Fixing Daylight Saving Time Is THIS Easy SO einfach ist das Festlegen der Sommerzeit Ο καθορισμός της θερινής ώρας είναι τόσο εύκολος Fixing Daylight Saving Time Is THIS Easy Fijar el horario de verano es ASÍ de fácil Fixer l'heure d'été, c'est facile ! サマータイムはこんなに簡単 서머타임을 이렇게 쉽게 수정할 수 있습니다. Nustatyti vasaros laiką yra taip paprasta De zomertijd instellen is zo makkelijk Ustalenie czasu letniego jest TAK proste É fácil corrigir a hora de Verão Переход на летнее время - это так просто Att fixa sommartid är DETTA enkelt Yaz Saati Uygulamasını Düzeltmek Bu Kadar Kolay Перехід на літній час - це НАСТІЛЬКИ просто 修复夏令时就是这么简单 修復夏令時就是這麼簡單

The next time you find yourself carrying out the twice-yearly ritual of trying to get every

clock in your house to just show the same number for once, rest assured you are but reloj de su casa para que muestre el mismo número por una vez, tenga la seguridad de que no está sino

the latest in a long line of people who have attempted–and ultimately failed–to make el último de una larga lista de personas que han intentado -y finalmente fracasado- hacer que

time perfectly obey human rules.

Looking at you here, leap years. Los años bisiestos.

Every year, hundreds of millions of people voluntarily turn their lives upside down by Cada año, cientos de millones de personas ponen voluntariamente su vida patas arriba al

setting their clocks forward one hour in the spring and back one hour in the autumn on

a particular date mandated by the government wherever they happen to live, unless that

government is in one of these states, territories, or countries that doesn't play along. gobierno está en uno de estos estados, territorios o países que no le sigue el juego.

Because the only thing more confusing than jumbling up every clock in the world is jumbling Porque lo único más confuso que desordenar todos los relojes del mundo es desordenar Тому що єдине, що може збити з пантелику більше, ніж переплутати всі годинники в світі, - це переплутати

up some of them. algunos de ellos.

Daylight saving time (yes, it's singular, not plural) is a perfect example of how a

few people with the best of intentions can end up annoying millions of the rest of us

for the better part of a century. durante casi un siglo.

And it's time we take an honest look at how we got to this place where half the world Y ya es hora de que analicemos honestamente cómo hemos llegado a este punto en el que medio mundo

comes unstuck in time twice a year, and ask if the supposed advantages for springing forward se despega del tiempo dos veces al año, y preguntar si las supuestas ventajas de adelantarse komt twee keer per jaar op tijd los en vraag of de vermeende voordelen voor vooruitspringen?

and falling back still hold up… y cayendo de espaldas aún se mantienen...

[MUSIC]

Hey smart people, Joe here.

Let's start with some history! Let's start with some history!

The first person to dream up daylight saving time was none other than Benjamin Franklin, The first person to dream up daylight saving time was none other than Benjamin Franklin,

who while living in Paris forgot to close his shutters after a late night out and was que, cuando vivía en París, se olvidó de cerrar las persianas tras una noche de juerga y fue

rudely awakened by the sun at 6AM instead of his usual hour of noon. despertado bruscamente por el sol a las 6 de la mañana en lugar de a mediodía, su hora habitual.

He was astonished to realize that, in fact, the sun makes light as soon as it rises and

everyone was wasting beaucoup money spending part of their waking hours in candlelight

instead of taking advantage of the big bright thing in the sky.

[ROARING NOISE]

He calculated between April and September the people of Paris alone could save $200

million of today's dollars by getting their lazy bones out of bed to carpe more of the million of today's dollars by getting their lazy bones out of bed to carpe more of the millones de dólares de hoy sacando sus perezosos huesos de la cama para carpe más de la miljoen van de dollars van vandaag door hun luie botten uit bed te halen om meer van de

diem. diem.

But his solution didn't involve shifting the clocks, because in 1784 standardized time

wasn't even a thing, so instead he called for cannons and church bells at sunrise. ni siquiera existía, así que en su lugar pidió cañones y campanas de iglesia al amanecer.

Much like the turkey as America's national bird, this Franklin idea did not catch on,

but his goal was the same as every daylight saving time crusader who came after him: Change pero su objetivo era el mismo que el de todos los cruzados del horario de verano que vinieron después: Cambiar

the hours of human activity to make the best use of daylight.

Before the mid-1800s having a bunch of different local times wasn't a huge problem because

it took days to go visit anyone anyway, but once railroads started chugging suddenly everyone

needed to agree what time it was or no one would get anywhere.

"Doc!"

"Marty!"

By 1872 railroads had declared over 70 different official times in the U.S. alone, so in 1884

President Chester A. Arthur hosted a convention where dozens of countries agreed Greenwich,

England gets to be zero degrees longitude and everyone established official time zones

based on that.

Except for France and Ireland, who hated the British and used their own official time 9

and 25 minutes different from Greenwich, respectively, until the 19-teens. y a 25 minutos de diferencia de Greenwich, respectivamente, hasta los 19 años.

In 1905 a New Zealand post office clerk named George Hudson originated the modern idea of En 1905, un empleado de correos neozelandés llamado George Hudson originó la idea moderna de

moving the clocks twice a year because he secretly wanted more time to collect bugs

after work, but the idea really took off a few years later on a different set of islands,

when William Willett, an English architect, went out for a morning horse ride and got

sad because his sleepyhead countrymen were wasting a bunch of fine British daylight. triste porque sus dormilones compatriotas estaban desperdiciando un montón de buena luz del día británica. verdrietig omdat zijn slaapkoplandgenoten een hoop fijn Brits daglicht verspilden. сумний, бо його сонні співвітчизники марнували купу чудового британського денного світла.

Willett also secretly wanted more time to play golf after work, and he published a pamphlet

calling for a summer clock shift, promising more time to exercise, work, and enjoy the

daylight; cleaner skies from burning less coal; boosts in health and happiness from cielos más limpios al quemar menos carbón; mejora de la salud y la felicidad gracias a la reducción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.

breathing less of said coal smoke, and allegedly better eyesight. respirar menos humo de carbón y supuestamente tener mejor vista.

He calculated that an hour clock shift would add three years more daylight to your life

by age 72.

According to Willett, people already wound their watches hundreds of times per year so Según Willett, la gente ya daba cuerda a sus relojes cientos de veces al año, así que

changing what time it was should be no big deal? ¿Cambiar la hora no debería ser un gran problema?

But people were like “Uhh we just got everyone on the same time a few years ago and now you

want to go mess it up?” so Willett died in 1915 without Daylight Saving Time becoming así que Willett murió en 1915 sin que el horario de verano se convirtiera en una realidad.

law.

Today he's buried under a sundial set to Daylight Saving Time with a Latin inscription Hoy está enterrado bajo un reloj de sol con horario de verano y una inscripción en latín

saying “I only count the sunny hours”

Because Willett's Daylight Saving movement did finally start to catch on… in Germany,

during World War I.

See, the Germans, along with allies on their side of the trenches, sprang the summer clocks Verás, los alemanes, junto con los aliados en su lado de las trincheras, lanzaron los relojes de verano

forward to save energy for the war effort, and Britain and the rest of Europe weren't

going to let the Germans have that advantage, so they all enacted Willett's time, only

to immediately get rid of it when the war ended in 1918. para deshacerse inmediatamente de ella cuando la guerra terminó en 1918.

All this time, scientists knew moving numbers around on a clock doesn't actually save

time, so they just followed Greenwich.

But meanwhile over in the US, “Daylight Clubs” had started springing up, and lobbying Pero mientras tanto, en EE.UU., habían empezado a surgir "clubes de luz diurna" y a presionarse para que se creasen "clubes de luz diurna".

from manufacturing tycoons, labor unions, and even baseball teams convinced President de magnates de la industria, sindicatos e incluso equipos de béisbol convencieron al Presidente

Woodrow Wilson to make Daylight Saving Time federal law.

As a child, you might have heard, like I did, that Daylight Saving Time is for farmers.

That's a lie.

Farmers hated the idea from the beginning, because the rooster still crows at sunrise

and cows need milking no matter what time the clock says.

American farmers hated it so much that rural congresspeople got Daylight Saving Time overturned Los agricultores estadounidenses lo odiaban tanto que los congresistas rurales consiguieron anular el horario de verano.

almost immediately.

The next few decades were a huge mess.

Some cities and states followed their own time-changing laws and some didn't, with

only 1 in 4 Americans observing Daylight Saving Time in the 1930s.

And over in Europe, Germany had gotten rid of it after the Great War, while the UK kept Y en Europa, Alemania se había deshecho de ella tras la Gran Guerra, mientras que el Reino Unido mantenía

it, and France being France did both. y Francia, siendo Francia, hizo ambas cosas. а Франція, будучи Францією, зробила і те, і інше.

Confused yet?

You're on the right track.

World War II brought Daylight Saving back again, but only temporarily, and in the US,

the every town for itself policy continued until, in 1964, Daylight Saving Time began

on these dates and ended on these dates depending on where you lived.

Trains, planes, automobile drivers, and broadcasters had had enough.

Finally, in 1966, President Lyndon Johnson signed Daylight Saving Time into law for the

whole country.

Importantly, states are allowed to exempt themselves and stay on standard time – like

Arizona and Hawaii do – but more on this law later.

Over in Europe, the 1970s energy crisis brought daylight saving back, except for the UK who

had never changed, and the EU made it the official rule in 1996 nearly a century after

it was first devised.

This incredibly messy history was apparently all necessary because daylight saving time Esta historia increíblemente desordenada era aparentemente necesaria porque el horario de verano

supposedly comes with a ton of advantages.

Supposedly.

From World War I onward, saving energy by using daylight instead of artificial light

for more of our waking hours has been one the main justifications. durante más horas de nuestra vigilia ha sido una de las principales justificaciones.

While that may be true in some places, summer energy use actually goes up in others.

Modern bulbs just don't suck as much electricity anymore, and while people have turned off Las bombillas modernas ya no chupan tanta electricidad, y aunque la gente ha apagado

some lights, they've turned on lots of air conditioners, computers, and TVs.

Even in places where it does save energy, the effect is only a few dollars per household.

If it's not really about energy, what is it about?

Maybe money.

Fast food restaurants and many retail businesses originally got behind DST because they realized

it meant more sales of burgers and ice cream and everything else.

And since increased sales at McDonald's, for example, leads to a greater demand for

Kansas beef and Idaho potatoes, retail owners became a powerful national political movement

supporting not just the existence of but even expanding DST.

These days in the US it covers two-thirds of the calendar year, with the extra month

of evening light bringing in half a billion dollars for the golf industry alone. de luz nocturna que aporta 500 millones de dólares sólo a la industria del golf.

But changing the hours of human activity to make the best use of daylight does have some

real non-capitalism-related advantages. ventajas reales no relacionadas con el capitalismo.

People do spend more time outside, which for those of you who never try it, I can assure

you is pretty nice.

More evening light also leads to fewer fatal motor vehicle accidents.

And while more artificial light in dark places often doesn't reduce crime, adding more

daylight to the evening actually does reduce crime.

It's the time changing that causes problems.

It's like voluntary jetlag.

Literally NO ONE likes jetlag!

Why would we do it to ourselves by choice?! ¡¿Por qué nos lo haríamos a nosotros mismos por elección propia?!

Shifting the clock, whether it's forward or back, messes with our circadian rhythms,

the natural chemical and cellular cycles that control when we're awake, which messes with

the duration and quality of our sleep, and being sleepy screws us up in a bunch of different la duración y la calidad de nuestro sueño, y tener sueño nos fastidia en un montón de

ways:

Sleep deprivation and sleep disruption in the days after time changes leads to: More

traffic accidents, more workplace injuries, people spend more time than usual on the internet

at work, it messes up how we make decisions and can even lower stock market returns, judges en el trabajo, estropea la forma en que tomamos decisiones y puede incluso reducir la rentabilidad bursátil, los jueces

give harsher punishments, people feel more depressed when they fall back in the autumn, aplicar castigos más severos, la gente se siente más deprimida cuando vuelve a caer en otoño,

and the end of DST even leads to more people hitting wildlife with their cars.

Think of the animals, people!

Major disasters, including the nuclear accident at Chernobyl, the Exxon Valdez oil spill,

and the Challenger space shuttle disaster have been at least partly linked to insufficient

sleep and disrupted circadian rhythms.

All this changing back and forth, messing with our brains and our sanity, is a problem.

The solution?

So glad you asked because I have a pamphlet of my own. Me alegro de que lo pregunte, porque yo también tengo un folleto.

Take it.

Permanent daylight saving time could be the best solution.

Set the clocks forward in the spring, get the extra daylight when Earth is tilting that Adelanta los relojes en primavera, aprovecha la luz diurna extra cuando la Tierra se inclina que

way, and just leave it.

Except, here in the US at least, we can't, because of how the federal law about daylight

saving time was written.

States can only opt out of daylight saving time, they can't opt out of standard time

to have daylight saving time year-round, not without a change to federal law.

In 2019, around half the states had considered bills like this, but as of today in the US En 2019, alrededor de la mitad de los estados habían considerado proyectos de ley como este, pero a día de hoy en EE.UU.

it's literally illegal to make daylight saving time permanent.

If you think I'm kidding, I'm not.

But many scientists who study our natural biological rhythms think we should do the

opposite, and stay on permanent Standard Time.

Our body's biological clock might be set by the sun, but our “social clock” is set

by the rules that we make–going to school, to work, etc.

Getting up when it's dark to keep up with social time is tough.

And it's hard to go to bed earlier if the sun's still out.

You can end up with what's called a "social jetlag," which has been linked to physical

and mental health problems.

According to these researchers, during Daylight Saving Time, this social jetlag is worse.

They say permanent standard time would put our sun clock more in sync with the clock

we all follow to be functional members of society.

But whatever solution you prefer, this biannual clock switching needs to go.

"It's time to stop!

It's time to stop okay?

No more!"

EU countries seem to get it, and have voted to get rid of the time-switching starting

in 2021.

But European countries will get to decide whether to stay on their standard winter time

or summer time, and thanks to Brexit the UK's clocks will be doing their own thing.

We're sorta right back where we were a hundred years ago, with nice orderly time zones full

of countries changing the clocks whenever they feel like it.

Now maybe that won't be too big a problem.

Most of our time-keeping devices are automatically updated these days, but they rely on other

computers to tell them it is, and it's only a matter of time with a jumbled system like

this until something goes wrong in some computer somewhere.

I just hope it's an Xbox and not a nuclear power plant.

This whole thing got started because most of the world's most powerful countries a

hundred years ago just happened to be at latitudes with long summer days and darker winters.

But in a lot of the world this just makes no sense, especially near the equator, where

daylight doesn't really change from day to day.

Perhaps, for the good of the vast majority of people on Earth who already realize this

clock switching is a silly idea, we should truly seize the day and get ourselves to permanent

DST ASAP.

If you've seen my video about the invention of the metric system, you know that the best

intentions, executed poorly, can mess up history and science in some significant and unexpected

ways.

And this is another good reminder that the universe is a messy place that doesn't follow

human rules or always fit into our nice neat organizational bins.

Trust me, bending time to your will just doesn't work.

We'll be much better off changing ourselves to make the most of our time.

Stay curious.

[MUSIC]

And as always, a huge thank you to everyone who supports the show on patreon.

I think it's one of the best ways to carpe your diem, and also help us keep making more

videos.

Just click on the link, check out our great perks, we'd love to have you as part of our

community.

I did it on the first time!