卷 之 一 梁惠王 上
volume|possessive particle|one|King Hui of Liang|above
第一巻 梁の恵王 前編
卷一 梁惠王 上
Volume One: King Hui of Liang - Part One
一 孟子 見 梁 惠王 。
one|Mencius|saw|Liang|King Hui
孟子が梁の恵王に会った。
Один Мэнцзы встречает Ляна Хуэй-вана.
孟子见梁惠王。
1. Mencius meets King Hui of Liang.
王 曰 :「叟 不遠 千里 而 來 ,亦 將 有 以利 吾 國 乎 ?」
the king|said|old man|not far|a thousand miles|and|came|also|will|have|benefit to|our|country|question particle
王は言った:「老人は何千マイルも旅してきましたが、彼は私の国に利益をもたらしますか?
Ван сказал: «Старик не путешествовал тысячи ли, чтобы прийти, разве он не принесет пользы нашей стране?»
王说:‘老人不远千里而来,也一定是为了有利于我的国家吗?’
The King said: "Old man, you have traveled a thousand miles to come here, will you also have something to benefit our country?"
孟子 對 曰 :「王 何必 曰 利 ?」
Mencius|replied|said|king|why must|say|profit
Мэнцзы ответил: «Зачем же, Ваше Величество, говорить о пользе?»
孟子回答说:‘王何必说利呢?’
Mencius replied: "Why must Your Majesty speak of benefits?"
亦 有 仁義 而已 矣 。
also|have|benevolence and righteousness|and nothing more|final particle
也有仁义而已。
There is only benevolence and righteousness.
王 曰 『何以 利 吾 國 』?
the king|said|how to|benefit|our|country
王说:‘怎么能让我的国家受益?’
The king said, 'What benefits my country?'
大夫 曰 『何以 利 吾 家 』?
the doctor|said|how|benefit|my|family
大夫说:‘怎么能让我的家受益?’
The noble said, 'What benefits my family?'
士 庶人 曰 『何以 利 吾 身 』?
scholar|commoner|said|how to|benefit|my|self
士庶人说:‘怎么能让我的身体受益?’
The scholar and commoner said, 'What benefits myself?'
上下 交 征 利 而 國 危 矣 。
up and down|interaction|demand|benefit|but|country|danger|indeed
上下交替征利而国家危险了。
The upper and lower classes collude for profit, and the country is in danger.
萬 乘 之 國 弒 其 君 者 , 必 千 乘 之 家 ; 千 乘 之 國 弒 其 君 者 , 必 百 乘 之 家 。
万乘之国弑其君者,必千乘之家;千乘之国弑其君者,必百乘之家。
In a nation of ten thousand chariots, if someone murders their ruler, they must come from a family of a thousand chariots; in a nation of a thousand chariots, if someone murders their ruler, they must come from a family of a hundred chariots.
萬 取 千 焉 , 千 取 百 焉 , 不 為 不 多 矣 。
万取千焉,千取百焉,不为不多矣。
Taking ten thousand for a thousand, and a thousand for a hundred, does not mean there is not much.
苟 為 後 義 而 先 利 ,不 奪 不 饜 。
if|for|later|righteousness|but|prioritize|personal gain|not|take away|not|satisfied
苟为后义而先利,不夺不饜。
If one prioritizes profit over righteousness, they will never be satisfied.
未 有 仁 而 遺 其 親 者 也 ,未 有 義 而 後 其 君 者 也 。
not|have|benevolence|but|abandon|his|parents|one who|particle indicating assertion|not|have|righteousness|but|betray|his|ruler|one who|particle indicating assertion
没有仁爱而抛弃父母的,也没有义气而背叛君主的。
There has never been a person who is benevolent and neglects their parents, nor has there ever been a person who is righteous and puts their lord last.
王 亦 曰 仁義 而已 矣 ,何必 曰 利 ?」
Wang|also|said|benevolence and righteousness|and nothing more|particle indicating completed action|why must|say|profit
国王也说仁义就可以了,何必说利益呢?
The king also said, 'Is it not enough to speak of benevolence and righteousness? Why must we mention profit?'
二 孟子 見 梁 惠王 ,王 立 於 沼 上 ,顧 鴻 鴈 麋鹿 ,曰 :「賢者 亦 樂 此 乎 ?」
second|Mencius|saw|Liang|King Hui|the king|standing|at|marsh|on|looking|wild goose|crane|elk|said|wise man|also|enjoy|this|question particle
孟子见梁惠王,王站在池塘边,看着鸿雁和麋鹿,说:‘贤者也喜欢这个吗?’
Mencius met King Hui of Liang, who was standing by a marsh, looking at the swans and deer, and said, 'Do the wise also enjoy this?'
孟子 對 曰 :「賢 者 而 後 樂 此 ,不 賢 者 雖 有 此 ,不 樂 也 。
Mencius|replied|said|wise|person|and|afterwards|enjoys|this|not|unwise|person|although|has|this|not|enjoys|either
孟子回答说:‘贤者才喜欢这个,不贤者即使有这个,也不喜欢。’
Mencius replied, 'The wise enjoy this only after they are wise; the unwise, even if they have this, do not enjoy it.'
詩 云 :『經 始 靈 臺 ,經之 營 之 ,庶民 攻 之 ,不 日 成 之 。
poem|said|scripture|begin|spiritual|platform|scripture's|operation|possessive particle|common people|attack|possessive particle|not|day|succeed|possessive particle
诗云:『经始灵台,经之营之,庶民攻之,不日成之。
The poem says: 'The scripture begins at the spiritual platform, managed by the scriptures, the common people attack it, and it will be accomplished in no time.'
經 始 勿 亟 ,庶 民 子 來 。
scripture|begin|do not|hastily|common|people|children|come
经始勿亟,庶民子来。
Do not rush at the beginning of the scripture, the common people will come.
王 在 靈 囿 ,麀 鹿 攸 伏 ,麀 鹿 濯濯 ,白 鳥 鶴 鶴 。
Wang|at|spirit|park|female deer|deer|leisurely|lying down|female deer|deer|clean|white|bird|crane|crane
王在灵囿,麀鹿攸伏,麀鹿濯濯,白鸟鹤鹤。
The king is in the spiritual garden, the deer are lying down, the deer are bright, the white birds are cranes.
王 在 靈 沼 ,於 牣 魚 躍 。」
Wang|at|spirit|swamp|in|the|fish|leap
王在灵沼,于牣鱼跃。』
The king is in the spiritual pond, where the fish leap.
文王 以 民力 為 臺 為 沼 。
King Wen|using|the strength of the people|as|platform|as|marsh
文王用人民的力量建造了台和沼。
King Wen used the strength of the people to create a platform and a marsh.
而 民 歡樂 之 ,謂 其 臺 曰 靈臺 ,謂 其 沼 曰 靈沼 ,樂 其 有 麋鹿 魚 鱉 。
and|people|happiness|possessive particle|to call|their|platform|said|spiritual platform|to call|their|marsh|said|spiritual marsh|happy|their|have|elk|fish|turtle
人民因此欢喜,称其台为灵台,称其沼为灵沼,乐于其中有麋鹿和鱼。
And the people rejoiced, calling the platform 'Spirit Platform' and the marsh 'Spirit Marsh', enjoying the presence of deer, fish, and turtles.
古 之 人 與 民 偕 樂 ,故 能 樂 也 。
ancient|possessive particle|people|and|commoners|together|happy|therefore|able|to be happy|also
古人和人民一起快乐,所以能快乐。
The ancients shared joy with the people, hence they were able to be joyful.
湯 誓 曰 :『時日 害 喪 ?
Tang|swore|said|time|harm|loss
汤誓说:‘什么时候会有灾害和丧失?’
King Tang swore: 'When will the days of harm and loss come?'
予 及 女 偕 亡 。」
I|and|you|together|die
我和她一起死。
And I will die with her.
民 欲 與 之 偕 亡 ,雖 有 臺 池 鳥 獸 ,豈 能 獨 樂 哉 ?」
people|desire|to be with|them|together|perish|although|have|platform|pond|birds|beasts|how|can|alone|enjoy|question particle
人民想和他们一起死,即使有台池的鸟兽,难道能独自快乐吗?
The people wish to die with her; even if there are ponds and birds and beasts, how can they enjoy themselves alone?
三梁 惠王 曰 : 「 寡人 之於 國 也 , 盡 心 焉 耳 矣 。
三梁の惠王は言った:「私が国に対して心を尽くしているのはこのことだけです。」
三梁惠王说:我对国家尽心尽力。
King Hui of Liang said: "As for me in relation to the state, I have done my utmost."
河內 凶 ,則 移 其 民 於 河東 ,移 其 粟 於 河內 。
Hanoi|ominous|then|move|their|people|to|Hedo|move|their|grain|to|Hanoi
河内が凶作ならば、その民を河東に移し、その穀物を河内に移す。
河内有灾,就把人民迁到河东,把粮食迁到河内。
If there is disaster in He'nan, then move its people to He'dong and move its grain to He'nan.
河 東 凶 亦然 。
river|east|ominous|also so
河東が凶作の場合も同様である。
河东的情况也很糟糕。
The river east is also fierce.
察 鄰國 之 政 ,無 如 寡人 之 用心 者 。
observe|neighboring country|possessive particle|politics|not|as|I (humble self-reference)|possessive particle|effort|one who
隣国の政を察するに、私の心を用いる者がない。
观察邻国的政治,没有人像我这样用心。
Observing the governance of neighboring countries, none are as diligent as I.
鄰國 之 民 不 加 少 ,寡人 之 民 不 加 多 ,何 也 ?」
neighboring country|possessive particle|people|not|increase|decrease|I the ruler of a small state|possessive particle|people|not|increase|decrease|why|question particle
隣国の民は減ることなく、私の民は増えることもないのは、どうしてだ?
邻国的人民没有减少,我的人民也没有增加,为什么呢?
The population of the neighboring country does not decrease, while my population does not increase, why is that?
孟子 對 曰 :「王 好 戰 ,請 以 戰 喻 。
Mencius|replied|said|the king|likes|war|please|use|war|to illustrate
孟子は答えた:「王は戦を好む、戦によって例えましょう。」
孟子回答说:"国王喜欢战争,请用战争来比喻。"
Mencius replied, "If the king likes war, let us use war as a metaphor."
填 然 鼓 之 ,兵刃 既 接 ,棄 甲 曳 兵 而 走 。
fill|then|drum|particle|weapons|already|engaged|abandon|armor|drag|soldiers|and|flee
戦闘が始まり、武器が交わった後、鎧を脱いで兵士たちは逃げた。
填然鼓之,兵刃既接,弃甲曳兵而走。
After the drums sounded, when the weapons clashed, they discarded their armor and fled.
或 百 步 而 後 止 ,或 五十 步 而 後 止 。
or|hundred|steps|and|afterwards|stop|or|fifty|steps|and|afterwards|stop
ある者は百歩進んでから止まり、ある者は五十歩進んでから止まる。
或百步而后止,或五十步而后止。
Some stopped after a hundred paces, while others stopped after fifty paces.
以 五十 步 笑 百 步 ,則 何如 ?」
using|fifty|steps|laugh at|hundred|steps|then|how about
五十歩が百歩を笑うとしたら、どうなるのか?
以五十步笑百步,则何如?
If one laughs at the other for stopping after a hundred paces while they themselves stopped after fifty, what then?
曰 :「不可 ,直 不 百 步 耳 ,是 亦 走 也 。」
said|cannot|just|not|hundred|steps|only|this|also|run|also
言った:「無理だ、ただ百歩ではない、これもまた走ることである。」
曰:不可,直不百步耳,是亦走也。
It was said: "That is not acceptable; it is still just a hundred paces, they too have fled."
曰 : 「 王 如 知 此 , 則 無望 民 之 多於 鄰國 也 。
言った:「王がこれを知っていれば、他国よりも民が多いことは望めない。」
说:‘如果国王知道这个,就不会期望百姓比邻国多了。’
He said: "If the king knows this, then there is no hope for the people to be more than those of neighboring countries.
不 違 農時 ,穀 不可 勝 食 也 ;數 罟 不 入 洿 池 ,魚 鱉 不可 勝 食 也 ;斧 斤 以 時 入 山林 ,材 木 不可 勝 用 也 。
not|violate|farming season|grain|cannot|exceed|consumption|also|count|nets|not|enter|shallow|pond|fish|turtle|cannot|exceed|consumption|also|axe|weight|by|time|enter|forest|timber|wood|cannot|exceed|use|also
農時を違えてはいけない、穀物は食べきれない;網を多くかけてはいけない、魚や亀は食べきれない;斧を持って適時に山林に入ることで、材木は使いきれない。
不违农时,谷物就不会吃不完;渔网不入池塘,鱼虾就不会吃不完;斧头按时进山林,木材就不会用不完。
If the agricultural seasons are not violated, grains cannot be overconsumed; if the nets do not enter the ponds, fish and turtles cannot be overconsumed; if the axes and saws enter the forests at the right time, timber cannot be overused.
穀 與 魚 鱉 不可 勝 食 ,材 木 不可 勝用 ,是 使 民 養生 喪死 無 憾 也 。
grain|and|fish|turtle|cannot|surpass|food|timber|wood|cannot|surpass use|this|make|people|live|die|without|regret|also
谷物和鱼虾吃不完,木材用不完,这样百姓的生死就没有遗憾。
Grains and fish cannot be overconsumed, timber cannot be overused, this allows the people to live and die without regrets.
養生 喪死 無 憾 ,王道 之 始 也 。
nurturing life|death|no|regrets|the way of kings|possessive particle|beginning|also
生死没有遗憾,是王道的开始。
Living and dying without regrets is the beginning of the king's way.
五 畝 之 宅 ,樹 之 以 桑 ,五十 者 可以 衣帛 矣 ;雞 豚 狗 彘 之 畜 ,無 失 其 時 ,七十 者 可以 食 肉 矣 ;百 畝 之 田 ,勿 奪 其 時 ,數 口 之 家 可以 無 飢 矣 ;謹 庠序 之 教 ,申 之 以 孝悌 之 養 ,頒 白 者 不 負 戴 於 道路 矣 。
five|mu (a unit of area)|possessive particle|house|plant|possessive particle|with|mulberry|fifty|those|can|wear silk|past tense particle|chicken|pig|dog|pig|possessive particle|livestock|not|lose|its|time|seventy|those|can|eat|meat|past tense particle|hundred|mu (a unit of area)|possessive particle|field|do not|take away|its|time|several|mouths|possessive particle|family|can|not|hungry|past tense particle|carefully|school|possessive particle|teaching|extend|possessive particle|with|filial piety and brotherly respect|possessive particle|nurturing|distribute|white-haired|those|not|burden|carry|on|road|past tense particle
五亩的房子,种桑树,五十岁的人可以穿上丝绸;养鸡、猪、狗等牲畜,不失去时机,七十岁的人可以吃肉;百亩的田地,不要错过时机,几口之家可以不饥饿;谨慎教育,传承孝道,白发的人在路上不会被人忽视。
A house of five acres, planted with mulberry trees, can provide clothing made of silk for fifty people; if the livestock of chickens, pigs, and dogs are not neglected, seventy people can eat meat; a hundred acres of farmland, if not taken away at the right time, can ensure that several families do not go hungry; by carefully teaching the rules of the household and promoting filial piety and brotherly love, the elderly will not be burdened on the roads.
七十 者 衣帛 食 肉 ,黎民 不 飢 不 寒 ,然 而 不 王 者 ,未 之 有 也 。
seventy|those|wear silk|eat|meat|common people|not|hungry|not|cold|yet|but|not|rule|those|not yet|possessive particle|have|also
七十岁的人穿丝绸,吃肉,百姓不饥不寒,但如果没有王者,这种情况是前所未有的。
If seventy people are clothed in silk and eat meat, and the common people do not suffer from hunger or cold, yet there is no king, this has never happened.
狗 彘 食 人 食 而 不 知 檢 ,塗 有 餓 莩 而 不 知 發 ;人 死 ,則 曰 :『非 我 也 ,歲 也 。」
dog|pig|eat|people|eat|but|not|know|examine|road|have|hunger|corpse|but|not|know|feel|people|die|then|say|not|I|also|year|also
狗和猪吃人吃的东西却不知道节制,路上有饿死的人却不知道施救;人死了,就说:‘不是我,是年岁。’
Dogs and pigs eat what people eat without knowing how to restrain themselves; the roads are filled with starving corpses, yet they do not know how to act; when a person dies, they say: 'It is not me, it is the year.'
是 何 異於 刺人 而 殺之 ,曰 :『非 我 也 ,兵 也 。」
is|what|different from|stabbing a person|and|killing him|said|not|I|also|soldier|also
这和刺杀人然后说:‘不是我,是兵器。’有什么区别呢?
What is the difference between stabbing a person and killing them, saying: 'It is not me, it is the soldiers.'
王 無罪 歲 ,斯 天下 之 民 至 焉 。」
the king|innocent|year|this|world|possessive particle|people|arrive|there
王无罪岁,斯天下之民至焉。
King is innocent, and the people of the world come to this.
四 梁 惠王 曰 :「寡人 願 安 承 教 。」
four|Liang|King Hui|said|I your humble servant|wish|to be at peace|to receive|teachings
四梁惠王曰:‘寡人愿安承教。’
King Hui of Liang said: "I, the humble one, wish to peacefully accept your teachings."
孟子 對 曰 :「殺人 以 梃 與 刃 ,有 以 異乎 ?」
Mencius|replied|said|killing|with|stick|and|blade|there is|by|any difference
孟子对曰:‘杀人以梃与刃,有以异乎?’
Mencius replied: "Is there any difference between killing a person with a stick and with a blade?"
曰 :「無以 異 也 。」
said|without|difference|particle indicating assertion
曰:‘无以异也。’
He said: "There is no difference."
「以 刃 與 政 ,有 以 異乎 ?」
with|blade|and|governance|has|with|different from
「用刀和政治,有什么不同吗?」
"Is there any difference between blades and governance?"
曰 :「無以 異 也 。」
said|without|difference|particle indicating assertion
回答说: 「没有什么不同。」
He said: "There is no difference."
曰 : 「 庖 有 肥 肉 , 廄 有 肥 馬 , 民 有 飢 色 , 野 有 餓 莩 , 此 率 獸 而 食 人 也 。
他说: 「厨房里有肥肉,马厩里有肥马,百姓却面临饥饿,野外有饿死的尸体,这就是兽类吃人的原因。
He said: "The kitchen has fatty meat, the stable has fat horses, the people show signs of hunger, and the wild has starving corpses. This is the way beasts devour humans.
獸 相 食 ,且 人 惡 之 。
badger|each other|eat|and|people|dislike|it
兽类相互残食,人们对此感到厌恶。」
Beasts eat each other, and people detest it."
為 民 父母 ,行政 不 免於 率 獸 而 食 人 。
for|people|parents|administration|not|exempt from|leading|beasts|and|eating|people
为民父母,行政不免于率兽而食人。
As the parents of the people, the administration cannot avoid leading beasts to eat people.
惡 在 其 為 民 父母 也 ?
evil|at|his|for|people|parents|also
恶在其为民父母也?
Is it evil to be the parents of the people?
仲尼 曰 :『始作俑者 ,其 無 後 乎 !」
Confucius|said|the one who first made the funerary figurines|he|should not have|descendants|question particle
仲尼曰:‘始作俑者,其无后乎!’
Confucius said: 'The one who first made the puppet, will there be no consequences for them!'
為 其 象人 而 用 之 也 。
for|its|resembling a person|and|to use|it|also
为其象人而用之也。
It is used to represent the likeness of a person.
如 之 何其 使 斯民 飢 而 死 也 ?」
how|possessive particle|so much|make|these people|hungry|and|die|particle indicating affirmation
怎么能让这些百姓饿死呢?
How can we let these people starve and die?
五 梁 惠王 曰 :「晉 國 ,天下 莫 強 焉 ,叟 之 所 知 也 。
Wu|Liang|King Hui|said|Jin|state|under heaven|no one|stronger|than it|old man|possessive particle|what|knowledge|also
五梁惠王说:"晋国是天下最强的,这是我所知道的。
King Hui of Liang said: "In the Jin state, there is no one stronger in the world, this is what the old man knows.
及 寡 人 之 身 ,東 敗 於 齊 ,長子 死 焉 ;西 喪 地 於 秦 七百 里 ;南 辱 於 楚 。
and|few|people|possessive particle|body|east|defeated|by|Qi|eldest son|died|there|west|lost|land|by|Qin|seven hundred|li (a unit of distance)|south|insulted|by|Chu
可是我自己,东边在齐国失败,长子死了;西边在秦国失去了七百里土地;南边在楚国受了辱。
As for myself, I was defeated in the east by Qi, and my eldest son died there; I lost seven hundred li of land in the west to Qin; and I was humiliated in the south by Chu.
寡 人 恥 之 ,願 比 死者 一 洒 之 ,如 之 何 則 可 ?」
I|me|ashamed|of it|wish|to compare|dead person|one|to spill|of it|how|it|what|then|possible
我对此感到羞耻,想要和死者一起洒泪,这样可以吗?"
I am ashamed of this, and I wish to share the fate of the dead, what can be done?"
孟子 對 曰 :「地方 百 里 而 可 以 王 。
Mencius|replied|said|territory|hundred|miles|and|can|be|ruled
孟子说:"地方百里就可以当王。"
Mencius replied: "A territory of a hundred li can be ruled.
王 如 施 仁政 於 民 ,省 刑罰 ,薄稅 斂 ,深耕 易 耨 。
the king|as|to implement|benevolent rule|on|the people|to reduce|punishments|light taxes|collection|deep plowing|easy|weeding
王如果对人民施行仁政,减少刑罚,减轻税收,深耕易耨。
If the king implements benevolent governance towards the people, reduces punishments, lowers taxes, and encourages deep plowing and easy weeding.
壯者 以 暇日 修 其 孝悌 忠信 ,入 以 事 其 父兄 ,出 以 事 其 長上 ,可 使 制 梃 以 撻 秦楚 之 堅甲 利兵 矣 。
strong man|using|leisure day|cultivate|his|filial piety and brotherly respect|loyalty and trustworthiness|when entering|using|serve|his|father and elder brothers|when going out|using|serve|his|superiors|can|make|create|a type of weapon|to|strike|Qin and Chu|possessive particle|strong armor|advantageous soldiers|final particle
壮年人可以利用空闲时间修身齐家,进而侍奉父母,出门侍奉长辈,可以用木棍打败秦楚的坚甲利兵。
The strong should use their leisure time to cultivate filial piety, brotherly love, loyalty, and trust, serving their fathers and brothers at home, and serving their superiors outside, so they can wield a staff to strike against the strong armor and sharp weapons of Qin and Chu.
彼 奪 其 民 時 ,使 不得 耕 耨 以 養 其 父母 ,父母 凍 餓 ,兄弟 妻子 離散 。
he|robs|his|people|time|causes|unable to|plow|weed|in order to|support|his|parents|parents|freeze|starve|brothers|wife|separated
他们夺走人民的时间,使得人民无法耕作养活父母,父母受冻饿,兄弟妻子离散。
When they seize the people’s time, they prevent them from farming to support their parents, leading to parents freezing and starving, and brothers and wives being separated.
彼 陷溺 其 民 ,王 往 而 征 之 ,夫 誰 與 王 敵 ?
he|entraps|his|people|the king|goes|and|conquers|them|then|who|with|the king|opposes
他让他的人民陷入困境,国王去征讨他,谁能与国王为敌?
He entrapped his people, the king went to conquer him, who would oppose the king?
故 曰 :『仁 者 無敵 。」
therefore|said|benevolence|one who|has no enemy
所以说:‘仁者无敌。’
Therefore it is said: 'The benevolent have no enemies.'
王 請 勿 疑 !」
Wang|please|do not|doubt
国王请不要怀疑!
The king requested, 'Please do not doubt!'
六 孟子 見 梁 襄王 。
Six|Mencius|saw|Liang|King Xiang
六孟子见梁襄王。
Mencius visited King Xiang of Liang.
出 ,語 人 曰 :「望 之 不 似 人君 ,就 之 而 不 見 所 畏 焉 。
exit|speak|person|said|look|at him|not|resemble|ruler|approach|him|and|not|see|what|fear|him
出来,语言的人说:‘看起来不像君主,接近了却看不到所畏惧的东西。’
The speaker said: "Looking at him, he does not resemble a ruler; approaching him, there is nothing to fear."
卒然 問 曰 :『天下 惡 乎 定 ?」
suddenly|asked|said|the world|evil|particle indicating a question|determined
突然问道:‘天下怎么能定呢?’
Suddenly, he asked: 'Where in the world is there certainty?'
吾 對 曰 :『定 于 一 。」
I|replied|said|determined|to|one
我回答说:‘定于一。’
I replied: 'Certainty lies in the One.'
『孰 能 一 之 ?」
who|can|unify|it
‘谁能使之为一呢?’
'Who can achieve the One?'
對 曰 :『不 嗜 殺人 者 能 一 之 。」
replied|said|not|fond of|killing|person|can|one|him
对说:『不喜欢杀人的人能做到这一点。』
He replied: 'Those who do not enjoy killing can be one with it.'
『孰 能 與 之 ?」
who|can|compare|him
『谁能和他相比?』
'Who can be with it?'
對 曰 :『天下 莫 不 與 也 。
replied|said|the world|no one|not|to be in harmony|also
对说:『天下没有人不愿意和他相比。』
He replied: 'Everyone in the world can be with it.'
王 知 夫 苗 乎 ?
Wang|knows|man|Miao|question particle
王知道苗吗?
Does the king know about Miao?
七八 月 之間 旱 ,則 苗槁 矣 。
July and August|month|between|drought|then|seedlings wither|already
七八月之间干旱,苗就枯萎了。
Between July and August, if there is drought, then the seedlings will wither.
天 油然 作 雲 ,沛然 下雨 ,則 苗 浡然 興 之 矣 。
sky|suddenly|become|clouds|abundantly|rain|then|seedlings|quickly|grow|them|past action particle
天如果突然有云,雨就会倾盆而下,苗就会茁壮成长。
If the sky suddenly forms clouds and rain pours down, then the seedlings will flourish.
其 如 是 ,孰 能 禦 之 ?
his|like|this|who|can|resist|it
这样的话,谁能抵挡呢?
In such a case, who can resist it?
今 夫 天下 之 人 牧 ,未 有 不 嗜 殺人 者 也 ,如 有 不 嗜 殺人 者 ,則 天下 之 民 皆 引領 而 望 之 矣 。
now|indeed|all under heaven|possessive particle|people|shepherd|not|have|not|fond of|killing|one who|also|if|have|not|fond of|killing|one who|then|all under heaven|possessive particle|people|all|lead by the neck|and|look up to|possessive particle|past action particle
现在天下的人都喜欢杀人,没有人不喜欢杀人,如果有不喜欢杀人的人,天下的人民都会仰望他。
Now, among the people of the world, there is no one who does not have a desire to kill; if there were someone who did not have such a desire, then all the people of the world would look up to them.
誠如 是 也 ,民 歸 之 ,由 水 之 就 下 ,沛然 誰 能 禦 之 ?」
as it is|this|also|people|return|to it|by|water|of|flow|down|abundantly|who|can|resist|it
诚如是也,民归之,由水之就下,沛然谁能御之?
As it is, the people return to it; who can resist it when it flows down like water?
七 齊宣王 問 曰 :「齊桓 、晉文 之 事 可 得 聞 乎 ?」
the seventh|King Xuan of Qi|asked|said|Duke Huan of Qi|Duke Wen of Jin|possessive particle|affairs|can|obtain|heard|question particle
七齐宣王问曰:“齐桓、晋文之事可得闻乎?”
King Xuan of Qi asked, "Can I hear about the matters of Duke Huan of Qi and Duke Wen of Jin?"
孟子 對 曰 :「仲尼 之 徒 無 道 桓 、文 之 事 者 ,是 以 後世 無 傳 焉 。
Mencius|replied|said|Confucius|possessive particle|disciples|not|understand|Huan|Wen|possessive particle|affairs|those|this|therefore|later generations|not|transmit|there
Mencius|replied|said|Confucius|possessive particle|disciples|not|teach|Huan|Wen|possessive particle|affairs|those|this|therefore|later generations|not|transmit|them
孟子对曰:“仲尼之徒无道桓、文之事者,是以后世无传焉。
Mencius replied, "The disciples of Confucius did not discuss the matters of Huan and Wen, which is why there are no records of them in later generations.
臣 未 之 聞 也 。
I|not|possessive particle|heard|particle indicating assertion
臣未之闻也。
I have not heard of them either."
無 以 ,則 王 乎 ?
without|means|then|king|question particle
没有的话,怎么能当王呢?
Without it, how can one rule?
」曰 :「德 何如 ,則 可以 王 矣 ?
said|virtue|how about|then|can|rule|particle indicating completed action
那么,德行怎样才能当王呢?
"What kind of virtue is needed to rule?"
」曰 :「保 民 而 王 ,莫 之 能 禦 也 。」
said|protect|people|and|rule|no one|them|able|resist|particle indicating assertion
保民而王,没人能抵挡。
"To protect the people and rule, no one can oppose it."
曰 :「若 寡人 者 ,可以 保民 乎 哉 ?
said|if|I the humble one|particle indicating a noun|can|protect the people|question particle|exclamatory particle
那么,我这样的人,能保民吗?
"As for me, can I protect the people?"
」曰 :可 。」
said|okay
」 说:可以。」
" said: Yes."},{
曰 :「何 由 知 吾 可 也 ?
said|how|by|to know|I|capable|also
说: 「怎么知道我可以呢?
」 曰 : 「 臣 聞 之 胡 齕 曰 , 王 坐 於 堂 上 , 有 牽 牛 而 過 堂 下 者 , 王 見 之 , 曰 : 『 牛 何 之 ?
」 说: 「我听胡齕说,王坐在堂上,有牵牛经过堂下,王看到,问:『牛要去哪里?
』對 曰 :『將 以 釁 鐘 。
replied|said|will|use|to fill|bell
』 回答说:『要去熬钟。
』王 曰 :『舍 之 !
Wang|said|abandon|it
王说:"舍弃它!
The king said: "Let it go!"
吾 不忍 其 觳觫 ,若 無罪 而 就 死地 。
I|cannot bear|his|punishment|if|innocent|and|to|place of death
我不忍心让它受苦,像是无辜而死。
I cannot bear to see its beak and claws, as if it were guilty and facing death.
』對 曰 :『然則 廢 釁 鐘 與 ?
replied|said|then|abolish|conflict|bell|and
对方说:"那就废除钟声吗?
The reply said: "Then should we abolish the bell of discord?"
』曰 :『何 可 廢 也 ?
said|what|can|be discarded|particle indicating affirmation
"怎么可以废除呢?
He said: "How can it be abolished?"
以 羊 易 之 !
use|sheep|exchange|it
以羊易之!
Change sheep for it!
』不 識 有 諸 ?
not|recognize|have|you (plural)
不识有诸?
"Do you not know there are many?"
」曰 :「有 之 。」
said|have|it
曰:有之。
"Yes, there are."
曰 :「是 心 足以 王 矣 。
said|is|heart|sufficient to|king|particle indicating completed action
曰:是心足以王矣。
"This heart is enough to rule."
百姓 皆 以 王 為 愛 也 ,臣 固 知 王 之 不忍 也 。」
common people|all|regard|king|as|benevolent|particle indicating assertion|I (the servant)|certainly|know|king|possessive particle|unable to bear|also
百姓都认为国王是仁爱之人,我知道国王是心软的。
The common people all regard the king as loving, and I certainly know that the king cannot bear it.
王 曰 :「然 。
Wang|said|yes
国王说:"是的。
The king said: "Indeed.
誠 有 百姓 者 。
sincerity|has|common people|particle indicating a person or thing
确实有百姓。
There are indeed common people.
齊國 雖 褊 小 ,吾 何 愛 一 牛 ?
Qi State|although|narrow|small|I|what|love|one|cow
齐国虽然小,我怎么会爱一头牛呢?
Although the state of Qi is small, why should I love a single cow?
即 不忍 其 觳觫 ,若 無罪 而 就 死地 ,故 以 羊 易 之 也 。」
then|cannot bear|his|punishment|if|innocent|and|approach|place of death|therefore|by|sheep|exchange|it|also
即使不忍心牺牲它们,如果没有罪就走向死亡的地方,所以用羊来替代它们。
That is, not to bear the pain of the slaughter, as if one were innocent and facing death, therefore it is exchanged for a sheep.
曰 :「王 無異於 百姓 之 以 王 為 愛 也 。
said|king|is no different from|common people|possessive particle|by|king|regarding|love|also
说:"国王和百姓没有区别,都是以国王为爱。
He said: "The king is no different from the common people in that he loves the king.
以 小 易 大 ,彼 惡 知 之 ?
using|small|easy|big|he|bad|know|it
用小的来换大的,他们怎么知道呢?
Exchanging the small for the large, how could they know?
王若隱 其 無罪 而 就 死地 ,則 牛 羊 何 擇 焉 ?
Wang Ruoyin|he|innocent|and|then|place of death|then|cattle|sheep|what|choice|there
如果国王隐瞒自己的无罪而走向死亡的地方,那么牛羊又有什么选择呢?
If the king hides his innocence and faces death, then what choice is there between cattle and sheep?
」王 笑 曰 :「是 誠 何 心 哉 ?
Wang|laughed|said|is|sincerity|what|heart|particle indicating exclamation or questioning
王笑着说:"这真是何等的心思啊?"
" Wang smiled and said: "What kind of heart is this?"
我 非 愛 其 財 。
I|not|love|his|wealth
I|not|love|his|wealth
我并不是爱他的财富。
I do not love their wealth.
而 易 之 以 羊 也 ,宜 乎 百姓 之 謂 我 愛 也 。」
and|easy|possessive particle|with|sheep|also|appropriate|particle indicating a question|common people|possessive particle|to say|I|love|also
而是用羊来交换,难怪百姓说我爱他。"
And to exchange it for sheep, it is right that the people say I love it."
曰 : 「 無 傷 也 , 是 乃 仁術 也 , 見 牛 未 見 羊 也 。
他说:"没有伤害,这就是仁爱的做法,只是见到了牛,没有见到羊。"
He said: "There is no harm, this is indeed a benevolent method, having seen cattle but not sheep."
君子 之於 禽獸 也 ,見 其 生 ,不忍 見 其 死 ;聞 其 聲 ,不忍 食 其 肉 。
gentleman|towards|animals|also|seeing|their|life|cannot bear|seeing|their|death|hearing|their|voice|cannot bear|eating|their|meat
君子对禽兽,看到它们活着,不忍心看到它们死;听到它们的声音,不忍心吃它们的肉。
A gentleman, when it comes to animals, sees them alive and cannot bear to see them die; hears their voices and cannot bear to eat their flesh.
是 以 君子 遠 庖廚 也 。」
is|by|gentleman|stay away from|kitchen|also
所以君子远离厨房。
Therefore, a gentleman stays away from the kitchen.
王 曰 :「詩 云 :『他人 有 心 ,予 忖度 之 。
Wang|said|poem|says|others|have|intentions|I|speculate|them
王说:诗中说:‘他人有心,我来推测。
The king said: "The poem says: 'Others have intentions, I ponder them.'
』夫子 之 謂 也 。
Master|possessive particle|to say|final particle
’这是在说夫子。
This refers to the Master."
夫 我 乃 行 之 ,反而 求 之 ,不 得 吾 心 。
now|I|then|go|it|on the contrary|seek|it|not|obtain|my|heart
我去做了,反而想要,却得不到我的心。
I, on the contrary, seek it, but cannot attain my heart.
夫子 言 之 於 我 心 有 戚戚 焉 。
Master|said|it|to|me|heart|has|sorrowful|particle indicating a situation
老师说这句话时,我心里感到很难过。
The Master spoke of it, and my heart felt a pang.
此 心 之 所以 合於 王者 ,何 也 ?」
this|heart|possessive particle|reason|in harmony with|king|what|particle indicating affirmation
这心为什么能与王者相合呢?
What is the reason that this heart aligns with that of the king?
曰 : 「 有 復 於 王 者 曰 : 『 吾 力 足以 舉 百 鈞 』 , 而 不足以 舉 一 羽 ; 『 明 足以 察 秋毫 之 末 』 , 而 不 見 輿 薪 , 則 王 許 之 乎 ? 」
说:"有的人对王说:‘我有力量可以举起百斤的东西’,却连一根羽毛都举不起来;‘我明白可以看清秋天的细微之处’,却看不见车上的柴火,王会相信他吗?"
He said: "If someone were to say to the king, 'I have the strength to lift a hundred pounds,' but cannot lift a single feather; 'I have the clarity to see the tiniest detail,' but cannot see the cart of firewood, would the king allow it?"
曰 :「否 。」
said|no
说:"不。"
He said: "No."
「今 恩 足 以及 禽獸 ,而 功 不 至於 百姓 者 ,獨 何 與 ?
now|grace|sufficient|and|beasts|but|merit|not|reach|common people|those|alone|what|to do
"现在恩惠足够给禽兽,但功劳却没有到百姓身上,这有什么关系呢?
"Now, if grace is sufficient for both the birds and beasts, but the achievements do not reach the common people, what is the difference?"
然則 一 羽 之 不 舉 ,為 不 用力 焉 ;輿 薪 之 不 見 ,為 不 用 明 焉 ,百姓 之 不 見 保 ,為 不 用 恩 焉 。
then|one|feather|possessive particle|not|lift|because|not|exerting force|particle indicating reason|cart|firewood|possessive particle|not|seen|because|not|using|light|particle indicating reason|common people|possessive particle|not|seen|protection|because|not|using|kindness|particle indicating reason
所以一根羽毛不被举起,是因为不努力;车上的柴火不被看到,是因为不明白;百姓得不到保护,是因为没有恩惠。
"Thus, if a feather is not lifted, it is not due to lack of effort; if firewood is not seen, it is not due to lack of clarity; if the common people are not protected, it is not due to lack of grace."
故 王 之 不 王 ,不 為 也 ,非 不能 也 。」
therefore|king|possessive particle|not|rule|not|for|also|not|unable to|also
所以国王不治理国家,不是因为不能,而是因为不想。"
"Therefore, the king's failure to rule is not because he does not want to, but because he cannot."
曰 : 「 不 為 者 與 不 能 者 之 形 何以 異 ? 」
说:‘不作为的人和不能做的人有什么区别?’
He said: "What is the difference in form between one who does not act and one who cannot act?"
曰 :「挾 太山 以 超 北海 ,語 人 曰 『我 不能 』,是 誠 不能 也 。
said|to carry|Mount Tai|in order to|surpass|the Northern Sea|to speak|people|said|I|cannot|this|truly|cannot|also
说:‘用太山来跨越北海,告诉别人说‘我不能’,这确实是不能。
He said: "If one were to carry Mount Tai to cross the North Sea and say to others 'I cannot', that is indeed a case of inability.
為 長 者 折 枝 , 語 人 曰 『 我 不能 』 , 是 不 為 也 , 非 不能 也 。
为了长者折枝,告诉别人说‘我不能’,这不是不能,而是不作为。
If one were to break a branch for a leader and say to others 'I cannot', that is a case of not acting, not inability.
故 王 之 不 王 ,非 挾 太山 以 超 北海 之 類 也 ;王 之 不 王 ,是 折枝 之 類 也 。
therefore|king|possessive particle|not|rule|not|carry|Mount Tai|in order to|surpass|the Northern Sea|possessive particle|class|also|king|possessive particle|not|rule|is|breaking a branch|possessive particle|class|also
所以,王之所以不王,不是像用太山跨越北海那样;王之所以不王,是像折枝那样。
Therefore, the king's failure to rule is not like carrying Mount Tai to cross the North Sea; the king's failure to rule is like breaking a branch.
老 吾 老 , 以及 人 之 老 ; 幼 吾 幼 , 以及 人 之 幼 。
老我老,以及人的老;幼我幼,以及人的幼。
Respect the elderly, and also the elderly of others; care for the young, and also the young of others.
天下 可 運 於 掌 。
the world|can|be controlled|in|palm
天下可以掌握。
The world can be held in one's hands.
詩 云 :『刑 于 寡 妻 ,至 于 兄弟 ,以 御 于 家 邦 。』
poem|said|punishment|to|few|wife|up to|to|brothers|in order to|govern|in|family|state
诗云:‘刑于寡妻,至于兄弟,以御于家邦。’
The poem says: 'Punishment is for the few, up to the brothers, to govern the family and the nation.'
言舉 斯 心 加諸 彼 而 已 。
speech and action|this|heart|added to|others|and|already
言举此心加于彼而已。
This means to apply this heart to others and nothing more.
故 推 恩 足以 保 四海 ,不 推 恩 無以 保 妻子 。
therefore|to push|kindness|sufficient to|protect|all under heaven|not|to push|kindness|without|protect|wife and children
所以推恩才能保全四海,不推恩就无法保护妻子。
Therefore, promoting kindness is enough to protect the four seas; without promoting kindness, one cannot protect their wife and children.
古 之 人 所以 大過 人 者 無 他 焉 ,善 推 其 所為 而已 矣 。
ancient|possessive particle|people|reason|surpass|others|particle indicating the subject|not|other|there|good|to push|their|actions|and nothing more|final particle
古人之所以能超越他人,别无他法,只是善于推己及人罢了。
What ancient people did to surpass others was nothing more than being good at promoting what they did.
今 恩 足 以 及 禽獸 ,而 功 不 至於 百姓 者 ,獨 何 與 ?
now|grace|sufficient|to|and|beasts|but|merit|not|reach|common people|those|alone|what|to do
如今恩惠能及禽兽,而功劳却不能惠及百姓,这又有什么关系呢?
Now, kindness extends even to birds and beasts, yet the achievements do not reach the common people; what is the reason for this?
權 ,然後 知 輕重 ;度 ,然後 知 長短 。
weight|then|know|lightness and heaviness|measure|then|know|length and shortness
权衡之后,才能知道轻重;测量之后,才能知道长短。
With power, one then knows the weight of things; with measurement, one then knows the length and shortness.
物 皆 然 ,心 為 甚 。
things|all|natural|mind|is|very much
万物皆然,心为甚。
Everything is natural, but the heart is the most.
王 請 度 之 !
Wang|please|measure|possessive particle
王请度之!
The king asks to measure it!
抑 王 興 甲 兵 ,危 士臣 ,構 怨 於 諸侯 ,然後 快 於 心 與 ?」
or|Wang|Xiong|armor|soldiers|Wei|scholar-officials|to create|resentment|among|feudal lords|only then|happy|in|heart|with
难道王兴起甲兵,危害士臣,制造对诸侯的怨恨,然后才能心满意足吗?
Or does the king raise soldiers, endanger the ministers, and create resentment among the lords, and then feel satisfied in his heart?
王 曰 :「否 。
Wang|said|no
王曰:否。
The king said: "No."
吾 何 快 於 是 ?
I|why|happy|at|this
我为什么这么快?
Why am I so eager about this?
將 以 求 吾 所 大 欲 也 。」
will|with|seek|I|what|great|desire|particle indicating assertion
是为了追求我最大的欲望。
I will seek to fulfill my greatest desires.
曰 :「王 之 所 大 欲 可 得 聞 與 ?
said|king|possessive particle|place|great|desire|can|obtain|heard|with
说:‘王的最大欲望可以告诉我吗?
He said: "Can the king's greatest desires be heard?
」王 笑 而 不 言 。
Wang|smiled|but|not|speak
’王笑而不语。
" The king smiled and said nothing.
曰 :「為 肥 甘 不足 於 口 與 ?
said|for|fat|sweet|insufficient|to|mouth|and
说:‘是因为美味不够让人满足吗?
He said: "Is it that the rich and sweet are not enough for the mouth?"},{
輕 煖 不足 於 體 與 ?
light|warm|insufficient|in|body|and
还是因为温暖不够让人舒适吗?
抑為 采色 不足 視 於 目 與 ?
perhaps|color|insufficient|vision|in|eyes|and
或者是因为色彩不够让人赏心悦目吗?
聲音 不足 聽 於 耳 與 ?
sound|insufficient|hearing|in|ear|and
声音不够让人听得清楚吗?
便 嬖 不足 使 令 於 前 與 ?
then|favored|insufficient|to make|to command|in|front|to give
便 嬖 不足 使 令 於 前 與 ?
Is it not enough to use the favor of the front?
王 之 諸 臣 皆 足以 供 之 ,而 王 豈 為 是 哉 ?
the king|possessive particle|all|ministers|all|sufficient to|provide|him|but|the king|how|act|this|question particle
王 的 臣子 都 足以 供 應 他 , 而 王 怎麼會 為 這個 呢 ?
All of the king's ministers are sufficient to provide for him, and would the king do this for that?
」曰 :「否 。
said|no
」 說 : 「 不對 。
He said: "No.
吾 不 為 是 也 。」
I|do not|act for|this|particle indicating assertion
我 不是 為 這個 。 」
I do not do this."
曰 :「然則 王 之 所 大 欲 可 知 已 。
said|then|king|possessive particle|what|great|desire|can|know|already
说:"那么,王的主要欲望可知了。"
He said: "Then the king's greatest desire can be known.
欲 辟 土地 ,朝 秦 楚 ,蒞 中國 而 撫 四夷 也 。
to desire|open up|territory|towards|Qin|Chu|arrive|China|and|pacify|the four barbarian tribes|also
想要开辟土地,朝向秦楚,治理中国,安抚四方。
He wishes to expand territory, to approach Qin and Chu, to rule over China and pacify the four barbarians.
以 若 所 為 求 若 所 欲 ,猶 緣 木 而 求 魚 也 。」
using|if|what|to be|seek|if|what|desire|just like|relying on|wood|and|seek|fish|also
以你所做的来追求你所想要的,就像在树上找鱼一样。"
To seek what you want in such a way is like trying to catch fish by climbing a tree."
曰 :「若 是 其 甚 與 ?
said|if|it|his|very|to be compared
说:"这样真的很严重吗?"
He said: "Is this really the case?"
」曰 :「殆 有 甚 焉 。
said|probably|have|much|in it
」 说 : 「 几乎没有什么 。
" It is said: "There is hardly anything worse.
緣木求魚 ,雖 不 得 魚 ,無 後災 。
to seek fish in a tree|although|not|obtain|fish|without|later disaster
缘木求鱼,虽然得不到鱼,但没有后患。
Climbing a tree to catch a fish, even if you don't catch a fish, there will be no disaster afterwards.
以 若 所 為 ,求 若 所 欲 ,盡 心力 而 為 之 ,後 必 有 災 。」
using|if|what|to do|seeking|if|what|desire|exhaust|mental effort|and|to do|it|later|surely|have|disaster
以你所做的,求你所想要的,尽心尽力去做,后面一定会有灾难。 」
If you do what you do, seeking what you desire, and put in all your heart and effort to do it, there will definitely be disaster afterwards."
曰 :「可 得 聞 與 ?」
said|can|obtain|hearing|with
说 : 「 可以听到吗? 」
It was said: "Can I hear more about this?"
曰 :「鄒人 與 楚人 戰 ,則 王 以為 孰 勝 ?」
said|people of Zou|and|people of Chu|fight|then|the king|thinks|who|will win
说:‘邹人和楚人打仗,王认为谁会胜?’
He said: "If the people of Zou fight against the people of Chu, who does the king think will win?"
曰 :「楚人 勝 。」
said|Chu people|win
说:‘楚人会胜。’
He said: "The people of Chu will win."
曰 : 「 然 則 小 固 不 可以 敵 大 , 寡 固 不 可以 敵 眾 , 弱 固 不 可以 敵 彊 。
说:‘那么小的确不能敌大,少的确不能敌多,弱的确不能敌强。
He said: "Then the small cannot resist the large, the few cannot resist the many, and the weak cannot resist the strong.
海內 之 地方 千里 者 九 ,齊集 有 其 一 。
within the seas|possessive particle|places|thousand miles|those|nine|gathered|have|its|one
海内的地方有千里有九,齐集有其一。’
There are nine regions within a thousand miles, and one of them is gathered here.
以 一 服 八 ,何以 異於 鄒敵 楚 哉 ?
using|one|defeat|eight|how can|be different from|the enemy of Zou|Chu|particle indicating a question
以一服八,何以异于邹敌楚哉?
If one serves eight, how is it different from the enemies of Zou and Chu?
蓋 亦 反 其 本 矣 。
to cover|also|to return|his|origin|past tense particle
盖亦反其本矣。
It is indeed a return to its origin.
今 王 發 政 施 仁 , 使 天下 仕 者 皆 欲 立於 王 之 朝 , 耕 者 皆 欲 耕 於 王 之 野 , 商賈 皆 欲 藏 於 王 之 市 , 行旅 皆 欲 出於 王 之 塗 , 天下 之 欲 疾 其 君 者 皆 欲 赴 愬 於 王 。
今王发政施仁,使天下仕者皆欲立于王之朝,耕者皆欲耕于王之野,商贾皆欲藏于王之市,行旅皆欲出于王之涂,天下之欲疾其君者皆欲赴诉于王。
Now the king implements policies of benevolence, making all those who serve in the world wish to stand in the king's court, all farmers wish to cultivate in the king's fields, all merchants wish to store in the king's market, and all travelers wish to travel on the king's roads. Those in the world who desire to be close to their ruler all wish to appeal to the king.
其 若 是 ,孰 能 禦 之 ?」
if|like|this|who|can|resist|it
其若是,孰能御之?
In such a case, who can resist it?
王 曰 :「吾 惛 ,不能 進 於 是 矣 。
Wang|said|I|drowsy|cannot|advance|in|this|particle indicating completed action
王说:"我困了,不能进去了。"
Wang said: "I am confused and cannot proceed with this."},{
願 夫子 輔 吾 志 ,明 以 教 我 。
may|master|assist|I|ambition|clearly|by|teach|me
希望老师能帮助我,清楚地教我。
我 雖 不 敏 ,請 嘗試 之 。」
I|although|not|quick|please|try|it
我虽然不聪明,请尝试一下。"
曰 :「無 恆產 而 有 恆心 者 ,惟 士 為 能 。
said|without|permanent property|but|have|constant mind|one who|only|scholar|is|capable
他说:"没有固定的财产而有固定的心志的,只有士人才能做到。"
若 民 ,則 無恆產 ,因 無 恆心 。
if|people|then|have no permanent property|because|no|permanent intention
如果人民没有固定的财产,就没有固定的心志。
If the people have no constant property, it is because they have no constancy in their hearts.
苟 無 恆心 ,放辟 ,邪侈 ,無 不 為 已 。
if|not|perseverance|indulgence|extravagance|no|not|for|oneself
如果没有固定的心志,就会放纵自己,做出各种邪恶和奢侈的事情。
If there is no constancy in the heart, they will indulge in debauchery and do anything.
及 陷於 罪 ,然後 從 而 刑之 ,是 罔民 也 。
and|trapped in|crime|then|follow|and|punish|is|harming the people|also
等到陷入罪恶之后,才来惩罚他们,这就是对人民的不公。
Only after falling into sin and then being punished is it a betrayal of the people.
焉 有 仁人 在位 ,罔民 而 可 為 也 ?
where|there is|benevolent person|in power|harm the people|and|can|be done|question particle
哪里有仁德的人在位,能够对人民不公呢?
How can a benevolent person be in power while betraying the people?
是 故 明君 制 民 之 產 ,必 使 仰 足以 事 父母 ,俯 足以 畜 妻子 ,樂 歲 終身 飽 ,凶 年 免於 死亡 。
is|therefore|wise ruler|regulate|people|possessive particle|wealth|must|make|look up|sufficient to|support|parents|look down|sufficient to|raise|wife and children|happy|years|lifelong|satisfied|famine|years|free from|death
所以明君管理人民的生产,必须让他们能够养活父母,能够养活妻子,快乐地生活,丰年时能吃饱,灾年时免于死亡。
Thus, a wise ruler must ensure that the people's livelihood allows them to support their parents above and to raise their wives and children below, to enjoy a full life throughout the years, and to be spared from death in times of famine.
然後 驅 而 之 善 ,故 民 之 從 之 也 輕 。
then|drive|and|it|good|therefore|people|it|follow|it|also|light
然后引导他们向善,所以人民跟随他时就容易。
Only then can they be guided towards goodness, and thus the people's following will be light.
今 也 制 民 之 產 ,仰 不足以 事 父母 ,俯 不足以 畜 妻子 ,樂 歲 終身 苦 ,凶 年 不 免 於 死亡 。
now|also|govern|people|possessive particle|wealth|looking up|not sufficient to|serve|parents|looking down|not sufficient to|support|wife and children|happiness|years|lifelong|suffering|famine|years|not|escape|from|death
现在管理人民的生产,不能养活父母,不能养活妻子,快乐地生活却很苦,灾年时也免不了死亡。
Now, however, the people's livelihood is such that they cannot support their parents above, nor can they raise their wives and children below, they suffer throughout their lives, and they are not spared from death in times of famine.
此 惟 救 死 而 恐 不 贍 ,奚 暇 治 禮義 哉 ?
this|only|save|death|but|fear|not|provide|what|leisure|govern|propriety and righteousness|question particle
这只是救命而恐怕无法供养,哪里还有时间去治理礼义呢?
In this case, they can only save themselves from death but fear they will not be provided for; what leisure do they have to cultivate propriety and righteousness?
王 欲 行 之 ,則 盍 反 其 本 矣 。
Wang|desires|to act|it|then|why not|return|its|origin|particle indicating completed action
王想要这样做,那就应该反思自己的根本。
If the king wants to act, then why not return to the basics?
五 畝 之 宅 ,樹 之 以 桑 ,五十 者 可以 衣帛 矣 ;雞 豚 狗 彘 之 畜 ,無 失 其 時 ,七十 者 可以 食 肉 矣 ;百 畝 之 田 ,勿 奪 其 時 ,八 口 之 家 可以 無 飢 矣 ;謹 庠序 之 教 ,申 之 以 孝悌 之 義 ,頒 白 者 不 負 戴 於 道路 矣 。
five|mu (a unit of area)|possessive particle|house|plant|possessive particle|with|mulberry|fifty|those|can|wear silk|past action particle|chicken|pig|dog|pig|possessive particle|livestock|not|lose|its|time|seventy|those|can|eat|meat|past action particle|hundred|mu (a unit of area)|possessive particle|field|do not|take away|its|time|eight|people|possessive particle|family|can|not|hungry|past action particle|carefully|school|possessive particle|teaching|extend|possessive particle|with|filial piety and brotherly love|possessive particle|righteousness|distribute|white-haired|those|not|burden|carry|on|road|past action particle
五亩的房子,种上桑树,五十岁的人可以穿上丝绸;养鸡、猪、狗等牲畜,按时喂养,七十岁的人可以吃肉;一百亩的田地,不能错过时机,八口之家可以不饥饿;要谨慎学校的教育,强调孝道的义务,年长者在路上不会被白头发所困扰。
A house of five acres, planted with mulberry trees, can provide clothing for fifty people; if the livestock of chickens, pigs, dogs, and boars are not neglected in their time, seventy people can eat meat; a hundred acres of farmland, if not taken away at the right time, can feed a family of eight without hunger; carefully teach the school rules, reinforce them with the principles of filial piety and brotherly love, so that the elderly do not have to carry burdens on the road.
老者 衣帛 食 肉 ,黎民 不 飢 不 寒 ,然而 不 王 者 ,未 之 有 也 。」
old man|wears silk|eats|meat|common people|not|hungry|not|cold|yet|not|rule|one|not yet|possessive particle|have|also
老人穿着丝绸,吃着肉,百姓不饥不寒,但却没有王者,这种情况是前所未有的。
The elderly wear fine clothes and eat meat, the common people are not hungry or cold, yet there is no king; this has never happened before.
SENT_CWT:AFkKFwvL=8.3 PAR_TRANS:gpt-4o-mini=4.73 SENT_CWT:AFkKFwvL=6.37 PAR_TRANS:gpt-4o-mini=204.58
zh-cn:unknowd en:unknowd
openai.2025-02-07
ai_request(all=229 err=0.00%) translation(all=183 err=4.92%) cwt(all=2114 err=13.20%)