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TED-Ed, The best way to apologize (according to science)

The best way to apologize (according to science)

Over the years, people have come up with some truly awful apologies.

From classic non-apologies to evasive excuses,

and flimsy corporate promises,

it's all too easy to give a bad apology.

But researchers have found that good apologies generally share certain elements

and thoughtfully considering these factors can help you make amends

in a wide variety of situations.

Since public apologies have their own unique complications,

we're going to focus on some person-to-person examples.

So, picture this: your new office has free ice cream sandwiches

in the communal fridge—

or at least that's what you thought.

But on Friday, when you're helping your co-worker Terence

set up another colleague's birthday party,

he finds that half the ice cream he bought for the celebration is gone.

While this is obviously an embarrassing accident,

coming forward and apologizing is still the right thing to do.

Understanding and accepting responsibility for your actions

is what some researchers call the “centerpiece of an apology.”

But it's okay if this feels difficult and vulnerable— it's supposed to be!

The costly nature of apologies is part of what makes them meaningful.

So while you might be tempted to defend your actions as accidental,

it's important to remember that a good apology

isn't about making you feel better.

It's about seeking to understand the perspective of the wronged party

and repair the damage to your relationship.

This means that while clarifying your intentions non-defensively can be helpful,

your mistake being an accident shouldn't absolve you from offering

a sincere apology.

But what if your mistake wasn't an accident?

Consider this:

you promised your friend Marie that you'll attend her championship football match.

But another friend just called to offer you an extra ticket

for your favorite musician's farewell tour.

You know this is a once-in-a-lifetime chance,

and you can't pass it up.

Plus, you figure Marie wouldn't mind if you miss the game—

she always has plenty of fans supporting her.

But the next day, Marie tells you she was really hurt

when she didn't see you in the crowd.

You feel terrible for upsetting her and genuinely want to apologize.

But while you regret hurting Marie,

you're not actually sure if you made the wrong choice.

So how can you reach beyond that terrible non-apology,

“I'm sorry YOU feel this way”?

In situations like this, it can be easy to focus on rationalizing your actions

when you should be working to understand the other person's perspective.

Consider asking Marie how you made them feel

to better understand your offense.

In this case, Marie might explain that she was disappointed

you broke your promise,

and she was really counting on your support.

This kind of clarity can help you recognize your wrongdoing

and honestly accept how your actions caused harm.

Then you can frame your apology around addressing her concerns,

perhaps by admitting that it was wrong of you to break your promise,

and you're sorry you weren't there for her.

Clearly acknowledging wrongdoing indicates that you know

exactly how you messed up,

and it can give Marie faith that you'll behave differently moving forward.

But it's always helpful to indicate exactly how you'll change

and what you'll do to repair the damage caused by your offense.

Researchers call this the “offer of repair,”

and it's often rated as one of the most critical parts of an apology.

In some cases, these gestures are straightforward,

like offering to replace the ice cream you eat.

However, with less tangible transgressions,

this might need to be more symbolic,

like expressing your love and respect for someone you wronged.

One common offer of repair is a verbal commitment

not to make the same mistake again,

but promising to do better only works if you actually do better.

Taking the victim's perspective, accepting responsibility,

and making concrete offers of repair

are just a few of the elements of a good apology.

But remember, apologies aren't about getting forgiveness and moving on;

they're about expressing remorse and accepting accountability.

And the best apologies are just the first step

on the road to reconciliation.

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The best way to apologize (according to science) Die beste Art, sich zu entschuldigen (laut Wissenschaft) Ο καλύτερος τρόπος για να ζητήσετε συγγνώμη (σύμφωνα με την επιστήμη) The best way to apologize (according to science) La mejor manera de disculparse (según la ciencia) Il modo migliore per scusarsi (secondo la scienza) 最高の謝罪の仕方(科学による) Najlepszy sposób na przeprosiny (według nauki) A melhor forma de pedir desculpa (segundo a ciência) Лучший способ извиниться (согласно научным данным) Özür dilemenin en iyi yolu (bilime göre) Найкращий спосіб вибачитися (згідно з наукою) 道歉的最佳方式(根据科学) 道歉的最佳方式(根據科學)

Over the years, people have come up with some truly awful apologies. |||||||||veramente||scuse Nel corso degli anni, le persone hanno ideato alcune scuse davvero orribili. နှစ်တွေကြာလာတာနဲ့အမျှ လူတွေဟာ တကယ်ကို ဆိုးတဲ့ တောင်းပန်မှုအချို့နဲ့ ကြုံလာရတယ်။ За прошедшие годы люди придумали несколько поистине ужасных извинений.

From classic non-apologies to evasive excuses, |||||уклончивых| |||||avoiding direct answers| Dalle classiche pseudo-scuse a scuse evasive, ဖြစ်ရိုးဖြစ်စဉ် မတောင်းပန်တာတွေကနေ ဝေ့လည်ကြောင်ပတ် ဆင်ခြေတွေ၊ Desde as clássicas não desculpas até às desculpas evasivas,

and flimsy corporate promises, |хлипкие|корпоративные|обещания |weak and insubstantial|| e promesse aziendali fragili, မခိုင်လုံတဲ့ လုပ်ငန်း ကတိတွေအထိ၊ e promessas corporativas frágeis,

it's all too easy to give a bad apology. è troppo facile fare una cattiva scusa. ဆိုးရွားတဲ့ တောင်းပန်မှုတစ်ခုလုပ်ဖို့ လွယ်ကူလွန်းပါတယ်။

But researchers have found that good apologies generally share certain elements |исследователи||||||||| Ma i ricercatori hanno scoperto che le buone scuse generalmente condividono determinati elementi ဒါပေမဲ့ ကောင်းတဲ့ တောင်းပန်တာတွေက ယေဘုယျ အနေနဲ့ အချို့အကြောင်းအရာတွေမှာ တူညီနေပြီး

and thoughtfully considering these factors can help you make amends |внимательно|учет|||||||поправить |||||||||make things right |considerare||||||||riparare |||||||||reparaciones e considerare attentamente questi fattori può aiutarti a rimediare ဒီအချက်တွေကို ထည့်စဉ်းစားတာက အခြေအနေအမျိုးမျိုးမှာ ပြုပြင်ဖို့ e considerar cuidadosamente estes factores pode ajudá-lo a fazer as pazes

in a wide variety of situations. in una vasta gamma di situazioni. ကူညီနိုင်တာကို သုတေသီတွေ တွေ့ရှိခဲ့တယ်။

Since public apologies have their own unique complications, поскольку||||||уникальные| Poiché le scuse pubbliche hanno le loro complicazioni uniche, အများပြည်သူ တောင်းပန်မှုမှာ ထူးခြားတဲ့ ရှုပ်ထွေးမှုတွေ ရှိတာကြောင့် Uma vez que as desculpas públicas têm as suas próprias complicações,

we're going to focus on some person-to-person examples. ci concentreremo su alcuni esempi da persona a persona. လူတစ်ဦးချင်း ဥပမာ တချို့ကို အာရုံစိုက်မှာပါ။ vamos concentrar-nos em alguns exemplos de pessoa para pessoa.

So, picture this: your new office has free ice cream sandwiches Quindi, immagina questo: il tuo nuovo ufficio ha gelati sandwich gratuiti ဒါကြောင့် ဒါကို ပုံဖော်ကြည့်ပါ။ သင့်ရုံးခန်းအသစ်က အများသုံးရေခဲသေတ္တာထဲမှာ Imagine o seguinte: o seu novo escritório tem sandes de gelado gratuitas

in the communal fridge— ||общем|холодильник ||shared by all| nel frigorifero comune— ရေခဲမုန့် အခမဲ့ပေးတယ်၊ no frigorífico comum-

or at least that's what you thought. or at least that's what you thought. o almeno è quello che pensavi. သို့မဟုတ် အနည်းဆုံး သင် ထင်ထားတဲ့တိုင်းပါ။ или, по крайней мере, вы так думали.

But on Friday, when you're helping your co-worker Terence |||||||||your colleague Terence ဒါပေမဲ့ သောကြာနေ့မှာ သင့်လုပ်ဖော်ကိုင်ဖက် Terence က Mas na sexta-feira, quando está a ajudar o seu colega de trabalho Terence

set up another colleague's birthday party, organizzare la festa di compleanno di un altro collega, တခြားလုပ်ဖော်ကိုင်ဖက်ရဲ့ မွေးနေ့ပွဲကို စီစဉ်ပေးတဲ့အခါ organizar a festa de aniversário de outro colega,

he finds that half the ice cream he bought for the celebration is gone. scopre che metà del gelato che ha comprato per la celebrazione è sparito. အခမ်းအနားအတွက် သူ ဝယ်ထားတဲ့ ရေခဲမုန့် တစ်ဝက်လောက မရှိတော့တာကို တွေ့လိုက်ရတယ်။ descobre que metade do gelado que comprou para a festa desapareceu.

While this is obviously an embarrassing accident, |||||смешное| anche se|||||| Anche se ovviamente questo è un incidente imbarazzante, ဒါဟာ ရှက်စရာကောင်းတဲ့ မတော်တဆမှု တစ်ခုဆိုတာ သိသာပေမဲ့ Embora se trate obviamente de um acidente embaraçoso, Хотя это, конечно, досадная случайность,

coming forward and apologizing is still the right thing to do. venire avanti e scusarsi è ancora la cosa giusta da fare. ရှေ့တိုးပြီး တောင်းပန်တာက လုပ်သင့်လုပ်ထိုက်တဲ့အရာ ဖြစ်နေတုန်းပါပဲ။ apresentar e pedir desculpa continua a ser a coisa certa a fazer. Высказаться и извиниться - это по-прежнему правильно.

Understanding and accepting responsibility for your actions Capire e accettare la responsabilità per le proprie azioni ကိုယ့်လုပ်ရပ်တွေအတွက် တာဝန်ကို နားလည်၊လက်ခံတာက Compreender e aceitar a responsabilidade pelos seus actos

is what some researchers call the “centerpiece of an apology.” ||||||центральный элемент||| ||||||main element||| ||||||中心部分||| è ciò che alcuni ricercatori chiamano il “pezzo centrale di una scusa.” “တောင်းပန်တာရဲ့ဗဟိုချက်” လို့ တချို့သုတေသီတွေက ခေါ်ကြတယ်။ é aquilo a que alguns investigadores chamam a "peça central de um pedido de desculpas". это то, что некоторые исследователи называют "центральным элементом извинения".

But it's okay if this feels difficult and vulnerable— it's supposed to be! ||||||||уязвимым|||| Ma va bene se questo sembra difficile e vulnerabile— è così che deve essere! ဒါပေမဲ့ ဒါက ခက်ခဲပြီး ထိခိုက်လွယ်တယ်လို့ ခံစားရရင် ကောင်းပါတယ်၊ ဒါက ဖြစ်သင့်တယ်လေ။ Mas não faz mal se isto parecer difícil e vulnerável - é suposto ser!

The costly nature of apologies is part of what makes them meaningful. |||||||||||значительными La natura costosa delle scuse è parte di ciò che le rende significative. တောင်းပန်တာရဲ့ တန်ဖိုးကြီးတဲ့ သဘာဝက ဒါတွေ ကို အဓိပ္ပာယ်ရှိစေတဲ့ အစိတ်အပိုင်းတစ်ခုပါ။ A natureza onerosa das desculpas é parte do que as torna significativas. Дорогостоящий характер извинений - это часть того, что делает их значимыми.

So while you might be tempted to defend your actions as accidental, |||||склонны||защищать|||| Quindi, mentre potresti essere tentato di difendere le tue azioni come accidentali, ဒါကြောင့် သင့်လုပ်ရပ်တွေကို မတော်တဆအဖြစ် ကာကွယ်ဖို့ သွေးဆောင်ခံရနိုင်ပေမဲ့ Por isso, embora possa ser tentado a defender as suas acções como acidentais,

it's important to remember that a good apology ကောင်းတဲ့တောင်းပန်မှုတစ်ခုက သင့်ကို ပိုနေလို့ကောင်းစေတာ

isn't about making you feel better. non riguarda farti sentire meglio. မဟုတ်ဘူးဆိုတာကို မှတ်သားဖို့ အရေးကြီးတယ်။

It's about seeking to understand the perspective of the wronged party |||||||||harmed or injured| ||cercare|||||||leso| |||||||||agraviada| Riguarda la ricerca di comprendere la prospettiva della parte lesa မှားယွင်းတဲ့ အဖွဲ့ရဲ့ အမြင်ကို နားလည်ဖို့နဲ့ Trata-se de procurar compreender a perspetiva da parte lesada Речь идет о стремлении понять точку зрения обиженной стороны

and repair the damage to your relationship. e riparare il danno alla tua relazione. ဆက်ဆံရေးကို ပျက်စီးတာကို ပြန်ပြင်ဖို့ ကြိုးစားတာပါ။

This means that while clarifying your intentions non-defensively can be helpful, ||||прояснение||намерения||защитной||| Questo significa che mentre chiarire intenzioni in modo non difensivo può essere utile, ဆိုလိုတာက ရည်ရွယ်ရင်းတွေကို အကာအကွယ်မဲ့ ရှင်းလင်းပြတာက အထောက်အကူဖြစ်နိုင်ပေမဲ့ Isto significa que clarificar as suas intenções de forma não defensiva pode ser útil, Это означает, что прояснение своих намерений в недирективной форме может быть полезным,

your mistake being an accident shouldn't absolve you from offering ||||||освобождать|||предложение ||||||excuse||| il tuo errore, essendo un incidente, non dovrebbe esentarti dall'offrire မတော်တဆဖြစ်တဲ့ သင့်အမှားက သင့်ကို စိတ်ရင်းမှန်နဲ့ တောင်းပန်တာကနေ o facto de o seu erro ter sido um acidente não o deve isentar de oferecer

a sincere apology. |искреннее| una sincera scusa. ဖြေမပေးသင့်ဘူး။ um pedido de desculpas sincero.

But what if your mistake wasn't an accident? Ma e se il tuo errore non fosse un incidente? ဒါပေမဲ့ အမှားက မတော်တဆမဟုတ်ရင်ရော။

Consider this: Considera questo: ဒါကို သုံးသပ်ကြည့်ပါ၊

you promised your friend Marie that you'll attend her championship football match. |пообещал||||||посетить|||| hai promesso alla tua amica Marie che parteciperai alla sua partita di campionato di calcio. သင့်ရဲ့သူငယ်ချင်း မာရီကို တံခွန်စိုက် ဘောလုံးပွဲကို လာမယ်လို့ ကတိပေးထားတယ်။

But another friend just called to offer you an extra ticket |||||||||дополнительный| Ma un altro amico ha appena chiamato per offrirti un biglietto extra ဒါပေမဲ့ သင့်အကြိုက်ဆုံး ဂီတသမားရဲ့ နှုတ်ဆက်ခရီးစဉ်အတွက် အပို Mas outro amigo acabou de telefonar para lhe oferecer um bilhete extra

for your favorite musician's farewell tour. ||||Final goodbye tour| per il tour di addio del tuo musicista preferito. လက်မှတ်တစ်စောင် ပေးဖို့ အခြားသူငယ်ချင်းက ဖုန်းဆက်တယ်။ para a digressão de despedida do seu músico favorito.

You know this is a once-in-a-lifetime chance, Sai che questa è un'occasione unica nella vita, ဒါက တစ်သက် တစ်ခါ အခွင့်အရေးဆိုတာကို သင် သိပြီး

and you can't pass it up. e non puoi lasciartelo sfuggire. ဒါကို သင် လက်မလွှတ်နိုင်ဘူး။ e não se pode deixar passar.

Plus, you figure Marie wouldn't mind if you miss the game— ||pensi|||||||| Inoltre, pensi che a Marie non dispiacerebbe se perdi la partita— ဒါ့အပြင် သင် ကစားပွဲကို လွဲချော်ရင် မာရီက စိတ်မဆိုးဘူးလို့ သင် ထင်တယ်၊ Além disso, achas que a Marie não se importaria se perdesses o jogo. К тому же, вы полагаете, что Мари не будет возражать, если вы пропустите игру.

she always has plenty of fans supporting her. |||много|||| ha sempre molti fan che la supportano. သူ့ကို အမြဲ အားပေးတဲ့ ပရိသတ်က အများကြီးပါ။ ela tem sempre muitos fãs a apoiá-la. ее всегда поддерживает множество поклонников.

But the next day, Marie tells you she was really hurt ||||||||||ferita ဒါပေမဲ့ နောက်နေ့မှာတော့ လူအုပ်ထဲမှာ သင့်ကို မတွေ့ရတာ Mas no dia seguinte, Marie diz-lhe que ficou muito magoada

when she didn't see you in the crowd. |||||||толпе စိတ်မကောင်းဖြစ်မိတယ်လို့ မာရီ က ပြောတယ်။ quando ela não o viu na multidão.

You feel terrible for upsetting her and genuinely want to apologize. ||||расстроить|||искренне||| ||||offendere|||||| Ti senti terribile per averla turbata e vuoi davvero scusarti. သူ့ကို စိတ်အနှောင့်အယှက်ဖြစ်စေတဲ့အတွက် စိတ်မသက်မသာဖြစ်ပြိး တကယ်တောင်းပန်ချင်တယ်။ Sente-se muito mal por a ter perturbado e quer mesmo pedir-lhe desculpa.

But while you regret hurting Marie, Ma mentre ti dispiace per aver ferito Marie, ဒါပေမဲ့ မာရီကို နာကျင်စေတဲ့အတွက် နောင်တရပေမဲ့ Mas enquanto se arrepende de ter magoado a Marie, Но пока ты сожалеешь о том, что обидел Мари,

you're not actually sure if you made the wrong choice. non sei veramente sicuro di aver fatto la scelta sbagliata. သင်ရွေးချယ်မှု မှားသွားသလားဆိုတာ သင် မသေချာဘူး။

So how can you reach beyond that terrible non-apology, Quindi come puoi andare oltre quella terribile non-scusa, ဒါဆို “တောင်းပန်ပါတယ်၊ နင် ဒီလိုခံစားရတာ ငါ တောင်းပန်ပါတယ်” ဆိုတဲ့ ဆိုးရွားတဲ့ Então, como é que se pode ir além desse terrível não pedido de desculpas, Как же выйти за рамки этого ужасного непротивления,

“I'm sorry YOU feel this way”? “Mi dispiace che TI senti in questo modo”? တောင်းပန်မှုမဟုတ်တာကို သင် ဘယ်လို ကျော်လွန်နိုင်လဲ။ "Lamento que se sinta assim"? "Мне жаль, что ВЫ так считаете"?

In situations like this, it can be easy to focus on rationalizing your actions |||||||||||рационализации|| In situazioni come questa, può essere facile concentrarsi nel razionalizzare le tue azioni ဒီလိုအခြေအနေတွေမှာ တစ်ဖက်လူရဲ့အမြင်ကို နားလည်အောင် လုပ်ဆောင်သင့်တဲ့အခါ Em situações como esta, pode ser fácil concentrarmo-nos em racionalizar as nossas acções

when you should be working to understand the other person's perspective. သင့်လုပ်ရပ်တွေကို အကြောင်းရှာတာအပေါ် အာရုံစိုက်ဖို့ လွယ်ကူနိုင်ပါတယ်။ quando deveria estar a trabalhar para compreender a perspetiva da outra pessoa.

Consider asking Marie how you made them feel Considera di chiedere a Marie come le hai fatte sentire သင့်အပြစ်ကို ပိုနားလည်လာစေဖို့ သင် သူ့ကို သင်ခံစားရစေပုံအကြောင်း Подумайте о том, чтобы спросить Мари, что вы заставили их почувствовать

to better understand your offense. per comprendere meglio il tuo comportamento. မာရီကို မေးကြည့်တာကို တွေးကြည့်ပါ။ para compreender melhor a sua infração. чтобы лучше понять суть вашего правонарушения.

In this case, Marie might explain that she was disappointed In questo caso, Marie potrebbe spiegare che era delusa ဒီအဖြစ်မှာ သင် ကတိဖျက်တာကို စိတ်ပျက်မိတယ်လို့ Neste caso, Marie pode explicar que ficou desiludida

you broke your promise, မာရီက ရှင်းပြနိုင်ပြီး quebrou a sua promessa,

and she was really counting on your support. ||||рассчитывала||| e lei contava davvero sul tuo supporto. သူက သင်ံပံ့ပိုးမှုကို တကယ် အားကိုးနေတာပါ။ e estava a contar com o vosso apoio.

This kind of clarity can help you recognize your wrongdoing |||||||||ошибку |||||||||sbaglio |||||||||falta Questo tipo di chiarezza può aiutarti a riconoscere i tuoi errori ဒီရှင်းလင်းချက်မျိုးက သင့်အမှားကို အသိအမှတ်ပြုဖို့နဲ့ သင့်လုပ်ရပ်တွေက Este tipo de clareza pode ajudá-lo a reconhecer o seu erro

and honestly accept how your actions caused harm. |||||||вред e accettare onestamente come le tue azioni hanno causato danno. ထိခိုက်စေပုံကို ရိုးသားစွာလက်ခံဖို့ ကူညီပေးနိုင်ပါတယ်။ e aceitar honestamente como as suas acções causaram danos.

Then you can frame your apology around addressing her concerns, |||сформулировать||||||беспокойства Allora puoi inquadrare le tue scuse affrontando le sue preoccupazioni, ဒီနောက် ကတိ ဖျက်တာခဲ့တာကို မှားတယ်လို့ ဝန်ခံကာ သူ့အတွက် မရှိခဲ့တာကို Depois, pode enquadrar o seu pedido de desculpas na resposta às preocupações dela, Затем вы можете сформулировать свои извинения так, чтобы они отвечали ее проблемам,

perhaps by admitting that it was wrong of you to break your promise, ||признавая|||||||||| forse ammettendo che è stato sbagliato da parte tua rompere la tua promessa, စိတ်မကောင်းဖြစ်မိတယ်လို ဝန်ခံရင်း သူ့ရဲ့စိုးရိမ်မှုတွေကို ဖြေရှင်းရာမှာ talvez admitindo que foi errado ter quebrado a sua promessa,

and you're sorry you weren't there for her. e sei dispiaciuto di non essere stato lì per lei. တောင်းပန်တာကို ဘောင်ခတ်နိုင်တယ်။

Clearly acknowledging wrongdoing indicates that you know |признавать||||| အမှားလုပ်တာကို ရှင်းရှင်း အသိအမှတ်ပြုတာက သင် ရှုပ်ထွေးနေပုံကို O facto de reconhecer claramente que cometeu um erro indica que sabe

exactly how you messed up, esattamente come hai sbagliato, အသေအချာ သိတာကို ဖော်ပြပြီး exatamente como fez asneira,

and it can give Marie faith that you'll behave differently moving forward. ||||||||будешь вести себя||| |||||||||||in futuro e può dare a Marie la fiducia che ti comporterai in modo diverso in futuro. ဒါက ရှေ့ဆက်လှမ်းရာမှာ သင် ကွဲပြားစွာ ပြမူမယ်ဆိုတာကို မာရီ ယုံကြည်စေနိုင်တယ်။ e pode dar a Marie a fé de que se irá comportar de forma diferente no futuro. И это может дать Мари веру в то, что в дальнейшем вы будете вести себя по-другому.

But it's always helpful to indicate exactly how you'll change |||||указать|||| Ma è sempre utile indicare esattamente come cambierai ဒါပေမဲ့ ဘယ်လို ပြောင်းလဲမယ်ဆိုတာနဲ့ သင့်အပြစ်ကြောင့်ဖြစ်ခဲ့တဲ့ ပျက်စီးမှုကို

and what you'll do to repair the damage caused by your offense. ||||||||нанесённого|||проступок ပြန်ပြင်ဖို့ သင် လုပ်ဆောင်မှာကို အတိအကျ ဖော်ပြတာက အမြဲ အထောက်အကူဖြစ်စေတယ်။

Researchers call this the “offer of repair,” I ricercatori chiamano questo l' "offerta di riparazione," သုတေသီတွေက ဒါကို “ပြုပြင်ရေး ကမ်းလှမ်းမှု” လို့ ခေါ်ကြပြီး Os investigadores chamam a isto a "oferta de reparação". Исследователи называют это "предложением ремонта".

and it's often rated as one of the most critical parts of an apology. e spesso è considerata una delle parti più critiche di una scusa. တောင်းပန်မှုရဲ့ အရေးကြီးဆုံးအစိတ်အပိုင်း တစ်ခုအဖြစ် အဆင့်သတ်မှတ်ခံရလေ့ရှိတယ်။ e é frequentemente considerada como uma das partes mais importantes de um pedido de desculpas.

In some cases, these gestures are straightforward, ||||жесты||прямолинейные ||||||semplici In alcuni casi, questi gesti sono semplici, တချို့အဖြစ်တွေမှာ သင် စားလိုက်တဲ့ ရေခဲမုန့်ကို အစားထိုးဖို့ Nalguns casos, estes gestos são simples,

like offering to replace the ice cream you eat. ကမ်းလှမ်းတာလို ဒီအမူအရာတွေက ရိုးရှင်းပါတယ်။ como oferecer-se para substituir o gelado que come.

However, with less tangible transgressions, |||осязаемых|нарушениями ||||minor offenses ဒါပေမဲ့ မြင်သာတဲ့ ဖောက်ဖျက်မှုတွေနဲ့ဆို No entanto, com transgressões menos tangíveis,

this might need to be more symbolic, ||||||символичным questo potrebbe dover essere più simbolico, သင် အမှားလုပ်ခဲ့တဲ့ တစ်စုံတစ်ဦးကို talvez seja necessário um carácter mais simbólico,

like expressing your love and respect for someone you wronged. come esprimere il tuo amore e rispetto per qualcuno che hai mancato di rispetto. သင်ံချစ်မေတ္တာနဲ့ လေးစားမှုကို ဖော်ပြသလို ပိုသင်္ကေတဆောင်ဖို့ လိုအပ်တယ်။

One common offer of repair is a verbal commitment |||||||устное|обязательство Una offerta comune di riparazione è un impegno verbale ပြုပြင်ရေး ကမ်းလှမ်းမှုတစ်ခုဟာ အလားတူ အမှားကို ထပ်မလုပ်ဖို့

not to make the same mistake again, နှုတ် ကတိကဝတ်တစ်ခုဖြစ်ပေမဲ့

but promising to do better only works if you actually do better. ma promettere di fare meglio funziona solo se effettivamente fai meglio. တကယ် ပိုကောင်းအောင် လုပ်မှသာ ပိုကောင်း အောင် လုပ်မယ်လို့ ကတိပေးတာက အလုပ်ဖြစ်တာပါ။

Taking the victim's perspective, accepting responsibility, ||жертвы||| Prendendo la prospettiva della vittima, accettando la responsabilità, ကျူးလွန်ခံရသူရဲ့ အမြင်ကို ခံယူတာ၊ တာဝန်ယူမှုကို လက်ခံတာနဲ့

and making concrete offers of repair e facendo offerte concrete di riparazione ပြုပြင်မှုရဲ့ ခိုင်မာတဲ့ ကမ်းလှမ်းမှုတွေကို လုပ်တာက

are just a few of the elements of a good apology. ကောင်းမွန်တဲ့ တောင်းပန်မှုရဲ အစိတ်အပိုင်းတချို့သာပါ။

But remember, apologies aren't about getting forgiveness and moving on; ||||||許しを得る||| ||||||perdono||| Ma ricorda, le scuse non riguardano ottenere perdono e andare avanti; ဒါပေမဲ့ တောင်းပန်တာတွေကက ခွင့်လွှတ်မှု ရတာနဲ့ ရှေ့ဆက်တာနဲ့ မဆိုင်တာကို သတိရပါ။

they're about expressing remorse and accepting accountability. ||выражать|сожаление|||ответственности ||||||責任を受け ||||||responsabilità riguardano esprimere rimorso e accettare responsabilità. ဒါတွေက နောင်တကိုဖော်ပြတာနဲ့ တာဝန်ခံမှုကို လက်ခံတာနဲ့ ဆိုင်ပါတယ်။ Trata-se de expressar remorsos e aceitar a responsabilidade.

And the best apologies are just the first step E le migliori scuse sono solo il primo passo အကောင်းဆုံး တောင်းပန်မှုတွေက ပြန်လည်သင့်မြတ်ရေးဆီ

on the road to reconciliation. ||||примирению ||||making amends ||||和解 ပထမဆုံးခြေလှမ်းသာဖြစ်ပါတယ်။