Adverbs
副詞描述或提供有關動詞、形容詞、副詞或短語的額外資訊。
示例:
She was a very happy child.
He ate the hamburger quickly.
Her latest movie is absolutely terrifying!
Don't be gone for too long.
The old, dark house gave me a bad feeling.
地點副詞
地點副詞告訴我們某事發生的地點，不會改變形容詞或副詞的含義。
示例:
| about | downstairs | on |
| above | east (etc) | out |
| abroad | elsewhere | outside |
| anywhere | far | over |
| away | here | there |
| backwards (also backward) | indoors | under |
| Behind | inside | up |
| below | near | upstairs |
| down | nearby | where |
| off |
後綴“...wards”或“...ward”通常表示沿著指定方向的移動。
|
Upwards |
The balloon floated upwards when she let it go. |
|
Downward |
The downward dog is his favourite yoga position. |
|
Backwards |
He fell backwards off the horse. |
|
Forward |
Please move forward so I may get by. |
|
Westward |
The westward facing house was the one they liked the most. |
尾碼“…where”也與部分地點副詞一起使用。
|
Nowhere |
I have nowhere to go on the weekend, I need to make a plan. |
|
Anywhere |
Is there anywhere you would like to visit while you're here? |
|
Somewhere |
I have to find somewhere with a washroom. |
|
Everywhere |
I've looked everywhere for it. |
時間副詞
這些副詞告訴我們時間發生的事件。時間副詞也告訴我們某事發生的頻率或持續的時間。
示例:
| 指代時間的副詞 | 指代頻率的副詞 | 指代持續時間的副詞 |
|---|---|---|
| now | sometimes | ages |
| then | always | all day |
| today | usually | since last month |
| tomorrow | yearly | for several days |
| tonight | hourly | for many years |
| daily | since the '90s | |
| infrequently | many hours |
I have a meeting with him tomorrow.
We should go to the train station now.
He visits his grandmother yearly.
Ella sometimes adds strawberries to her yoghurt.
I have been using the app since last month.
Miguel has lived in New York since the '90s.
方式副詞
方式副詞告訴我們事情是怎麼發生的。
示例:
| angrily | badly | beautifully | calmingly |
| carefully | cautiously | cleverly | dangerously |
| eagerly | excitedly | foolishly | fast |
| furiously | happily | greedily | hard |
| hurriedly | kindly | nervously | politely |
| quickly | quietly | secretly | silently |
| slowly | softly | stupidly | unhappily |
| well | wickedly | willingly | wisely |
Violet 偷偷地希望她不需要去工作。
他緊張地擺弄著筆，等待著打開考卷。
這輛車非常危險地靠近人行道行駛。
當老師進來時，他們很快地就停止了交談。
他愚蠢地忘記了車鑰匙，所以一定得回去。
程度副詞
程度副詞告訴我們某事發生的程度或範圍。這類副詞可以修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞。
示例:
| Really | Slowly | Fairly | Quickly |
| Just | Very | Quite | Enough |
修飾動詞的副詞：
他正在慢慢地走向公園。
他們跳了一晚上跳夠了。
Jenna 把書迅速地藏到了身後。
修飾形容詞的副詞：
孩子們對這只走失的狗非常友善。
這個酒店宴會廳非常漂亮。
他對他的新工作相當滿意。
修飾副詞的副詞：
她已經學會了很好地下棋。
這些鳥很快地吃完了種子。
這個遊戲確實是被很巧妙地製作的。
確定性副詞
確定性副詞表明我們對某事有多確定或肯定。
示例:
| Certainly | Definitely | Probably | Clearly |
| Undoubtedly | Obviously | Surely |
I'm definitely going to get tickets for that show.
He is clearly feeling guilty about lying to her.
You're obviously not enjoying this movie, let's turn it off.
I'll probably go to the gallery opening on the weekend.
從形容詞構成副詞
大多數時候，我們可以在形容詞的末尾加上“-ly”來構成副詞。
將"y" 替換為"i"，如果形容詞以"y" 結尾，則加上"-ly" 。
如果形容詞以"-able"、"-ible" 或"-le" 結尾，則將"-e" 替換為"-y"。
如果形容詞以“-ic”結尾，那麼我們應該加上“-ally”。
| 形容詞 | 副詞 |
|---|---|
| happy | happily |
| gentle | gently |
| tragic | tragically |
| slow | slowly |
關係副詞
關係副詞連接句子或從句。關係副詞為 "when"、 "where" 和"why"。
你知道他為什麼這麼沮喪嗎？
我們舉辦活動的那天應該是晴朗的。
我們相遇的那所大學那裡有一座美麗的圖書館。
疑問副詞
我們使用疑問副詞“when”、”where“、“why”和 "how"來構成疑問句。
When does the next bus arrive?
Where will you go for summer vacation?
How do I get to the nearest beach?
Why doesn’t he want to come out to dinner with us tonight?