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Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy, Part 3. Chapter 1.

Part 3. Chapter 1.

Sergey Ivanovitch Koznishev wanted a rest from mental work, and instead of going abroad as he usually did, he came towards the end of May to stay in the country with his brother.

In his judgment the best sort of life was a country life. He had come now to enjoy such a life at his brother's. Konstantin Levin was very glad to have him, especially as he did not expect his brother Nikolay that summer. But in spite of his affection and respect for Sergey Ivanovitch, Konstantin Levin was uncomfortable with his brother in the country. It made him uncomfortable, and it positively annoyed him to see his brother's attitude to the country. To Konstantin Levin the country was the background of life, that is of pleasures, endeavors, labor. To Sergey Ivanovitch the country meant on one hand rest from work, on the other a valuable antidote to the corrupt influences of town, which he took with satisfaction and a sense of its utility. To Konstantin Levin the country was good first because it afforded a field for labor, of the usefulness of which there could be no doubt. To Sergey Ivanovitch the country was particularly good, because there it was possible and fitting to do nothing. Moreover, Sergey Ivanovitch's attitude to the peasants rather piqued Konstantin. Sergey Ivanovitch used to say that he knew and liked the peasantry, and he often talked to the peasants, which he knew how to do without affectation or condescension, and from every such conversation he would deduce general conclusions in favor of the peasantry and in confirmation of his knowing them. Konstantin Levin did not like such an attitude to the peasants. To Konstantin the peasant was simply the chief partner in their common labor, and in spite of all the respect and the love, almost like that of kinship, he had for the peasant— sucked in probably, as he said himself, with the milk of his peasant nurse—still as a fellow-worker with him, while sometimes enthusiastic over the vigor, gentleness, and justice of these men, he was very often, when their common labors called for other qualities, exasperated with the peasant for his carelessness, lack of method, drunkenness, and lying. If he had been asked whether he liked or didn't like the peasants, Konstantin Levin would have been absolutely at a loss what to reply. He liked and did not like the peasants, just as he liked and did not like men in general. Of course, being a good-hearted man, he liked men rather than he disliked them, and so too with the peasants. But like or dislike "the people" as something apart he could not, not only because he lived with "the people," and all his interests were bound up with theirs, but also because he regarded himself as a part of "the people," did not see any special qualities or failings distinguishing himself and "the people," and could not contrast himself with them. Moreover, although he had lived so long in the closest relations with the peasants, as farmer and arbitrator, and what was more, as adviser (the peasants trusted him, and for thirty miles round they would come to ask his advice), he had no definite views of "the people," and would have been as much at a loss to answer the question whether he knew "the people" as the question whether he liked them. For him to say he knew the peasantry would have been the same as to say he knew men. He was continually watching and getting to know people of all sorts, and among them peasants, whom he regarded as good and interesting people, and he was continually observing new points in them, altering his former views of them and forming new ones. With Sergey Ivanovitch it was quite the contrary. Just as he liked and praised a country life in comparison with the life he did not like, so too he liked the peasantry in contradistinction to the class of men he did not like, and so too he knew the peasantry as something distinct from and opposed to men generally. In his methodical brain there were distinctly formulated certain aspects of peasant life, deduced partly from that life itself, but chiefly from contrast with other modes of life. He never changed his opinion of the peasantry and his sympathetic attitude towards them. In the discussions that arose between the brothers on their views of the peasantry, Sergey Ivanovitch always got the better of his brother, precisely because Sergey Ivanovitch had definite ideas about the peasant—his character, his qualities, and his tastes.

Konstantin Levin had no definite and unalterable idea on the subject, and so in their arguments Konstantin was readily convicted of contradicting himself. In Sergey Ivanovitch's eyes his younger brother was a capital fellow, with his heart in the right place (as he expressed it in French), but with a mind which, though fairly quick, was too much influenced by the impressions of the moment, and consequently filled with contradictions. With all the condescension of an elder brother he sometimes explained to him the true import of things, but he derived little satisfaction from arguing with him because he got the better of him too easily. Konstantin Levin regarded his brother as a man of immense intellect and culture, as generous in the highest sense of the word, and possessed of a special faculty for working for the public good.

But in the depths of his heart, the older he became, and the more intimately he knew his brother, the more and more frequently the thought struck him that this faculty of working for the public good, of which he felt himself utterly devoid, was possibly not so much a quality as a lack of something —not a lack of good, honest, noble desires and tastes, but a lack of vital force, of what is called heart, of that impulse which drives a man to choose someone out of the innumerable paths of life, and to care only for that one. The better he knew his brother, the more he noticed that Sergey Ivanovitch, and many other people who worked for the public welfare, were not led by an impulse of the heart to care for the public good, but reasoned from intellectual considerations that it was a right thing to take interest in public affairs, and consequently took interest in them. Levin was confirmed in this generalization by observing that his brother did not take questions affecting the public welfare or the question of the immortality of the soul a bit more to heart than he did chess problems, or the ingenious construction of a new machine. Besides this, Konstantin Levin was not at his ease with his brother, because in summer in the country Levin was continually busy with work on the land, and the long summer day was not long enough for him to get through all he had to do, while Sergey Ivanovitch was taking a holiday.

But though he was taking a holiday now, that is to say, he was doing no writing, he was so used to intellectual activity that he liked to put into concise and eloquent shape the ideas that occurred to him, and liked to have someone to listen to him. His most usual and natural listener was his brother. And so in spite of the friendliness and directness of their relations, Konstantin felt an awkwardness in leaving him alone. Sergey Ivanovitch liked to stretch himself on the grass in the sun, and to lie so, basking and chatting lazily. "You wouldn't believe," he would say to his brother, "what a pleasure this rural laziness is to me.

Not an idea in one's brain, as empty as a drum! But Konstantin Levin found it dull sitting and listening to him, especially when he knew that while he was away they would be carting dung onto the fields not ploughed ready for it, and heaping it all up anyhow; and would not screw the shares in the ploughs, but would let them come off and then say that the new ploughs were a silly invention, and there was nothing like the old Andreevna plough, and so on.

"Come, you've done enough trudging about in the heat," Sergey Ivanovitch would say to him. "No, I must just run round to the counting-house for a minute," Levin would answer, and he would run off to the fields.

Part 3. Chapter 1. Parte 3. Parte 3. Capítulo 1. 3 dalis. 1 skyrius. Parte 3. Capítulo 1.

Sergey Ivanovitch Koznishev wanted a rest from mental work, and instead of going abroad as he usually did, he came towards the end of May to stay in the country with his brother.

In his judgment the best sort of life was a country life. He had come now to enjoy such a life at his brother’s. Konstantin Levin was very glad to have him, especially as he did not expect his brother Nikolay that summer. But in spite of his affection and respect for Sergey Ivanovitch, Konstantin Levin was uncomfortable with his brother in the country. It made him uncomfortable, and it positively annoyed him to see his brother’s attitude to the country. Tai jam padarė nemalonų ir teigiamai erzino matant brolio požiūrį į šalį. To Konstantin Levin the country was the background of life, that is of pleasures, endeavors, labor. Pour Konstantin Levin, le pays était le fond de la vie, c'est-à-dire des plaisirs, des efforts, du travail. To Sergey Ivanovitch the country meant on one hand rest from work, on the other a valuable antidote to the corrupt influences of town, which he took with satisfaction and a sense of its utility. 对谢尔盖·伊万诺维奇来说,这个国家一方面意味着下班休息,另一方面是对抗城市腐败影响的宝贵解毒剂,他满意地接受了它,并意识到它的实用性。 To Konstantin Levin the country was good first because it afforded a field for labor, of the usefulness of which there could be no doubt. Pour Konstantin Levin, le pays était bon d'abord parce qu'il offrait un champ de travail dont l'utilité ne pouvait faire aucun doute. To Sergey Ivanovitch the country was particularly good, because there it was possible and fitting to do nothing. Pour Sergey Ivanovitch, le pays était particulièrement bon, car il était possible et approprié de ne rien faire. 对谢尔盖·伊万诺维奇来说,这个国家特别好,因为在那里什么都不做是可能的,也是合适的。 Moreover, Sergey Ivanovitch’s attitude to the peasants rather piqued Konstantin. Sergey Ivanovitch used to say that he knew and liked the peasantry, and he often talked to the peasants, which he knew how to do without affectation or condescension, and from every such conversation he would deduce general conclusions in favor of the peasantry and in confirmation of his knowing them. Sergueï Ivanovitch avait coutume de dire qu'il connaissait et aimait la paysannerie, et qu'il parlait souvent aux paysans, ce qu'il savait faire sans affectation ni condescendance, et de chaque conversation de ce genre il déduisait des conclusions générales en faveur de la paysannerie et en confirmation. de sa connaissance. Konstantin Levin did not like such an attitude to the peasants. Konstantin Levin n'aimait pas une telle attitude envers les paysans. Konstantinas Levinas nemėgo tokio požiūrio į valstiečius. To Konstantin the peasant was simply the chief partner in their common labor, and in spite of all the respect and the love, almost like that of kinship, he had for the peasant— sucked in probably, as he said himself, with the milk of his peasant nurse—still as a fellow-worker with him, while sometimes enthusiastic over the vigor, gentleness, and justice of these men, he was very often, when their common labors called for other qualities, exasperated with the peasant for his carelessness, lack of method, drunkenness, and lying. Pour Konstantin, le paysan était simplement le principal partenaire de leur travail commun, et malgré tout le respect et l'amour, presque comme celui de la parenté, il avait pour le paysan - aspiré probablement, comme il le disait lui-même, avec le lait de son infirmier paysan - toujours comme compagnon de travail avec lui, tandis que parfois enthousiasmé par la vigueur, la douceur et la justice de ces hommes, il était très souvent, lorsque leurs travaux communs appelaient d'autres qualités, exaspéré avec le paysan pour son insouciance manque de méthode, ivresse et mensonge. If he had been asked whether he liked or didn’t like the peasants, Konstantin Levin would have been absolutely at a loss what to reply. He liked and did not like the peasants, just as he liked and did not like men in general. Of course, being a good-hearted man, he liked men rather than he disliked them, and so too with the peasants. But like or dislike "the people" as something apart he could not, not only because he lived with "the people," and all his interests were bound up with theirs, but also because he regarded himself as a part of "the people," did not see any special qualities or failings distinguishing himself and "the people," and could not contrast himself with them. Moreover, although he had lived so long in the closest relations with the peasants, as farmer and arbitrator, and what was more, as adviser (the peasants trusted him, and for thirty miles round they would come to ask his advice), he had no definite views of "the people," and would have been as much at a loss to answer the question whether he knew "the people" as the question whether he liked them. For him to say he knew the peasantry would have been the same as to say he knew men. He was continually watching and getting to know people of all sorts, and among them peasants, whom he regarded as good and interesting people, and he was continually observing new points in them, altering his former views of them and forming new ones. With Sergey Ivanovitch it was quite the contrary. Just as he liked and praised a country life in comparison with the life he did not like, so too he liked the peasantry in contradistinction to the class of men he did not like, and so too he knew the peasantry as something distinct from and opposed to men generally. 正如他喜欢和赞美乡村生活与他不喜欢的生活相比,他也喜欢农民,而不喜欢他不喜欢的人,所以他也知道农民是不同于他的东西,反对一般对男人来说。 In his methodical brain there were distinctly formulated certain aspects of peasant life, deduced partly from that life itself, but chiefly from contrast with other modes of life. He never changed his opinion of the peasantry and his sympathetic attitude towards them. In the discussions that arose between the brothers on their views of the peasantry, Sergey Ivanovitch always got the better of his brother, precisely because Sergey Ivanovitch had definite ideas about the peasant—his character, his qualities, and his tastes. Dans les discussions qui ont eu lieu entre les frères sur leur vision de la paysannerie, Sergey Ivanovitch a toujours eu raison de son frère, précisément parce que Sergey Ivanovitch avait des idées précises sur le paysan - son caractère, ses qualités et ses goûts.

Konstantin Levin had no definite and unalterable idea on the subject, and so in their arguments Konstantin was readily convicted of contradicting himself. Konstantin Levin n'avait aucune idée précise et inaltérable sur le sujet, et donc dans leurs arguments Konstantin était facilement convaincu de se contredire. Konstantinas Levinas neturėjo aiškios ir nepakeičiamos idėjos šia tema, todėl jų argumentais Konstantinas buvo lengvai nuteistas už prieštaravimą sau. In Sergey Ivanovitch’s eyes his younger brother was a capital fellow, with his heart in the right place (as he expressed it in French), but with a mind which, though fairly quick, was too much influenced by the impressions of the moment, and consequently filled with contradictions. With all the condescension of an elder brother he sometimes explained to him the true import of things, but he derived little satisfaction from arguing with him because he got the better of him too easily. Avec toute la condescendance d'un frère aîné, il lui expliquait parfois la vraie portée des choses, mais il tirait peu de satisfaction à se disputer avec lui parce qu'il avait eu raison de lui trop facilement. Su visu vyresniojo brolio nuolaidumu jis kartais paaiškino jam tikrąjį daiktų svarbą, tačiau ginčydamasis su juo jis sulaukė nedaug pasitenkinimo, nes per lengvai jį įveikė. 有时他以大哥的居高临下,向他解释事情的真正意义,但与他争吵并没有得到什么满足,因为他太容易胜过他了。 Konstantin Levin regarded his brother as a man of immense intellect and culture, as generous in the highest sense of the word, and possessed of a special faculty for working for the public good. Konstantin Levin considérait son frère comme un homme d'une intelligence et d'une culture immenses, généreux au sens le plus élevé du terme, et doté d'une faculté spéciale pour travailler pour le bien public. 康斯坦丁·莱文认为他的兄弟是一个博学多才、文化底蕴深厚的人,在最高意义上的慷慨大方,并且具有为公共利益工作的特殊能力。

But in the depths of his heart, the older he became, and the more intimately he knew his brother, the more and more frequently the thought struck him that this faculty of working for the public good, of which he felt himself utterly devoid, was possibly not so much a quality as a lack of something —not a lack of good, honest, noble desires and tastes, but a lack of vital force, of what is called heart, of that impulse which drives a man to choose someone out of the innumerable paths of life, and to care only for that one. Mais au fond de son cœur, plus il vieillissait, et plus il connaissait intimement son frère, plus la pensée le frappait de plus en plus souvent que cette faculté de travailler pour le bien public, dont il se sentait totalement dépourvu, était peut-être pas tant une qualité qu'un manque de quelque chose - pas un manque de bons, honnêtes et nobles désirs et de bons goûts, mais un manque de force vitale, de ce qu'on appelle le cœur, de cette impulsion qui pousse un homme à choisir quelqu'un parmi les innombrables chemins de la vie, et ne s'occuper que de celui-là. The better he knew his brother, the more he noticed that Sergey Ivanovitch, and many other people who worked for the public welfare, were not led by an impulse of the heart to care for the public good, but reasoned from intellectual considerations that it was a right thing to take interest in public affairs, and consequently took interest in them. Levin was confirmed in this generalization by observing that his brother did not take questions affecting the public welfare or the question of the immortality of the soul a bit more to heart than he did chess problems, or the ingenious construction of a new machine. Levin se confirma dans cette généralisation en observant que son frère ne prenait pas un peu plus à cœur les questions touchant le bien public ou la question de l'immortalité de l'âme que les problèmes d'échecs, ou l'ingénieuse construction d'une nouvelle machine. 列文在这一概括中得到证实,他观察到他的兄弟并没有把影响公共福利的问题或灵魂不朽的问题放在心上,而不是象棋问题或新机器的巧妙构造。 Besides this, Konstantin Levin was not at his ease with his brother, because in summer in the country Levin was continually busy with work on the land, and the long summer day was not long enough for him to get through all he had to do, while Sergey Ivanovitch was taking a holiday.

But though he was taking a holiday now, that is to say, he was doing no writing, he was so used to intellectual activity that he liked to put into concise and eloquent shape the ideas that occurred to him, and liked to have someone to listen to him. 但他现在虽然放假,也就是不写东西,但他已经习惯了智力活动,喜欢把自己想到的想法简练而雄辩地表达出来,喜欢有人陪他。听他的。 His most usual and natural listener was his brother. And so in spite of the friendliness and directness of their relations, Konstantin felt an awkwardness in leaving him alone. Et ainsi, malgré la gentillesse et la franchise de leurs relations, Konstantin ressentit une gêne à le laisser seul. Taigi, nepaisant jų santykių draugiškumo ir betarpiškumo, Konstantinas pajuto nepatogumą palikdamas jį ramybėje. 因此,尽管他们的关系友好而直接,康斯坦丁还是觉得让他一个人呆着很尴尬。 Sergey Ivanovitch liked to stretch himself on the grass in the sun, and to lie so, basking and chatting lazily. "You wouldn’t believe," he would say to his brother, "what a pleasure this rural laziness is to me. „Nepatikėsite, - sakydavo jis broliui, - koks malonumas man yra šis kaimo tingumas.

Not an idea in one’s brain, as empty as a drum! Pas une idée dans son cerveau, aussi vide qu'un tambour! But Konstantin Levin found it dull sitting and listening to him, especially when he knew that while he was away they would be carting dung onto the fields not ploughed ready for it, and heaping it all up anyhow; and would not screw the shares in the ploughs, but would let them come off and then say that the new ploughs were a silly invention, and there was nothing like the old Andreevna plough, and so on. Mais Konstantin Levin trouva ça ennuyeux de s'asseoir et de l'écouter, surtout quand il savait que pendant son absence, ils transporteraient des excréments sur les champs non labourés, et les amassaient de toute façon; et ne visserait pas les socs dans les charrues, mais les laisserait se détacher et puis dire que les nouvelles charrues étaient une invention stupide, et il n'y avait rien comme la vieille charrue Andreevna, et ainsi de suite. 但是康斯坦丁·列文觉得坐着听他说话很无聊,尤其是当他知道当他不在的时候,他们会把粪便运到没有犁过的田地里,无论如何都要堆起来。他不会把犁头拧到犁上,而是让它们脱落,然后说新犁是一种愚蠢的发明,与旧的安德烈夫纳犁不同,等等。

"Come, you’ve done enough trudging about in the heat," Sergey Ivanovitch would say to him. «Allons, tu as assez traîné dans la chaleur», lui disait Sergey Ivanovitch. „Ateik, per karštį pakankamai apsijuokei“, - pasakė jam Sergejus Ivanovičius. "No, I must just run round to the counting-house for a minute," Levin would answer, and he would run off to the fields. "Non, je dois juste courir au comptoir pendant une minute," répondait Levin, et il courait dans les champs.