12.韩战 系列 第十二 讲 和平 幻灭 ·下
guerre de Corée||||||
Korean War|series|twelfth|lecture|peace|disillusionment|part two
12. Vorlesung 12 der Koreakriegsreihe: Desillusionierung mit dem Frieden · Teil 2
12. Korean War Series Lecture Twelve: The Disillusionment of Peace - Part Two
韓戰 系列 第十二 講 和平 幻滅 ·下
Korean War|series|twelfth|lecture|peace|disillusionment|part two
Korean War Series Lecture Twelve: The Disillusionment of Peace - Part Two
一 、李奇微 臨危受命 :識破 “星期 攻勢 ”
one|MacArthur|appointed in a crisis|see through|Sunday|offensive
1. General MacArthur's Urgent Mission: Recognizing the 'Sunday Offensive'.
大家 好 ,歡迎 大家 收聽 《 縱橫 大 歷史 》 ,我 是 主持人 孫誠 。
everyone|hello|welcome|everyone|listening|comprehensive|great|history|I|am|host|Sun Cheng
Hello everyone, welcome to 'Crossing Great History', I am your host, Sun Cheng.
今天 ,我們 將 繼續 進行 韓戰 系列 節目 。
Today|we|will|continue|conduct|Korean War|series|program
Today, we will continue with the series on the Korean War.
在 之前 的 十一 講中 ,我們 回顧 了 韓戰 的 起源 和 韓戰 頭 半年 的 戰爭 進程 ,以及 在 戰爭 進行 了 半 年 時 國際 社會 為 和平 所作 的 努力 。
before|previous|possessive particle|eleven|lecture|we|reviewed|past tense marker|Korean War|possessive particle|origin|and|Korean War|first|half year|possessive particle|war|progress|as well as|at|war|ongoing|past tense marker|half|year|when|international|society|for|peace|made|possessive particle|efforts
In the previous eleven lectures, we reviewed the origins of the Korean War and the course of the war in the first half of the year, as well as the efforts made by the international community for peace at the six-month mark of the war.
今天 ,我們 將 進行 第十二 講 《 和平 幻滅 · 下 》 ,講述 共產 極權 陣營 如何 拒絕 了 一切 和平 的 可能 ,並 繼續 擴大 戰爭 的 規模 。
Today|we|will|conduct|twelfth|lecture|peace|disillusionment|part two|narrate|communist|totalitarian|camp|how|rejected|past tense marker|all|peace|possessive particle|possibilities|and|continue|expanding|war|possessive particle|scale
Today, we will conduct the twelfth lecture titled "Disillusionment with Peace - Part Two," discussing how the communist totalitarian camp rejected all possibilities for peace and continued to escalate the scale of the war.
按照 慣例 ,我們 還是 從 一個 歷史 場景 說起 。
according to|convention|we|still|from|a|historical|scene|start talking about
As is customary, we will start with a historical scene.
1951 年 1 月 1 日 上午 ,新 上任 的 美 第 8 集團軍 司令 馬 修 · 李奇微 中將 驅車 來到 首爾 北郊 。
year|month|day|morning|new|appointed|possessive particle|American|8th|Army|commander|General|Matthew|Ridgway|Lieutenant General|drove|arrived|Seoul|northern suburbs
On the morning of January 1, 1951, the newly appointed commander of the U.S. Eighth Army, General Matthew Ridgway, drove to the northern suburbs of Seoul.
從前 一天 黃昏時分 起 ,超過 30 萬 中共 、北韓 聯軍 已經 越過 三八線 ,向 聯合 國軍 發起 了 所謂 的 “第三次 戰役 ”。
once upon a time|one day|at dusk|starting|more than|ten thousand|Chinese Communist Party|North Korea|allied forces|already|crossed|38th parallel|towards|United|Nations Army|launched|past tense marker|so-called|possessive particle|third|campaign
Since the evening of the previous day, over 300,000 Chinese and North Korean allied forces had crossed the 38th parallel, launching what they called the 'Third Campaign' against the United Nations forces.
這次 大規模 進攻 ,被 聯合 國軍 稱為 “新年 攻勢 ”。
this time|large-scale|offensive|(passive marker)|United|Nations Army|called|New Year|offensive
This large-scale offensive was referred to by the United Nations forces as the 'New Year Offensive'.
經過 一夜 戰鬥 ,聯合 國軍 的 三八線 陣地 被 突破 了 。
after|one night|battle|United|Nations army|possessive particle|38th parallel|position|passive marker|breached|past tense marker
After a night of fighting, the United Nations forces' positions along the 38th parallel were breached.
此時 ,映入 李奇微 眼簾 的 ,是 一片 混亂 的 景象 。
at this moment|reflected in|Li Qiwei|line of sight|possessive particle|is|a piece of|chaotic|possessive particle|scene
At this moment, what caught General MacArthur's eye was a scene of chaos.
李奇微 在 他 有關 韓戰 的 回憶錄 中 描寫 道 ,當時 大批 韓國 士兵 “丟棄 了 所有 的 火炮 、迫擊炮 、機槍 以及 數人 操作 武器 ”,“乘著 一輛輛 卡車 ,正 川流不息 地 向 南 湧 去 ,他們 沒有 秩序 ,沒有 武器 ,沒有 領導 ,完全 是 在 全面 敗退 。
MacArthur|in|his|regarding|Korean War|possessive particle|memoir|in|describes|said|at that time|large numbers of|Korean|soldiers|abandoned|past tense marker|all|possessive particle|artillery|mortars|machine guns|and|small arms|operated|weapons|riding|one after another|trucks|just|flowing continuously|adverbial particle|toward|south|surge|go|they|had no|order|had no|weapons|had no|leadership|completely|were|in|total|retreat
In his memoirs about the Korean War, MacArthur described that at the time, a large number of South Korean soldiers "abandoned all their artillery, mortars, machine guns, and crew-served weapons," "riding on truck after truck, flowing southward without order, without weapons, without leadership, completely in a rout."
有些 士兵 是 依靠 步行 或者 乘著 各種 徵用 的 車輛 逃到 這裡 來 的 。
some|soldiers|are|relying on|walking|or|riding|various|requisitioned|possessive particle|vehicles|escaped to|here|come|past action particle
Some soldiers escaped here by walking or by using various requisitioned vehicles.
”雖然 美軍 總體 上 攜帶 著 重武器 ,進行 著 有 秩序 的 後撤 ,但 也 有 部分 部隊 被 捲入 潰退 中 。
although|US military|overall|on|carrying|(progressive aspect marker)|heavy weapons|conducting|(progressive aspect marker)|having|orderly|(possessive particle)|withdrawal|but|also|have|some|troops|(passive marker)|caught up in|rout|in
"Although the U.S. forces were generally carrying heavy weapons and conducting an orderly withdrawal, some units were also caught up in the rout.
那天 上午 ,李奇微 在 美 24 師 的 傷員 後 送 站 與 一些 美軍 傷兵 進行 了 談話 ,“發覺 他們 情緒 十分 低落 ,沒有 美國士兵 在 傷勢 不太 嚴重 時 通常 所 表現 的 那種 重返 部隊 的 迫切 心情 。
that day|morning|Li Qimei|at|American|division|possessive particle|wounded soldiers|rear|evacuation|station|with|some|American troops|wounded soldiers|conducted|past tense marker|conversation|realized|they|morale|very|low|did not have|American soldiers|at|injury|not very|serious|time|usually|particle indicating action|displayed|possessive particle|that kind of|returning to|unit|possessive particle|urgent|desire
That day in the morning, General Ridgway had a conversation with some American wounded soldiers at the medical evacuation station of the 24th Infantry Division, "I found that their morale was very low, lacking the urgency to return to duty that American soldiers usually show when their injuries are not too severe."
”面對 部隊 低落 的 士氣 ,李奇微 心情沉重 地 表示 :“要 想 使 部隊 鼓起 所 需要 的 鬥志 ,還有 許多 工作 有待 我們 去 完成 。
facing|troops|low|possessive particle|morale|MacArthur|heavy-hearted|adverbial particle|expressed|to|want|to make|troops|raise|necessary|needed|possessive particle|fighting spirit|still have|many|tasks|awaiting|us|to|complete
Faced with the low morale of the troops, Ridgway expressed with a heavy heart: "There is still much work to be done if we want to inspire the fighting spirit that the troops need."
”( 李奇微 :《 朝鮮戰爭 》 第五章 )
||Chapter 5 (1)
(Ridgway: "The Korean War" Chapter 5)
此時 李奇微 所 接手 的 美 第 8 集團軍 ,是 一支 剛剛 從 北韓 深處 進行 了 長距離 撤退 ,缺乏 鬥志 的 部隊 。
at this time|MacArthur|particle indicating the action of the verb|took over|possessive particle|American|ordinal number particle|army group|is|a|just|from|North Korea|deep|conducted|past tense marker|long-distance|retreat|lacking|fighting spirit|possessive particle|troops
At this time, the U.S. Eighth Army that Ridgway took over was a unit that had just conducted a long-distance retreat from deep within North Korea and was lacking in fighting spirit.
雪上加霜 的 是 ,在 1950 年 12 月 23 日 ,也 就是 美第 8 集團軍 全面 退 到 三八線 的 時候 ,曾 率領 該 集團軍 堅守 釜山 防禦 圈 的 司令 沃克 將軍 在 首爾 北郊 的 一 場 車禍 中 逝世 。
adding insult to injury|particle indicating possession|is|at|year|month|day|also|that is|US|army|completely|retreat|to|38th parallel|particle indicating possession|time|once|led|that|army|firmly defended|Busan|defense|perimeter|particle indicating possession|commander|Walker|General|in|Seoul|northern suburbs|particle indicating possession|one|measure word for events|car accident|in|died
To make matters worse, on December 23, 1950, when the U.S. Eighth Army was fully retreating to the 38th parallel, General Walker, who had led the army in defending the Pusan perimeter, died in a car accident in the northern suburbs of Seoul.
在 這樣 的 情況 下 ,李奇微 才 得以 臨危受命 ,被 從 美國 本土 派往 韓國 前線 。
in|such|possessive particle|situation|under|MacArthur|only then|was able to|received orders in a crisis|was|from|the United States|mainland|dispatched to|Korea|front line
Under such circumstances, MacArthur was able to take command in a crisis and was dispatched from the U.S. mainland to the front lines in Korea.
李奇微 在 12 月 27 日 抵達 韓國 前線 時 ,發覺 部隊 不但 普遍 失去 了 鬥志 ,甚至 連 基本 的 敵情 偵察 都 變得 敷衍了事 了 。
MacArthur|at|month|day|arrived|Korea|front line|when|realized|troops|not only|generally|lost|past tense marker|fighting spirit|even|even|basic|possessive particle|enemy situation|reconnaissance|all|became|perfunctory|past tense marker
When MacArthur arrived at the Korean front on December 27, he found that the troops not only had generally lost their fighting spirit, but even basic enemy reconnaissance had become perfunctory.
根據 李奇微 的 回憶 ,在 美 第 8集團軍 使用 的 軍事 地圖 上 ,沒有 關於 敵人 兵力 部署 的 任何 細節 ,只 在 三八線 北側 畫了 一個 鵝蛋 大 的 紅圈 ,其中 寫有 數字 “174,000 ”,用於 表示 對 敵人 兵力 的 估算 。
according to|Ridgway|possessive particle|recollection|at|United States|8th|Army Group|used|possessive particle|military|map|on|there is not|about|enemy|troop strength|deployment|possessive particle|any|details|only|at|38th parallel|north side|drew|a|goose egg|large|possessive particle|red circle|among which|written with|number|used for|indicating|against|enemy|troop strength|possessive particle|estimate
According to MacArthur's recollection, the military maps used by the U.S. Eighth Army contained no details about enemy troop deployments; there was only a red circle the size of an egg drawn north of the 38th parallel, with the number "174,000" written inside to indicate an estimate of enemy forces.
而 就連 這個 兵力 估算 ,實際上 也 是 大大 低估 的 。
and|even|this|military strength|estimate|in reality|also|is|greatly|underestimated|particle indicating past action
And even this estimate of troop strength is actually greatly underestimated.
對於 上述 種種 在 部隊 中 存在 的 情況 ,李奇微 深感 震驚 。
regarding|above|various|in|military|within|existence|possessive particle|situation|General MacArthur|deeply felt|shock
Li Qimi was deeply shocked by the various situations that existed in the troops.
( 比利 · 莫斯曼 :《 朝鮮戰爭 中 的 美國陸軍 ( 第二卷 ): 潮漲潮落 》 第九章 《 中國 人 的 第三次 攻勢 》)
|||||United States Army|Volume II (1)||||||third|
(Billy Mossman: "The United States Army in the Korean War (Volume II): The Tide Turns" Chapter 9 "The Third Offensive of the Chinese")
在 中共 、北韓 聯軍 發動 “第三次 戰役 ”前夕 ,沿 三八線 部署 的 美 第 8集團軍 也 面臨 著 兵力 嚴重 不足 的 困境 。
on|Chinese Communist Party|North Korea|Allied Forces|launching|third|campaign|eve|along|38th parallel|deployment|possessive particle|United States|8|Army Corps|also|facing|continuous aspect particle|troop strength|severe|shortage|possessive particle|predicament
On the eve of the Chinese Communist Party and North Korean joint forces launching the 'Third Campaign', the U.S. Eighth Army deployed along the 38th parallel was also facing a serious shortage of troops.
此時 ,剛剛 從 北韓 東北部 撤 到 韓國 南部 的 美 第 10軍 雖 已 被 歸入 第 8集團軍 建制 ,但 這個 軍 的 不少 部隊 仍 在 韓國 南部 休整 。
at this time|just|from|North Korea|northeastern region|withdrew|to|South Korea|southern region|possessive particle|American|10th|army|although|already|passive marker|incorporated into|8th|army group|structure|but|this|army|possessive particle|quite a few|troops|still|in|South Korea|southern region|resting
At this time, the U.S. 10th Army, which had just withdrawn from northeastern North Korea to southern South Korea, had been incorporated into the 8th Army structure, but many of its units were still resting in southern South Korea.
佈置 在 三八線 上 的 聯合 國軍 戰鬥部隊 ,總兵力 甚至 不足 20 萬 。
deployment|at|38th parallel|on|possessive particle|United|Nations Army|combat troops|total troop strength|even|less than|ten thousand
The combat forces of the United Nations stationed along the 38th parallel had a total strength of less than 200,000.
而 就是 這麼 一點 可憐 的 兵力 ,卻 要 防守 長達 216 公里 的 戰線 ,每個 一線 師 要 防禦 的 戰線 長達 20—30 公里 。
but|exactly|so|a little|pitiful|possessive particle|troop strength|yet|must|defend|extending|kilometers|possessive particle|front line|each|frontline|division|must|defend|possessive particle|front line|extending|kilometers
And with such a meager force, they had to defend a front line stretching 216 kilometers, with each frontline division responsible for a defense line of 20 to 30 kilometers.
處在 第一線 的 各 師 ,只能 以 連 、排 為 單位 建立 一些 點狀 陣地 ,不但 缺乏 預備隊 ,也 難以 構築 緊密 的 防線 。
located at|front line|possessive particle|each|division|can only|using|company|platoon|as|unit|establish|some|point-like|positions|not only|lack|reserve troops|also|difficult to|construct|tight|possessive particle|defense line
The divisions at the front line could only establish some point-like positions using companies and platoons, lacking reserves and struggling to build a tight defense line.
一旦 防線 的 一點 被 攻破 ,那麼 整個 防線 就 會 迅速 被 突破 。
once|defense line|possessive particle|point|passive marker|breached|then|entire|defense line|then|will|quickly|passive marker|broken through
Once a point of the defense line is breached, the entire defense line will be quickly broken through.
(日本 陸戰 史 普及 會編 :《 朝鮮戰爭 》 第七卷 第三章 )可以 說 ,在 不明 敵情 、兵力 不足 、士氣 低落 的 情況 下 ,美第 8集團軍 是 不 可能 守住 三八線 的 。
Japan|land warfare|history|popularization|editorial committee|Korean War|Volume 7|Chapter 3|can|say|in|unclear|enemy situation|troop strength|insufficient|morale|low|possessive particle|situation|under|US 8th|Army|is|not|possible|to defend|38th parallel|possessive particle
(Compiled by the Japan Ground Warfare History Popularization Association: "The Korean War" Volume 7, Chapter 3) It can be said that under conditions of unclear enemy situation, insufficient troops, and low morale, the U.S. 8th Army could not possibly hold the 38th parallel.
在 如此 不利 的 情況 下 ,李奇微 利用 1950 年 的 最後 幾天 ,提出 了 改變 戰局 的 方案 。
in|such|unfavorable|(possessive particle)|situation|under|MacArthur|utilized|year|(possessive particle)|last|few days|proposed|past tense marker|changing|course of the war|(possessive particle)|plan
In such unfavorable circumstances, MacArthur utilized the last few days of 1950 to propose a plan to change the course of the war.
作為 美軍 中 的 優秀 將領 ,李奇微 有著 豐富 的 作戰 指揮 和 策劃 經驗 。
as|US Army|among|possessive particle|outstanding|general|General MacArthur|has|rich|possessive particle|combat|command|and|planning|experience
As an outstanding general in the U.S. military, MacArthur has rich experience in operational command and planning.
李奇微 出 生於 1895 年 。
MacArthur|born|in|year
Matthew Ridgway was born in 1895.
1917 年 ,他 從 西點軍校 畢業 ,此後 在 該校 長期 擔任 教官 。
year|he|from|West Point|graduated|thereafter|at|that school|long-term|served as|instructor
In 1917, he graduated from West Point and subsequently served as an instructor at the academy for a long time.
1942 年 ,他 出任 美第 82空降師 師長 ,得以 指揮 美軍 最早 的 兩個 空降師 之一 。
year|he|assumed|82nd|Airborne Division|division commander|was able to|command|US Army|earliest|possessive particle|two|airborne divisions|one of
In 1942, he became the commander of the 82nd Airborne Division, allowing him to command one of the earliest airborne divisions of the U.S. military.
在 1944 年 的 諾曼底 戰役 期間 ,他 隨同 部隊 空降 在 德軍 灘頭陣地 後方 ,其後 連續 作戰 一個 多 月 ,立下 了 赫赫 戰功 。
in|year|possessive particle|Normandy|battle|during|he|accompanied|troops|parachuted|at|German|beachhead|behind|thereafter|continuous|combat|over a month|more|month|achieved|past tense marker|remarkable|military achievements
During the Normandy campaign in 1944, he parachuted with his troops behind German beachheads and fought continuously for over a month, achieving remarkable military accomplishments.
此後 ,他 升任 第 18空降 軍 軍長 ,率部 攻入 德國 ,一直 戰鬥 到 德國 投降 。
thereafter|he|was promoted|18th|airborne|division|commander|led his troops|invaded|Germany|continuously|fought|until|Germany|surrender
After that, he was promoted to the commander of the 18th Airborne Corps, leading his troops into Germany and fighting until Germany's surrender.
李奇微 之所以 能 在 二戰 中 被 任命 為 空降兵 指揮官 ,是 因為 空降兵 在 當時 還是 一個 新生 兵種 ,正 適合 由 擁有 靈活 軍事 思想 的 李奇微 進行 指揮 。
MacArthur|the reason why|could|in|World War II|during|was|appointed|as|paratrooper|commander|is|because|paratroopers|at|that time|still|a|new|branch of military|just|suitable|by|having|flexible|military|thinking|possessive particle|MacArthur|conducting|command
The reason why Ridgway was appointed as the airborne commander during World War II was that airborne troops were still a new type of force at that time, which was suitable for command by Ridgway, who had flexible military thinking.
在 前往 韓國 赴任 前夕 ,李奇微 的 官職 為 美軍 副 總參謀長 。
on|heading to|Korea|assignment|eve|General Ridgway|possessive particle|official position|was|US Army|deputy|Chief of Staff
On the eve of his departure for Korea, Ridgway held the position of Deputy Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army.
而 在 就任 美第 8集團軍 司令 後 ,聯合 國軍 總司令 麥克阿瑟 就 成 了 李奇微 的 頂頭上司 。
and|when|assumed|8th|Army|Commander|after|United|Nations Army|Supreme Commander|MacArthur|then|became|past tense marker|Ridgeway|possessive particle|immediate superior
After taking office as the commander of the 8th U.S. Army, the Supreme Commander of the United Nations Forces, MacArthur, became Ridgway's direct superior.
有趣的是 ,當 李奇微 在 西點軍校 出任 教官 時 ,麥克阿瑟 曾 擔任 過 一段時間 的 西點軍校 校長 。
what's interesting is|when|MacArthur|at|West Point|took office as|instructor|time|MacArthur|once|served as|for|a period of time|possessive particle|West Point|superintendent
Interestingly, when MacArthur served as the superintendent of West Point, Ridgway was appointed as an instructor there.
此次 李奇微 臨危受命 ,是 他 再一次 成為 麥克阿瑟 的 下屬 。
this time|MacArthur|took command in a crisis|is|he|once again|became|MacArthur|possessive particle|subordinate
This time, Ridgway was called to duty, making him once again a subordinate of MacArthur.
麥克阿瑟 對於 李奇微 充滿 信任 。
MacArthur|towards|Ridgeway|full of|trust
MacArthur had full trust in Ridgway.
當 李奇微 前往 韓國 前 在 日本 東京 向 麥克阿瑟 述職 時 , 麥克阿瑟 曾 對 他 說 :“ 第 8 集團軍 是 屬於 你 的 , 馬 特 。
When Ridgway reported to MacArthur in Tokyo before heading to Korea, MacArthur told him: 'The 8th Army is yours, Matt.'
你 認為 怎麼 好 就 怎麼 幹 吧 。
you|think|how|good|then|how|do|suggestion particle
Do whatever you think is best.
”( 李奇微 :《 朝鮮戰爭 》 第五章 ) 李奇微 之所以 能夠 快速 提出 改變 戰局 的 方案 , 離不開 麥克阿瑟 給予 他 的 信任 和 自主權 。
(MacArthur: Chapter 5 of 'The Korean War') The reason MacArthur was able to quickly propose a plan to change the situation on the battlefield was due to the trust and autonomy given to him by MacArthur.
二 、中共 北韓 聯軍 的 “新年 攻勢 ”
two|Chinese Communist Party|North Korea|allied forces|possessive particle|New Year|offensive
2. The 'New Year Offensive' of the Chinese Communist and North Korean Allied Forces.
通過 研究 中 共軍 的 歷史 及 此前 他們 在 北韓 發動 的 兩次 攻勢 ,李奇微 意識 到 ,中 共軍 在 後勤 補給 方面 有著 致命 的 弱點 。
through|research|Chinese|Communist Army|possessive particle|history|and|previously|they|in|North Korea|launched|possessive particle|two|offensives|MacArthur|realized|to|Chinese|Communist Army|in|logistics|supply|aspect|had|fatal|possessive particle|weakness
By studying the history of the Chinese Communist Army and their previous two offensives in North Korea, MacArthur realized that the Chinese Communist Army had a fatal weakness in logistics.
在 聯合 國軍 的 持續 空襲 下 ,中 共軍 “運輸 車輛 不足 ,要 依靠 馱馬 、大板車 和 人力 ”進行 後勤 運輸 。
under|United|National Army|possessive particle|continuous|airstrikes|under|Chinese|Communist Army|transportation|vehicles|insufficient|must|rely on|pack horses|large carts|and|manpower|carry out|logistics|transportation
Under the continuous airstrikes of the United Nations forces, the Chinese Communist Army had "insufficient transport vehicles and had to rely on pack animals, large carts, and manpower" for logistical transportation.
因此 ,中共 一線 戰鬥部隊 在 發動 一次 進攻 時 ,難以 得到 持續 有效 的 補給 ,只能 攜帶 少量 彈藥 及 口糧 ,維持 7—10 天 的 攻勢 、向前 推進 40—50 公里 。
therefore|Chinese Communist Party|frontline|combat troops|when|launching|one|attack|time|difficult to|obtain|continuous|effective|(possessive particle)|supply|can only|carry|small amount|ammunition|and|rations|sustain|days|(possessive particle)|offensive|forward|advance|kilometers
As a result, the frontline combat troops of the Chinese Communist Party found it difficult to obtain sustained and effective supplies during an offensive, being able to carry only a small amount of ammunition and rations, maintaining an offensive for 7 to 10 days and advancing 40 to 50 kilometers.
每 進行 一次 這種 “星期 攻勢 ”,中 共軍 就 不得不 暫停 進攻 、進行 休整 。
every|carry out|time|this kind of|week|offensive|Chinese|Communist army|then|had no choice but to|suspend|attack|carry out|rest and reorganization
After each such "weekly offensive," the Chinese Communist Army had to pause the attack and take a rest.
而 隨著 戰線 南移 到 三八線 ,中 共軍 與 後方 的 距離 變得 更為 遙遠 ,每次 攻勢 面臨 的 補給 困難 也 就 越 大 。
but|as|front line|moved south|to|38th parallel|Chinese|Communist army|and|rear|possessive particle|distance|became|even more|distant|every time|offensive|faced|possessive particle|supply|difficulties|also|then|more|great
As the front line moved south to the 38th parallel, the distance between the Chinese Communist Army and the rear became even greater, and the supply difficulties faced during each offensive also increased.
因此 ,在 中 共軍 對 三八線 發起 攻擊 後 ,聯合 國軍 應 全線 撤退 到 首爾 以南 55 公里 處 的 三七 線 (北緯 37 度 線 ),而後 在 中 共軍 進行 休整 時 發起 反攻 。
therefore|at|Chinese|Communist army|against|38th parallel|launched|attack|after|United|Nations army|should|all|retreat|to|Seoul|south of|kilometers|point|possessive particle|37|line|north latitude|degree|line|and then|during|Chinese|Communist army|conducting|rest|when|launched|counterattack
Therefore, after the Chinese Communist Army launched an attack on the 38th parallel, the United Nations forces should retreat along the entire line to the 37th parallel (latitude 37 degrees) located 55 kilometers south of Seoul, and then launch a counterattack while the Chinese Communist Army is regrouping.
從 三七 線 以南 直到 洛東 江邊 ,聯合 國軍 還 應 設置 三段 預設 陣地 。
from|37|line|south of|until|Liao Dong|riverside|United|National Army|still|should|set up|three sections|pre-set|positions
From the 37th parallel south to the banks of the Nakdong River, the United Nations forces should also establish three preset defensive positions.
在 中 共軍 的 攻勢 過於 猛烈 ,聯合 國軍 無法 守住 三七 線 的 情況 下 ,聯合 國軍 就 應 依次 向 這三條 防線 撤退 ,並 尋找 機會 發起 反擊 。
in|Chinese|Communist army|possessive particle|offensive|too|fierce|United|Nationalist army|unable to|hold|37|line|possessive particle|situation|under|United|Nationalist army|then|should|in order|towards|these three|defensive lines|retreat|and|look for|opportunity|launch|counterattack
If the offensive of the Chinese Communist Army is too fierce and the United Nations forces cannot hold the 37th parallel, the United Nations forces should retreat in order to these three defensive lines and look for opportunities to counterattack.
這樣 ,通過 反覆 的 撤退 、防禦 和 反擊 ,聯合 國軍 就 能 不斷 消耗 中 共軍 的 有生 力量 ,並 在 最後 粉碎 中 共 軍 的 攻勢 。
like this|through|repeated|possessive particle|retreat|defense|and|counterattack|united|Nationalist army|then|can|continuously|deplete|Chinese|Communist army|possessive particle|living|strength|and|at|last|crush|Chinese|Communist|army|possessive particle|offensive
In this way, through repeated retreats, defenses, and counterattacks, the United Nations forces can continuously deplete the living strength of the Chinese Communist Army and ultimately crush their offensive.
( 日本 陸戰 史 普及 會編 :《 朝鮮戰爭 》 第七卷 第三章 ) 在 每次 進行 撤退 時 , 聯合 國軍 也 要 利用 中 共軍 畏懼 空襲 、 不敢 在 白天 作戰 的 弱點 , 在 白天 以步坦 協同 部隊 發動 反 衝擊 , 配合 炮火 儘可能 消滅 敵人 。
(Compiled by the Japan Ground Warfare History Popularization Association: "The Korean War" Volume 7, Chapter 3) During each retreat, the United Nations forces also took advantage of the Chinese Communist Army's fear of airstrikes and their reluctance to fight during the day, launching counterattacks with infantry and tanks during daylight hours, coordinating artillery fire to eliminate the enemy as much as possible.
( 李奇微 :《 朝鮮戰爭 》 第五章 )
(MacArthur: "The Korean War" Chapter 5)
在 這樣 的 戰略 思想 下 ,美第 8集團軍 在 1950 年 最後 一天 的 黃昏 迎來 了 超過 30 萬 中共 、北韓 聯軍 的 瘋狂 進攻 。
at|this|possessive particle|strategic|thought|under|US 8th|Army Corps|on|year|last|day|possessive particle|dusk|welcomed|past tense marker|over|ten thousand|Chinese Communist|North Korean|allied forces|possessive particle|crazy|attack
Under this strategic thinking, the U.S. Eighth Army faced a frenzied attack from over 300,000 Chinese and North Korean troops on the last day of 1950.
此次 “新年 攻勢 ”,中共軍 投入 了 第 13兵團 的 六個 軍 (第 38 、39 、40 、42 、50 、66 軍 );至於 經過 兩個 月 休整 和 補充 恢復 了 實力 的 北韓 軍 ,也 投入 了 三個 軍團 (第 1 、第 2 、第 5 軍團 )共 7.5 萬餘 人 的 兵力 。
this time|New Year|offensive|Chinese Communist Army|deployed|past tense marker|13th|corps|possessive particle|six|armies|38th|armies|as for|after|two|months|rest|and|replenishment|restored|past tense marker|strength|possessive particle|North Korean|army|also|deployed|past tense marker|three|corps|1st|2nd|5th|corps|a total of|more than 10000|personnel|possessive particle|military strength
In this "New Year Offensive," the Chinese Communist Army deployed six armies from the 13th Corps (the 38th, 39th, 40th, 42nd, 50th, and 66th armies); as for the North Korean army, which had regained strength after two months of rest and replenishment, it also committed three corps (the 1st, 2nd, and 5th corps) with a total of over 75,000 troops.
中共 、北韓 聯軍 的 進攻 重點 方向 位於 被 稱 為 “西線 ”的 戰線 西側 ,其 矛頭 對準 了 韓國 首都 首爾 。
Chinese Communist Party|North Korea|Allied Forces|possessive particle|attack|main|direction|located|passive marker|called|as|Western Front|possessive particle|battlefield|west side|its|spearhead|aimed at|past tense marker|South Korea|capital|Seoul
The focus of the attack by the Chinese Communist and North Korean joint forces is located on the western side of the front line known as the 'Western Front', with their spearhead aimed at the South Korean capital, Seoul.
為 了 奪取 首爾 , 他們 投入 了 四個 中 共軍 ( 第 38、39、40、50 軍 ) 和 一個 北韓 軍團 ( 第 1 軍團 )。
To capture Seoul, they deployed four Chinese Communist armies (the 38th, 39th, 40th, and 50th armies) and one North Korean corps (the 1st corps).
經過 一夜 的 戰鬥 ,聯合 國軍 設在 三八線 的 臨津江 防線 被 突破 ,戰鬥力 較弱 的 韓軍 大量 潰退 。
after|one night|possessive particle|battle|United|Nations Army|stationed at|38th parallel|possessive particle|Imjin River|defense line|passive marker|breached|combat effectiveness|relatively weak|possessive particle|Korean Army|large numbers|retreated
After a night of fighting, the United Nations forces' defense line at the 38th parallel, located at the Imjin River, was breached, and the South Korean army, which was relatively weaker, suffered a massive retreat.
這樣 ,就 出現 了 李奇微 在 1951 年 元旦 上午 看到 的 那 一幕 。
like this|then|appeared|past tense marker|Richard Lee|at|year|New Year's Day|morning|saw|possessive particle|that|scene
Thus, the scene that General Ridgway saw on the morning of New Year's Day in 1951 emerged.
然而 ,儘管 聯合國軍 正在 全線 撤退 ,但 這次 撤退 本來 就 在 李奇微 的 計劃 之中 。
however|although|United Nations forces|are|along the entire front|retreat|but|this|retreat|originally|already|in|MacArthur|possessive particle|plan|within
However, despite the United Nations forces retreating across the board, this retreat was originally part of General MacArthur's plan.
雖然 許多 韓 軍部 隊 和 少量 美軍 部隊 陷入 了 潰退 狀態 ,但 大部分 美國 部隊 仍 保持著 建制 、在 有序 地 向 後 撤退 。
although|many|Korean|military|units|and|small number|American|troops|fell into|past tense marker|rout|state|but|most|American|troops|still|maintained|organization|in|orderly|adverbial particle|towards|rear|retreat
Although many South Korean troops and a small number of American forces were in a state of collapse, most American troops remained organized and were retreating in an orderly manner.
1 月 3 日 ,聯合國軍 主動 放棄 首爾 ,並 破壞 了 首爾 的 軍事設施 及 可能 被 敵人 利用 的 民用 設施 。
month|day|United Nations forces|actively|abandoned|Seoul|and|destroyed|past tense marker|Seoul|possessive particle|military facilities|and|possibly|by|enemy|used|possessive particle|civilian|facilities
On January 3, the United Nations forces actively abandoned Seoul and destroyed military facilities in Seoul as well as civilian facilities that could be utilized by the enemy.
在 離開 他 位於 首爾 的 指揮所 前 ,李奇微 將軍 把 一件 破爛 睡衣 釘 在 牆壁 上 ,略帶 幽默 地 在 上面 寫下 了 “ 第 8集團軍 司令官 謹 向 中國 軍隊 總司令 官 致意 ” 這句 話 。
before|leaving|he|located|Seoul|possessive particle|headquarters|before|General MacArthur|general|(indicates the action of putting)|a|tattered|pajamas|nailed|on|wall|on|slightly|humorously|adverbial particle|on|it|wrote|past tense marker|8|army group|commander|respectfully|to|Chinese|army|supreme commander|officer|salute|this|statement
Before leaving his command post in Seoul, General MacArthur pinned a tattered nightgown to the wall and humorously wrote on it, "The Commander of the 8th Army sends his regards to the Commander-in-Chief of the Chinese Army."
在 聯合 國軍 撤離 首爾 時 ,首爾 的 100 萬 居民 中 ,有 50 萬人 因 不 願意 做 共產 極權 陣營 的 奴隸 ,跟隨 聯合 國軍 渡過 了 首爾 以南 冰封 的 漢江 江面 ,向 南 逃難 。
at|United|Nations Army|withdrew|Seoul|when|Seoul|possessive particle|ten thousand|residents|among|there were|people|because|not|willing|to be|communist|totalitarian|camp|possessive particle|slave|followed|United|Nations Army|crossed|past tense marker|Seoul|south of|frozen|possessive particle|Han River|river surface|towards|south|fleeing
When the United Nations forces withdrew from Seoul, among the 1 million residents of Seoul, 500,000 people, unwilling to become slaves of the communist totalitarian camp, followed the United Nations forces across the frozen surface of the Han River south of Seoul, fleeing south.
還有 大批 民眾 在 仁川港 登上 了 聯合 國軍 的 艦船 ,向 後方 轉移 。
there are|a large number of|civilians|at|Incheon Port|boarded|past tense marker|United|Nations Army|possessive particle|warship|towards|rear|transferred
A large number of people also boarded the United Nations ships at Incheon Port, moving to the rear.
韓戰 中 的 人心向背 ,通過 這一 細節 再 明白 不過 地 反映 了 出來 。
Korean War|during|possessive particle|people's support and opposition|through|this|detail|again|clear|nothing more than|adverbial particle|reflection|past tense marker|out
The shifting sentiments during the Korean War are clearly reflected in this detail.
1 月 4 日 ,中共 及 北韓 軍 佔領 首爾 。
month|day|Communist Party of China|and|North Korea|army|occupied|Seoul
On January 4, the Chinese Communist Party and North Korean troops occupied Seoul.
這是 韓國 首都 首爾 在 韓戰 當中 的 第二次 淪陷 。
this is|South Korea|capital|Seoul|in|Korean War|during|possessive particle|second|fall
This is the second fall of Seoul, the capital of South Korea, during the Korean War.
不過 ,中共 、北韓 聯軍 這時 得到 的 首爾 ,只是 一座 既 沒有 軍事 利用 價值 、也 沒有 民心 的 空城 。
however|Chinese Communist Party|North Korea|allied forces|at this time|captured|possessive particle|Seoul|only|a|both|without|military|utilitarian|value|also|without|support from the people|possessive particle|empty city
However, the Seoul that the Chinese Communist Party and North Korean allied forces obtained at this time was just an empty city with no military value and no support from the people.
1 月 6 日 ,美 第 8 集團軍 退至 三七 線 。
month|day|United States|ordinal marker|Army Corps|retreated to|37|line
On January 6, the U.S. 8th Army retreated to the 38th parallel.
第二天 ,李奇微 命令 西線 的 一支 團級 部隊 向北 偵察 ,發現 前線 已 不見 中共 、北韓 聯軍 的 蹤影 。
the next day|MacArthur|ordered|western front|possessive particle|a|regiment-level|unit|to the north|reconnaissance|discovered|front line|already|not seen|Chinese Communist Party|North Korean|allied forces|possessive particle|trace
The next day, MacArthur ordered a brigade-level unit on the western front to scout north, discovering that there were no signs of the Chinese Communist Party and North Korean allied forces at the front.
李奇微 對 中共軍 的 判斷 果然 是 準確 的 :中共軍 的 攻勢 只能 維持 一個 星期 左右 。
MacArthur|towards|Chinese Communist Army|possessive particle|judgment|as expected|is|accurate|possessive particle|Chinese Communist Army|possessive particle|offensive|can only|sustain|one|week|approximately
MacArthur's judgment of the Chinese Communist Army was indeed accurate: the offensive of the Chinese Communist Army could only be sustained for about a week.
現在 ,李奇微 即將 開始 他 的 反擊 了 。
now|Li Qimei|is about to|start|he|possessive particle|counterattack|past action marker
Now, MacArthur is about to begin his counterattack.
三 、和平 大門 的 關閉
three|peace|main gate|possessive particle|closure
3. The Closing of the Door to Peace
那麼 ,同一 時期 的 共產 極權 陣營 一方 ,又 在 經歷 著 什麼 呢 ?
then|same|period|possessive particle|communist|totalitarian|camp|one side|again|at|experiencing|continuous aspect particle|what|question particle
So, what was happening on the other side of the communist totalitarian camp during the same period?
如上 一講 所述 ,在 1950 年 12 月 ,國際 社會 達成 共識 ,在 聯合國大會 上 通過 了 印度 等 十三 國 提出 的 停火 提案 ,希望 韓戰 交戰 雙方 以 三八線 為 界 停戰 。
as mentioned above|one lecture|stated|in|year|month|international|society|reached|consensus|at|United Nations General Assembly|on|passed|past tense marker|India|and other|thirteen|countries|proposed|possessive particle|ceasefire|resolution|hoping|Korean War|warring|both sides|using|38th parallel|as|boundary|ceasefire
As mentioned above, in December 1950, the international community reached a consensus and passed a ceasefire proposal put forward by India and twelve other countries at the United Nations General Assembly, hoping that the warring parties in the Korean War would cease hostilities along the 38th parallel.
作為 前線 中 共軍 總司令 的 彭德懷 ,也 因為 部隊 傷亡 過大 ,不 願意 跨越 三八線 發動 “ 第三次 戰役 ” 。
as|frontline|Chinese|Communist Army|commander-in-chief|possessive particle|Peng Dehuai|also|because|troops|casualties|too great|not|willing|to cross|38th parallel|to launch|third|campaign
As the commander of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army on the front lines, Peng Dehuai was also unwilling to launch the 'Third Campaign' by crossing the 38th parallel due to the heavy casualties of his troops.
然而 ,希望 擴大 戰果 的 斯大林 卻 不能 接受 國際 社會 的 停火 提案 ,希望 將 戰爭 繼續 進行 下去 。
however|hoped|expand|victory|possessive particle|Stalin|but|could not|accept|international|society|possessive particle|ceasefire|proposal|hoped|will|war|continue|conduct|down
However, Stalin, who hoped to expand the war's gains, could not accept the international community's ceasefire proposal and wanted to continue the war.
在 蘇聯 的 嚴令 之下 ,彭德懷 不得不 命令 中共 第 13兵團 跨越 三八線 入侵 韓國 。
under|Soviet Union|possessive particle|strict order|beneath|Peng Dehuai|had to|order|Chinese Communist Party|13|army corps|cross|38th parallel|invade|South Korea
Under the strict orders of the Soviet Union, Peng Dehuai had no choice but to order the Chinese 13th Corps to cross the 38th parallel and invade South Korea.
由於 聯合 國軍 在 李奇微 的 指揮 下 迅速 退向 了 三七 線 ,中 共軍 雖然 經過 數天 的 戰鬥 佔領 了 首爾 ,卻 並 沒 有 對 聯合 國軍 造成 任何 有效 打擊 ,反而 加重 了 他們 自身 的 傷亡 。
due to|United|Nations Army|under|MacArthur|possessive particle|command|under|rapidly|retreated toward|past tense marker|37th|parallel|in|Communist Army|although|after|several days|possessive particle|fighting|occupied|past tense marker|Seoul|but|not|did not|have|against|United|Nations Army|cause|any|effective|blow|on the contrary|increased|past tense marker|their|own|possessive particle|casualties
Due to the rapid retreat of the United Nations forces under the command of MacArthur to the 38th parallel, although the Chinese Communist forces occupied Seoul after several days of fighting, they did not inflict any effective damage on the United Nations forces, but instead increased their own casualties.
1 月 7 日 0 時 , 分別 擔任 中共 、 北韓 軍 聯合 司令部 ( 簡稱 “ 聯司 ”) 正副 司令 的 彭德懷 與 北韓 大將 金雄 下令 前線 各部 停止 進攻 , 結束 “ 第三次 戰役 ”, 轉入 休整 , 等到 春季 再 發起 新 的 攻勢 。
At 0:00 on January 7, Peng Dehuai and North Korean General Kim Il Sung, who served as the commander and deputy commander of the Chinese and North Korean joint command (referred to as 'Joint Command'), ordered all front-line units to cease offensive operations, ending the 'Third Campaign' and transitioning to rest, planning to launch a new offensive in the spring.
( 中國 軍事科學院 編 :《 抗美援朝戰爭 史 》 第二卷 第九章 ) 因此 , 這 一天 從 三七 線向北 進行 偵察 的 聯合 國軍 沒有 發現 中 共軍 的 蹤影 。
(Compiled by the Chinese Academy of Military Sciences: 'History of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea' Volume 2, Chapter 9) Therefore, on this day, the United Nations forces conducting reconnaissance north of the 38th parallel did not find any traces of the Chinese Communist forces.
彭德懷 之所以 迅速 結束 “第三次 戰役 ”,是 因為 此時 的 中共 第 13兵團 不但 補給 困難 ,而且 也 因為 連續作戰 蒙受 了 慘重 的 傷亡 。
Peng Dehuai|the reason why|quickly|ended|third|campaign|is|because|at this time|possessive particle|Chinese Communist Party|13|corps|not only|supply|difficult|but also|also|because|continuous combat|suffered|past tense marker|heavy|possessive particle|casualties
The reason Peng Dehuai quickly ended the 'Third Campaign' was that at this time, the Chinese Communist 13th Corps was not only facing supply difficulties but also suffered heavy casualties due to continuous combat.
根據 所謂 的 “ 志願軍 ” 黨委 在 1 月 8 日向 中共中央 的 報告 , 中共 第 13 兵團 經過 “ 三個 戰役 , 共 傷亡 約 近 三萬人 , 凍傷 、 逃 、 病約 兩萬 至 兩萬五千 人 ”, 已經 付出 了 5 萬 —5.5 萬人 的 損失 。
According to the report from the so-called "Volunteer Army" Party Committee to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on January 8, the 13th Corps of the Communist Party of China suffered approximately 30,000 casualties after "three campaigns," with about 20,000 to 25,000 more suffering from frostbite, desertion, and illness, resulting in a total loss of 50,000 to 55,000 personnel.
其中 ,就算 戰鬥力 強悍 的 第 38 軍 ,其 兵力 也 從 原有 的 4.5 萬 — 5 萬 人 下降 到 3.4 萬餘 人 。
among them|even if|combat effectiveness|formidable|possessive particle|ordinal number particle|army|its|troop strength|also|from|originally had|possessive particle|ten thousand|ten thousand|people|decreased|to|more than ten thousand|people
Among them, even the formidable 38th Army saw its strength decrease from the original 45,000 to 50,000 personnel to just over 34,000.
此時 ,中共 第 13兵團 已 是 強弩之末 ,陷入 了 再 不 休整 、補充 就 “難以 繼續 作戰 ”的 窘境 。
at this time|Chinese Communist Party|13|corps|already|is|at the end of its strength|fell into|past tense marker|again|not|rest|resupply|then|difficult to|continue|combat|possessive particle|predicament
At this point, the 13th Corps of the Communist Party of China was at the end of its rope, trapped in a situation where it would be "difficult to continue operations" without further rest and reinforcements.
( 中國 軍事科學院 編 :《 抗美援朝戰爭 史 》 第二卷 第九章 )
(Compiled by the Chinese Academy of Military Sciences: "History of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea," Volume 2, Chapter 9)
但是 ,對於 彭德懷 停止 進攻 的 行為 ,蘇聯 駐華 軍事 總 顧問 扎 哈羅 夫 和 北韓 政權 首腦 金日成 卻 表示 了 強烈 的 反對 。
but|regarding|Peng Dehuai|stop|offensive|possessive particle|action|Soviet Union|stationed in China|military|chief|advisor|Zha|Harov|suffix for male names|and|North Korea|regime|leader|Kim Il-sung|however|expressed|past tense marker|strong|possessive particle|opposition
However, regarding Peng Dehuai's decision to stop the offensive, Soviet military advisor to China Zakharov and North Korean leader Kim Il-sung expressed strong opposition.
1 月 9 日 ,扎 哈羅 夫 稱 :“世界 上 哪 有 打勝仗 的 軍隊 不 追擊 敵人 ,不 發展 勝利 成果 的 呢 ?
month|day|Zha|Hala|Fu|said|world|on|where|has|winning|possessive particle|army|not|pursuing|enemy|not|developing|victory|results|possessive particle|question particle
On January 9, Zakharov stated: "Is there any army in the world that wins a battle without pursuing the enemy and without developing the fruits of victory?"
”隨後 ,金日成 在 與 彭德懷 進行 的 會談 中 ,也 與 彭德懷 進行 了 爭執 。
subsequently|Kim Il-sung|at|with|Peng Dehuai|conducted|(possessive particle)|talks|during|also|with|Peng Dehuai|conducted|past tense marker|argument
Subsequently, Kim Il-sung also had a dispute with Peng Dehuai during their talks.
1 月 11 日 ,蘇聯 駐 北韓 大使 祖 瓦耶夫 在 聽取 了 金日成 的 彙報 後 ,向 斯大林 表示 彭德懷 “右傾 保守 ,按兵不動 ,不 乘勝追擊 。
month|day|Soviet Union|stationed|North Korea|ambassador|Zu|Vayev|at|listening to|past tense marker|Kim Il-sung|possessive particle|report|after|to|Stalin|expressed|Peng Dehuai|right-leaning|conservative|not taking action|not|pursuing victory
On January 11, Soviet ambassador to North Korea Zuvayev, after listening to Kim Il-sung's report, told Stalin that Peng Dehuai was "right-leaning and conservative, not taking action and not pursuing the victory."
”在 這樣 的 情況 下 ,斯大林 還 算 保留 了 一點 理智 。
in|this way|possessive particle|situation|under|Stalin|still|considered|retained|past tense marker|a little|rationality
In this situation, Stalin still retained a bit of rationality.
1 月 13 日 ,斯大林 致電 祖瓦耶夫 ,表示 彭德懷 暫停 進攻 的 決策 是 正確 的 。
month|day|Stalin|telegraphed|Zhvayev|indicated|Peng Dehuai|suspension|offensive|possessive particle|decision|is|correct|particle
On January 13, Stalin called Zhu Vaye, stating that Peng Dehuai's decision to suspend the offensive was correct.
這樣 ,在 斯大林 的 “一錘定音 ”下 ,彭德懷 停止 進攻 的 行為 得到 了 保障 。
like this|under|Stalin|possessive particle|decisive blow|under|Peng Dehuai|stopped|attack|possessive particle|action|received|past tense marker|guarantee
Thus, under Stalin's 'final word', Peng Dehuai's action of halting the offensive was guaranteed.
金日成 隨後 也 向 彭德懷 錶示 ,部隊 進行 兩個 月 的 休整 是 正確 的 。
Kim Il-sung|subsequently|also|to|Peng Dehuai|indicated|troops|conducting|two|months|possessive particle|rest and reorganization|is|correct|particle
Kim Il-sung also expressed to Peng Dehuai that it was correct for the troops to undergo two months of rest.
( 沈志華 :《 朝鮮戰爭 : 俄國 檔案館 的 解密 文件 》 代序 ,《 中央研究院 近代史 研究所 史料 叢刊 (48)》, 臺灣 中央研究院 近代史 研究所 ,2003 年 )
(Shen Zhihua: "The Korean War: Declassified Documents from the Russian Archives" Preface, "Collected Historical Materials of the Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica (48)," Academia Sinica, Institute of Modern History, Taiwan, 2003)
然而 ,斯大林 僅僅 只是 同意 中共 、北韓 聯軍 暫停 進攻 ,卻 並 沒有 任何 進行 停火 的 打算 。
however|Stalin|only|just|agreed|Chinese Communist Party|North Korea|allied forces|to suspend|offensive|but|not|have no|any|conducting|ceasefire|possessive particle|intention
However, Stalin only agreed to the temporary suspension of attacks by the Chinese Communist Party and North Korean allied forces, but had no intention of initiating a ceasefire.
此時 ,國際 社會 仍 在 為了 和平 盡 最後 的 努力 。
at this time|international|society|still|in|for the sake of|peace|make|final|possessive particle|efforts
At this time, the international community was still making its final efforts for peace.
1 月 13 日 ,聯合國大會 通過 了 一份 新 決議 ,主張 在 朝鮮半島 立即 實現 停火 、舉行 一次 政治 會議 以 恢復 和平 ,並 希望 外國 部隊 分階段 撤離 ,以及 按照 聯合國 制訂 的 原則 選舉 朝鮮半島 上 的 政府 。
month|day|United Nations General Assembly|passed|past tense marker|a|new|resolution|advocated|in|Korean Peninsula|immediately|achieve|ceasefire|hold|one|political|meeting|in order to|restore|peace|and|hope|foreign|troops|in phases|withdraw|and|according to|United Nations|established|possessive particle|principles|elect|Korean Peninsula|on|possessive particle|government
On January 13, the United Nations General Assembly passed a new resolution advocating for an immediate ceasefire on the Korean Peninsula, holding a political conference to restore peace, and hoping for the phased withdrawal of foreign troops, as well as elections for a government on the Korean Peninsula according to principles set by the United Nations.
此外 ,還要 安排 一次 由 美 、英 、蘇 三國 及 中共 代表 參加 的 會議 ,一次性 解決 包括 臺灣 問題 在內 的 所有 遠東 問題 。
in addition|also need to|arrange|one time|by|United States|United Kingdom|Soviet Union|three countries|and|Chinese Communist Party|representatives|participate|(possessive particle)|conference|in one go|resolve|including|Taiwan|issue|within|(possessive particle)|all|Far East|issues
In addition, a meeting attended by representatives from the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and the Chinese Communist Party should be arranged to resolve all Far East issues, including the Taiwan issue, in one go.
如果 “立即 停火 ”能夠 達成 ,中共軍 就 能 在 停火 後 暫時 維持 對 首爾 的 佔領 ,這一 提案 給 中共 開出 的 條件 比 一個月 前 的 “十 三 國 提案 ”更為 優厚 。
if|immediately|ceasefire|can|be achieved|Chinese Communist Army|then|can|in|ceasefire|after|temporarily|maintain|against|Seoul|possessive particle|occupation|this|proposal|give|Chinese Communist Party|offered|possessive particle|conditions|than|one month|ago|possessive particle|thirteen|three|country|proposal|more|favorable
If an "immediate ceasefire" can be achieved, the Chinese Communist forces will be able to temporarily maintain their occupation of Seoul after the ceasefire. This proposal offers conditions to the Chinese Communist Party that are more favorable than the "Thirteen Nations Proposal" from a month ago.
不過 ,在 希望 將 共產 極權 陣營 勢力 繼續 擴張 下去 的 斯大林 來看 ,這一 停火 提案 仍然 不能 滿足 他 的 胃口 。
however|in|hopes|will|communist|totalitarian|camp|influence|continue|expansion|down|(possessive particle)|Stalin|from the perspective of|this|ceasefire|proposal|still|cannot|satisfy|his|(possessive particle)|appetite
However, from Stalin's perspective, who hopes to continue the expansion of the communist totalitarian camp, this ceasefire proposal still does not satisfy his appetite.
1 月 17 日 ,經過 毛澤東 向 斯大林 的 請示 ,中共 拒絕 了 這個 新 的 停火協議 ,從而 堵上 了 和平 的 大門 。
month|day|after|Mao Zedong|to|Stalin|possessive particle|request for instructions|Chinese Communist Party|rejected|past tense marker|this|new|possessive particle|ceasefire agreement|thus|blocked|past tense marker|peace|possessive particle|main door
On January 17, after Mao Zedong consulted with Stalin, the Chinese Communist Party rejected this new ceasefire agreement, thereby closing the door to peace.
(沈志華 :《朝鮮戰爭:俄國檔案館的解密文件》 代序 )對於 共產 極權 陣營 在 如此 優厚 的 條件 下 仍然 拒絕 停火 ,國際 社會 深感 震驚 ,也 堅定 了 在 朝鮮半島 戰鬥 下去 的 決心 。
Shen Zhihua|||Foreword|regarding|communist|totalitarian|camp|under|such|favorable|possessive particle|conditions|under|still|refused|ceasefire|international|community|deeply felt|shock|also|strengthened|past tense marker|in|Korean Peninsula|fighting|continue|possessive particle|determination
(Shen Zhihua: "The Korean War: Declassified Documents from the Russian Archives" Preface) The international community was deeply shocked that the communist totalitarian camp still refused to cease fire under such favorable conditions, which also strengthened their determination to continue fighting on the Korean Peninsula.
2 月 1 日 ,聯合國大會 以 44 票 贊成 、5 票 反對 (蘇聯 、印度 等 )、7 票 棄權 (南斯拉夫 等 )通過 了 美國 代表 奧斯汀 提出 的 “譴責 中國 為 侵略者 案 ”。
month|day|United Nations General Assembly|with|votes|in favor|votes|against|Soviet Union|India|etc|votes|abstained|Yugoslavia|etc|passed|past tense marker|United States|representative|Austin|proposed|possessive particle|condemnation|China|as|aggressor|resolution
On February 1, the United Nations General Assembly passed the "Condemnation of China as an Aggressor" resolution proposed by the U.S. representative Austin with 44 votes in favor, 5 against (including the Soviet Union, India, etc.), and 7 abstentions (including Yugoslavia, etc.).
至此 ,中國 被 國際 社會 明確 定義 成為 對 大韓民國 發動 侵略戰爭 的 侵略者 。
up to this point|China|(passive marker)|international|society|clearly|defined|to become|against|Republic of Korea|launching|war of aggression|(possessive particle)|aggressor
At this point, China was clearly defined by the international community as an aggressor that launched an invasion war against the Republic of Korea.
( 中國 軍事科學院 編 :《 抗美援朝戰爭 史 》 第二卷 第十一章 ; 貝文 · 亞歷山大 :《 朝鮮 : 我們 第一次 戰敗 》 第五十一章 《 艾奇遜 的 計謀 》) 而 與此同時 , 李奇微 在 前線 的 第一次 反攻 作戰 , 已經 開始 了 。
(Compiled by the Chinese Academy of Military Sciences: "History of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea" Volume II, Chapter 11; Bevin Alexander: "Korea: Our First Defeat" Chapter 51 "Acheson's Scheme") Meanwhile, MacArthur's first counteroffensive operation at the front had already begun.
SENT_CWT:AFkKFwvL=4.72 PAR_TRANS:gpt-4o-mini=5.75
en:AFkKFwvL
openai.2025-02-07
ai_request(all=145 err=0.00%) translation(all=116 err=0.00%) cwt(all=2316 err=11.96%)