. ||||||hızla|||||vaaz etmek|||||||yayılmalı||| Depois de||||||||||||||||||||| بعد ذلك اكتسب محمد أتباعًا بسرعة أكبر، وبدأ يبشر بأن الدين الجديد يجب أن ينتشر بالسيف. Warriors now came flocking into his camp from all directions. |||gathering in groups|||||| |||toplanarak||||||yönlerden |||afluindo em massa|||||| |||збиратися|||||| جاء المحاربون الآن يتدفقون إلى معسكره من جميع الاتجاهات. Os guerreiros chegavam agora ao seu acampamento vindos de todas as direcções. Within ten years after the flight from Mecca, all the tribes of Arabia had become his followers, and the idols had everywhere been broken to pieces. |||||escape from Mecca||||||||||||||religious statues|||||| |||||fuga|||||||||||||||||||| وفي غضون عشر سنوات بعد الهروب من مكة، أصبحت جميع قبائل الجزيرة العربية من أتباعه، وتحطمت الأصنام في كل مكان. Then the Mohammedans turned to other nations, and everywhere they demanded that the people should believe in Mohammed, or pay tribute. ||||||milletler||||talep ettiler||||||||||vergi ||os muçulman||||||||||||||||||tributo ثم تحول المسلمون إلى الأمم الأخرى، وفي كل مكان طالبوا الناس أن يؤمنوا بمحمد، أو يدفعوا الجزية. Depois, os maometanos voltaram-se para outras nações e, em todo o lado, exigiram que o povo acreditasse em Maomé ou pagasse tributo. If these demands were refused, they were put to death. وإذا تم رفض هذه المطالب، فسيتم إعدامهم. Se estas exigências fossem recusadas, eram condenados à morte.

Mohammed could neither read nor write, but his sayings were written down by his companions. ||||||||spoken words|||||| ||||||||||||||arkadaşları ||||||||||||||companheiros لم يكن محمد يعرف القراءة ولا الكتابة، ولكن أقواله كانت مكتوبة من قبل أصحابه. In this way a whole chestful of the sayings of the Prophet was preserved, written on scraps of paper, or parchment, on dried palm leaves, and even on the broad, flat shoulder-bones of sheep. |||||large collection||||||||kept safe|||small pieces||||animal skin paper|||||||||wide, expansive||||| |||||um baú cheio||||||Profeta|||||pedaços||||pergaminho||secos|palmeiras secas||||||||escápulas largas|||ovelhas |||||sandık dolusu||||||||korundu|||parçalar||||||kurutulmuş|palmiye||||||geniş|||||koyun |||||满箱||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||||скриня повна|||||||||||обрізках|||||||||||||||||| |||||胸いっぱいの||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| وبهذه الطريقة تم حفظ صندوق كامل من أحاديث النبي، مكتوبًا على قصاصات من الورق أو الرق، على سعف النخيل المجفف، وحتى على عظام الكتف العريضة المسطحة للغنم. After Mohammed's death these sayings were gathered together and formed into a book; in this way arose the "Koran," which is the bible of the Mohammedans. |穆罕默德的|||||||||||||||||||||||| |Mohammed's|||||||||||||||||Quran||||||| |Muhammed'in|||||||||||||||oluştu||Kuran||||Kuran||| |Мухаммеда|||||||||||||||||||||||| بعد وفاة محمد، تم جمع هذه الأقوال معًا وتشكيلها في كتاب. وبهذه الطريقة ظهر "القرآن"، وهو كتاب المسلمين المقدس. モハメッドの死後、これらのことわざは集められて本になりました。このようにして、モハメッド人の聖書である「コーラン」が生まれました。 Adam, Noah, Abraham, and Jesus were all recognized as prophets in the Koran; but Mohammed is regarded as the latest and greatest of all. |||||||||先知|||||||||的||||| first human prophet|biblical flood survivor|Biblical patriarch|||||acknowledged as prophets||divine messengers|||||||considered to be||||||| ||||||||||||||||kabul edilir||||||| ||||||||||||||||considerado||||||| |||||||||пророки|||||||||||||| لقد تم الاعتراف بآدم ونوح وإبراهيم وعيسى على أنهم أنبياء في القرآن؛ لكن محمد يعتبر الأحدث والأعظم على الإطلاق. The Koran teaches that those who believe in Mohammed, and live just lives, shall enter Paradise when they die. ||||||||||过着|||||||| ||instructs||||||||||||gain access to|heavenly afterlife||| يعلمنا القرآن أن أولئك الذين يؤمنون بمحمد، ويعيشون حياة عادلة، سيدخلون الجنة عندما يموتون. They will there dwell in beautiful gardens, where they shall never be burned by the rays of the sun, nor chilled by wintry winds; and there under flowering trees they shall recline forever, clad in silks and brocades, and fed by delicious fruits, which beautiful black-eyed maidens bring to them. |||reside permanently||||||||||||sunlight|||||made cold||cold wintery|||||blooming||||lie down||dressed in||luxurious fabrics||ornate fabrics|||||Sweet produce|||||young women||| ||||||||||||queimados||||||||refrescados pelos vent||ventos invernais|||||||||||vestidos com||||||||||||||donzelas de olhos||| |||yaşayacaklar|||||||||yakılacak|||ışınlar|||||soğuk rüz||kış rüzg|||||||||yatacaklar||ipekler içinde||ipekler||brokarlar|||||||||siyah gözlü|güzel siyah||| ||||||||||||||||||||||寒冷的|||||||||躺||||||锦缎||||||||||美丽少女||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||лежати||||||брокати||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||横たわる||||||||||||||||||| سيسكنون هناك في حدائق جميلة، حيث لن تحرقهم أشعة الشمس أبدًا، ولا تبردهم الرياح الشتوية؛ وهناك تحت الأشجار المزهرة سوف يتكئون إلى الأبد، يرتدون الحرير والمطرز، ويتغذىون على الفواكه اللذيذة، التي تجلبها لهم العذارى الجميلات ذوات العيون السوداء. Там они поселятся в прекрасных садах, где их никогда не сожгут солнечные лучи и не охладят ветра; там под цветущими деревьями они будут вечно лежать, облаченные в шелка и парчу, питаясь вкусными плодами, которые им принесут прекрасные черноглазые девы. To win Paradise the Mohammedan must follow certain rules. ||||穆斯林|||| ||heavenly reward||Muslim or Islamic|||| ||||Müslüman|||belirli| ||||muçulmano|||| للفوز بالجنة يجب على المحمدي أن يتبع قواعد معينة. Five times a day he must pray with his face turned in the direction of the holy city Mecca; he must not gamble or drink wine; and during the holy month, when Mohammed fasted, he too must fast and pray. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||禁食|||||| ||||||||||||||||||holy city Mecca||||take risks|||||||||||abstained from food||||abstain from food|| ||||||||||||||||||||||kumar oynamak||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||постив|||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||jogar apostas|||||||||||||||jejuar|| ويجب عليه أن يصلي خمس مرات في اليوم موجهاً وجهه نحو مكة المكرمة؛ ولا يقامر ولا يشرب الخمر. وفي الشهر الكريم، عندما يصوم محمد، عليه أيضًا أن يصوم ويصلي. But the surest way to gain Paradise and all its joys, was to die in battle fighting for the Mohammedan faith. ||||||||所有一切|||||||||||| ||most certain||||||||pleasures|||||||||| ||en kesin|||||||||||||||||| ||mais certa||||||||alegrias|||||||||| ||найнадійніший|||||||||||||||||| لكن الطريقة الأضمن للحصول على الجنة وكل أفراحها، هي الموت في المعركة من أجل العقيدة المحمدية. This teaching helps to explain why the Christians found the Mohammedans such fierce and reckless fighters. ||||||||||||||careless of danger| ||||||||buldu||||şiddetli||düşüncesiz| ||||||||||||||imprudentemente aud| ||||||||||||||безрозсудний| يساعد هذا التعليم في تفسير السبب الذي جعل المسيحيين يجدون المحمديين مقاتلين شرسين ومتهورين.

Within a hundred years after the death of Mohammed, his followers had won an empire which stretched from the Himalayan Mountains to the Red Sea, and from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. |||||||||||||||||||Himalaya Mountains|||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||uzanıyordu|||Himalaya|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||Himalaias|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||Гімалайські|||||||||||||| وفي غضون مائة عام من وفاة محمد، كان أتباعه قد فازوا بإمبراطورية امتدت من جبال الهيمالايا إلى البحر الأحمر، ومن البحر الأحمر إلى المحيط الأطلسي. All of Southwestern Asia, and all of Northern Africa, were under their rule; and they were preparing to add Spain also, and perhaps all Europe, to the lands where the "call to prayer" was chanted. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||吟唱 ||Southwest Asia||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||sung or recited ||Güneybatı||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||okunuyordu ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||era entoada ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||співали وكان كل جنوب غرب آسيا، وكل شمال أفريقيا، تحت حكمهم؛ وكانوا يستعدون لإضافة إسبانيا أيضًا، وربما أوروبا كلها، إلى الأراضي التي رفع فيها الأذان. All of Southwestern Asia, and all of Northern Africa, were under their rule; and they were preparing to add Spain also, and perhaps all Europe, to the lands where the "call to prayer" was chanted. Под их властью находились вся Юго-Западная Азия и вся Северная Африка; они готовились присоединить к землям, где звучал "призыв к молитве", Испанию, а возможно, и всю Европу. In the year 711 A.D., a Mohammedan general named Tarik led the first army of Moors and Arabs across from Africa to Spain. |||||||||塔里克||||||||||||| |||||||||General Tarik|||||||||over to|||| |||||||||Tarik||||||Müslüman||||||| في عام 711 م، قاد جنرال محمدي يُدعى طارق أول جيش من المغاربة والعرب عبر أفريقيا إلى إسبانيا. Near where he landed was a huge mountain of rock, on which he built a fortress or castle; and from this name it is still called "Gible-Tarik," or Gibraltar, the mountain of Tarik. ||||||||||||||||||||||||||吉布尔||||||| |||touched down||||||||||||stronghold|||||||||||Mountain of Tarik|||Mountain of Tarik|||| |||||||||||||||kale|||||||||||Gible|||Cebelitarık|||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||Гібл||||||| |||aterrissou||||||||||||fortaleza ou castelo|||||||||||||||||| بالقرب من المكان الذي هبط فيه كان هناك جبل ضخم من الصخور بنى عليه قلعة أو قلعة. ومن هذا الاسم ما زال يسمى "جبل طارق" أو جبل طارق جبل طارق. Spain at this time was ruled by the West-Goths; but they were weakened by quarrels, and idleness, and were not able to resist the fierce Moors. |||||||||||||||||lack of activity||||||||| |||||||||Gotlar||||zayıflamış||tartışmalar||tembellik||||||karşı koymak||şiddetli| |||||||||||||||||inatividade||||||||| إسبانيا في ذلك الوقت كان يحكمها القوط الغربيون. لكنهم أضعفتهم المشاجرات والبطالة، ولم يتمكنوا من مقاومة المغاربة الشرسين. Near a little river in Southern Spain the great battle was fought. |||||Güney İsp|||||| |||||do sul||||batalha|| بالقرب من نهر صغير في جنوب إسبانيا دارت المعركة الكبرى. For seven days the Christian Goths, under their King, Rodrigo, fought against the Mohammedan army; but still the battle was undecided. |||||||||罗德里戈||||||||这|||未决 |||||||||King of Goths|||||||||||not determined yet |||||||||Rodrigo|||||||||||kararsız kalmış |||||||||Родріго||||||||||| وحارب القوط المسيحيون تحت قيادة ملكهم رودريجو الجيش الإسلامي لمدة سبعة أيام؛ لكن المعركة ما زالت مترددة. On the eighth day the Christians fled from the field, and Spain was left in the hands of the Mohammedans. ||8th||||ran away||||||||||||| ||sekizinci||||kaçtı|||sahadan|||||||||| وفي اليوم الثامن هرب المسيحيون من الميدان، وتركت إسبانيا في أيدي المسلمين.

Long after that day an old Spanish poet sang of that battle in words like these: 长的||||||||||||||| |||||||Spanish poet|||||||| وبعد ذلك اليوم بوقت طويل، غنى شاعر إسباني عجوز عن تلك المعركة بكلمات مثل هذه:

"The hosts of Don Rodrigo were scattered in dismay, When lost was the eight battle, nor heart nor hope had they; He, when he saw that field was lost, and all his hope was flown, He turned him from his flying host, and took his way alone. 那个||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||一切||希望|||||||||||||| |army|||||dispersed||shock and distress||||||||||||||||||||||||||disappeared|||||||||||| |ordusu||Don Rodrigo|||dağılmış||korku içinde||||||||||||||||||||||||||uçmuş|||||||ordu||||| ||||||dispersos||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||em fuga|||||| |гості||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| "كانت جيوش دون رودريجو مبعثرة في حالة من الفزع، عندما خسرت المعركة الثمانية، ولم يكن لديهم قلب ولا أمل؛ وعندما رأى ذلك الحقل قد ضاع، وتبدد كل أمله، حوله عن جيشه الطائر، وسلك طريقه وحده. "As hostes de D. Rodrigo se dispersaram em desalento, Quando perdida a oitava batalha, nem coração nem esperança tinham; Ele, quando viu que o campo estava perdido, e toda a sua esperança tinha voado, Afastou-se da sua hoste voadora, e tomou o seu caminho sozinho. "Войска дона Родриго в смятении разбежались, Когда проиграли восемь сражений, Ни сердца, ни надежды не имели они; Он же, увидев, что поле потеряно, И вся надежда его улетучилась, Отвернулся от летящего войска И пошел по дороге один. "All stained and strewed with dust and blood, like to some smouldering brand Plucked from the flame, Rodrigo showed; his sword was in his hand, But it was hacked into a saw of dark and purple tint: His jeweled mail had many a flaw, his helmet many a dint. |||撒满了||||||||炽热的||拔出||||||||||||||||||锯子|||||色调||镶嵌宝石的|||许多||||头盔|||凹痕 |discolored||Scattered with||||||||burning slowly||Taken out|||fire or blaze||||||||||||badly damaged||||||||shade of color||adorned with gems|||||imperfection||||| |lekeli||dağılmış||toz||||||koruyan|marka|Alevden alınmış|||ateş||||||||||||kesilmiş||||||||tonu||taşlı|||||kusur||miğfer|||çentik |||посипаний||||||||димлячий||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||дефект, тріщина|||||вм'ятина |manchado||espalhado|||||||||||||||||||||||||cortada||||||||tom|||||||defeito|||||amassado "كل شيء ملطخ ومتناثر بالغبار والدم، مثل بعض العلامات التجارية المشتعلة المنتزعة من اللهب، أظهر رودريجو؛ كان سيفه في يده، لكنه كان مثقوبًا في منشار ذي لون داكن وأرجواني: كان بريده المرصع بالجواهر به العديد من العيوب ، خوذته كثيرة. "All stained and strewed with dust and blood, like to some smouldering brand Plucked from the flame, Rodrigo showed; his sword was in his hand, But it was hacked into a saw of dark and purple tint: His jeweled mail had many a flaw, his helmet many a dint. "Todo manchado e coberto de poeira e sangue, como uma marca ardente arrancada da chama, Rodrigo mostrou; sua espada estava em sua mão, mas foi cortada em uma serra de tonalidade escura e roxa: Sua cota de malha de jóias tinha muitas falhas, seu elmo muitas marcas. "Весь в пыли и крови, как тлеющее клеймо, Вырванный из пламени, Родриго явился; меч был в руке, Но был изрублен в пилу темно-фиолетового цвета: В его украшенном драгоценностями доспехе было много изъянов, а на шлеме - много порезов. "He climbed into a hill-top, the highest he could see, Thence all about of that wide rout his last long look took he; He saw his royal banners, where they lay drenched and torn, He heard the cry of victory, the Arab's shout of scorn. |||||||||||||||||军队|||||||||||||||湿透||||||||||阿拉伯人的||| |||||||||||From there||||||disorderly crowd|||||||||||flags||||soaked||ripped or damaged||||||||Arab's scornful shout|||mocking contempt |||||||||||oradan|||||geniş|ordu|||||||||||sancakları||||sırılsıklam||||||||zafer||Arap'ın|||alay ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||encharcadas e||rasgadas e molhadas||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||військо, натовп|||||||||||||||промоклий||порваний||||||||арабський|||зневага "لقد صعد إلى قمة التل، وهو أعلى تل يمكن أن يراه، ومن هناك ألقى آخر نظره الطويلة حول ذلك المسار الواسع؛ ورأى أعلامه الملكية، حيث كانت مبللة وممزقة، وسمع صرخة النصر، صرخة استهزاء العرب. "He looked for the brave captains that led the hosts of Spain, But all were fled except the dead, and who could count the slain? ||||||||这|||||||||||||||| |||||||||armies||||||had run away||||||||| |||||kaptanlar|ki|||||||||kaçtı|||||||||öldürülenler "لقد بحث عن القادة الشجعان الذين قادوا جيوش إسبانيا، لكن الجميع فروا باستثناء الموتى، ومن يستطيع إحصاء القتلى؟ Where'er his eye could wander, all bloody was the plain, And while thus he said, the tears he shed ran down his cheeks like rain: 无论哪里|||||一切||||||||||||||||||| Wherever||||roam around aimlessly||covered in blood|||open field|||in this way||||||let fall|||||| nerede olursa olsun||||dolaşmak||kanlı|||düzlük|||bunu derken||||||döktü|||||| Де б не|||||||||||||||||||||||| أينما استطاعت عيناه أن تتجول، كان كل شيء دمويًا كان سهلًا، وبينما كان يقول هذا، سالت الدموع التي ذرفها على خديه مثل المطر: " 'Last night I was the King of Spain—to-day no king am I; Last night fair castles held my train—to-night where shall I lie? |||||||||||||||||||||||哪里||| |||||||||||||||||grand residences||||||||| ||||||||||||||||güzel||||||||||yatacağım ||||||||||||||||||||companhia|||||| ""الليلة الماضية كنت ملكًا لإسبانيا - اليوم لست ملكًا؛ الليلة الماضية أوقفت القلاع الجميلة قطاري - الليلة أين سأستلقي؟ Last night a hundred pages did serve me on the knee— To-night not one I call my own—not one pertains to me.' ||||页||||||||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||belongs to|| ||||||||||dizim|||||||||||ait|| |||||||||||||||||||||стосується|| ||||páginas||||||||||||||||||| الليلة الماضية خدمتني مائة صفحة على ركبتي – الليلة لا أعتبر أي واحدة منها ملكًا لي – ولا واحدة تخصني». This battle destroyed the power of the West-Goths. دمرت هذه المعركة قوة القوط الغربيين. It also marks the beginning of the rule of the Moors in Spain, which was to last until the time of Queen Isabella and Columbus. ||||||||||||||||||||||Queen Isabella I|| ||işaret eder||||||||||||||||||||Kraliçe Isabella|| كما أنه يمثل بداية حكم المغاربة في إسبانيا، والذي استمر حتى عهد الملكة إيزابيلا وكولومبوس.

The ease with which the Moors conquered Spain made them think it would be an easy thing to conquer Gaul also. 这个|||可以||||||||这||||||||| |Simplicity||||||||||||||||||| |kolaylık||||||||||||||||||Galya| |a facilidade||||||||||||||||||| إن السهولة التي غزا بها المغاربة إسبانيا جعلتهم يعتقدون أنه سيكون من السهل التغلب على بلاد الغال أيضًا. The ease with which the Moors conquered Spain made them think it would be an easy thing to conquer Gaul also. So within a few years we find their armies crossing the Pyrenees to carry war into that land. |||||||||||Pirene Dağları|||||| لذلك، في غضون سنوات قليلة، نجد جيوشهم تعبر جبال البيرينيه لشن الحرب في تلك الأرض. But here they met the Franks, and that people was not so easy to overcome as the Goths had been. ||||||||||||||üstesinden gelmek||||| لكن هنا التقوا بالفرنجة، ولم يكن من السهل التغلب على هؤلاء الناس كما كان الحال مع القوط.

You have already seen how Clovis built up a strong kingdom in Gaul and Germany; and then how the power slipped away from the hands of his descendants, until they became mere "do-nothing" kings. ||||||||||||||德国||||这个||||||||||||||做|| ||||||||||||||||||||was lost|||||||||||only, just, simply||| |||||Clovis|||||||||||||||kayboldu|||||||torunları|||haline geldiler|sadece||| لقد رأيت بالفعل كيف بنى كلوفيس مملكة قوية في بلاد الغال وألمانيا؛ ثم كيف تفلت السلطة من أيدي نسله، حتى أصبحوا مجرد ملوك لا يفعلون شيئًا. The real power was now in the hands of the great nobles who acted as the King's ministers. |||||||||||büyük soylular||hareket eden||||bakanları أصبحت السلطة الحقيقية الآن في أيدي النبلاء العظماء الذين عملوا كوزراء للملك. The chief of these was called the "Mayor of the Palace"; and at the time when the Moors came into Spain this office was handed down from father to son in a powerful family, which possessed rich estates in the Rhine valley, and could command a multitude of warlike followers. ||||||||||||||||||||||职务||||||||||||||||||||||||||好战的| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||large number||militant| |başlıca||||||sarayın başkanı|||saray||||||||||||makam|||||||||||||sahipti||mülkler||||vadi|||emretmek||birçok||savaşçı| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||безліч||| |||||||o prefeito|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||bélicos seguidores|seguidores bélicos وكان رئيسهم يسمى "عمدة القصر". وفي الوقت الذي جاء فيه المغاربة إلى إسبانيا، كان هذا المنصب ينتقل من الأب إلى الابن في عائلة قوية، كانت تمتلك عقارات غنية في وادي الراين، وكان بإمكانها قيادة عدد كبير من الأتباع المحاربين. Three years after the Moors had crossed over into Spain, the old Mayor of the Palace died, and the office passed to his son Charles. ||||||越过|||||||||||||||||| ||depois de||||||||||||||||||||||Carlos وبعد ثلاث سنوات من عبور المغاربة إلى إسبانيا، توفي عمدة القصر القديم، وانتقل المنصب إلى ابنه تشارلز. This was a serious time for the kingdom of the Franks. ||一个|||||||| |||||||||королівства франків| كان هذا وقتًا خطيرًا بالنسبة لمملكة الفرنجة. Civil wars now broke out anew among the nobles; the Saxons from Germany broke into the kingdom from the North; and the Moors were pressing up from Spain into the very heart of France. |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||的|||| |||||once again|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| sivil|||patlak verdi||yeniden|||soylular|||||patlak verdi|||||||||||ilerliyorlardı||||||||| |||||novamente|||||||||||||||||||||||||||| اندلعت الآن الحروب الأهلية من جديد بين النبلاء. اقتحم الساكسونيون من ألمانيا المملكة من الشمال؛ وكان المغاربة يتقدمون من إسبانيا إلى قلب فرنسا. The young Mayor of the Palace, however, proved equal to the occasion. |||||||||||challenge or event ||sarayın genç beled|||||gösterdi|olduğunu gösterdi||| لكن عمدة القصر الشاب أثبت أنه على مستوى هذه المناسبة. The civil wars were brought to an end, and all the Frankish lands were brought under his rule. |||过去式动词|||||||||||||| |||||||||||Frankish|||||| تم وضع حد للحروب الأهلية، وتم وضع جميع أراضي الفرنجة تحت حكمه. The heathen Saxons were driven back to their own country. |non-Christian|||||||| |putperest|||geri sürüldü||||| |異教徒|||||||| |os pagãos|||||||| تم طرد الساكسونيين الوثنيين إلى بلادهم. Then, gathering an army from the whole kingdom, Charles marched, in the year 732, into Southern France to meet the Moors. |||||||||||这个|||||||| |toplayarak||||||||ilerledi|||||Güney Fransas||||| |reunindo|||||||||||||||||| بعد ذلك، جمع تشارلز جيشًا من المملكة بأكملها، وسار في عام 732 إلى جنوب فرنسا لمقابلة المغاربة.

He found their army near the city of Tours, laden with the booty which they had taken. ||||||||a French city|loaded with||||||| |||||||||yağma ile dol|||ganimet|||| |||||||||carregado com||||||| فوجد جيشهم بالقرب من مدينة تورز محملاً بالغنائم التي أخذوها. The Moors expected another victory as great as the one which had given them Spain; but they found their match in Charles and his Franks. وتوقع المغاربة نصرًا آخر عظيمًا مثل ذلك الذي منحتهم إسبانيا؛ لكنهم وجدوا نظيرهم في تشارلز وفرانكسه. All day long the battle raged. |||这|| |||||was intense |||||sürdü |||||se desenrolou استمرت المعركة طوال اليوم. Twenty times the light-armed Moors, on their fleet horses, dashed into the ranks of the heavy-armed Franks; but each time Charles and his men stood firm, like a wall, and the enemy had to retreat. ||||||||舰队||||这||||||||||||||||像|||||||| ||||||||swift-moving||charged into||||||||||||||||||||||||||fall back ||||||||atlı||şarj etti|||saflara||||||||||||||sağlam|||duvar gibi||||||geri çekilmek ||||||||||lançaram-se||||||||||||||||||||||||||retirar-se عشرين مرة، اندفع المغاربة المسلحون بأسلحة خفيفة، على متن خيولهم الأسطولية، إلى صفوف الفرنجة المدججين بالسلاح؛ ولكن في كل مرة كان تشارلز ورجاله يقفون صامدين مثل الجدار، وكان على العدو أن يتراجع. At last the Moors gave up the attempt; and when day dawned next morning the Franks found that they had slipped off in the night, leaving behind them their tents and all their rich booty. |||||||effort||||broke, began, started|||||||||departed quietly|||||||||temporary shelters||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||as tendas||||| |||||||girişim||||şafak sökt|||||||||kaçıp gitmişler|||||||||||||değerli ganimet|ganimet |||||||||当||破晓||||||||||||||||他们||||||| |||||||спробу||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||戦利品 أخيرًا تخلى المغاربة عن محاولتهم؛ ولما طلع النهار في صباح اليوم التالي وجد الإفرنج أنهم قد انسلوا في الليل تاركين وراءهم خيامهم وكل غنائمهم الغنية.

This battle forever put an end to the conquests of the Moors in France. ||||||||fetihler||||| وضعت هذه المعركة حدًا إلى الأبد لغزوات المغاربة في فرنسا. It was this battle also, perhaps, that gave Charles his second name, "Martel," or "the Hammer"; for, as an old writer tells us, "like a hammer breaks and dashes to pieces iron and steel, so Charles broke and dashed to pieces his enemies." ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||击碎||||||||||冲击|||| ||||||||||||The Hammer||||||||||||||||shatters|||||strong metal alloy||||||||| ||||||||||||Mızrak|||Çekiç|||||||||||kırar||parçalar|||||çelik||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||despedaça|||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||розбиває і розбиває|||||||||||||| وربما كانت هذه المعركة أيضًا هي التي أعطت تشارلز اسمه الثاني، "مارتل" أو "المطرقة". لأنه، كما يخبرنا كاتب قديم، "مثل المطرقة التي تنكسر وتحطم الحديد والفولاذ، هكذا كسر تشارلز أعداءه وحطمهم إربًا". At all events, the fame which Charles Martel won by his actions, and the ability which he showed as a ruler, enabled him to leave his power to his two sons when he died. ||||renown|||||||||||||||||allowed|||||||||||| Her halükarda||||şan||||||||||||||||hükümdar|ona bıraktı|||||||||||| على أية حال، فإن الشهرة التي نالها تشارلز مارتل بأفعاله، والقدرة التي أظهرها كحاكم، مكنته من ترك سلطته لابنيه عند وفاته. Again there was a war between the Mayors of the Palace and the nobles who ruled over portions of the kingdom, but again the Mayors of the Palace won. |||||||chief palace officials||||||||||||||||||||| |||||||sarayın başkan||||||soylular||||bölümler||||||||||| |||||||os prefeitos|||||||||||||||||os prefeitos|||| |||||||Мери||||||||||||||||||||| مرة أخرى اندلعت حرب بين عمداء القصر والنبلاء الذين حكموا أجزاء من المملكة، ولكن مرة أخرى انتصر عمداء القصر. Then, when quiet was restored once more, the elder of the two sons of Charles gave over his power to his brother Pippin, and entered a monastery, in order that he might spend the rest of his years in the holy life of a monk. ||||||||||||||||||||||皮平|||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||older||||||||||||||younger brother||||religious community|||||||||||||||||| ||||yeniden sağlandı||||büyük||||||||||||||Pippin||||||||||||||||||||||rahip ||||||||||||||||||||||Піпін|||||||||||||||||||||| ||silêncio||||||||||||||||||||Pipino||||monastério|||||||||||||||||| بعد ذلك، عندما عاد الهدوء مرة أخرى، سلم كبير ابني تشارلز سلطته لأخيه بيبين، ودخل أحد الدير، حتى يتمكن من قضاء بقية سنواته في حياة الراهب المقدسة.

This left Pippin as the sole Mayor of the Palace. |||||tek|||| ||Pippin||||||| ترك هذا بيبين بصفته العمدة الوحيد للقصر. There was still a Merovingian prince who sat on the throne, but he was a "do-nothing" king, as so many had been before him; and he only said the words that he was told, and did the things that were given him to do. ||||Merovenj prensi|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||trono|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| كان لا يزال هناك أمير ميروفينجي يجلس على العرش، لكنه كان ملكًا "لا يفعل شيئًا"، كما كان كثيرون قبله؛ ولم يقل إلا الكلمات التي قيل له، وفعل ما أُعطي له أن يفعله. Of course this could not go on forever. بالطبع لا يمكن أن يستمر هذا إلى الأبد. Every one was getting tired of it; and at last Pippin felt that the time had come when he might safely take the title of king. |||||||||||||这个||||||||接受|||| ||||||||||Pippin||||||||||||||| كان الجميع يتعبون منه؛ وأخيرا شعر بيبين أن الوقت قد حان حيث يمكنه أن يأخذ لقب الملك بأمان. First, messengers were sent to the Pope to ask his opinion. |haberci|||||Papa||||görüşünü أولاً، تم إرسال رسل إلى البابا ليسألوه عن رأيه. The Pope was now eager to get the aid of the Franks against the Lombards in Italy; so he answered in the way that he knew would please Pippin. ||||||获得||||||||||||||||||||将会|请| ||||keen||||assistance|||||||||||||||||||| ||||istekli||||yardım||||||Lombardlar|||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||Pipino وكان البابا الآن حريصاً على الحصول على مساعدة الفرنجة ضد اللومبارد في إيطاليا؛ ولذلك أجاب بالطريقة التي كان يعلم أنها ستسعد بيبين.

"It is better," he said, "to give the title King to the person who actually has the power." ||||||||||||||de fato||| وقال: "من الأفضل إعطاء لقب الملك للشخص الذي يملك السلطة بالفعل". Then the weak Merovingian King was put off the throne and shut out of sight in a monastery; and Pippin was anointed with the sacred oil, and crowned King in his place. ||||||推翻||||||||||被放逐|||||受膏立的|||||||||| ||||||||||||||public view|||||||officially consecrated|||holy or consecrated|||made king|||| ||zayıf|||||||||kapandı|||görünümden|||||||kutsanmış|||kutsal|||taçlandırıldı|||| |||||||||||||||||||Pipino|||||sagrado|||coroado|||| |||меровінгівський||||||||||||||||||помазаний|||||||||| ثم تم خلع الملك الميروفنجي الضعيف من العرش وإبعاده عن الأنظار في أحد الأديرة؛ وتم مسح بييين بالزيت المقدس، وتوج ملكا بدلا منه. As long as he lived he ruled as a strong and just king. |||||||||||公正的| طوال حياته حكم كملك قوي وعادل. As long as he lived he ruled as a strong and just king. When he died, the crown went to his children, and after them to his children's children. ||||taht||||||||||| ولما مات ذهب التاج لأبنائه ومن بعدهم لأبناء أبنائه. In this way the crown of the Franks continued in the family of Pippin for more than two hundred years. |||||||||||||Pipino|||||| وبهذه الطريقة استمر تاج الفرنجة في عائلة بيبين لأكثر من مائتي عام.