羅馬帝國 歷史 ， 古羅馬 歷史 ， 凱撒大帝 ， 凱撒 的 遺囑 ， 屋 大維 ， 馬克 安東尼 ， 羅馬 安東尼 ， 羅馬 屋 大維 ， 奧斯 古都 屋 大維 ， 羅馬 第壹個 皇帝 ， 古羅馬 史 ， 歐洲 歷史 ， 歐洲 簡史 罗马帝国历史，古罗马历史，凯撒大帝，凯撒的遗嘱，屋大维，马克安东尼，罗马安东尼，罗马屋大维，奥斯古都屋大维，罗马第壹个皇帝，古罗马史，欧洲历史，欧洲简史 History of the Roman Empire, History of Ancient Rome, Julius Caesar, Caesar's will, Octavian, Mark Antony, Roman Antony, Roman Octavian, Augustus, the first emperor of Rome, Ancient Roman history, European history, Brief history of Europe.

古羅馬 從 公元前 509 年 塔克文 被 趕出去 之後 Ancient Rome|from|BC|year|Tarquin|was|expelled|after ||||||쫓겨나다| Ancient Rome was established after Tarquin was expelled in 509 BC.

羅馬 就 沒有 過 帝王 ，當時 實行 的 是 共和制 Rome|then|did not|have|emperors|at that time|implemented|past tense marker|was|republican system ||||||실행하고|||공화제 Rome did not have emperors at that time; it was a republic.

後來 凱撒 上位 later|Caesar|ascended to power ||즉위 후에 카이사르가 권력을 잡았다. Later, Caesar rose to power.

他 加強 中央集權 He|strengthens|centralization of power |강화|중앙집권 그는 중앙집권을 강화했다. He strengthened central authority.

采取 壹 系列 的 改革 措施 adopt|one|series|possessive particle|reform|measures |일|시리즈|||조치 일련의 개혁 조치를 취했다. A series of reform measures were taken.

而 這些 措施 卻 削弱 了 元老 貴族 勢力 but|these|measures|however|weakened|past tense marker|elder|aristocracy|power ||||||원로|| 그런데 이러한 조치들은 원로 귀족 세력을 약화시켰다. However, these measures weakened the power of the aristocrats.

所以 壹 部分 的 元老 貴族 相當 的 不滿 凱撒 so|one|part|possessive particle|senator|noble|quite|possessive particle|discontent|Caesar ||||||상당히||불만| 그래서 일부 원로 귀족들은 카이사르에 대해 상당히 불만을 품고 있었다. As a result, some of the aristocrats were quite dissatisfied with Caesar.

公元前 44 年 的 時候 BC|year|possessive particle|time 기원전 44년의 때 In 44 BC,

凱撒 最終 被 他們 亂 劍 砍 了 23 刀 Caesar|ultimately|by|they|wildly|sword|hacked|past tense marker|wounds |||||검||| Caesar was ultimately stabbed 23 times by them. 카이사르는 결국 그들에게 23번 칼에 맞아 죽었다.

死 在 了 元老院 die|in|past tense marker|Senate |||원로원 Died in the Senate 원로원에서 죽었다.

凱撒 的 故事 Caesar|possessive particle|story The story of Caesar 카이사르의 이야기

我 放在 說明 區 有 興趣 的 朋友 可以 去 看 壹 下 I|put|explanation|area|has|interest|possessive particle|friend|can|go|look|one|time I put it in the description area for friends who are interested to take a look 내가 설명란에 놓은 것에 관심이 있는 친구는 한 번 보러 가면 된다

凱撒 死 了 之後 Caesar|die|past tense marker|after After Caesar died

在 他 的 手下 壹個 小弟 安東尼 的 家裏 宣讀 他 的 遺囑 at|he|possessive particle|underling|one|younger brother|Anthony|possessive particle|home|read|his|possessive particle|will ||||하나||||집|||| His subordinate, a little brother named Antony, read his will at home

順便 說 壹 下 by the way|say|one|time By the way, let me mention one thing.

這個 時候 他 手下 有 兩個 比較 出 挑 的 小弟 this|time|he|underlings|has|two|relatively|outstanding|picky|possessive particle|younger brothers At this time, he had two relatively outstanding subordinates.

壹個 是 安東尼 one|is|Anthony One of them is Anthony.

他 是 凱撒 堅定 的 支持者 He|is|Caesar|staunch|possessive particle|supporter He is a staunch supporter of Caesar.

也 是 凱撒 的 壹個 遠親 also|is|Caesar|possessive particle|one|distant relative He is also a distant relative of Caesar.

壹個 叫 雷必達 one|is called|Leibaida A person named Lepidus.

早年 就 追隨 凱撒 ，成為 凱撒 最 親信 的 將領 之壹 in early years|already|followed|Caesar|became|Caesar|most|trusted|possessive particle|general|one In his early years, he followed Caesar and became one of Caesar's most trusted generals.

先 記住 這 兩個 人 first|remember|these|two|people First, remember these two people.

凱撒 的 遺囑 是 公元前 45 年 的 時候 立下 的 Caesar|possessive particle|will|is|BC|year|past action particle|time|established|past action particle Caesar's will was established in 45 BC.

壹直 保存 的 壹個 女 祭司長 的 手中 always|kept|possessive particle|one|female|high priest|possessive particle|in hand It has been kept in the hands of a female high priest.

遺囑 中 will|in Will

凱撒 指定 了 他 姐姐 的 三個 孫子 為 自己 的 繼承人 Caesar|designated|past tense marker|he|sister|possessive particle|three|grandsons|as|himself|possessive particle|heir Caesar designated three grandsons of his sister as his heirs.

其中 有個 叫 屋 大維 的 小哥 得到 遺產 最 多 among|there is a|named|Wu|Dawei|possessive particle|young man|receives|inheritance|most|many Among them, a younger brother named Octavian received the most inheritance.

凱撒 75% 的 遺產 都 留給 了 他 Caesar|possessive particle|inheritance|all|left to|past tense marker|him Caesar left 75% of his estate to him.

此外 in addition In addition,

他 把 極盡 華美 的 臺伯河 的 花園 留給 了 人民 公用 he|(a particle indicating the disposal of an object)|utmost|magnificent|possessive particle|Tiber River|possessive particle|garden|left to|past tense marker|people|public use He left the beautifully magnificent gardens of the Tiber River for the public.

並且 贈予 每個 公民 300 塞 斯特爾 提 烏斯 and|grant|every|citizen|Sesterces|Stater|to|Uus And he granted each citizen 300 Sestertii.

壹個 塞 斯特爾 提 烏斯 ， 按 當時 的 物價 差不多 可以 One Sestertius could, at that time's prices, buy about two bottles of wine and some bread.

買 兩瓶 葡萄酒 和 壹些 面包 buy|two bottles|wine|and|some|bread Although this amount of money isn't considered very much.

這筆 錢 雖然 也 不算 非常 多 吧 this|money|although|also|not considered|very|much|question particle This amount of money is not very large, right?

但是 好歹 也 是 凱撒 無償 送給 平民 們 的 but|at least|also|is|Caesar|free of charge|given to|civilians|plural marker|possessive particle But at least it was something that Caesar generously gave to the common people.

而且 之前 凱撒 就 對 平民 們 不錯 and|before|Caesar|already|towards|civilians|plural marker|not bad Moreover, Caesar had treated the common people well before.

加上 安東尼 在 凱撒 葬禮 上 在 人民 的 面前 壹通 聲淚俱下 的 演說 plus|Antony|at|Caesar|funeral|on|in|people|possessive particle|presence|a|tearful|possessive particle|speech In addition, Antony gave a tearful speech in front of the people at Caesar's funeral.

他 說 he|says He said,

” 凱撒 並 沒有 什 麽 野心 "Caesar had no ambition."

為了 大家 鞠躬盡瘁 for the sake of|everyone|to devote oneself fully To dedicate oneself to everyone.

死得 如何 如何 的 冤 die|how|how|possessive particle|injustice How tragic and unjust the death was.

死 得 怎 麽 怎 麽 慘 等等等等 “ How miserable the death was, and so on.

所以 大多數 的 群眾 都 還是 心 向 凱撒 的 so|the majority|possessive particle|crowd|all|still|heart|towards|Caesar|possessive particle Therefore, most of the crowd still looks up to Caesar.

都 擁護 和 支持 凱撒 的 愛將 all|support|and|support|Caesar|possessive particle|beloved general They all support and back Caesar's beloved general.

安東尼 和 雷必達 ，元老院 卻 並 不是 ，和 群眾 相反 Antony|and|Lepidus|Senate|but|not|is|and|the people|contrary Anthony and Lepidus, however, are not with the Senate, contrary to the masses.

元老院 大多 都 支持 這壹次 的 謀殺 Senate|mostly|all|support|this time|possessive particle|murder The Senate mostly supports this murder.

於是 就 形成 了 凱撒 小弟 安東尼 和 雷必達 以及 民眾 主張 嚴懲 兇手 then|just|formed|past tense marker|Caesar|younger brother|Antony|and|Lepidus|as well as|the public|advocated|severe punishment|murderer Thus, a faction formed with Caesar's followers Anthony and Lepidus, along with the public, advocating for severe punishment of the murderer.

為 凱撒 報仇 的 壹 派 for|Caesar|revenge|possessive particle|one|faction A faction for avenging Caesar.

和 元老院 認為 and|Senate|believes And the Senate believes.

凱撒 搞 獨裁 Caesar|engaged in|dictatorship Caesar is engaging in dictatorship.

他 死有余辜 ，保護 兇手 的 另 壹 派 he|deserves to die|protecting|murderer|possessive particle|another|one|faction He deserved to die, protecting another faction of the murderer.

兩派 對峙 的 局面 two factions|confrontation|possessive particle|situation The standoff between the two factions.

雙方 都 不 讓步 both sides|all|not|compromise Neither side is willing to compromise.

最後 他們 達成 了 壹個 協議 finally|they|reached|past tense marker|one|agreement In the end, they reached an agreement.

凱撒 的 暗殺 案件 不再 追究 Caesar|possessive particle|assassination|case|no longer|pursue The assassination case of Caesar will no longer be pursued.

但是 所有 凱撒 的 法律 和 命令 都 應當 被 批準 but|all|Caesar|possessive particle|laws|and|orders|all|should|passive marker|approved However, all of Caesar's laws and orders should be approved.

接著 說 回 遺囑 then|said|about|will Next, let's talk about the will.

遺囑 中 凱撒 還 為 自己 可能 出世 的 孩子 指定 了 監護人 will|in|Caesar|still|for|himself|possibly|born|possessive particle|child|designated|past tense marker|guardian In the will, Caesar also designated guardians for the children he might have.

不過 諷刺 的 是 however|irony|possessive particle|is However, ironically,

其中 有 幾個 監護人 都 是 參與 謀殺 他 的 兇手 among them|there are|several|guardians|all|are|involved in|murder|him|possessive particle|killers Among them, several guardians are the murderers who participated in his assassination.

簡單 點 來說 simply|to the point|speaking To put it simply,

這份 遺囑 的 重點 就是 凱撒 安排 了 屋 大維 上位 this|will|possessive particle|key point|is|Caesar|arranged|past tense marker|Mark|Antony|ascension the key point of this will is that Caesar arranged for Octavian to take power.

那 麽 為 什 麽 凱撒 選 的 是 屋 大維 而 不是 別人 呢 ？ So why did Caesar choose Octavian instead of someone else?

這個 屋 大維 是 誰 ？ this|house|David|is|who Who is this Octavian?

屋 大維 是 凱撒 姐姐 的 孫子 Wu|Dawei|is|Caesar|sister|possessive particle|grandson Octavius is the grandson of Caesar's sister.

後來 凱撒 還 把 他 認作 養子 ，繼承 了 凱撒 的 名字 later|Caesar|also|(particle indicating the action of the verb)|he|recognized as|adopted son|inherited|past tense marker|Caesar|possessive particle|name Later, Caesar also recognized him as his adopted son, inheriting Caesar's name.

也 可以 叫 他 小 凱撒 吧 also|can|call|he|little|Caesar|suggestion particle He can also be called Little Caesar.

因為 是 親戚 because|is|relative Because he is a relative.

在 他 很小 的 時候 就 受到 凱撒 的 賞識 at|he|very young|possessive particle|time|already|received|Caesar|possessive particle|appreciation He was appreciated by Caesar when he was very young.

15 歲 的 時候 被 選入 大祭司 團 years|possessive particle|when|passive marker|selected into|high priest|group At the age of 15, he was selected into the priesthood.

還 曾經 任命 為 凱撒 騎兵 隊長 still|once|appointed|as|Caesar|cavalry|captain He was also appointed as the captain of Caesar's cavalry.

凱撒 壹直 都 對 他 盡心盡力 的 培養 ， 凱撒 遇刺 的 時候 屋 大維 18 歲 Caesar had always devoted himself to training him, and when Caesar was assassinated, Octavian was 18 years old.

他 正在 外地 接受 軍事訓練 He|is currently|abroad|receiving|military training He was receiving military training in a foreign land.

他 得到 這個 消息 之後 就 回到 羅馬 he|received|this|news|after|then|returned to|Rome After receiving this news, he returned to Rome.

準備 繼承 凱撒 的 遺產 prepare|inherit|Caesar|possessive particle|inheritance Preparing to inherit Caesar's legacy

但是 這壹切 都 並 不是 很 順利 but|all of this|all|not|is not|very|smooth However, everything was not going smoothly

因為 當時 大權在握 的 安東尼 根本 就 不 把 屋 大維 放在眼裏 because|at that time|in complete control of power|possessive particle|Antony|fundamentally|at all|not|(preposition for handling objects)|Octavian|Octavian|regarded as a threat Because at that time, Antony, who held great power, did not take Octavian seriously at all

覺得 這個 十幾歲 小屁孩 算個 什 麽 東西 啊 He thought, what is this teenager worth?

在 安東尼 的 阻撓 下 under|Anthony|possessive particle|obstruction|down Under Antony's obstruction

屋 大維 並 沒有 得到 全部 的 凱撒 遺產 house|David|and|did not|receive|all|possessive particle|Caesar|inheritance Octavian did not receive all of Caesar's inheritance.

後來 安東尼 還 不斷 打壓 屋 大維 later|Anthony|still|continuously|suppressed|Wu|Dawei Later, Antony continued to suppress Octavian.

這 兩 人 沖突 就 愈演愈烈 this|two|people|conflict|then|increasingly severe The conflict between these two escalated.

再 來看 壹下 元老院 這邊 ，也 沒有 好 到 哪裏 去 again|to look at|a moment|Senate|over here|also|not|good|to|where|go Looking at the Senate, it wasn't any better.

他們 以為 殺 了 凱撒 就 能 改變 凱撒 獨裁 的 局面 They|thought|kill|past tense marker|Caesar|then|could|change|Caesar|dictatorship|possessive particle|situation They thought that by killing Caesar, they could change the situation of Caesar's dictatorship.

沒有 想到 接著 又 來 壹個 安東尼 ，也 是 壹個 不 省心 的 did not|think of|then|again|come|one|Anthony|also|is|one|not|worry-free|particle Did not expect that another Antony would come, who is also a troublesome one.

敵人 的 敵人 就是 朋友 enemy|possessive particle|enemy|is|friend The enemy of my enemy is my friend.

為了 牽制 安東尼 ，元老院 就 準備 扶植 屋 大維 上位 in order to|restrain|Antony|Senate|then|prepared|support|Octavian|Octavian|rise to power In order to restrain Antony, the Senate prepared to support Octavian to rise to power.

畢竟 他 本來 就是 凱撒 的 合法 繼承人 after all|he|originally|is|Caesar|possessive particle|legitimate|heir After all, he is the legitimate heir of Caesar.

有 身份 在 那 擺 著 呢 have|identity|at|that|placed|continuous aspect particle|question particle His identity is there, after all.

而 這時 and|at this time At this time,

凱撒 以前 的 那些 軍隊 們 Caesar|before|possessive particle|those|soldiers|plural marker the armies that Caesar had before,

壹 部分 自然 就 跟 了 安東尼 ，壹 部分 跟 了 雷必達 one|part|naturally|then|followed|past tense marker|Anthony|one|part|followed|past tense marker|Lebron some naturally followed Antony, while some followed Lepidus.

還有 更大 的 壹 部分 there is still|larger|possessive particle|one|part And there was an even larger portion,

其實 是 在 觀望 actually|is|in|observing which was actually observing.

他們 也 不 知道 跟 誰 They|also|not|know|with|who They also do not know who to follow.

而 這時候 and|at this moment And at this moment,

屋 大維 就 在 凱撒 老 部下 中間 遊走 house|David|then|at|Caesar|old|subordinate|in between|maneuvering Octavius was moving among Caesar's old subordinates.

加上 他 背後 有 元老院 撐腰 plus|he|behind|has|Senate|support Plus, he had the support of the Senate behind him.

逐漸 的 就 獲得 了 平民 和 凱撒 老兵 的 支持 gradually|possessive particle|then|gained|past tense marker|civilians|and|Caesar|veterans|possessive particle|support Gradually, he gained the support of the common people and Caesar's veterans.

自己 組建 出 壹支 精銳 的 部隊 oneself|to form|to produce|a|elite|possessive particle|unit Forming an elite unit by oneself.

稍微 理壹下 ，羅馬 的 遊戲 桌上 大概 有 這 麽 幾個 玩家 a little|think it over|Rome|possessive particle|game|on the table|probably|has|this|question particle|several|players If we sort it out a bit, there are probably this many players on the Roman game board.

1，安東尼 ，2，雷必達 ，3， 屋 大維 ，4，元老院 Antony|Lepidus|||Senate 1. Antony, 2. Lepidus, 3. Octavian, 4. The Senate.

公元前 43 年 的 時候 BC|year|possessive particle|time In the year 43 BC.

安東尼 卸任 執政官 後 任高盧 總督 Antony|resigned|consul|after|appointed governor of Gaul|governor After Antony stepped down as consul, he became the governor of Gaul.

而 凱撒 生前 任命 的 是 布魯圖 為 高盧 的 總督 and|Caesar|during his lifetime|appointed|(possessive particle)|was|Brutus|as|Gaul|(possessive particle)|governor Caesar appointed Brutus as the governor of Gaul during his lifetime.

這個 布魯圖 也 是 壹個 有 故事 的 同學 this|Brutus|also|is|a|has|story|possessive particle|classmate This Brutus is also a classmate with a story.

他 很 有 可能 就是 凱撒 的 私生子 he|very|has|likely|just|Caesar|possessive particle|illegitimate son He is very likely to be Caesar's illegitimate son.

所以 凱撒 對 他 非常 非常 照顧 so|Caesar|to|him|very|very|takes care of Therefore, Caesar took very good care of him.

而且 布魯圖 的 媽 就是 凱撒 情婦 之壹 and|Brutus|possessive particle|mother|is|Caesar|mistress|one of Moreover, Brutus's mother was one of Caesar's mistresses.

這個 布魯圖 是 刺殺 凱撒 兇手 之壹 this|Brutus|is|assassination|Caesar|murderer|one of This Brutus is one of the assassins of Caesar.

安東尼 和 布魯圖 Antony|and|Brutus Antony and Brutus.

為了 爭奪 高盧 in order to|compete for|Gaul In order to compete for Gaul.

雙方 就 產生 了 沖突 both parties|regarding|produced|past tense marker|conflict Conflicts arose between the two sides.

安東尼 出兵 攻打 布魯圖 Antony|mobilize troops|attack|Brutus Antony dispatched troops to attack Brutus.

元老院 為了 幫 布魯圖 就 派 屋大維 去 救援 Senate|in order to|help|Brutus|then|sent|Octavian|to|rescue The Senate sent Octavian to rescue Brutus.

兩 軍 終於 對峙 two|armies|finally|confronted The two armies finally faced off.

按照 常理 來說 according to|common sense|speaking According to common sense,

屋 大維 壹個 初出茅廬 小孩 house|Dawei|one|inexperienced|child Octavian, a young novice,

應該 不是 安東尼 這個 老油條 的 對手 should|not|Anthony|this|old hand|possessive particle|opponent should not be a match for the seasoned Antony.

可是 人家 就是 打贏 了 but|they|just|won|past tense marker But they just won.

經過 兩次 激戰 after|two times|fierce battles After two fierce battles.

安東尼 軍 慘敗 Antony|army|disastrous defeat Anthony's army suffered a disastrous defeat.

他 只好 率 殘部 轉移 he|had no choice but to|lead|remaining troops|retreat He had no choice but to lead the remnants to retreat.

為什 麽 他 會輸 ? Why did he lose?

究其原因 to investigate the reason To get to the bottom of it

也不是 屋 大維 打仗 多有 天賦 not also|house|David|fighting|very much|talent It is not that Octavian had a great talent for fighting.

兩 軍 本來 就 都 是 凱撒 的 舊部 two|armies|originally|already|both|are|Caesar|possessive particle|old troops Both armies were originally Caesar's old troops.

屋 大維 畢竟 是 正統 的 凱撒 繼承人 Wu|David|after all|is|legitimate|possessive particle|Caesar|heir After all, Octavian is the legitimate heir of Caesar.

安東尼 的 軍隊 從 心理 上 也許 就 不 願意 跟 屋 大維 同室操戈 Anthony|possessive particle|army|from|psychologically|on|perhaps|then|not|willing|with|Octavius|Augustus|fight in the same room Perhaps psychologically, Antony's army was unwilling to fight against Octavian.

而 屋 大維 軍 覺得 自己 是 正牌 貨 and|house|Dawei|Jun|feels|himself|is|genuine|product And Octavian felt that he was the real deal.

當然 士氣 大增 of course|morale|greatly increased Of course, morale was greatly boosted.

戰爭 結束 之後 war|end|after After the war ended,

元老院 並 沒有 對屋 大維 進行 表彰 the Senate|and|did not|to Wu|Dawei|carry out|commendation the Senate did not commend Octavian.

本來 嘛 屋 大維 就是 元老院 對付 安東尼 的 壹顆 棋子 而已 originally|particle indicating obviousness|house|David|is just|Senate|deal with|Antony|possessive particle|one|chess piece|only Originally, Octavian was just a pawn for the Senate to deal with Antony.

屋 大維 自己 也 意識到 這壹點 ，這個 小哥 年輕 歸 年輕 Wu|Dawei|himself|also|realized|this point|this|young man|young|although|young Wu Dawei himself is also aware of this point, this young guy is young after all.

但是 他 並 不 傻 呀 but|he|not|really|stupid|particle But he is not foolish.

他 開始 擔心 he|started|worrying He began to worry.

如果 安東尼 真的 被 消滅 掉 了 if|Anthony|really|(passive marker)|eliminated|completely|past tense marker If Anthony really gets eliminated.

他 自己 也 就 沒有 了 利用 價值 ，會 更加 的 不 受到 元老院 的 待見 he|himself|also|then|no longer|past action marker|utilitarian|value|will|even more|adverbial particle|not|receive|Senate|possessive particle|favor Then he himself would lose his value and would be even less favored by the Senate.

因此 他 開始 謀求 與 安東尼 和解 therefore|he|began|to seek|with|Anthony|reconciliation Therefore, he began to seek reconciliation with Antony.

今天 先說 到 這 today|let's say first|until|this That's all for today.

下次 接著 受 說 羅馬帝國 ，下次 見 next time|then|received|said|Roman Empire|next time|see you Next time, we will continue discussing the Roman Empire. See you next time.