把 美國 放在 車輪 上 的 人 —福特 （歷史 上 的 今天 20180927 第 184 期 ） put|America|on|wheels|on|possessive particle|person|Ford|history|on|possessive particle|today|ordinal number particle|issue The person who put America on wheels - Ford (Historically Today, Issue 184, 20180927)

9 月 27 號 朋友 們 好 我 是 江峰 month|day|friends|plural marker|hello|I|am|Jiang Feng Hello friends, today is September 27, I am Jiang Feng. 19 世紀末 和 二十世紀 初 的 美國 late century|and|twentieth century|early|possessive particle|United States In the late 19th century and early 20th century America, 出現 了 很多 發明家 和 企業家 appeared|past tense marker|many|inventors|and|entrepreneurs many inventors and entrepreneurs emerged. 其中 啊 愛迪生 和 福特 最 有名 了 among|ah|Edison|and|Ford|most|famous|past tense marker Among them, Edison and Ford are the most famous. 他們 兩人 一位 是 把 電 送到 了 尋常百姓 家 they|two people|one|are|(a particle indicating the action of taking)|electricity|delivered to|past tense marker|ordinary people|home The two of them, one was responsible for bringing electricity to ordinary people's homes. 一位 是 讓 汽車 變成 了 普通人 可以 負擔 的 產品 a|is|to make|car|become|past tense marker|ordinary people|can|afford|possessive particle|product The other made cars into products that ordinary people could afford. 美國 成 了 輪子 上 的 國家 America|became|past tense marker|wheel|on|possessive particle|country America became a nation on wheels. 世界 變得 比 以往 更 小 了 world|became|than|in the past|more|small|past tense marker The world became smaller than ever before. 亨利 •福特 他 出 生於 美國 的 密西根州 的 迪爾本 Henry|Ford|he|was born|in|the United States|possessive particle|Michigan|possessive particle|Dearborn Henry Ford was born in Dearborn, Michigan, USA. 福特 的 爺爺 叫 喬治 •福特 是 愛爾蘭人 Ford|possessive particle|grandfather|is called|George|Ford|is|Irish Ford's grandfather was named George Ford and he was Irish. 19 世紀 四十 年代 的 時候 century|forty|1940s|possessive particle|time In the 1840s. 那 愛爾蘭 的 馬鈴薯 得 了 傳染病 都 爛 在 地裡 了 that|Ireland|possessive particle|potatoes|contracted|past tense marker|infectious disease|all|rotten|in|the ground|past tense marker The potatoes in Ireland were infected with disease and rotted in the fields. 就 那 1850 年 的 一年 的 饑荒 just|that|year|possessive particle|one year|possessive particle|famine In the year 1850, there was a famine. 就 迫使 11 萬 愛爾蘭人 背井離鄉 移民 美國 then|forced|ten thousand|Irish people|leave their homeland|immigrate|to America This forced 110,000 Irish people to leave their homes and immigrate to America. 後來 咱們 知道 有個 叫 later|we|found out|there is a|called Later, we learned that there was someone called 有個 叫 肯尼迪 的 美國 總統 肯尼迪 an American president named Kennedy. 他 的 祖先 呢 he|possessive particle|ancestor|question particle His ancestors, 也 是 當年 的 馬鈴薯 移民 之一 also|is|that year|possessive particle|potato|immigrant|one of were also one of the potato immigrants back in the day. 福特 的 父親 是 一個 木匠 Ford|possessive particle|father|is|a|carpenter Ford's father was a carpenter. 七歲 的 時候 啊 seven years old|possessive particle|when|ah When I was seven years old. 這 福特 跟著 爸爸 this|Ford|follows|dad This Ford went with Dad. 就 去 了 八 英里 以外 的 底特律 then|go|past tense marker|eight|miles|outside|possessive particle|Detroit We went to Detroit, eight miles away. 在 底特律 火車站 at|Detroit|train station At the Detroit train station. 福特 啊 第一次 看到 火車頭 Ford|ah|first time|saw|locomotive Ford saw a locomotive for the first time. 這一下子 這 孩子 拔不動 腿 了 in an instant|this|child|couldn't pull out|leg|past tense marker Suddenly, the child couldn't move his legs. 先生 您 一定 有個 很棒 的 工作 Sir, you must have a great job. 小 福特 開始 跟 機長 套近乎 了 little|Ford|started|with|captain|ingratiate|past tense marker Little Ford started to get close to the captain. 我 想 知道 你 是 怎麼 拉動 那麼 多 車廂 的 I|want|to know|you|are|how|pull|so many|many|carriages|past action particle I want to know how you pull so many carriages. 你 那 上面 一定 有 魔術 you|that|above|definitely|have|magic There must be magic up there. 這 機長 就 知道 這 小人 精 想 幹什麼 this|captain|then|knows|this|petty person|spirit|wants|to do what The captain knows what this little rascal is up to. 你 這個 小 Gentlemen 是不是 想 上來 看看 呢 you|this|little|gentleman|is it|want|come up|take a look|question particle Are you, little gentleman, trying to come up and take a look? 趕快 點頭 hurry up|nod Quick, nod your head. 機長 啊 captain|ah Captain! 允許 他 進入 火車頭 allow|he|to enter|locomotive Allow him to enter the locomotive. 還 讓 他 開動 了 車頭 still|let|he|start|past tense marker|front of the car He also got the engine running. 這下 好 福特 從此 開始 拉動 整個 美國 now|good|Ford|from now on|began|driving|entire|America Now Ford began to drive the entire America. 回家 後 啊 go home|after|ah After returning home. 福特 就 在 學校 開始 倒騰 蒸汽 引擎 了 Ford|then|at|school|started|reversing|steam|engine|past tense marker Ford started tinkering with the steam engine at school. 有 一次 實驗 嘭 引擎 爆炸 了 there is|one time|experiment|bang|engine|explosion|past tense marker There was an experiment where the engine exploded. 福特 的 嘴 都 給 割破 了 Ford|possessive particle|mouth|all|by|cut|past tense marker Ford's mouth was cut open. 爆炸 震倒 了 學校 的 柵欄 explosion|knocked down|past tense marker|school|possessive particle|fence The explosion knocked down the school's fence. 一片狼藉 中 走 出來 的 小福特 in complete disarray|in|walk|out|possessive particle|little Ford Little Ford walked out from the chaos. 一下子 就 成 了 轟動 全村 的 天才 了 all of a sudden|then|became|past tense marker|sensation|the whole village|possessive particle|genius|past tense marker In an instant, he became the sensation of the entire village. 那個 時候 啊 19 世紀 末 的 美國 that|time|ah|century|late|possessive particle|America That was during the late 19th century in America. 工業革命 的 浪潮 跟 人們 追求 自由 Industrial Revolution|possessive particle|wave|and|people|pursuit|freedom The wave of the Industrial Revolution and people's pursuit of freedom. 追求 冒險 探索 精神 完全 結合 起來 了 pursuit|adventure|exploration|spirit|completely|combined|together|past tense marker The spirit of adventure and exploration has completely come together. 這個 民族 那個 時候 是 充滿 了 活力 this|nation|that|time|was|full of|past tense marker|vitality This nation was full of vitality at that time. 充滿 了 朝氣 full of|past tense marker|vitality Full of vigor. 福特 的 好奇心 很 強 Ford|possessive particle|curiosity|very|strong Ford had a strong curiosity. 他 一 回家 家裡 人 說 福特 回來 了 He|once|go home|at home|people|said|Ford|returned|past tense marker When he got home, the people at home said that Ford had returned. 趕快 手錶 都 藏起來 了 hurry up|watch|all|hidden|past tense marker Quickly, all the watches were hidden away. 否則 的話 就 會 被 福特 肢解 掉 otherwise|if|then|will|be|Ford|dismembered|completely Otherwise, they would be dismembered by Ford. 當年 的 懷錶 質量 都 很 好 的 back then|possessive particle|pocket watch|quality|all|very|good|past action particle The quality of pocket watches back then was very good. 這 到 了 福特 手裡 this|arrived|past tense marker|Ford|in hand This ended up in Ford's hands. 這 懷錶 很快 就 被 拆得 七零八落 的 this|pocket watch|very quickly|then|(passive marker)|taken apart|in pieces|(particle indicating past action) This pocket watch was quickly taken apart into pieces. 家裡 凡是 有 齒輪 的 都 給 他 拆 完 了 at home|everything|has|gears|possessive particle|all|to|him|disassemble|finish|past tense marker Everything at home that had gears was taken apart by him. 然後 呢 還 不 幹 then|question particle|still|not|do And then, he still wasn't done. 進軍 底特律 到 城裡 的 鐘錶 店裡 去 拆去 了 advance|Detroit|to|in the city|possessive particle|watch|in the store|go|remove|past tense marker He marched into Detroit and went to the watch shop in the city to take apart. 修表 師傅 把 壞表 給 他 watch repair|master|particle indicating the disposal of an object|broken watch|give|him The watchmaker gave him the broken watches. 那麼 福特 可 高興 了 then|Ford|can|happy|past tense marker Then Ford could be happy. 整個 晚上 可以 不 睡覺 whole|night|can|not|sleep He could stay up all night. 分解 呀 組合 呀 幹 這事 decompose|particle|combine|particle|do|this thing Decomposing and combining, doing this work. 後來 福特 在 底特律 的 愛迪生 照明 公司 later|Ford|in|Detroit|possessive particle|Edison|lighting|company Later, Ford had a job opportunity at the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit. 有 了 一個 工作 機會 have|past tense marker|one|job|opportunity He got a job there. 這個 愛迪生 照明 公司 在 當年 相當於 什麼 呢 this|Edison|lighting|company|at|that year|was equivalent to|what|question particle What was the Edison Lighting Company equivalent to back then? 相當於 現在 的 谷歌 蘋果 這樣 的 大型 科技 公司 equivalent to|now|possessive particle|Google|Apple|such|possessive particle|large|technology|companies It was equivalent to large tech companies like Google and Apple today. 待遇 好 充滿活力 treatment|good|full of energy The benefits were good and it was full of vitality. 是 年輕人 的 就業 首選 is|young people|possessive particle|employment|first choice It was the top choice for young people's employment. 但是 往往 進入 了 這些 公司 的 年輕人 嘛 but|often|enter|past tense marker|these|companies|possessive particle|young people|question particle However, young people who often entered these companies... 又 不太 安分 again|not very|content with one's lot But not too settled. 就像 現在 很多 的 新興 科技 公司 just like|now|many|possessive particle|emerging|technology|companies Just like many emerging technology companies now. 那些 年輕 的 億萬富翁 啊 those|young|possessive particle|billionaires|ah Those young billionaires. 很多 都 是 從 科技 巨頭 公司 跳槽 出來 一樣 many|all|are|from|technology|giant|company|job-hopping|out|the same Many of them have jumped from tech giant companies. 當年 福特 也 是 在 業餘時間 呢 back then|Ford|also|was|in|his spare time|question particle Back then, Ford was also working in his spare time. 開始 製造 汽車 start|manufacturing|car Started manufacturing cars 這段 時間 福特 也 沒 耽擱 幹嘛 呢 this period|time|Ford|also|not|delay|why|question particle During this time, Ford didn't waste any time 跟 同村 的 女孩 叫 克拉拉 的 談戀愛 了 with|same village|possessive particle|girl|named|Clara|possessive particle|in a relationship|past tense marker He fell in love with a girl from the same village named Clara 兩個 人 一 談 就是 談 了 八年 the two|people|one|talk|just|||eight years The two of them talked for eight years 準確 說 吧 只有 四年 accurate|say|suggestion particle|only|four years To be precise, it was only four years 為 什麼 呢 why|what|question particle Why is that? 福特 有 一半 的 時間 都 給 了 另 一個 愛人 Ford|has|half|possessive particle|time|all|given|past tense marker|another|one|lover Ford has given half of his time to another lover. 汽車 car The automobile. 1896 年 6 月 4 號 year|month|day June 4, 1896. 福特 的 第一輛 汽車 凌晨 兩點 開出 大街 了 Ford|possessive particle|first|car|early morning|2 o'clock|drove out|street|past tense marker Ford's first car hit the streets at two in the morning. 他 有 兩檔 速度 He|has|two gears|speeds He has two speed settings. 一檔 是 時速 10 英里 一檔 是 20 英里 first gear|is|speed|miles|first gear|is|miles One setting is 10 miles per hour, and the other is 20 miles per hour. 輪胎 是 自行車 胎改 的 tire|is|bicycle|tire change|possessive particle The tires are modified from bicycle tires. 方向盤 是 船舵 改 的 steering wheel|is|rudder|changed|past action particle The steering wheel is modified from a ship's wheel. 這輛 汽車 在 黑夜 裡 慢慢 的 行駛 this|car|in|night|inside|slowly|(adverbial particle)|drives This car drives slowly in the dark. 聲音 特別 大 的 sound|especially|loud|(possessive particle) The sound is particularly loud. 汽車 沒有 倒車檔 car|does not have|reverse gear The car has no reverse gear. 福特 一直 向前 開 就 開到 了 一家 旅館 門前 Ford|continuously|forward|drive|then|drove to|past tense marker|a|hotel|in front of the door Ford kept driving forward until it reached the front of a hotel. 油 開光 了 算 停下來 了 oil|blessed|past tense marker|count|stop|past tense marker When the fuel ran out, it stopped. 旅客 們 一下 奔 出 大門 像 看 外星 飛船 一樣 passengers|plural marker|suddenly|run|out|main gate|like|seeing|alien|spaceship|the same The guests rushed out the door as if they were seeing a UFO. 哇 汽車 wow|car Wow, cars. 你 想當年 美國 總共 才 五十輛 汽車 呢 you|back in the day|the United States|in total|only|fifty cars|cars|question particle Can you believe that back in the day, there were only fifty cars in total in America? 福特 成功 了 自己 回家 倒頭 大睡 Ford|succeeded|past tense marker|by himself|home|head down|deep sleep Ford succeeded and went home to sleep soundly. 福特 的 成功 讓 他 得到 了 那個 時代 Ford|possessive particle|success|allowed|he|to obtain|past tense marker|that|era Ford's success allowed him to meet the great technological figure of that era. 科技 偉人 愛迪生 的 會見 technology|great man|Edison|possessive particle|meeting Thomas Edison. 就 說 哎 呦 咱們 公司 有 這麼 一位 人物 見見 then|say|ah|oh|our|company|has|such|a|character|meet Just say, oh, we have such a character in our company. 愛迪生 對 他 說 Edison|to|him|said Edison said to him. 電器 汽車 的 電瓶 太 重 electrical appliances|car|possessive particle|battery|too|heavy The battery of the electric car is too heavy. 蒸汽 汽車 的 汽鍋 呢 也 太 重 steam|car|possessive particle|steam boiler|question particle|also|too|heavy The boiler of the steam car is also too heavy. 你 這個 發明 的 內燃機 引擎 汽車 you|this|invention|possessive particle|internal combustion engine|engine|car Your invention of the internal combustion engine car. 簡直 就 像 扛 著 一個 發電廠 走 一樣 simply|just|like|carrying|continuous aspect particle|one|power plant|walking|the same It feels like carrying a power plant. 構想 很 好 idea|very|good The idea is great. 愛迪生 照明 公司 於是 把 福特 升為 總工程師 Edison|Lighting|Company|so|(particle indicating the action of a verb)|Ford|promoted to|Chief Engineer Edison Illuminating Company then promoted Ford to chief engineer. 年薪 1900 美元 annual salary|dollars Annual salary of 1900 dollars. 這 在 當時 是 一筆 鉅款 了 this|at|that time|was|a sum of|large money|past tense marker This was a huge sum at that time. 當時 底特律 的 市長 叫做 梅 貝里 at that time|Detroit|possessive particle|mayor|was called|Mayor|Berry At that time, the mayor of Detroit was named Maebeli. 他 也 是 愛爾蘭 移民 出身 He|also|is|Irish|immigrant|of origin He was also of Irish immigrant descent. 他 就 張羅 著 找 人 投資 給 福特 建 工廠 He|then|organized|continuous aspect marker|find|people|investment|to|Ford|build|factory He was organizing to find investors to build a factory for Ford. 說 咱們 就 自己 生產 汽車 得 了 say|we|then|by ourselves|produce|cars|can|past tense marker He said, let's produce cars ourselves. 結果 後來 呢 工廠 建 起來 了 as a result|later|question particle|factory|build|up|past tense marker As a result, the factory was built later. 工廠 建 起來 了 怎麼樣 讓 別人 瞭解 福特 汽車 呢 factory|build|up|past tense marker|how|let|others|understand|Ford|car|question particle The factory is built, how to let others understand Ford cars? 福特 想 了 一招 賽車 Ford|thought|past tense marker|a move|racing Ford came up with a trick: racing. 參加 賽車 比賽 participate|car|race Participate in racing competitions. 福特 第一次 參加 賽車 比賽 特別 幸運 Ford|first time|participated|racing|competition|especially|lucky Ford was particularly lucky in its first racing competition. 對手 有 兩個 opponent|has|two There were two opponents. 一個 呢 比賽 前 漏油 了 自動 棄權 a|question particle|competition|before|leaked oil|past tense marker|automatically|forfeited One competitor automatically forfeited before the race due to an oil leak. 第二個 比賽 中 冒 了 黑煙 了 Another competitor emitted black smoke during the race. 福特 順利 贏得 比賽 名聲大噪 Ford|successfully|won|race|gained great fame Ford successfully won the race and gained a lot of fame. 但是 他 的 投資商 的 市場 理念 跟 福特 發生 了 衝突 but|he|possessive particle|investor|possessive particle|market|philosophy|with|Ford|occurred|past tense marker|conflict However, the market philosophy of his investors conflicted with Ford's. 福特 是 一 心想 要 生產 經濟實用 的 這 一類 汽車 Ford|is|one|wholeheartedly|wants|to produce|economical and practical|possessive particle|this|one type|car Ford was determined to produce economical and practical cars. 老闆 們 那些 投資商 要 生產 豪華 汽車 掰 了 boss|plural marker|those|investors|want|to produce|luxury|cars|break|past tense marker The bosses and those investors wanted to produce luxury cars. 福特 自立門戶 成立 了 Ford|self-sufficient|established|past tense marker Ford became independent and established itself. 優先 生產 大眾型 汽車 的 福特公司 priority|production|mass-market|car|possessive particle|Ford Motor Company Ford, which prioritized the production of mass-market cars. 他 離開 的 原來 那 間 公司 後來 改名 凱迪拉克 he|left|past tense marker|originally|that|measure word for buildings|company|later|renamed|Cadillac He left the original company, which later changed its name to Cadillac. 當年 在 美國 的 汽車 製造業 當中 啊 that year|in|the United States|possessive particle|automobile|manufacturing industry|among|ah Back in those years in the American automotive industry. 道奇 兄弟 是 最 有 才華 的 引擎 設計師 Dodge|brothers|is|most|talented|talented|possessive particle|engine|designer The Dodge brothers are the most talented engine designers. 唯一的毛病就是這哥倆好酒 the only flaw is that these two brothers drink a lot Their only flaw is that these two love to drink. 喝完 酒 還 喜歡 鬧事 after drinking|alcohol|still|likes|causing trouble After drinking, they also like to cause trouble. 這個 毛病 讓 人 很 討厭 this|bad habit|makes|people|very|annoying This flaw makes people very annoyed. 在 他們 與 眾多 的 生產商 at|they|with|numerous|possessive particle|producers With them and many manufacturers. 後來 就是 因為 這 毛病 都 鬧翻 了 later|it was just|because|this|problem|all|fell out|past tense marker Later, it was because of this problem that they had a falling out. 福特 找到 他們 Ford|found|them Ford found them. 說 怎麼樣 say|how about He said, 'What’s going on?' 你們 喝酒 我 不管 you all|drink alcohol|I|don't care 'You can drink, I don’t care.' 但是 我 的 訂單 你們 必須 完成 but|I|possessive particle|order|you (plural)|must|complete 'But you must complete my orders.' 沒 問題 還是 酒氣熏天 的 No problem, still reeking of alcohol. 不行 你們 這樣 不行 not okay|you (plural)|like this|not okay No, you guys can't do this. 我要 你們 對 上帝 發誓 I want|you (plural)|to|God|swear I want you to swear to God. 一 聽說 對 上帝 發誓 那 哥倆 就 都 醒 了 one|heard|to|God|swore|that|brothers|then|both|woke|past tense marker As soon as they heard about swearing to God, both of them woke up. 那個 時候 跟 現在 不 一樣 啊 that|time|with|now|not|the same|ah That time was different from now. 傳統 清教徒 本來 喝酒 就 被 人 詬病 的 tradition|Puritans|originally|drinking|then|by|people|criticized|past tense marker Traditional Puritans were originally criticized for drinking. 你 得 偷偷 喝 的 you|must|secretly|drink|past action particle You had to drink secretly. 另外 啊 對 神 的 敬畏 additionally|ah|towards|God|possessive particle|reverence Additionally, the fear of God, 那 來 的 比 什麼 都 重 that|coming|possessive particle|than|anything|all|heavy was more important than anything else. 可 不能 隨便 發誓 的 can|cannot|casually|swear|possessive particle But you couldn't make oaths casually. 好吧 我們 對 神 發誓 okay|we|to|God|swear Alright, we swear to God. 福特 跟 他們 達成 了 訂購 車體 和 引擎 的 協議 Ford|with|they|reached|past tense marker|order|chassis|and|engine|possessive particle|agreement Ford reached an agreement with them to order car bodies and engines. 開始 批量生產 汽車 start|mass production|cars They started mass production of cars. 到 了 1898 年 的 時候 arrive|past tense marker|year|possessive particle|time By the year 1898, 我 剛 才 說 了 美國 汽車 那個 時候 還 不到 50 輛 I|just|only|said|past tense marker|American|cars|that|time|still|less than|vehicles I just mentioned that there were still fewer than 50 cars in America at that time. 五年 之後 汽車 的 普及率 就 超過 了 歐洲 了 Five years later, the car penetration rate exceeded that of Europe. 一百輛 one hundred vehicles One hundred cars. 到 了 1903 年 福特 開始 生產 A型 車 by|past tense marker|year|Ford|started|production|Model A|car By 1903, Ford began producing the Model A. A型 車 是 最早 的 福特 車 型 Model A|car|is|earliest|possessive particle|Ford|car|model The Model A was the earliest Ford model. 只有 兩個 氣缸 only|two|cylinders It only had two cylinders. 那麼 1908 年 福特 開始 準備 推出 T 型車 了 then|year|Ford|began|preparing|to launch|||past tense marker In 1908, Ford began preparing to launch the Model T. T型車 有 四個 缸 四十 馬力 T-type car|has|four|cylinders|forty|horsepower The Model T has four cylinders and forty horsepower. 說 到 這兒 福特 他 可不是 光 知道 悶頭 搞 科研 的 to say|until|here|Ford|he|is not just|only|knows|mindlessly|doing|research|particle Speaking of this, Ford was not just someone who focused solely on research. 他 啟蒙 了 最早 的 銷售 戰略 he|enlightened|past tense marker|earliest|possessive particle|sales|strategy He pioneered one of the earliest sales strategies. 怎麼 個 銷售 戰略 呢 how|measure word|sales|strategy|question particle What kind of sales strategy was it? 過去 都 是 把 車子 先 造出來 in the past|all|was|(a particle indicating the disposal of an object)|car|first|built In the past, cars were first built. 然後 大家 去 參觀 then|everyone|go|visit Then everyone would go to see them. 有個 Model 了 有個 模型 放在 那兒 讓 大家 去 看 there is|model|past tense marker|there is|model|placed in|there|let|everyone|to|see There was a model, a prototype placed there for everyone to look at. 福特 呢 他 的 不是 Ford|question particle|he|possessive particle|is not Ford, however, was different. 他 先 印發 了 T 型 車 的 商品目錄 He|first|issued|past tense marker|T|type|car|possessive particle|product catalog He first published a catalog for the Model T. 然後 把 這個 照片 印 在 上面 看 市場 的 反應 then|to put|this|photo|print|on|top|see|market|possessive particle|reaction Then print this photo on top and see the market's reaction. 結果 經銷商 們 一 看 眼睛 都 瞪圓 了 as a result|dealers|plural marker|one|looked|eyes|all|wide open|past tense marker As a result, the dealers' eyes widened in surprise. Henry 亨利 •福特 你 不是 開玩笑 吧 Henry|Henry|Ford|you|not|joking|question particle Henry Ford, you must be joking. 四個 缸 才 賣 825 美元 four|jars|only|sell|dollars A four-cylinder engine is only selling for $825. 福特 一看 經銷商 們 的 表情 馬上 就 斷然 決定 Ford|at a glance|dealer|plural marker|possessive particle|expression|immediately|then|decisively|decided Seeing the dealers' expressions, Ford immediately made a decisive decision. 10 月 1 號 提前 推出 新車 month|day|ahead of schedule|launch|new car October 1st, new car launched in advance 同時 在 電臺 雜誌 郵寄 廣告 上 廣泛 宣傳 at the same time|at|radio|magazine|mailing|advertisement|on|widely|promotion At the same time, widely promoted in radio, magazines, and mail advertisements 1908 年 的 9 月 27 號 year|possessive particle|month|day September 27th, 1908 歷史 上 的 今天 history|on|possessive particle|today On this day in history 福特汽車公司 生產 的 首部 T 型車 在 底特律 工廠 下線 Ford Motor Company|produced|possessive particle|first|||at|Detroit|factory|rolled off the assembly line The first Model T produced by Ford Motor Company rolled off the assembly line in Detroit factory 面對 這些 紛紛 而 至 的 訂單 呢 facing|these|one after another|and|arriving|possessive particle|orders|question particle Facing these numerous incoming orders, 如何 生產 如此 大量 的 T 型 汽車 呢 how|produce|such|large quantity|(possessive particle)|||car|question particle how to produce such a large number of T-model cars? 是 福特 面臨 的 新 挑戰 is|Ford|facing|possessive particle|new|challenge This is a new challenge that Ford is facing. 當年 美國 的 西部 牛仔 啊 back then|America|possessive particle|West|cowboys|ah Back in the day, the cowboys of the American West, 不是 說 就 像 那個 西部 電影 裡面 not|to say|then|like|that|Western|movie|inside were not just like those in the Western movies. 天天 是 賭博 呀 槍戰 啊 every day|is|gambling|particle|shooting|particle Every day is gambling and gunfights. 不是 天天 干 這事 not|every day|do|this thing It's not like they do this every day. 他們 的 主要 工作 就是 把 牛 從 廣闊 的 西部 飼養 點 they|possessive particle|main|job|is just|to take|cattle|from|vast|possessive particle|west|grazing|point Their main job is to drive cattle from the vast ranches in the West. 趕到 火車 的 沿線 arrive at|train|possessive particle|along the line To the railway line. 然後 裝車 進入 芝加哥 的 工業 屠宰 系統 then|loading|entering|Chicago|possessive particle|industrial|slaughter|system Then load them onto trains into Chicago's industrial slaughter system. 然後 再 把 肉 發送 到 各 大 城市 then|again|(particle indicating action)|meat|send|to|each|major|city Then send the meat to major cities. 芝加哥 的 屠宰場 啟發 了 Chicago|possessive particle|slaughterhouse|inspired|past tense marker The slaughterhouse in Chicago inspired. 福特 生產 流水線 的 量產 方式 怎麼樣 呢 Ford|production|assembly line|possessive particle|mass production|method|how|question particle How about Ford's mass production method on the assembly line? 每 一個 車間 的 工人 every|one|workshop|possessive particle|worker Every worker in the workshop. 一定 不 能夠 是 一個 工程師 must|not|able to|be|a|engineer Must not be an engineer. 那 都 是 工程師 that|all|are|engineers They are all engineers. 工資 成本 得多貴 啊 salary|cost|how expensive it is|ah The salary costs must be very expensive. 不能 像 屠宰場 那 樣子 說 cannot|like|slaughterhouse|that|way|say It can't be like a slaughterhouse. 每個 人 都 是 刨丁解牛 不用 every|person|all|is|a metaphor for skillful problem-solving|no need Not everyone is required to know how to butcher the whole cow. 只 需要 知道 自己 面前 的 這 一塊 肉 only|need|to know|oneself|in front of|possessive particle|this|a piece of|meat They just need to know the piece of meat in front of them. 你 怎麼 切 就 行了 you|how|cut|then|it's fine You can cut it however you want. 咔 咔 兩刀 再來 一塊 啊 ka|ka|two cuts|come again|together|ah Snap snap, two cuts, and then another piece. 咔咔 這 就行了 sound of a camera shutter|this|is fine Snap snap, this will do. 工人 也 是 就 知道 在 這 成績 程序 上 worker|also|is|just|know|in|this|performance|program|on The workers just know how to follow this procedure. 站 在 這擰 幾個 螺絲釘 裝 一個 配件 就行了 stand|at|this screw|a few|screws|install|one|accessory|will be fine Just stand here, twist a few screws, and install a part. 越 簡單 越 準確 the more|simple|the more|accurate The simpler, the more accurate. 產品 的 整體 質量 越 有 保證 product|possessive particle|overall|quality|the more|has|guarantee The overall quality of the product is more guaranteed. 福特 的 汽車 管理 的 這個 黃金 原則 Ford|possessive particle|car|management|possessive particle|this|golden|principle This golden principle of Ford's car management. 他 的 汽車 企業 管理 原則 就 什麼 he|possessive particle|car|business|management|principles|then|what His principles of car enterprise management are just what. 每個 工人 來 上班 every|worker|comes|to work Every worker comes to work. 不要 帶 腦子 來 帶 一 雙手 來 就行了 don't|bring|brain|here|bring|one|pair of hands|here|that's enough Don't bring your brain, just bring a pair of hands. 1916 年 福特 的 T 型車 達到 了 year|Ford|possessive particle|T|model car|reached|past tense marker In 1916, Ford's Model T reached. 58 萬 5000 輛 的 這個 產量 ten thousand|units|possessive particle|this|production a production volume of 585,000 vehicles. 售價 呢 360 美元 selling price|question particle|dollars The selling price was 360 dollars. 這一下子 T 型車 就 實現 了 他 追求 的 經濟性 目標 了 this time|T|type car|then|realized|past tense marker|he|pursuit|possessive particle|economy|goal|past tense marker At this point, the Model T achieved the economic goals he pursued. 時速 達到 了 47 英里 speed|reached|past tense marker|miles The speed reached 47 miles per hour. 每加侖 汽油 能 跑 22 英里 per gallon|gasoline|can|drive|miles Every gallon of gasoline can run 22 miles. 這個 是 福特 一生 中 最 輝煌 的 時刻 了 this|is|Ford|lifetime|in|most|glorious|possessive particle|moment|past tense marker This is the most glorious moment in Ford's life. 是 他 的 頂峰 is|he|possessive particle|peak It is his peak. 福特 T 型 汽車 在 最高峰 的 時候 能夠 佔領 Ford|T|model|car|at|peak|possessive particle|time|could|dominate The Ford Model T was able to dominate at its peak. 世界 汽車 市場 中 的 68% world|car|market|in|possessive particle 68% of the world's car market 當時 的 地球 上 十輛 車 裡 有 七輛 車 是 福特車 at that time|possessive particle|Earth|on|ten vehicles|cars|inside|there are|seven vehicles|cars|are|Ford cars At that time, seven out of ten cars on Earth were Ford cars 福特 是 現代 大生產 的 創始人 Ford|is|modern|mass production|possessive particle|founder Ford is the founder of modern mass production 福特 在 勞工 關係 財務 管理 上 也 帶來 了 歷史性 進步 Ford|in|labor|relations|financial|management|on|also|brought|past tense marker|historic|progress Ford also brought historic progress in labor relations and financial management 最 有名 的 就是 他 提 出來 了 most|famous|possessive particle|is exactly|he|propose|out|past tense marker The most famous is that he proposed 一天 八小時 工作制 保障 日薪 五元 one day|eight hours|work system|guarantee|daily wage|five yuan A work system of eight hours a day guarantees a daily wage of five dollars. 而且 從 本年度 的 總結 算 當中 moreover|from|this year|possessive particle|summary|calculation|among Moreover, based on the summary of this year's total. 抽出 公司 總 收益 中 的 一千萬 鉅額利潤 分給 全體 職工 extract|company|total|revenue|from|possessive particle|ten million|large profit|distribute to|all|employees Ten million of the company's total profits will be distributed to all employees. 這 在 美國 勞工 史上 是 一場 革命 啊 this|in|America|labor|history|is|a|revolution|ah This is a revolution in the history of American labor! 當時 《 華爾街日報 》 也 說 了 at that time|The Wall Street Journal|also|said|past tense marker At that time, the Wall Street Journal also mentioned it. 說 福特 這種 做法 違背 了 資本主義 理論 said|Ford|this kind of|practice|violates|past tense marker|capitalism|theory Saying that Ford's actions violate the principles of capitalism. 給 他 狠狠 的 批判 了 一番 give|him|severely|(possessive particle)|criticism|past tense marker|a round He was heavily criticized. 結果 《 華爾街日報 》 他 的 這份 攻擊性 的 報導 反而 成 了 result|Wall Street Journal|he|possessive particle|this|aggressive|possessive particle|report|instead|became|past tense marker As a result, the aggressive report from The Wall Street Journal became. 福特 的 免費 招聘廣告 Ford|possessive particle|free|recruitment advertisement Ford's free recruitment advertisement. 一萬兩千 名 來自 全美 各地 的 求職者 twelve thousand|people|from|all over the USA|various places|possessive particle|job seekers Twelve thousand job seekers from all over the country. 呼 一下 就 聚集 在 福特汽車公司 的 門口 了 call|once|then|gathered|at|Ford Motor Company|possessive particle|entrance|past tense marker With a call, they gathered at the entrance of Ford Motor Company. 還要 警察 來 維持 秩序 still need|police|to come|maintain|order The police were also needed to maintain order. 上崗 的 工人 區別 馬上 看 出來 了 on duty|possessive particle|workers|distinction|immediately|see|out|past tense marker The workers on duty immediately noticed the difference. 那 上崗 的 工人 幾乎 不再 跳槽 了 that|on the job|possessive particle|workers|almost|no longer|change jobs|past tense marker The workers on duty hardly changed jobs anymore. 生產率 也 大大的 提升 productivity|also|greatly|improved Productivity has also greatly increased. 咱們 想 福特 是 怎麼 算賬 的 呢 we|think|Ford|is|how|accounting|past action particle|question particle How do we think Ford calculates its accounts? 他 是 這麼 想 的 he|is|like this|thought|past tense particle This is how he thinks. 這 工人 拿 了 高 工資 this|worker|received|past tense marker|high|salary The workers receive high wages. 他 肯定 會 去 提高 生活 質量 he|definitely|will|go|improve|life|quality He will definitely improve his quality of life. 他 會 去 購買 更 多 的 產品 he|will|go|buy|more|many|possessive particle|products He will buy more products. 因此 相關 的 企業 會 更加 有 活力 therefore|related|possessive particle|enterprises|will|more|have|vitality Therefore, related enterprises will be more vibrant. 比如說 按照 現在 的 收入 for example|according to|current|possessive particle|income For example, according to the current income, 工人 半年 的 工作 可以 存錢 買得起 一輛 福特 的 T 型車 worker|half a year|possessive particle|work|can|save money|afford to buy|one|Ford|possessive particle|T|model car a worker can save enough money in half a year to buy a Ford Model T. 他 多 出來 的 錢 可以 到 相關 的 食品 和 服裝 各種 產業 He|more|earned|possessive particle|money|can|reach|related|possessive particle|food|and|clothing|various|industries The extra money he has can be spent in various related food and clothing industries. 去 購買 他們 需要 的 產品 go|buy|they|need|possessive particle|product to purchase the products they need. 這樣 只要 有 更 多 的 資本家 參與 this way|as long as|there are|more|many|possessive particle|capitalists|participate As long as there are more capitalists participating. 這些 資本家 不再 想著 怎麼 剋扣 工人 薪水 these|capitalists|no longer|thinking about|how|underpaying|workers|wages These capitalists no longer think about how to cut workers' wages. 而是 多發 錢 多 生產 but rather|more issuance|money|more|production Instead, they want to distribute more money and produce more. 這樣 就 構成 了 一個 大 市場 的 概念 like this|then|constitutes|past tense marker|a|large|market|possessive particle|concept This forms the concept of a large market. 時間 到 了 第一次 世界 大戰 time|arrived|past tense marker|first|world|war The time has come for World War I. 在 大戰 前夕 戰雲 密佈 on|war|eve|clouds of war|heavily overcast On the eve of the great war, the clouds of battle were gathering. 福特 親自 率領 一個 和平 代表團 Ford|personally|led|a|peace|delegation Ford personally led a peace delegation. 搭乘 奧斯卡 二十 號 遊輪 前往 歐洲 宣揚 和平 board|Oscar|20|number|cruise|to|Europe|promote|peace They took the Oscar XX cruise ship to Europe to promote peace. 咱們 看 現在 聯合國 國旗 啊 we|look|now|United Nations|flag|ah Let's take a look at the current United Nations flag. 就是 來自 當年 福特 在 船上 懸掛 的 那面 旗幟 it is|from|that year|Ford|on|the ship|hoisted|(possessive particle)|that|flag It is the same flag that Ford hung on the ship back then. 然而 當 福特 為 英國 生產 的 一 船 拖拉機 however|when|Ford|for|the UK|produced|(possessive particle)|one|ship|tractor However, when a ship of tractors produced by Ford for Britain 在 海上 被 德國 的 潛艇 擊沉 之後 on|the sea|by|German|possessive particle|submarine|sunk|after was sunk at sea by a German submarine, 福特 憤怒 了 他 跑 到 了 華盛頓 Ford|angry|past tense marker|he|ran|to|past tense marker|Washington Ford was furious. He ran to Washington, 要求 晉見 總統 威爾遜 request|audience|President|Wilson demanding to meet President Wilson. 威爾遜 就 說 了 怎麼 了 亨利 Wilson|then|said|past tense marker|what happened|past tense marker|Henry Wilson then asked, 'What happened, Henry?' 你 這個 著名 的 和平主義者 you|this|famous|possessive particle|pacifist You, this famous pacifist, 是不是 也 決定 要 用 戰爭 來 結束 戰爭 了 is it true that|also|decided|to|use|war|to|end|war|past tense marker have you also decided to use war to end war? 總統 這麼 一問 president|like this|question The president asked this. 福特 的 回答 很 簡單 是 Ford|possessive particle|answer|very|simple|is Ford's answer was very simple. 福特 採取 實際行動 了 Ford|took|actual action|past tense marker Ford took practical action. 他 專門 買 了 一大塊 土地 新建 廠房 He|specifically|bought|past tense marker|a large piece of|land|newly built|factory He specifically bought a large piece of land to build a factory. 大量 的 生產 海軍部 給 他 的 訂單 魚雷艇 large quantity|possessive particle|production|Navy Department|gave|him|possessive particle|order|torpedo boat The Navy gave him a large order for the production of torpedo boats. 然後 把 T 型 車 用 的 那個 擋泥板 呢 then|(indicates action)|T|type|car|used|possessive particle|that|mudguard|question particle Then, what about the fender used for the T-model car? 用來 生產 美國 士兵 的 頭盔 used to|produce|American|soldiers|possessive particle|helmets It was used to produce helmets for American soldiers. 在 二戰時期 福特 又 有 了 類似 的 舉動 during|World War II|Ford|again|had|past tense marker|similar|possessive particle|action During World War II, Ford had similar actions again. 他 當時 是 反對 在 歐洲 發動 戰爭 he|at that time|was|opposed|in|Europe|launching|war At that time, he opposed waging war in Europe. 他 當時 是 反對 對 猶太人 的 迫害 he|at that time|was|opposed|to|Jews|possessive particle|persecution At that time, he opposed the persecution of Jews. 但是 呢 but|question particle However, 他 也 認為 猶太人 的 金融 大 鱷 he|also|believes|Jewish people|possessive particle|finance|big|crocodile he also believed that the Jewish financial tycoons 操縱 了 華爾街 誘使 美國 參戰 manipulate|past tense marker|Wall Street|entice|the United States|to enter the war manipulated Wall Street to entice the United States into war. 所以 當時 他 也 發表 了 一些 反對 猶太人 的 言論 so|at that time|he|also|made|past tense marker|some|against|Jewish people|possessive particle|remarks So at that time, he also made some remarks against the Jews. 福特 甚至 一度 支持 希特勒 的 經濟 建設 Ford|even|at one time|supported|Hitler|possessive particle|economic|construction Ford even once supported Hitler's economic construction. 在 德國 設立 汽車 分廠 in|Germany|establish|automobile|branch factory He established a car manufacturing branch in Germany. 並 獲得 了 希特勒 頒發 的 德國 鷹 大十字 勳章 and|received|past tense marker|Hitler|awarded|possessive particle|Germany|eagle|Grand Cross|medal And he received the Grand Cross of the German Eagle awarded by Hitler. 福特 是 獲得 這個 勳章 的 第一個 美國 人 Ford|is|awarded|this|medal|possessive particle|first|American|person Ford was the first American to receive this medal. 授勳 的 原因 呢 awarding a medal|possessive particle|reason|question particle The reason for the award is 是 福特 使得 汽車 成為 一個 大眾 商品 所 做 的 先驅 工作 is|Ford|made|car|become|a|mass|commodity|(particle indicating action by a preceding verb)|done|(possessive particle)|pioneer|work the pioneering work done by Ford to make automobiles a mass commodity. 希特勒 還 親自 寫 了 一封 祝賀信 Hitler|also|personally|wrote|past tense marker|a|congratulatory letter Hitler even personally wrote a congratulatory letter. 但是 在 希特勒 發動 對 波蘭 的 閃電戰 but|at|Hitler|launched|against|Poland|possessive particle|Blitzkrieg However, after Hitler launched the Blitzkrieg against Poland, 和 美國 遭受 了 珍珠港事件 之後 and|the United States|suffered|past tense marker|Pearl Harbor attack|after and the United States suffered the Pearl Harbor incident. 信奉 傳統 美國 孤立主義 的 福特 就 不再 固執己見 了 believe in|tradition|America|isolationism|possessive particle|Ford|then|no longer|stubbornly held his views|past tense marker Ford, who adhered to traditional American isolationism, no longer held onto his own views. 福特公司 馬上 做出 表率 Ford Motor Company|immediately|set|example Ford Motor Company immediately set an example. 開始 加入 了 美軍 戰時 工廠 系統 start|joined|past tense marker|US military|wartime|factory|system It began to join the U.S. military wartime factory system. 他 在 密西根州 的 威 諾蘭 市 He|at|Michigan|possessive particle|Winooski|Nolan|city He built a large aircraft manufacturing plant in Winona, Michigan. 新建 了 一個 龐大 的 飛機 制造 廠 newly built|past tense marker|a|large|possessive particle|airplane|manufacturing|factory . 生產 了 二戰 當中 美國空軍 服役 最多 的 轟炸機 produced|past tense marker|World War II|during|United States Air Force|served|most|possessive particle|bombers Produced the most widely used bomber of the U.S. Air Force during World War II. B-24 解放者 轟炸機 B-24|Liberator|bomber B-24 Liberator bomber. 這一 轟炸機 的 機型 大量 的 用於 歐洲 的 西線 this|bomber|possessive particle|model|large numbers|possessive particle|used in|Europe|possessive particle|Western Front This type of bomber was extensively used on the Western Front in Europe. 太平洋戰爭 和 中國 戰場 Pacific War|and|China|battlefield The Pacific War and the China battlefield. 1947 年 的 4 月 6 號 year|possessive particle|month|day April 6, 1947. 密西根 下 了 一場 罕見 的 暴雨 Michigan|had|past tense marker|a|rare|possessive particle|heavy rain Michigan experienced a rare heavy rain. 第二天 the next day The next day. 84 歲 的 福特 和 妻子 克拉拉 去 查看 大雨 造成 的 損失 years old|possessive particle|Ford|and|wife|Clara|went|to check|heavy rain|caused|possessive particle|damage 84-year-old Ford and his wife Clara went to assess the damage caused by the heavy rain. 晚上 回到 家 evening|return to|home They returned home in the evening. 結婚 60 年 以來 啊 marriage|years|since|ah It's been 60 years since they got married. 克拉拉 呀 都 要 在 晚上 給 福特 念 一段 文章 Clara|particle indicating surprise|all|will|at|night|to|Ford|read|a passage|article Clara has to read a passage to Ford in the evening. 成了 這 老兩口 的 一個 習慣 became|this|old couple|possessive particle|one|habit This has become a habit for the old couple. 這個 晚上 也 一樣 this|evening|also|the same This evening is no different. 但是 這 一天 晚上 呢 but|this|one day|evening|question particle But on this particular evening, 唸完 文章 之後 finish reading|article|after after finishing the reading, 福特 對 妻子 說 有點 頭疼 Ford|to|wife|said|a little|headache Ford said to his wife that he had a bit of a headache. 不久 腦溢血 奪去 了 福特 的 生命 soon|cerebral hemorrhage|took away|past tense marker|Ford|possessive particle|life Not long after, a brain hemorrhage took Ford's life. 福特 被 《 財富 》 雜誌 評選 為 20 世紀 最 偉大 的 企業家 Ford|was|Fortune|magazine|selected|as|century|most|great|possessive particle|entrepreneur Ford was named by Fortune magazine as the greatest entrepreneur of the 20th century. 他 留下 的 不僅僅 是 福特 汽車 這個 品牌 He|left|possessive particle|not just|is|Ford|car|this|brand What he left behind is not just the Ford Motor Company brand. 他 改變 了 我們 生活 的 每 一片 土地 He|changed|past tense marker|our|life|possessive particle|every|piece|land He changed every aspect of our lives. 創建 了 大 市場 created|past tense marker|big|market Created a large market 福特 雖然 說 鄉土氣 十足 Ford|although|said|rustic charm|full of Ford, although said to be very rustic 也 帶著 他 那個 時代 的 不少 的 偏見 also|carrying|he|that|era|possessive particle|quite a few|possessive particle|prejudices also carried many prejudices of his time 但是 福特 創造 了 二十世紀 美國 的 特徵 but|Ford|created|past tense marker|20th century|America|possessive particle|characteristics but Ford created the characteristics of America in the twentieth century 汽車 文化 automobile|culture automobile culture 同時 輪子 上 的 美國 也 深刻 地 影響 著 at the same time|wheel|on|possessive particle|America|also|profoundly|adverbial particle|influence|continuous aspect particle At the same time, the United States on the wheel also profoundly influences. 美國 的 民主化 和 世界 文明 的 歷史 United States|possessive particle|democratization|and|world|civilization|possessive particle|history The history of the democratization of the United States and world civilization. 歷史 上 的 今天 亨利 • 福特 和 他 的 T 型 車 history|on|possessive particle|today|Henry|Ford|and|he|possessive particle|T|type|car On this day in history, Henry Ford and his Model T. 風能 把 財富 吹來 wind energy|to bring|wealth|blown in Wind can blow wealth in. 也 能 把 它 吹 走 also|can|(particle indicating disposal)|it|blow|away It can also blow it away. 品牌 更 讓 一個 民族 自信 brand|more|make|a|nation|confident A brand makes a nation more confident. 因為 它 是 土裡 種 出來 的 because|it|is|in the soil|planted|grew|past action particle Because it is grown from the soil. 這 土裡 有 創新 的 自由 this|soil|has|innovation|possessive particle|freedom This soil has the freedom of innovation. 思想 的 激盪 thought|possessive particle|collision The collision of ideas. 信仰 的 寬宏 faith|possessive particle|generosity The generosity of faith.