4.3 – Viking Expeditions and Colonization
Viking|Expeditions|and|Colonization
4.3 – Wikingerexpeditionen und Kolonisierung
4.3 – Expediciones vikingas y colonización
4.3 – Expéditions vikings et colonisation
4.3 – Wyprawy Wikingów i Kolonizacja
4.3 – Expedições vikings e colonização
4.3 – Экспедиции викингов и колонизация
4.3 – Viking Seferleri ve Kolonizasyon
4.3 – Експедиції вікінгів і колонізація
4.3 – 維京探險和殖民
4.3 – Viking Expeditions and Colonization
Hallo hallo!
Hello|hello
Bonjour bonjour!
Hello hello!
Vikingferder og kolonisering I 793 angreip norske vikinger klosteret på Lindisfarne.
||||атаковали|||монастырь||
Viking expeditions|and|colonization|In|attacked|Norwegian|Vikings|the monastery|on|Lindisfarne
Expéditions vikings et colonisation En 793, les Vikings norvégiens ont attaqué le monastère de Lindisfarne.
Подорожі вікінгів і колонізація У 793 році норвезькі вікінги напали на монастир у Ліндісфарні.
Viking expeditions and colonization In 793, Norwegian Vikings attacked the monastery at Lindisfarne.
Dette blir ofte regna som begynnelsen på vikingtida.
|||gerechnet||||
This|is|often|regarded|as|beginning|of|the Viking Age
Cela est souvent considéré comme le début de l'ère viking.
This is often considered the beginning of the Viking Age.
Likevel var det faktisk ikke det første vikingraidet i England.
Nevertheless|was|it|actually|not|the|first|Viking raid|in|England
Cependant, ce n'était en fait pas la première attaque viking en Angleterre.
However, it was actually not the first Viking raid in England.
Året før hadde vikinger angrepet kong Offa av Mercia, en engelsk småkonge.
The year|before|had|vikings|attacked|king|Offa|of|Mercia|a|English|petty king
L'année précédente, les Vikings avaient attaqué le roi Offa de Mercie, un petit roi anglais.
За рік до цього вікінги напали на короля Мерсії Оффу, англійського дрібного короля.
The year before, Vikings had attacked King Offa of Mercia, a minor English king.
Angrepet på Lindisfarne er likevel det mest kjente.
The attack|on|Lindisfarne|is|nevertheless|the|most|famous
L'attaque de Lindisfarne est cependant la plus célèbre.
The attack on Lindisfarne is still the most famous.
Vikingene spredde frykt der de reiste.
The Vikings|spread|fear|where|they|traveled
Die Wikinger verbreiteten Angst, wohin sie auch reisten.
Les Vikings semaient la terreur partout où ils allaient.
The Vikings spread fear wherever they traveled.
Folk var redde for vikingene ettersom raidene var veldig voldelige.
People|were|afraid|of|the Vikings|since|raids|were|very|violent
Die Menschen hatten Angst vor den Wikingern, da die Überfälle sehr gewalttätig waren.
Les gens craignaient les Vikings car leurs raids étaient très violents.
People were afraid of the Vikings as the raids were very violent.
Men vikingene var også dyktige.
||||geschickt
But|the Vikings|were|also|skilled
Aber auch die Wikinger waren geschickt.
Mais les Vikings étaient aussi compétents.
Але вікінги також були вправними.
But the Vikings were also skilled.
Det var vanskelig å hindre vikingangrep ettersom vikingene kunne bevege seg så kjapt.
It|was|difficult|to|prevent|Viking attacks|since|the Vikings|could|move|themselves|so|quickly
Es war schwierig, Angriffe der Wikinger zu verhindern, da die Wikinger so schnell vorrücken konnten.
Il était difficile d'empêcher les attaques des Vikings car ils pouvaient se déplacer si rapidement.
Було важко запобігти нападам вікінгів, оскільки вікінги могли рухатися дуже швидко.
It was difficult to prevent Viking attacks as the Vikings could move so quickly.
Vikingskipene var raske, lette å styre, og kunne seile på ganske grunne farvann.
||schnell|leicht||||||||flachen Gewässer|
The Viking ships|were|fast|easy|to|steer|and|could|sail|in|quite|shallow|waters
Les navires vikings étaient rapides, faciles à manœuvrer et pouvaient naviguer sur des eaux assez peu profondes.
Кораблі вікінгів були швидкими, легкими в керуванні і могли плавати в досить мілководді.
The Viking ships were fast, easy to steer, and could sail in quite shallow waters.
Dette gjorde at vikingene kunne bruke kysten og elver for å komme seg rundt.
This|made|that|the vikings|could|use|the coast|and|rivers|to||get|themselves|around
Dies ermöglichte es den Wikingern, die Küste und Flüsse als Fortbewegungsmittel zu nutzen.
Cela a permis aux Vikings d'utiliser la côte et les rivières pour se déplacer.
This allowed the Vikings to use the coast and rivers to get around.
Det gjorde at vikingene var mer mobile enn andre.
It|made|that|the Vikings|were|more|mobile|than|others
Cela a rendu les Vikings plus mobiles que les autres.
This made the Vikings more mobile than others.
Dette gjorde at vikingene kunne angripe, plyndre og så trekke seg tilbake.
This|made|that|the vikings|could|attack|plunder|and|then|withdraw|themselves|back
Dadurch konnten die Wikinger angreifen, plündern und sich dann zurückziehen.
Cela a permis aux Vikings d'attaquer, de piller et de se retirer ensuite.
Це дозволяло вікінгам атакувати, грабувати, а потім відступати.
This allowed the Vikings to attack, plunder, and then retreat.
Engelske og franske skip var ikke raske nok til å ta igjen vikingskipene.
English|and|French|ships|were|not|fast|enough|to||catch|up|the Viking ships
Englische und französische Schiffe waren nicht schnell genug, um die Wikingerschiffe einzuholen.
Les navires anglais et français n'étaient pas assez rapides pour rattraper les navires vikings.
English and French ships were not fast enough to catch up with the Viking ships.
En annen grunn til at vikingene var så suksessfulle var den svake politiske organiseringa i Europa.
Another|other|reason|for|that|the Vikings|were|so|successful|was|the|weak|political|organization|in|Europe
Une autre raison du succès des vikings était la faible organisation politique en Europe.
Another reason why the Vikings were so successful was the weak political organization in Europe.
Den politiske organiseringa i Europa var svak, noe som gjorde at de sleit med å forsvare seg mot vikingene.
The|political|organization|in|Europe|was|weak|something|that|made|that|they|struggled|with|to|defend|themselves|against|the Vikings
Die politische Organisation in Europa war schwach, was bedeutete, dass sie Schwierigkeiten hatten, sich gegen die Wikinger zu verteidigen.
L'organisation politique en Europe était faible, ce qui les a empêchés de se défendre contre les vikings.
Політична організація в Європі була слабкою, що означало, що їм було важко захиститися від вікінгів.
The political organization in Europe was weak, which made it difficult for them to defend against the Vikings.
Storbritannia bestod av mange ulike små-riker som ikke samarbeida med hverandre.
Britain|consisted|of|many|different||kingdoms|that|not|cooperated|with|each other
Le Royaume-Uni était composé de nombreux petits royaumes qui ne coopéraient pas les uns avec les autres.
Britain consisted of many different small kingdoms that did not cooperate with each other.
Etter Karl den Store døde i 814 delte også Frankerriket seg i mange deler.
After|Charles|the|Great|died|in|divided|also|Frankish Empire|itself|into|many|parts
Après la mort de Charlemagne en 814, le royaume des Francs s'est également divisé en de nombreuses parties.
After Charlemagne died in 814, the Frankish Empire also divided into many parts.
Dette gjorde at det blei lettere for vikingene å angripe det som i dag er Frankrike, Nederland, Belgia og Tyskland.
||||wurde|||||||||||||||
This|made|that|it|became|easier|for|the Vikings|to|attack|what|that|in|today|is|France|Netherlands|Belgium|and|Germany
Dies erleichterte den Wikingern den Angriff auf das heutige Frankreich, die Niederlande, Belgien und Deutschland.
Cela a facilité les attaques des Vikings sur ce qui est aujourd'hui la France, les Pays-Bas, la Belgique et l'Allemagne.
This made it easier for the Vikings to attack what is today France, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany.
Hvorfor dro folk på vikingferder?
Why|did travel|people|on|Viking expeditions
Warum machten die Menschen Wikingerreisen?
Чому люди вирушали в подорожі вікінгів?
Why did people go on Viking expeditions?
En grunn var at oppdagelser og farlige ferder ga ære i det norrøne samfunnet.
||||Entdeckungen|||Reisen||||||
One|reason|was|that|discoveries|and|dangerous|journeys|gave|honor|in|the|Norse|society
One reason was that discoveries and dangerous journeys brought honor in Norse society.
Det var ærefult å reise på vikingferder.
It|was|honorable|to|travel|on|Viking expeditions
It was honorable to go on Viking expeditions.
Ære var noe av det aller viktigste i vikingsamfunnet.
||||||||Wikinger-Ges
Honor|was|something|of|the|very|most important|in|Viking society
Honor was one of the most important things in Viking society.
I tillegg ønska vikingene å skaffe seg rikdommer.
||wollten|||sich beschaffen||
In|addition|wanted|the Vikings|to|acquire|themselves|riches
Darüber hinaus wollten die Wikinger Reichtümer erwerben.
In addition, the Vikings wanted to acquire wealth.
Jakten på ære og rikdom var altså viktig for vikingferdene.
The hunt|for|honor|and|wealth|was|therefore|important|for|the Viking expeditions
Die Suche nach Ehre und Reichtum war daher für die Wikingerreisen wichtig.
The pursuit of honor and wealth was therefore important for the Viking expeditions.
Norske vikinger fokuserte mest på Nord-England, Skottland, Irland og Nord-Frankrike.
Norwegian|vikings|focused|mostly|on|||Scotland|Ireland|and||
Norwegian Vikings focused mainly on Northern England, Scotland, Ireland, and Northern France.
Svenske vikinger reiste mest i Russland og Øst-Europa.
Swedish|vikings|traveled|mostly|in|Russia|and||
Swedish Vikings traveled mostly in Russia and Eastern Europe.
Danske vikinger var mye involvert i England, Nord-Frankrike og Nord-Tyskland.
Danish|vikings|were|much|involved|in|England|||and||
Danish Vikings were heavily involved in England, Northern France, and Northern Germany.
På 800-tallet begynte vikingene å slå seg ned på andre steder utenfor Europa.
In|the 8th century|began|the Vikings|to|settle|themselves|down|in|other|places|outside|Europe
Im 8. Jahrhundert begannen die Wikinger, sich auch an anderen Orten außerhalb Europas niederzulassen.
У VIII столітті вікінги почали селитися в інших місцях за межами Європи.
In the 800s, the Vikings began to settle in other places outside of Europe.
Vikingene begynte å flytte og bosette seg i land og på øyer utenfor Europa.
|||||sich niederlassen||||||||
The Vikings|began|to|move|and|settle|themselves|in|lands|and|on|islands|outside|Europe
The Vikings started to move and settle in lands and islands outside of Europe.
Noen av øyene var helt ubebodde fra før, og vikingene var de første som bosatte seg der.
|||||unbewohnt|||||||||||
Some|of|the islands|were|completely|uninhabited|from|before|and|the Vikings|were|they|first|who|settled|themselves|there
Some of the islands were completely uninhabited before, and the Vikings were the first to settle there.
Andre steder fantes det folk fra før.
Other|places|existed|there|people|from|before
An anderer Stelle waren Leute von früher.
В інших місцях були люди раніше.
In other places, there were people already living.
Hvorfor flytta mennesker fra Skandinavia til andre steder akkurat i denne perioden?
Why|did move|people|from|Scandinavia|to|other|places|exactly|in|this|period
Why did people move from Scandinavia to other places during this particular period?
En grunn var at det var befolkningsvekst.
One|reason|was|that|it|was|population growth
One reason was that there was population growth.
I Norge vokste befolkningen.
In|Norway|grew|the population
In Norway, the population grew.
Den beste jorda var derimot allerede tatt, noe som gjorde at noen måtte ta den dårligere jorda.
The|best|land|was|on the other hand|already|taken|something|that|made|that|some|had to|take|the|worse|land
Das beste Land hingegen war bereits besetzt, was bedeutete, dass jemand das ärmere Land nehmen musste.
The best land, however, was already taken, which meant that some had to take the poorer land.
Spesielt i Vest-Norge og i Trøndelag var det vanskelig å finne godt nytt land å drive jordbruk på.
Especially|in|||and|in|Trøndelag|was|it|difficult|to|find|good|new|land|to|cultivate|agriculture|on
Especially in Western Norway and in Trøndelag, it was difficult to find good new land for farming.
Allerede på 800-tallet reiste mennesker fra Norge til Orknøyene og bosatte seg der.
Already|in|the 800s|traveled|people|from|Norway|to|the Orkney Islands|and|settled|themselves|there
As early as the 800s, people traveled from Norway to the Orkney Islands and settled there.
Senere på 800-tallet innvandra de også til Shetland, Hebridene, Isle of Man, Færøyene og Island.
|||wanderten sie ein|||||||||||
Later|in|the 800s|they migrated|they|also|to|Shetland|the Hebrides|Isle|of|Man|the Faroe Islands|and|Iceland
Later in the 800s, they also migrated to Shetland, the Hebrides, the Isle of Man, the Faroe Islands, and Iceland.
I 840 grunnla norske vikinger byen Dublin i Irland.
I|founded|Norwegian|Vikings|the city|Dublin|in|Ireland
У 840 році норвезькі вікінги заснували місто Дублін в Ірландії.
In 840, Norwegian Vikings founded the city of Dublin in Ireland.
Vikingene styrte mye av Irland mellom 920 og 970.
The Vikings|ruled|much|of|Ireland|between|and
Вікінги правили більшою частиною Ірландії між 920 і 970 роками.
The Vikings ruled much of Ireland between 920 and 970.
Dublin var hovedstaden deres.
Dublin|was|the capital|their
Dublin was their capital.
Vikingene begynte også å bosette seg steder der det allerede fantes mennesker.
The Vikings|began|also|to|settle|themselves|places|where|it|already|existed|people
Die Wikinger begannen auch, sich an Orten niederzulassen, an denen bereits Menschen lebten.
The Vikings also began to settle in places where there were already people.
For eksempel tok danske vikinger kontroll over store deler av England.
For|example|took|Danish|Vikings|control|over|large|parts|of|England
For example, Danish Vikings took control of large parts of England.
Vikinghøvdingen Rollo, enten fra Norge eller Danmark, blei konge av Normandie.
der Wikingerhäupt||||||||||
The Viking chief|Rollo|either|from|Norway|or|Denmark|became|king|of|Normandy
Der Wikingerhäuptling Rollo, entweder aus Norwegen oder Dänemark, wurde König der Normandie.
The Viking chieftain Rollo, either from Norway or Denmark, became king of Normandy.
Det var norske vikinger som reiste lengst vestover.
It|was|Norwegian|vikings|who|traveled|farthest|westward
Es waren die norwegischen Wikinger, die am weitesten nach Westen reisten.
Найдальше на захід подорожували норвезькі вікінги.
It was Norwegian Vikings who traveled the farthest west.
De koloniserte Island mellom 870 og 920.
They|colonized|Iceland|between|and
They colonized Iceland between 870 and 920.
De brukte så Island som base til å komme seg enda lenger vestover.
They|used|then|Iceland|as|base|to|to|get|themselves|even|further|westward
They then used Iceland as a base to go even further west.
De brukte Island for å komme seg vestover til Grønland.
They|used|Iceland|to|(infinitive marker)|get|themselves|westward|to|Greenland
They used Iceland to travel west to Greenland.
Den første til å komme til Grønland var Eirik Raude, en norsk-islandsk mann.
The|first|to||arrive|to|Greenland|was|Eirik|the Red|a|||man
The first to arrive in Greenland was Erik the Red, a Norwegian-Icelandic man.
Han kom til Grønland i 982.
He|arrived|in|Greenland|in
He arrived in Greenland in 982.
I 985 begynte folk å flytte til Grønland.
In|began|people|to|move|to|Greenland
In 985, people began to move to Greenland.
På 1000-tallet var klimaet bra på Grønland.
In|the 1000s|was|the climate|good|on|Greenland
In the 1000s, the climate was good in Greenland.
Vikingene var ikke de første på Grønland.
The Vikings|were|not|they|first|in|Greenland
The Vikings were not the first in Greenland.
Det fantes allerede inuitter som bodde der, og vikingene hadde kontakt med inuittene.
There|existed|already|Inuit people|who|lived|there|and|the Vikings|had|contact|with|the Inuit people
Там уже жили інуїти, і вікінги контактували з інуїтами.
There were already Inuit living there, and the Vikings had contact with the Inuit.
Men vikingene kom lenger vestover enn Grønland.
But|the Vikings|came|further|westward|than|Greenland
Але вікінги прийшли західніше Гренландії.
But the Vikings went further west than Greenland.
Faktisk kom de helt til Nord-Amerika.
Actually|came|they|all|to||
In fact, they reached all the way to North America.
Leif Eriksson kom til Nord-Amerika, utenfor kysten av Canada, rundt år 1000.
Leif|Eriksson|came|to|||off|the coast|of|Canada|around|year
Лейф Ерікссон прибув до Північної Америки, біля узбережжя Канади, близько 1000 року.
Leif Eriksson arrived in North America, off the coast of Canada, around the year 1000.
Han prøvde å opprette en bosetting i Nord-Amerika, Vinland, men det varte ikke så veldig lenge.
He|tried|to|establish|a|settlement|in|||Vinland|but|it|lasted|not|so|very|long
他试图在北美文兰建立定居点,但并没有持续很长时间。
He tried to establish a settlement in North America, Vinland, but it didn't last very long.
Vikingene er kjente for sine voldelige raid.
The Vikings|are|known|for|their|violent|raids
Вікінги відомі своїми жорстокими набігами.
The Vikings are known for their violent raids.
De er kjente for å være voldelige røvere.
They|are|known|for|to|be|violent|robbers
Відомо, що вони жорстокі грабіжники.
They are known for being violent robbers.
Men vikingene var mye mer enn det.
But|the Vikings|were|much|more|than|that
But the Vikings were much more than that.
De reiste til mange nye steder og bosatte seg der.
They|traveled|to|many|new|places|and|settled|themselves|there
They traveled to many new places and settled there.
De var også handelsfolk.
They|were|also|merchants
Вони також були торговцями.
They were also traders.
Ofte var det ikke et klart skille mellom en vikingferd og en handelsferd.
Often|was|it|not|a|clear|distinction|between|a|Viking expedition|and|a|trading expedition
Often there was no clear distinction between a Viking expedition and a trading expedition.
Så vikingene var langt mer komplekse enn de ofte blir framstilt som i populærkulturen i dag.
So|the Vikings|were|much|more|complex|than|they|often|are|portrayed|as|in|popular culture|in|today
Отже, вікінги були набагато складнішими, ніж їх часто зображують у сучасній масовій культурі.
因此,维京人远比当今流行文化中所描绘的要复杂得多。
So the Vikings were far more complex than they are often portrayed in popular culture today.
Vocabulary:
Wortschatz:
Vocabulary:
Å angripe – To attack
To|attack||
To attack – Å angripe
Vikingraid – Viking raid
Viking raid||
Viking raid – Vikingraid
Småkonge – Minor king
Minor king|Minor|
Minor king – Småkonge
Kjent – Known
Known|
Known
Frykt – Fear
Fear|Fear
Fear
Voldelig – Violent
Violent|Violent
Violent
Dyktig – Skilful
Skilful|
Skilful
Å hindre – To prevent
To|prevent||prevent
To prevent
Ettersom – As/because
As/because||
As/because
Å bevege seg – To move/to manoeuvre
To|move|oneself|To|||manoeuvre
To move/to manoeuvre
Å styre – To steer
To|steer||steer
To steer
Grunne farvann – Shallow waters
Shallow|waters||waters
Shallow waters
Å komme seg rundt – To get around
To|get|oneself|around|||
Sich fortbewegen – Sich fortbewegen
To get around
Å trekke seg tilbake – To retreat
To|pull|oneself|back|To|retreat
To retreat
Å ta igjen – To catch up to
To|take|again|To|catch|up|to
To catch up to
Å slite med – To struggle with
To|struggle|with|||
To struggle with
Å forsvare seg – To defend oneself
To|defend|oneself||defend|
To defend oneself
Bestod av – Consisted of
Consisted|of||
Bestehend aus – Bestehend aus
Consisted of
Å samarbeide – To cooperate
To|cooperate||cooperate
To cooperate
Farlig – Dangerous
Dangerous|Dangerous
Dangerous
Ferd – Journey/expedition
Journey/expedition||expedition
Journey/expedition
Ære – Honour
Honour|
Honour
Ærefult – Honourable
Honourable|honourable
Honourable
Det aller viktigste – The most important thing (with emphasis)
The|most|important|The|most|important|thing|(with|emphasis)
The most important thing (with emphasis)
Å skaffe seg – To obtain
To|obtain|oneself||obtain
To obtain
Rikdommer – Riches
Riches|Riches
Riches
Jakt – Hunt
Hunt|Hunt
Hunt
Å slå seg ned – To settle
To|strike|oneself|down||settle
To settle
Å bosette seg – To settle
To|settle|oneself||
To settle
Ubebodd – Uninhabited
Uninhabited|Uninhabited
Uninhabited
Befolkningsvekst – Population growth
Population growth|Population|growth
Population growth
Å drive med – To engage with
To|engage|with|||
To engage with
Jordbruk – Agriculture
Agriculture|
Agriculture
Å innvandre – To immigrate
To|immigrate||immigrate
To immigrate
Å grunnlegge – To found
To|found||
To found
Hovedstad – Capital
Capital|
Capital – Hovedstad
Å opprette – To found
To|found||
To found – Å opprette
Handelsfolk – Merchants
Merchants|Merchants
Merchants – Handelsfolk
Skille – Division
Division|Division
Division – Skille
Å bli framstilt som – To be portrayed as
To|be|portrayed|as|||portrayed|
To be portrayed as
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